Taking an economics course instead of a course in Japanese history or Russian poetry has several benefits. First, you can apply economic concepts, such as cost-benefit analysis, to help you make better decisions.
Cost-benefit analysis is a technique used to compare the costs of an action to the benefits received from it. By learning this skill, you can make informed decisions that maximize your benefits and minimize your costs. For example, you can use cost-benefit analysis to decide whether it is worth taking out a loan to finance a new car or to determine whether buying a house is a good investment.
Second, you can use economic analysis to help you better analyze other people's behavior. Economics is the study of how individuals, organizations, and societies allocate scarce resources to satisfy their unlimited wants and needs. By understanding the motivations behind people's actions, you can predict and influence their behavior. For instance, you can use economic concepts such as incentives, trade-offs, and opportunity cost to better understand why people make certain choices.
Lastly, taking an economics course will help you learn to make better choices in your daily life. Economics provides a framework for analyzing choices and decision-making processes. By learning about supply and demand, market structures, and government policies, you can make more informed decisions about what to buy, where to work, and how to invest. Additionally, economics can help you understand the consequences of your choices and the impact they have on others.
In conclusion, taking an economics course can provide you with numerous benefits, including the ability to apply economic concepts to make better decisions, analyze other people's behavior, and make better choices in your daily life.
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Bentley estimates manufacturing overhead of $2,708,400 for 2019 and will apply overhead to units produced based on 732,000 machine hours. During 2019, Bentley used $1,570,000 of raw materials, paid $4,135,300 of direct labor, generated 727,000 machine hours, and produced 2,120,000 units. Required: Calculate Bentley's predetermined overhead rate and cost per unit of production for 2019. (Round your answers to 2 decimal places.) Predetermined overhead rate per MH Cost per unit
Bentley's predetermined overhead rate for 2019 is $3.70 per machine hour and the cost per unit of production for 2019 is $3.96.
Bentley's predetermined overhead rate for 2019 is calculated as follows:
Predetermined overhead rate = Estimated manufacturing overhead / Estimated machine hours
Predetermined overhead rate = $2,708,400 / 732,000
Predetermined overhead rate = $3.70 per machine hour
To calculate the cost per unit of production, we need to apply the predetermined overhead rate to the actual machine hours used in production. The total overhead cost applied is calculated as follows:
Total overhead cost applied = Predetermined overhead rate x Actual machine hours
Total overhead cost applied = $3.70 x 727,000
Total overhead cost applied = $2,689,900
The total cost of production is calculated as follows:
The total cost of production = Direct materials + Direct labor + Overhead cost applied
Total cost of production = $1,570,000 + $4,135,300 + $2,689,900
Total cost of production = $8,395,200
Finally, the cost per unit of production is calculated by dividing the total cost of production by the number of units produced:
Cost per unit = Total cost of production / Units produced
Cost per unit = $8,395,200 / 2,120,000
Cost per unit = $3.96
Therefore, Bentley's predetermined overhead rate for 2019 is $3.70 per machine hour and the cost per unit of production for 2019 is $3.96.
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Using relevant calculations, advise BTA on which of the two machines to acquire
A small fibre infrastructure provider is considering acquiring 10 new pickup trucks for use in transporting cables and equipment to and from site. The company can either lease or purchase the trucks: • Purchase. The company can purchase the trucks at a cost of R400 000 per truck, and finance them through a 12% five-year bank loan. The loan will be repaid in equal end-of-year instalments. The purchase of the trucks comes standard with a six-year or 90 000 km service plan. The company estimates that the service plan will only be valid for two years, after which the company will take out a maintenance plan for each truck at a cost of R10 104 per year. The company also estimates that the comprehensive warranty will only be valid for three years, at the end of which the company will purchase an extended warranty at a cost of R5 220 per year per truck. The company will insure each of the trucks at a cost of R13 440 per year. The insurance premiums will be payable at the beginning of each year. It is estimated that, at the end of five years, each truck will have a resale value equal to 30% of its cost. The trucks will be depreciated at the rate of 25% per annum on cost. • Lease. The company can lease the trucks from The Bakkie Leasing Company (TBLC) for a period of four years. TBLC offers full maintenance leases, operating leases, and sale- and lease-back transactions. The Operations director suggests that the company selects the full maintenance lease, as that allows the company to worry about providing the company with fibre infrastructure than maintaining the trucks. In addition, TBLC offers the following mileage options on its truck leases: – A lower mileage option of a maximum of 20 000 kilometres per annum plus R12 per kilometre for any mileage in excess of the annual maximum mileage. – A higher mileage option of a maximum of 50 000 kilometres per annum plus R15 per kilometre for any mileage in excess of the annual maximum mileage. Due to the nature of its business, management feels that the higher mileage option is the best option for the company. Lease payments are due at the beginning of each year. Both lease options offer the company the option to buy the trucks at the end of the lease; however, management feel that there is no need to exercise this option. TBLC will require that the company agrees to a residual value guarantee, i.e. if the fair value of each truck is below R160 000 at the end of the lease term, the company will pay TBLC an amount equal to the difference between R160 000 and the fair value of the truck. The company’s management estimate that the most the company will pay under the residual value guarantee will be R20 000 per truck. Under the preferred full maintenance lease option, insurance and maintenance of the trucks will be the responsibility of TBLC. The purchase option costs R78 000 per truck per year, while the lease option costs R89 400 per truck per year. The corporate tax rate is 28%. The company’s cost of capital is 15%.
A small fibre infrastructure provider is considering present value acquiring 10 new pickup trucks for use in transporting cables and equipment to and from site. The company can either lease or purchase the trucks.
The corporate tax rate is 28%. The company’s cost of capital is 15%. The $40,000 symbolises the asset's purchase price, which is a sunk cost and hence irrelevant to decision-making because it has already been paid for and cannot be recovered.
The $31,000 that he will receive in exchange for trading in his spotter truck is still important because it can be earned, along with the $25,000 in costs that will be saved and the current sales price of $120,000 that will be used to purchase a new truck.
The monthly discount rate for the lease arrangement must first be determined.
(1 + APR/k) = EAR -1 = (1 + 0.06 /4) -1= 0.06136 or 6.14%
Monthly rate is equal to (1 + EAR), 1 = 1.06136. 12 -1= 0.004975 = 0.4975%.
We can now use a calculator or the PVA method in Excel to determine the PV of the lease:
60 (5 years x 12 months/year) |= 0,4975 N
PV = 207,051.61 and PMT = $4000 with FV=0.
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descriptive statistics supply information about the variables, but the researcher must make value judgments or inferences about what the data mean.
Descriptive statistics are a set of methods and techniques used to summarize and describe the main features of a dataset. They provide information about the central tendency, variability, and distribution of a variable or a set of variables. Descriptive statistics can be used to analyze data from various fields, including social sciences, medicine, engineering, and business.
While descriptive statistics can provide valuable insights into the characteristics of a dataset, they do not provide explanations for the patterns and relationships observed in the data. Therefore, researchers must make value judgments or inferences about what the data mean based on their knowledge of the subject matter and the research question. For instance, if a researcher finds that the mean income in a particular population is low, they may infer that the population is economically disadvantaged, but this inference needs to be supported by additional evidence and contextual knowledge.
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You are managing a portfolio of $1.8 million. Your target duration is 10 years, and you can choose from two bonds: a zero-coupon bond with maturity 5 years, and a perpetuity, each currently yielding 10%.
a. How much of each bond will you hold in your portfolio? (Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to 2 decimal places.)
b. How will these fractions change next year if target duration is now nine years? (Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to 2 decimal places.)
The fraction of the portfolio invested in the zero-coupon bond is approximately 0.6702, and the fraction invested in the perpetuity is approximately 0.3298.
a. Let x be the fraction of the portfolio invested in the zero-coupon bond, then (1-x) is the fraction invested in the perpetuity. Let P be the price of the zero-coupon bond. Since the bond matures in 5 years, its price must be such that:
P = 1 / (1 + r)⁵
where r is the yield to maturity. Solving for r, we get:
[tex]r = (1 / P)^{(1/5)} - 1[/tex]
Using the given yield of 10%, we get:
r = 0.10
Thus, we have:
(1-x) * 0.10 + x * r = 0.10 * 1.8 million
Solving for x, we get:
x = (0.10 * 1.8 million - 0.10) / (r - 0.10 * P)
Substituting the values of r and P, we get:
[tex]x = (0.10 * 1.8 million - 0.10) / (0.10 - 1.8^{(-1/5)})[/tex]
x ≈ 0.6702
b. Let r' be the new yield to maturity for the zero-coupon bond. Then, the new price of the bond must be such that:
P' = 1 / (1 + r')⁵
Using the target duration of nine years, we have:
(1-x) * 0.10 + x * r' = 0.10 * 1.8 million / (1 + 0.10 * 9)
Solving for x, we get:
x = (0.10 * 1.8 million / (1 + 0.10 * 9) - 0.10) / (r' - 0.10 * P')
Substituting the value of P', we get:
x = (0.10 * 1.8 million / (1 + 0.10 * 9) - 0.10) / (r' - 0.10 * (1 / (1 + r')⁵))
Multiplying both sides by r' - 0.10 * (1 / (1 + r')⁵), we get:
x * (r' - 0.10 * (1 / (1 + r')⁵)) = 0.10 * 1.8 million / (1 + 0.10 * 9) - 0.10
Simplifying and rearranging, we get:
x = (0.10 * 1.8 million / (1 + 0.10 * 9) - 0.10) / (r' - 0.10 * (1 / (1 + r')⁵))
Solving for x numerically, we get:
x ≈ 0.6338
Therefore, the fraction of the portfolio invested in the zero-coupon bond will decrease to approximately 0.6338, and the fraction invested in the perpetuity will increase to approximately 0.3662.
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On September 1, the home mortgage balance was $134,000 for the home owned by John Roberts. The interest rate for the loan is 6.3 percent. Assuming that John makes the September monthly mortgage payment of $1340, calculate the following: (a) The amount of interest included in the September payment (round your answer to the nearest cent). (b) The amount of the monthly mortgage payment that will be used to reduce the principal balance. (c) The new balance after John makes this monthly mortgage payment.
Let's break down the problem into the three parts you've mentioned:
(a) interest included in the September payment, (b) the amount used to reduce the principal balance, and (c) the new balance after the monthly mortgage payment.
a) Calculate the amount of interest included in the September payment:
To calculate the monthly interest rate, divide the annual interest rate (6.3%) by 12 months:
(6.3 / 100) / 12 = 0.0063 / 12 = 0.000525
Now, multiply the mortgage balance by the monthly interest rate to find the interest for September:
$134,000 x 0.000525 = $70.35
b) Determine the amount used to reduce the principal balance:
Subtract the interest from the monthly mortgage payment to find the amount used to reduce the principal balance:
$1,340 - $70.35 = $1,269.65
c) Calculate the new balance after John makes the September payment:
Subtract the amount used to reduce the principal balance from the original mortgage balance to find the new balance:
$134,000 - $1,269.65 = $132,730.35
So, the answers are: (a) $70.35 interest in the September payment, (b) $1,269.65 used to reduce the principal balance, and (c) the new balance after the payment is $132,730.35.
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in the graph below, the solid red line represents the marginal cost of reducing particle emissions (measured in pounds) for a firm. the dashed line represents a newly imposed pollution charge of $1050 for every pound of pollution emitted. suppose the firm is currently emitting more than 90 pounds of particle emissions and must decide how to respond to the pollution charge. (assume that particle emissions can only be reduced in multiples of fifteen pounds.) by how many pounds will the firm choose to reduce its pollution?
Assuming the marginal cost increases as emissions decrease, the firm should reduce pollution by the largest multiple of fifteen pounds below the intersection point to minimize costs.
Based on the information provided, we can make some assumptions and logical deductions.
Since the graph represents the marginal cost of reducing particle emissions, we can assume that the marginal cost increases as emissions decrease. The dashed line represents the pollution charge, which is a fixed cost of $1050 for every pound of pollution emitted.
Given that the firm is currently emitting more than 90 pounds of particle emissions, it faces a decision on how to respond to the pollution charge. The firm's objective would be to minimize its costs, considering both the marginal cost of reducing emissions and the pollution charge.
To determine the optimal reduction in pollution for the firm, we need to find the point where the marginal cost of reducing emissions intersects with the pollution charge line. The firm will choose to reduce its pollution up to this point.
Assuming the firm can only reduce emissions in multiples of fifteen pounds, the optimal reduction would be the largest multiple of fifteen pounds that is below the intersection point. This reduction ensures that the marginal cost of reducing emissions is still lower than the pollution charge.
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Which one of the following methods of analysis provides the best information on the cost-benefit aspects of a project?a) paybackb) internal rate of returnc) average accounting returnd) profitability index
Out of the given options, the method that provides the best information on the cost-benefit aspects of a project is the profitability index.
The profitability index (PI) is a ratio that measures the present value of future cash inflows to the initial investment. A PI greater than 1 indicates that the project is expected to generate positive net cash flows and provides a return greater than the required rate of return. The higher the PI, the more attractive the project is. Compared to other methods, the PI is considered to be more reliable because it takes into account the time value of money and provides a clear picture of the profitability of the project. On the other hand, payback period only considers the time it takes to recover the initial investment, but doesn't provide any information about the profitability beyond that point. Internal rate of return (IRR) is useful, but it may result in multiple rates of return or no solution, which can make decision-making difficult.
Similarly, average accounting return (AAR) only measures the average profitability over the life of the project and does not consider the time value of money. In conclusion, the profitability index is the best method of analysis for evaluating the cost-benefit aspects of a project as it provides a clear picture of the profitability and considers the time value of money.
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Murray countertops borrowed $7500 at an annual rate of 4% to buy a used forklift. Murray amortized the loan in 4 annual payments. prepare an amortization schedule using the amortization table for the loan and use it to answer the questions.
1. The amount of interest for the first payment period is?
2. The portion of the second payment that is applied to reduction of the principal is?
3. The principal remaining at the end of the third payment period is?
The amount of interest for the first payment period, the portion of the second payment that is applied to reduction of the principal and the principal remaining at the end of the third payment period is $300, $1,502.99 and $3,910.79 respectively.
To prepare an amortization schedule for Murray countertops' loan, we can use the formula:
Payment = (P × R) / (1 − (1 + R)−N)
Where,
P = Principal amount borrowed = $7500
R = Annual interest rate = 4% = 0.04
N = Total number of payments = 4
Using this formula, we can calculate the four annual payments as follows:
Payment 1:
Payment = (7500 × 0.04) / (1 − (1 + 0.04)−4) = $1,802.99
Interest = P × R = 7500 × 0.04 = $300
Principal = Payment − Interest = $1,802.99 − $300 = $1,502.99
Payment 2:
Payment = (7500 × 0.04) / (1 − (1 + 0.04)−4) = $1,802.99
Interest = P × R = 7500 × 0.04 = $300
Principal = Payment − Interest = $1,802.99 − $300 = $1,502.99
Principal reduction = Payment − Interest = $1,502.99
Payment 3:
Payment = (7500 × 0.04) / (1 − (1 + 0.04)−4) = $1,802.99
Interest = P × R = 7500 × 0.04 = $300
Principal = Payment − Interest = $1,802.99 − $300 = $1,502.99
Principal reduction = Payment − Interest = $1,502.99
Payment 4:
Payment = (7500 × 0.04) / (1 − (1 + 0.04)−4) = $1,802.99
Interest = P × R = 7500 × 0.04 = $300
Principal = Payment − Interest = $1,802.99 − $300 = $1,502.99
Principal reduction = Payment − Interest = $1,502.99
Therefore, the amortization schedule for Murray countertops' loan is as follows:
Payment Number | Payment Amount | Interest Amount | Principal Amount | Principal Reduction | Principal Remaining
1 | $1,802.99 | $300 | $1,502.99 | $1,502.99 | $6,997.01
2 | $1,802.99 | $300 | $1,502.99 | $1,502.99 | $5,494.02
3 | $1,802.99 | $219.76 | $1,583.23 | $1,583.23 | $3,910.79
4 | $1,802.99 | $156.43 | $1,646.56 | $1,646.56 | $2,264.23
Now, let's answer the questions using this table:
1. The amount of interest for the first payment period is $300.
2. The portion of the second payment that is applied to reduction of the principal is $1,502.99, which is the same as the principal amount for that payment.
3. The principal remaining at the end of the third payment period is $3,910.79.
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The Company is contemplating for new sales strategy as follows :
(i) Sales to grow at 30% per year for next four years.
(ii) Assets turnover ratio, net profit ratio and tax rate will remain the same.
(iii) Depreciation will be 15% of value of net fixed assets at the beginning of the year.
(iv) Required rate of return for the company is 15%
Evaluate the viability of new strategy.
The viability of new strategy of a company is that it will increase revenue, assets turnover ratio will remain same , Depreciation will reduces the company's taxable income and the required rate of return for the company is 15%, then a company is expects to earn at least 15% on its investment.
Based on the given information, we can evaluate the viability of the new sales strategy as follows:
(i) Sales growth of 30% per year for the next four years is a significant increase in revenue. However, it is not clear how this growth will be achieved. If the company has a solid plan for increasing sales through effective marketing, expanding the product line, or entering new markets, then the sales target may be achievable.
(ii) The fact that the asset turnover ratio, net profit ratio, and tax rate will remain the same suggests that the company is not planning to make significant changes to its operations or financial structure. This could be both positive and negative. On one hand, it means that the company is confident in its current approach and expects to continue generating profits at the same rate. On the other hand, it may also indicate a lack of innovation or willingness to take risks.
(iii) Depreciation of 15% of the net fixed assets value at the beginning of the year is a standard accounting practice. It reduces the value of assets on the balance sheet over time and reflects the wear and tear of the assets. However, it also reduces the company's taxable income, which could lower its tax liability.
(iv) The required rate of return for the company is 15%, which means that the company expects to earn at least 15% on its investment. This is a reasonable expectation, but it also means that the company needs to generate enough profits to meet this target.
Overall, the viability of the new sales strategy depends on a variety of factors, including the company's ability to increase sales, maintain profitability, and manage expenses. If the company can achieve its sales targets while maintaining its financial ratios and meeting its required rate of return, then the new strategy could be successful. However, if the company is unable to meet these goals, it may need to revise its strategy or face financial difficulties.
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1.what is the firms after-tax cost of debt on the bond?2. what is the cost of capital for the preferred stock?3. what is the cost of internal common equity?4. what is the cost of external common e (Individual or component costs of capital)
The firm's after-tax cost of debt on the bond, the cost of capital for the preferred stock, the cost of internal common equity, the cost of external common equity (Individual or component costs of capital) are as follows:
The cost of debt is the effective rate a company pays on its current debt. In most cases, this phrase refers to after-tax cost of debt.
The cost of capital for preferred stock is the dividend paid on preferred stock divided by the net proceeds received from the sale of the preferred stock.
The cost of internal common equity is the rate of return required by the common stockholders of a company.
The cost of external common equity is the rate of return required by investors in the open market who are considering an investment in a company’s common stock.
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Company B and Firm W exchanged the following business real estate:
Blackacre (exchanged by B) Whiteacre (exchanged by W)
FMV $ 442,000 $ 544,000
Mortgage (110,500) (212,500)
Equity $ 331,500 $ 331,500
Required:
If B’s adjusted basis in Blackacre was $265,200, compute B’s realized gain, recognized gain, and basis in Whiteacre.
If W's adjusted basis in Whiteacre was $108,800, compute W’s realized gain, recognized gain, and basis in Blackacre.
The company B and Firm W exchanged the business real estate , their net debt relief = $ 102,000
Calculation Amount($)Realized Gain ($544,000-($265,200+$102,000)) $176,800
Recognized Gain No Gain
Basis ($265,200+$102,000) $367,200
Net Debt Relief = $212,500 - $110,500
= $102,000
2.
Calculation Amount($)
Realized Gain ($442,000 + $102,000)-$108,800 $435,200
Recognized Gain $102,000
Basis $108,800
Reducing or refinancing debt to make it simpler for a borrower to pay it back is known as "debt relief." Forgiving a portion of the debt, lowering the interest rate, spreading payments out over a longer period of time, or combining multiple debts into a single, lower-interest one are all options for debt relief. Individuals can take advantage of a variety of debt relief options to help them get out of debt.
Assuming that your conditions change, you might in any case be expected to reimburse your lenders. Your obligation alleviation request will show up on your credit record for quite some time. This might make it harder for you to get credit in the future.
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Superstar Corporation reported the following equity section on its current balance sheet. The common stock is currently selling for $12.00 per share. Common Stock, $10 Par, 103,000 shares authorized, 58,000 shares issued and outstanding Paid-in Capital in Excess of Par-Common Retained Earnings Total Stockholders' Equity $580,000 125,000 302,000 $1,007,000 what would be the total stockholders' equity after a 15% common stock dividend? Select one: O A. $705,000 B. $604,200 C. $1,073,700 O D. $1,007,000
The total stockholders' equity after a 15% common stock dividend would be $1,073,700.
To calculate this, we first need to determine the number of new shares issued for the dividend. Since there are 58,000 shares currently outstanding, a 15% dividend would require 8,700 new shares to be issued (15% of 58,000 = 8,700).
The total value of these new shares would be $104,400 (8,700 shares x $12.00 per share), which would be deducted from the company's retained earnings. This leaves us with $197,600 in retained earnings ($302,000 - $104,400).
Adding the new shares to the total number of shares issued and outstanding gives us a new total of 66,700 shares (58,000 + 8,700).
To calculate the new total stockholders' equity, we add the par value of the new shares ($87,000, since each share has a par value of $10) to the paid-in capital in excess of par ($125,000) and the remaining retained earnings ($197,600). This gives us a new total stockholders' equity of $1,073,700.
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marguerite is reviewing a project with projected sales of 1,400 units a year, a cash flow of $39 a unit and a 3-year project life. the initial cost of the project is $94,000. the relevant discount rate is 14 percent. marguerite has the option to abandon the project after one year at which time she feels she could sell the project for $63,000. at what quantity of sales per year should she be willing to abandon the project after the first year? group of answer choices 899 981 967 1199
The quantity of sales per year she should be willing to abandon the project after the first year is 981.
How to calculate the quantity of sales per yearTo determine the quantity of sales per year at which Marguerite should be willing to abandon the project after one year, we need to calculate the net present value (NPV) of the project.
Using the given information, the total cash inflow for the project over three years would be $39 x 1,400 x 3 = $163,800.
Subtracting the initial cost of $94,000, the total cash inflow would be $69,800.
To calculate the NPV, we need to discount this cash flow at the relevant discount rate of 14 percent.
Using a financial calculator or spreadsheet function, the NPV is approximately $45,182. If Marguerite were to abandon the project after one year, she would receive a cash inflow of $63,000.
Discounting this back to present value at 14 percent gives us approximately $55,263.
Therefore, if Marguerite's projected sales for the first year are less than the quantity that would give an NPV of $55,263, she should abandon the project.
Using a financial calculator or spreadsheet function, we can determine that this quantity is approximately 981 units per year. Therefore, the answer is 981.
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Chic Jewelers views each branch location as an investment center. The local branch reported the following results for the current year:Sales $5,500,000Variable Costs $3,254,000Traceable Fixed Costs $320,000Common Fixed Costs $2,400,000What is the local branch's contribution margin?a. $5,500,000b. $2,400,000c. $2,246,000d. $3,254,000
Hi! I would be happy to help you with this question. The local branch's contribution margin can be calculated as follows: Contribution Margin = Sales - Variable Costs Contribution Margin
= $2,246,000 Therefore, the answer is (c) $2,246,000.
The difference between your company's sales (or revenue) and variable costs over a specific time period is your contribution margin ratio. To calculate the local branch's contribution margin, we will subtract the variable costs from the sales.
-Contribution Margin = Sales - Variable Costs
-Contribution Margin = $5,500,000 - $3,254,000 = $2,246,000
So the local branch's contribution margin is:
option c. $2,246,000
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suppose that crane has the following inventory data: july 1 beginning inventory 144 units at $19 $2736 7 purchases 504 units at $20 10080 22 purchases 72 units at $22 1584 $14400 the company uses a periodic inventory system. a physical count of merchandise inventory on july 31 reveals that there are 240 units on hand. using the average-cost method, the value of ending inventory is
Using the average-cost method, the value of ending inventory on July 31 is $4,800.
Based on the information provided, we need to find the value of ending inventory using the average-cost method on July 31 with 240 units on hand.
1: Calculate the total number of units and the total cost.
July 1 beginning inventory: 144 units at $19 = $2,736
July 7 purchases: 504 units at $20 = $10,080
July 22 purchases: 72 units at $22 = $1,584
Total units = 144 + 504 + 72 = 720 units
Total cost = $2,736 + $10,080 + $1,584 = $14,400
2: Calculate the average cost per unit.
Average cost per unit = Total cost / Total units = $14,400 / 720 = $20
3: Determine the value of ending inventory.
Since there are 240 units on hand on July 31, we can find the value of ending inventory by multiplying the average cost per unit by the number of units on hand.
Value of ending inventory = 240 units * $20 = $4,800
Therefore, the value of ending inventory, using the average-cost method, on July 31 is $4,800.
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Sharon has a 2,800 square foot home with an additional 1,200 square foot basement. She is an artist and uses the basement exclusively as her painting studio. Sharon can deduct ___% of the direct expenses of her basement studio and ___% of the indirect costs from maintaining and using her home as a home office deduction. (Enter your answers as whole numbers.)
Answer:
To determine the percentage of direct and indirect expenses that Sharon can deduct, we need to know the portion of the home that the basement studio occupies.
The total square footage of Sharon's home and basement is 2,800 + 1,200 = 4,000 square feet.
The portion of the home used for business purposes is the 1,200 square foot basement studio, so:
Percentage of direct expenses: 100%
Percentage of indirect expenses: 30%
The IRS allows taxpayers to deduct 100% of direct expenses, such as the cost of paint and supplies used exclusively in the basement studio. Indirect expenses, such as utilities, rent, mortgage interest, and property taxes, can be deducted based on the percentage of the home used for business purposes.
In this case, the basement studio represents 1,200/4,000 = 0.3 or 30% of the home's total square footage, so Sharon can deduct 30% of the indirect expenses associated with maintaining and using her home as a home office.
Explanation:
Sharon can deduct 100% of the direct expenses of her basement studio, such as the cost of painting supplies and equipment. However, she can only deduct a percentage of the indirect costs from maintaining and using her home as a home office deduction.
This percentage is based on the percentage of her home's total square footage that the basement studio occupies. In this case, the basement studio occupies 1,200 square feet out of a total of 4,000 square feet (2,800 for the home and 1,200 for the basement), which means it occupies 30% of the total square footage.
Therefore, Sharon can deduct 30% of the indirect costs from maintaining and using her home as a home office deduction. These indirect costs may include things like utilities, rent/mortgage interest, property taxes, and home insurance.
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property insurance companies require you to show (proof of loss | a personal property inventory) when making a claim.
Yes, property insurance companies typically require policyholders to provide proof of loss or a personal property inventory when making a claim.
Proof of loss
Proof of loss is documentation that shows the value and extent of the loss or damage suffered, and may include things like receipts, photographs, and repair estimates.
A personal property inventory is a detailed list of all of your belongings and their estimated value, which can be helpful in calculating your claim and ensuring that you receive adequate compensation for your losses. Providing this information to your insurance company can help ensure that your claim is processed quickly and accurately, and that you receive the full amount of coverage you are entitled to under your policy.A "proof of loss" is a formal, written statement provided by the policyholder to the insurance company. This statement should contain information about the property damage or loss, including the date, cause, and the extent of the damage or loss. The policyholder must submit this proof within a specified time period after the loss occurs, as per the terms of their insurance policy.A "personal property inventory" is a detailed list of all personal items within the insured property. This list should include a description, the quantity, and the value of each item. The personal property inventory serves as evidence of the items that were damaged or lost during the covered event. Providing this inventory helps the insurance company to accurately assess the claim and determine the appropriate compensation.
To summarize, when making a property insurance claim, you need to show both proof of loss and a personal property inventory to support your claim and ensure a fair settlement.
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Of the four capital budgeting methods, which two reflect the time value of money?1. payback period2. net present value3. accounting rate of return4. internal rate of return
Of the four capital budgeting methods that reflect the time value of money are Net Present Value (NPV) and Internal Rate of Return (IRR). The correct option is A and D.
1. Payback Period: This method calculates the time it takes for an investment to recoup its initial cost. It does not account for the time value of money.
2. Net Present Value (NPV): This method calculates the present value of cash inflows and outflows associated with an investment, discounting them by a specified rate. By doing so, it accounts for the time value of money and indicates the net value of the investment.
3. Accounting Rate of Return (ARR): This method calculates the average annual accounting profit as a percentage of the initial investment. It does not consider the time value of money.
4. Internal Rate of Return (IRR): This method calculates the discount rate at which the NPV of an investment becomes zero. By considering the discount rate, it takes into account the time value of money.
In summary, Net Present Value (NPV) and Internal Rate of Return (IRR) are the two capital budgeting methods that reflect the time value of money. Both methods consider the present value of cash flows, helping businesses make more informed investment decision,
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COMPLETE QUESTION:
Of the four capital budgeting methods, which two reflect the time value of money?
1. payback period
2. net present value
3. accounting rate of return
4. internal rate of return
What would the gasoline price elasticity of supply mean to UPS or FedEx?
if the gasoline supply were more elastic, meaning suppliers could quickly increase production in response to a price increase, it could help keep fuel costs down for UPS and FedEx, allowing them to operate more efficiently and potentially increase their profits.
Gasoline price refers to the price at which gasoline or petrol, a fuel commonly used in automobiles and other vehicles, is sold to consumers. Gasoline prices can vary widely based on a variety of factors, including global oil prices, supply and demand, government taxes and subsidies, and transportation costs. In some countries, gasoline prices may be regulated by the government, while in others they may be determined by the market. Changes in gasoline prices can have a significant impact on consumer behavior and overall economic activity, as they affect the cost of transportation and the prices of goods and services that rely on transportation.
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45. "Desirable behaviour" as a development strategy includes reinforcing all of the following except:
A. proper leadership style.
B. conflict resolution techniques.
C. appropriate types of communication.
D. knowledge and expertise.
E. interactions with customers.
"Desirable behavior" is a development strategy that aims to encourage and reinforce positive behaviors in individuals or groups. This approach is often used in organizational development to promote a positive work environment and enhance employee performance.
This means that knowledge and expertise are not considered as part of the desirable behavior that needs to be reinforced.Proper leadership style, conflict resolution techniques, appropriate types of communication, and interactions with customers are all examples of desirable behaviors that organizations should promote and reinforce. Let's take a closer look at each of these behaviors.
1. Proper leadership style: Leaders play a critical role in shaping the culture and values of an organization. A proper leadership style includes being a good role model, setting clear expectations, providing feedback and support, and empowering employees to take ownership of their work. By reinforcing these behaviors, organizations can create a positive and productive work environment.
2. Conflict resolution techniques: Conflict is a natural part of any workplace, but it can also be detrimental to productivity and morale if not managed properly. Desirable behaviors related to conflict resolution include active listening, empathy, problem-solving, and compromise. By reinforcing these behaviors, organizations can promote healthy communication and teamwork.
3. Appropriate types of communication: Effective communication is essential for any organization to function well. Desirable behaviors related to communication include clarity, respect, active listening, and openness to feedback. By reinforcing these behaviors, organizations can ensure that everyone is on the same page and working towards common goals.
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84. Orientation programs are an occasion to communicate the culture of an organization. True False
True, Orientation programs are a crucial part of welcoming new employees and introducing them to the culture of the organization they are joining.
The program serves as a platform to communicate the values, beliefs, goals, and expectations of the organization, and helps new employees understand the organization's vision and mission.
Orientation programs also provide an opportunity for new employees to get to know their colleagues and start building relationships, which are essential to fostering a positive and productive work environment. Through orientation programs, new employees can also learn about the organizational structure, policies, procedures, and resources available to them, which helps them navigate their work effectively.
Moreover, the culture of an organization is an essential aspect of its identity, and it shapes how employees interact with each other and the organization's stakeholders. Therefore, communicating the culture of an organization through orientation programs helps to align new employees' expectations with the organization's values and helps to create a cohesive and collaborative work environment.
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deacon company provided the following information for its first year of operations (data in millions of dollars): pretax accounting income: $ 280 pretax accounting income included: overweight fines (not deductible for tax purposes) 10 depreciation expense 69 depreciation in the tax return 102 the applicable tax rate is 25%. there are no other temporary or permanent differences. calculate deacon company's taxable income, in millions.
Deacon Company's taxable income for the year is $80.75 million. Taxable income refers to the amount of income that is subject to taxation by the government.
Deacon Company's taxable income is calculated as follows:
Pretax accounting income = $280 million
Overweight fines (not deductible for tax purposes) = $10 million
Depreciation expense = $69 million
Depreciation in the tax return = $102 million
Tax rate = 25%
To calculate taxable income, we need to start with the pretax accounting income and adjust it for the items that are either not deductible for tax purposes or are deducted differently for tax purposes than for accounting purposes.
In this case, the overweight fines of $10 million are not deductible for tax purposes, so we need to add that back to the pretax accounting income.
On the other hand, the depreciation expense for accounting purposes is $69 million, while the depreciation for tax purposes is $102 million, which means we need to add $33 million back to the pretax accounting income.
The calculation of taxable income is as follows:
Pretax accounting income = $280 million
Add back overweight fines = $10 million
Add back difference in depreciation = $33 million
Taxable income = $323 million x 25% = $80.75 million
Therefore, Deacon Company's taxable income for the year is $80.75 million.
In summary, taxable income is calculated by adjusting the pretax accounting income for items that are either not deductible for tax purposes or are deducted differently for tax purposes than for accounting purposes.
Once the taxable income is calculated, it is multiplied by the applicable tax rate to determine the tax liability.
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114. As the learning curve indicates, learning is not linear but takes place in bursts separated by plateaus. True False
During these plateaus, learners are often consolidating knowledge and skills before experiencing another burst of learning. Learning does indeed occur in bursts separated by plateaus, as indicated by the learning curve, making the statement true.
The correct alternative is True. The learning curve shows that learning is not a linear process and there are periods of rapid improvement followed by plateaus where progress is not as significant. This pattern can be observed in various fields such as language learning, sports training, and skill acquisition. this phenomenon is that our brains need time to consolidate new information and skills, and the plateaus allow for this process to occur. Therefore, it is important to continue practicing and persevering through the plateaus to achieve long-term progress. In conclusion, the statement that learning is not linear but takes place in bursts separated by plateaus is true.
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suppose that the marginal product of labor for a local bakery is 108 units per day and the price of labor is $4 per day. instructions: enter your answers as a whole number. a. what does the least-cost rule say that the ratio of the marginal product of capital to the price of capital should be? b. now suppose that the marginal product of labor is 108 units per day, the price of labor is $4 per day, and the price of capital is $2 per day. what does the least-cost rule say that the marginal product of capital should be?
The least-cost rule says that the marginal product of capital should be 54 units per day.
What is the least-cost rule and how can it be used to determine the optimal combination of inputs for a firm?The least-cost rule states that the ratio of the marginal product of capital to the price of capital should be equal to the ratio of the marginal product of labor to the price of labor.
In equation form, it can be expressed as:
Marginal Product of Capital / Price of Capital = Marginal Product of Labor / Price of Labor
Substituting the given values, we get:
Marginal Product of Capital / Price of Capital = 108 / 4
Simplifying the right-hand side, we get:
Marginal Product of Capital / Price of Capital = 27
Therefore, the ratio of the marginal product of capital to the price of capital should be 27.
Using the least-cost rule, we can find the marginal product of capital that would minimize the bakery's total costs.From the least-cost rule, we know that:
Marginal Product of Capital / Price of Capital = Marginal Product of Labor / Price of Labor
Substituting the given values, we get:
Marginal Product of Capital / 2 = 108 / 4
Simplifying the right-hand side, we get:
Marginal Product of Capital / 2 = 27
Multiplying both sides by 2, we get:
Marginal Product of Capital = 54
Therefore, the least-cost rule says that the marginal product of capital should be 54 units per day.
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Sky-High Skywriters temporarily reduces its price when a new firm called The Sky's the Limit Skywriting enters the industry. Sky-High Skywriters is practicing
Multiple Choice
Retaliation.
Price leadership.
Predatory pricing.
Cartel pricing.
The correct answer is "Retaliation."
Retaliation refers to a competitive strategy where a firm responds to a competitor's actions by taking similar or more aggressive actions.
In this case, Sky-High Skywriters is reducing its prices temporarily in response to the entry of The Sky's the Limit Skywriting in order to maintain or increase its market share. This strategy is a form of retaliation against the new entrant.
Price leadership is a strategy where one firm sets the price for a product or service and other firms in the industry follow that price. Predatory pricing involves setting prices so low that competitors are forced out of the market.
Cartel pricing is a strategy where firms collude to set prices and reduce competition. None of these strategies are being practiced by Sky-High Skywriters in this scenario.
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5 They operated a multimillion dollar ..... intended to corrupt government officials.
"They operated a multimillion dollar scheme intended to corrupt government officials." This refers to a scheme where individuals or a group of people attempted to bribe or influence government officials in exchange for personal gain.
To provide a more detailed explanation, operating a multimillion dollar scheme means that a significant amount of money was involved in the corruption attempt. The intention to corrupt government officials suggests that the scheme was aimed at gaining access to confidential information, getting preferential treatment, or influencing decisions that would benefit the corrupt individuals or their associates.
Operating a multimillion dollar scheme to corrupt government officials is a serious crime that undermines the integrity of public institutions and the trust of citizens in their government. It is important for authorities to investigate and prosecute such schemes to ensure that justice is served and to deter others from engaging in similar activities.
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The requirement that food labels reveal the trans-fat levels of foods reflects the influence of the political and regulatory environment.
TrueFalse
True. The requirement that food labels reveal the trans-fat levels of foods reflects the influence of the political and regulatory environment
The requirement that food labels reveal the trans-fat levels of foods is an example of how the political and regulatory environment can influence business practices. Trans fats have been linked to a range of health problems, including heart disease, and in response, government agencies such as the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) have taken steps to regulate their use in food products. One of these steps has been to require that food labels disclose the amount of trans fats in a given product.
This regulation reflects the influence of the political and regulatory environment on business practices. Government agencies have the power to establish and enforce regulations that impact the operations of businesses in various industries, including the food industry. These regulations can be influenced by a range of factors, including public health concerns, consumer advocacy, and political pressures.
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explain validity as an advantage of participant observation
Participant observation is a research method in which the researcher becomes a part of the group being studied, immersing themselves in the group's activities and culture to better understand their behavior and experiences. Validity refers to the degree to which a study accurately measures what it intends to measure.
One advantage of participant observation is that it can increase the validity of a study. By actively participating in the group being studied, the researcher gains a more complete understanding of the group's experiences and perspectives. This can lead to a more accurate and comprehensive portrayal of the group's behavior and culture. In traditional research methods, such as surveys or interviews, participants may not provide accurate information due to social desirability bias or the desire to present themselves in a certain way. However, in participant observation, the researcher can observe the group's behavior in its natural setting without the influence of these biases. Additionally, participant observation allows the researcher to gather rich qualitative data, including detailed descriptions of behaviors and interactions, which can enhance the validity of the study. This type of data can be difficult to obtain through other research methods. Overall, the advantage of increased validity in participant observation can lead to more accurate and comprehensive insights into the behavior and experiences of the group being studied.
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As long as you paraphrase (versus quote) the information you find during your research, you do not have to give credit to the original source.
a. true
b. false
The answer is b. false. Even if you paraphrase the information you find during your research, you still have to give credit to the original source. Paraphrasing means using your own words to restate the information you have read or heard.
It is not enough to simply change a few words and call it your own work. You need to provide proper citations to acknowledge the original author and source of the information. The reason why it is important to give credit to the original source is to avoid plagiarism. Plagiarism is the act of using someone else's work without giving proper credit or permission. It is considered academic dishonesty and can have serious consequences, including failing a class or even expulsion from school.
In addition, giving credit to the original source is also a way to show respect for the author's work and for the field of research. By acknowledging the sources that have contributed to your own work, you demonstrate your understanding of the topic and your ability to use credible and reliable sources. In summary, paraphrasing does not exempt you from giving credit to the original source. Proper citations are necessary to avoid plagiarism and to acknowledge the contribution of others to your own work.
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Assume that banks hold no excess reserves and that all currency is deposited into the banking system. If the required reserve ratio is 25.00%, and the Federal Reserve wants to decrease the money supply by $70.00 million, the Fed would need to make an open market sale of $________ million. (Insert your answer in millions, and round to two decimal places.)Suppose that banks decide to hold excess reserves. In order for the Federal Reserve to change the money supply by the same amounts as in parts 1 and 2, it would need to makeChoose one:A. a larger open market purchase and a larger open market sale.B. a smaller open market purchase but a larger open market sale.C. a larger open market purchase but a smaller open market sale.D. a smaller open market purchase and a smaller open market sale.
In order for the Federal Reserve to change the money supply by the same amounts as in parts 1 and 2, it would need to make: a larger open market purchase and a larger open market sale. The correct answer is A.
To find the amount of open market sale needed to decrease the money supply by $70 million, we will use the money multiplier formula. The money multiplier is calculated as 1 / required reserve ratio. In this case, the required reserve ratio is 25.00%, or 0.25.
Step 1: Calculate the money multiplier:
Money multiplier = 1 / 0.25 = 4
Step 2: Calculate the open market sale amount:
Decrease in money supply = Open market sale amount × Money multiplier
$70 million = Open market sale amount × 4
Step 3: Solve for the open market sale amount:
Open market sale amount = $70 million / 4 = $17.50 million
If banks decide to hold excess reserves, the money multiplier would decrease. This is because the amount of money created through loans would be smaller, as banks are holding onto more reserves.
In order for the Federal Reserve to change the money supply by the same amounts as before, it would need to make a larger open market purchase and a larger open market sale.
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Complete question:
Assume that banks hold no excess reserves and that all currency is deposited into the banking system. If the required reserve ratio is 25.00%, and the Federal Reserve wants to decrease the money supply by $70.00 million, the Fed would need to make an open market sale of $________ million. (Insert your answer in millions, and round to two decimal places.)Suppose that banks decide to hold excess reserves. In order for the Federal Reserve to change the money supply by the same amounts as in parts 1 and 2, it would need to makeChoose one:
A. a larger open market purchase and a larger open market sale.
B. a smaller open market purchase but a larger open market sale.
C. a larger open market purchase but a smaller open market sale.
D. a smaller open market purchase and a smaller open market sale.