The constant engine power required to accelerate the car from rest to 29 m/s in 6 seconds is 303.65 kW.
To calculate the power required to accelerate a car, we need to use the formula:
Power = (1/2) × mass × velocity² ÷ time
Mass of the car = 1190 kg
Final velocity = 29 m/s
Time taken to reach final velocity = 6 seconds
we substitute the given values in the formula:
Power = (1/2) × mass × velocity² ÷ time
Power = (1/2) × 1190 × (29)² ÷ 6
Power = 303645 watts or 303.65 kilowatts (kW)
Some amount of energy is lost due to friction, air resistance, and other factors, which would increase the power required to accelerate the car.
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Lightning is to thunder as lunch is to: a. Appetizer b. Breakfast c. Soda d. Dinner
Answer:
Lightning precedes Thunder (about 5 sec /mile)
Lunch precedes Dinner
(D) appears to be correct
Earth's sky is blue during the day because:a. the molecules in the atmosphere scatter blue wavelengths of lightb. the atmosphere absorbs blue wavelengths of lightc. the sun produces more blue wavelengths than it produces in any other colord. red wavelengths are lost as solar radiation passes through the vacuum of space
The molecules in the Earth's atmosphere scatter blue wavelengths of light, making the sky appear blue during the day. The correct answer is a.
This phenomenon is known as Rayleigh scattering, which occurs when sunlight enters the Earth's atmosphere and interacts with the gas molecules in the air. The shorter, blue wavelengths of light are more easily scattered by the molecules in the atmosphere, while the longer, red wavelengths are less affected and continue to travel in a more direct path.
As a result, when we look up at the sky during the day, we see a blue color because the blue light is being scattered in all directions by the atmosphere. At sunrise and sunset, the sky appears more orange or red because the sun's light has to travel through more of the atmosphere, causing more scattering of the shorter, blue wavelengths and leaving more of the longer, red wavelengths to reach our eyes.
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A bowling ball has a surface area of about 232 square inches. Find the radius of the bowling ball.
The radius of the bowling ball is approximately 7.65 inches.
We can use the formula for the surface area of a sphere to find the radius of the bowling ball:
Surface area of a sphere = 4πr²
where r is the radius of the sphere.
In this problem, we are given the surface area of a bowling ball, which is 232 square inches. We can use this information and the formula for surface area of a sphere to solve for the radius of the ball. Plugging this value into the formula, we get:
232 = 4πr²
Dividing both sides by 4π, we get:
r² = 58.5
Taking the square root of both sides, we get:
r ≈ 7.65 inches
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how far from a 30- cm -focal-length lens should you place an object to get an upright image magnified by a factor of 1.4?
The object should be placed 75 cm away from the lens to get an upright image magnified by a factor of 1.4.
To determine how far from a 30-cm-focal-length lens an object should be placed to get an upright image magnified by a factor of 1.4, we can use the formula for magnification: M = -di/do,
where M is the magnification, di is the distance of the image from the lens, and do is the distance of the object from the lens.
Since we want an upright image, the magnification should be positive, so we need to place the object on the same side of the lens as the image. Therefore, we can rearrange the formula to solve for do: do = di/M.
Given a magnification of 1.4, we know that M = 1.4. To find di, we can use the thin lens equation: 1/f = 1/do + 1/di, where f is the focal length of the lens. Rearranging this equation to solve for di, we get: di = f/(1 - f/do).
Substituting f = 30 cm and M = 1.4 into the equations, we get:
di = 30/(1 - 30/do)
1.4 = -di/do
Solving these equations simultaneously, we get do = 75 cm and di = 105 cm.
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calculate the final speed of a 110-kg rugby player who is initially running at 8.00 m/s but collides head-on with a padded goalpost and experiences a backward force of for
The final speed of an object can be calculated using the formula:
v = v0 + at, where v0 is the initial velocity of the object, a is the constant acceleration, and t is the time taken to travel a certain distance.
Acceleration is defined as the rate of change of velocity over time, which means it determines how quickly the velocity of an object changes. If the acceleration is positive, the object's velocity will increase, and if it is negative, the object's velocity will decrease.
Adding this change in velocity to the initial velocity gives us the final velocity of the object.
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--The complete question is, What is the formula to calculate the final speed of an object, given its initial velocity, acceleration, and the time it takes to travel a certain distance? --
to resolve two point sources, what distribution of cones must occur where the image strikes the retina?
The distribution of cones at the point of image formation is crucial in resolving two point sources
To resolve two point sources, a distribution of cones must occur where the image strikes the retina. Cones are responsible for color vision and high acuity vision, making them essential for resolving fine details such as two point sources.
In order for the brain to distinguish between two closely spaced points, each point must stimulate different cones. This can be achieved by having a distribution of cones at the point of image formation.
The cones should be spaced closely together to ensure that each point is detected by separate cones. The density of cones in the fovea, the area of the retina responsible for high acuity vision, is highest, allowing for the greatest resolution of point sources. .
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after the switch s is closed, what will be the current in the circuit at the instant that the capacitors have lost 80.0% of their initial stored energy?
After switch S is closed, the capacitors in the circuit start to discharge.
The initial stored energy in the capacitors is given by [tex]1/2*C*V^2[/tex],
where C is the capacitance of the capacitors and V is the initial voltage across them.
As the capacitors discharge, the voltage across them decreases and so does the stored energy.
When the capacitors have lost 80.0% of their initial stored energy, the voltage across them will be 0.447 times the initial voltage.
At this point, the current in the circuit can be calculated using Ohm's law, which states that the current is equal to the voltage divided by the total resistance of the circuit.
Therefore, the current in the circuit at this point can be calculated as I = V/R, where V is the voltage across the capacitors and R is the total resistance of the circuit.
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if a solid sphere and a spherical shell with the same radius and mass roll down a frictionless ranp which one will land farther?
A solid sphere and a spherical shell with the same radius and mass rolling down a frictionless ramp will land farther is solid sphere
The moment of inertia of a solid sphere is (2/5)mr^2, while that of a spherical shell is (2/3)mr^2, where m is the mass and r is the radius. When rolling down the ramp, these objects convert potential energy into kinetic energy, which includes both translational and rotational components. The total kinetic energy of a rolling object is K = (1/2)mv^2 + (1/2)Iω^2, where v is the linear velocity, ω is the angular velocity, and I is the moment of inertia.
Since the solid sphere has a lower moment of inertia, it is more efficient at converting potential energy into translational kinetic energy. This results in the solid sphere reaching a higher linear velocity than the spherical shell, causing it to reach the bottom of the ramp more quickly and land farther compared to the spherical shell. A solid sphere and a spherical shell with the same radius and mass rolling down a frictionless ramp will land farther is solid sphere.
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the value of the total radiant energy flux density at the earth from the sun normal to the incident rays is called the solar constant of the earth. the observed value integrated over all emission wavelengths and referred to the mean earth-sun distance is:
The observed value of the total radiant energy flux density at the earth from the sun, integrated over all emission wavelengths and referred to the mean earth-sun distance, is approximately 1,366 watts per square meter.
This value is known as the solar constant and is an important factor in understanding the earth's climate and energy balance. It represents the amount of solar energy that is received per unit area at the top of the earth's atmosphere and is a key input for models of global climate change.
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a 900 n crate slides 12 meters down a ramp that makes an angle of 35 degrees with the horizontal. if the crate slides at a constant speed, how much thermal energy is produced? that is, how much negative work does force of friction do? give your answer in kilojoules.
The thermal energy produced by friction is equal to the magnitude of this work, or 60.8 kJ.
The work done by friction is equal to the change in the kinetic energy of the crate, which is zero because it slides down the ramp at a constant speed. Therefore, the friction force does negative work equal in magnitude to the work done by the gravitational force on the crate:
W_friction = -W_gravity
where
W_gravity = mgh
and h is the vertical distance that the crate slides down the ramp:
h = 12 sin 35° = 6.93 m
Thus,
W_friction = -mgh = -(900 N)(6.93 m)(9.81 m/s^2) = -60.8 kJ
The negative sign indicates that the work done by friction is in the opposite direction to the displacement of the crate, which is down the ramp. The thermal energy produced by friction is equal to the magnitude of this work, or 60.8 kJ.
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1.0 0.89 a student is asked to perform experiment 1, but with a spring of an unknown spring constant. the student performs four trials of the experiment with blocks of different mass and collects the data that are shown in the table. how should the student graphically analyze the data in order to determine the spring constant of the spring?
To determine the spring constant of the unknown spring, the student should graphically analyze the data by plotting the force applied to the spring (calculated as the product of the mass and acceleration due to gravity) on the y-axis and the displacement of the spring on the x-axis.
This should result in a linear relationship, as described by Hooke's Law (F=kx). The slope of the line will represent the spring constant (k). The student should perform linear regression on the data to determine the slope of the line and therefore the spring constant. It is important to perform multiple trials and calculate the average spring constant to ensure accuracy. Given the data provided, the slope of the line should be equal to the spring constant, which can be calculated using any graphing software or manually plotting the data on a graph.
*complete question; A student is asked to perform an experiment about springs, but with a spring of an unknown spring constant. the student performs four trials of the experiment with blocks of different mass and collects the data that are shown in the table. how should the student graphically analyze the data in order to determine the spring constant of the spring?
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How much heat does it take to raise the temperature of 5.0 kg of plastic from 15°C to 75°C? The specific heat of plastic is 2.60 kJ/(kg × °C).
where
m is the mass
c is the specific heat capacity
ΔT is the change in temperature
In your problem,
m=2.5 kg
c=2.60 kJ⋅°C-1kg-1
Δ
∴ q=2.5kg×2.60 kJ⋅°C-1⋅kg-1×60°C=390 kJ
true or false: the quantities di and do are measured from the focal point of a lens or mirror. group of answer choices true false
The given statement "The quantities di and do are measured from the focal point of a lens or mirror" is false because they are measured from the vertex of a lens or mirror.
The object distance is the separation between the object and the mirror's point of incidence. The distance between the mirror's point of incidence and the location where the image is created is known as the image distance.
The vertex is the geometric center of the mirror. Midway between the vertex and the center of curvature is a point known as the focal point; the focal point is denoted by the letter F in the diagram. The distance from the vertex to the center of curvature is known as the radius of curvature (abbreviated by "R").
The quantities di (image distance) and do (object distance) are measured from the vertex of a lens or mirror, not from the focal point. The vertex is the point where the principal axis intersects the surface of the lens or mirror.
Therefore, the given statement is false.
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Please if anyone could help with this assignment im really struggling
The system diagram shows the box being pushed by Gabrielle and Pierre and the force of friction acting against the box. The free-body diagram shows all the forces acting on the box, including the forces exerted by Gabrielle and Pierre, the force of friction, and the weight of the box.
How to explain the forceThe net horizontal force on the box is the vector sum of all the forces acting in the horizontal direction. The forces in opposite directions are subtracted from each other to get the net force.
The net vertical force on the box is the vector sum of all the forces acting in the vertical direction. The forces in opposite directions are subtracted from each other to get the net force.
Fnet(vertical) = Fweight
Fnet(vertical) = m * g
Fnet(vertical) = 52 kg * 9.81 m/s^2
Fnet(vertical) = 510.12 N
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by what factor does the speed of each object change if total work -12 j is done on each? express your answer to two significant figures.
a) Object B has one-quarter the mass of Object A but the same amount of kinetic energy. Therefore, Object B must be moving faster than Object A, as it has less mass to carry the same amount of energy.
b) The kinetic energy of an object is given by:
KE = (1/2)[tex]mv^2[/tex]
where m is the mass of the object and v is its velocity. We are given that Object A has 24 J of kinetic energy, so we can write:
24 J = (1/2)m_av_[tex]a^2[/tex]
Similarly, Object B also has 24 J of kinetic energy, but with one-quarter the mass of Object A:
24 J = (1/2)(1/4)m_av[tex]_b^2[/tex]
Simplifying, we get:
v_b/v_a = sqrt(2)
Therefore, the ratio of the speeds of Object A and Object B is sqrt(2) to 1, or approximately 1.41 to 1.
c) From the work-energy theorem, we know that the work done on an object is equal to its change in kinetic energy:
W = ΔKE
If a total work of -12 J is done on each object, we can write:
-12 J = ΔKE
Using the equation for kinetic energy, we can write:
-12 J = (1/2)m_av_[tex]a^2[/tex] - (1/2)m_av_{ai[tex]}^2[/tex]
Simplifying, we get:
-24 J = m_av_a^2 - m_av_{ai[tex]}^2[/tex]
Since we are interested in the ratio of the final and initial speeds, we can divide both sides by (1/2)m_av_{ai}[tex]^2:[/tex]
-48 = (v_[tex]a^2[/tex]/v_{ai[tex]}^2[/tex]) - 1
Solving for the ratio of the final and initial speeds:
v_a/v_{ai} = sqrt(47)
Therefore, the speed of each object changes by a factor of approximately sqrt(47) if a total work of -12 J is done on each object.
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Full Question ;
Object A Has 24 J Of Kinetic Energy. Object B Has One-Quarter The Mass Of Object A. A)If Object B Also Has 24 J Of Kinetic Energy, Is It Moving Faster Or Slower Than Object A? B)Find The Ratio Of The Speeds Of Objects A And B. C)By What Factor Does The Speed Of Each Object Change If Total Work -12 J Is Done On Each?
Object A has 24 J of kinetic energy. Object B has one-quarter the mass of object A.
a)If object B also has 24 J of kinetic energy, is it moving faster or slower than object A?
b)Find the ratio of the speeds of objects A and B.
c)By what factor does the speed of each object change if total work -12 J is done on each?
mine C contient 1000 mg
d'acide ascorbique. Il
se prend dans un verre
d'eau de 20 CL.
1. Une orange contient
115 mg d'acide ascorbique. Combien faut-il d'oranges
pour obtenir la même masse d'acide ascorbique que
le comprimé ?
2. Il faut environ trois oranges pour obtenir 200 mL de
jus. Quelle est la concentration en acide ascorbique
du jus d'orange ?
3. Quel volume de la solution obtenue avec le comprimé
dans le verre contient la même masse d'acide ascor-
bique que ces trois oranges ?
4. Quel volume d'eau faut-il ajouter au verre contenant
le comprimé pour obtenir la même concentration en
acide ascorbique que le jus d'orange ?
Answer:
Explanation: honestly i don’t speak spanish so please explain with english
how many kilograms of nickel must be added to 5.66 kg of copper to yield a liquidus temperature of 1200c? how many kilograms of nickel must be added to 2.43 kg of copper to yield a solidus temperature of 1300c?
We need to add 2.429 kg of nickel to 5.66 kg of copper to reach a liquidus temperature of 1200c.
We need to add 3.24 kg of nickel to 2.43 kg of copper to reach a solidus temperature of 1300c.
To determine how many kilograms of nickel must be added to 5.66 kg of copper to yield a liquidus temperature of 1200c, we need to use the binary phase diagram of the copper-nickel system.
We understand that at 1200c, the liquidus line intersects with the 70%Cu-30%Ni composition. This means that to reach the liquidus temperature at 1200c, we need to have a composition of 70%Cu-30%Ni.
To calculate the amount of nickel needed, we can use the following formula:
mass of nickel = (mass of copper) x (percentage of nickel needed - a percentage of nickel in copper) / (percentage of nickel in nickel - percentage of nickel in copper)
Substituting the values, we get:
mass of nickel = (5.66 kg) x (30% - 0%) / (30% - 100%)
mass of nickel = (5.66 kg) x (0.3) / (-0.7)
mass of nickel = 2.429 kg
Therefore, we need to add 2.429 kg of nickel to 5.66 kg of copper to reach a liquidus temperature of 1200c.
Similarly, to find out how many kilograms of nickel must be added to 2.43 kg of copper to yield a solidus temperature of 1300c, we need to look at the solidus line on the binary phase diagram. From the diagram, we can see that at 1300c, the solidus line intersects with the 20%Cu-80%Ni composition.
Using the same formula as before, we get:
mass of nickel = (mass of copper) x (percentage of nickel needed - percentage of nickel in copper) / (percentage of nickel in nickel - percentage of nickel in copper)
Substituting the values, we get:
mass of nickel = (2.43 kg) x (80% - 0%) / (80% - 20%)
mass of nickel = (2.43 kg) x (0.8) / (0.6)
mass of nickel = 3.24 kg
Therefore, we need to add 3.24 kg of nickel to 2.43 kg of copper to reach a solidus temperature of 1300c.
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If 5.4 J of work is done in raising a 178 g apple, how far is it lifted? Assume
9 = 9.81 m/s?.
Answer in units of m. Answer in units of m.
Answer: The apple is lifted approximately 0.1232 m (rounded to four decimal places).
Explanation: To find the distance the apple is lifted, we can use the formula for work: work = force x distance.
The force required to lift the apple is equal to the weight of the apple, which can be calculated using the formula:
weight = mass x acceleration due to gravity.
we have work = weight x distance, 5.4 J = (0.178 kg x 9.81 m/s^2) x distance.
Solving for distance, we get a distance ≈ of 0.1232 m (rounded to four decimal places).
Here is an article on work, force, and distance in physics: https://byjus.com/physics/work-energy-power/#:~:text=The%20work%20done%20by%20a,only%20magnitude%20and%20no%20direction.
the amount of infrared energy emitted from jupiter is about twice as great as the amount of sunlight the planet absorbs. what is the significance of this discrepancy?
The discrepancy between the amount of infrared energy emitted by Jupiter and the sunlight it absorbs is significant as it highlights the planet's internal heat generation processes, which have a profound impact on its atmospheric dynamics and weather patterns.
As Jupiter emits about twice as much infrared energy as it receives from the Sun, this indicates that the planet generates additional heat internally. The primary source of this internal heat generation is the gravitational contraction or the Kelvin-Helmholtz mechanism. This process occurs when the planet's gravitational force causes it to slowly contract, which in turn converts gravitational potential energy into thermal energy. This results in an increase in the planet's temperature and the emission of infrared radiation.
Another contributing factor is the presence of trace amounts of radioactive isotopes within Jupiter's composition. The radioactive decay of these isotopes releases additional heat, further contributing to the planet's overall temperature. This internal heat generation has important implications for Jupiter's atmospheric dynamics, weather patterns, and the behavior of its various layers. The excess heat drives powerful convection currents, creating storms and jet streams, as well as maintaining a thick, turbulent atmosphere.
In conclusion, the fact that Jupiter emits twice as much infrared radiation as it absorbs sunlight is significant for understanding the planet's internal dynamics, climate, and overall energy balance. It provides important insights into the complex and fascinating world of gas giant planets
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a tube with length of 40 cm, open at both ends, produces a fundamental tone with frequency of 420 hz. determine the second overtone.
The second overtone for this tube with a length of 40 cm and a fundamental frequency of 420 Hz is 1260 Hz.
To determine the second overtone for a tube open at both ends, we must first understand the fundamental frequency and its relationship with harmonics. In this case, the fundamental frequency (f1) is 420 Hz, and the tube length (L) is 40 cm.
For an open tube, the fundamental frequency is related to the speed of sound (v) and the length of the tube as follows:
f1 = v / (2 * L)
The second overtone is the third harmonic (f3) for an open tube. The frequency of the third harmonic can be determined by:
f3 = 3 * f1
Using the given fundamental frequency:
f3 = 3 * 420 Hz
f3 = 1260 Hz
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what do you call a bar optic where there isn't an amount and it starts when pressure is applied and stops when it is released
The type of bar optic you are describing is commonly known as a "free flow pourer" or "free pour spout."
These types of pourers do not have a specific amount they dispense but instead rely on the bartender's skill to regulate the flow of liquid by applying and releasing pressure on the bottle. The flow of liquid stops when pressure is released, allowing for precise and controlled pouring.
Free flow pourers are commonly used in bars and restaurants to pour spirits, mixers, and other liquids into cocktails and drinks. They can come in a variety of sizes and materials, including plastic, metal, and silicone, and are easily replaceable when worn or damaged.
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imagine that two identical asteroids crashed into the same type of rocks on the surface of the moon and earth. both impacts produce craters. how will the craters compare?
The crater on the moon will be more well-preserved than the crater on the Earth.
The main reason for this is the lack of atmosphere on the moon. On Earth, the atmosphere absorbs some of the energy from the impact, reducing the severity of the crater. Additionally, erosion from wind and water can also affect the appearance of the crater on Earth. On the moon, however, there is no atmosphere to absorb the energy from the impact, so the crater will retain its original shape and size for a longer period of time.
The moon also lacks the same degree of erosion processes as Earth. As a result, the craters formed on the moon are often well-preserved and can be used to study the history of impacts on the lunar surface.
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the world's strongest magnet can produce a steady field of 45 tesla. if a circular wire loop of radius 10.0 cm were held steady in this non-changing magnetic field what current would be induced in this loop? the world's strongest magnet can produce a steady field of 45 tesla. if a circular wire loop of radius 10.0 cm were held steady in this non-changing magnetic field what current would be induced in this loop? 1.41 amps 14.1 amps 0,45 amps no current would be induced.
No current would be induced in the loop if it was held steady in this non-changing magnetic field.
What current would be induced in this loop?The world's strongest magnet can produce a steady field of 45 teslas. If a circular wire loop of radius 10.0 cm were held steady in this non-changing magnetic field, no current would be induced in the loop. This is because the magnetic field is not changing and the loop is held steady, so there is no change in the magnetic flux through the loop. According to Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction, a current is induced only when there is a change in magnetic flux.
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when was the least gravitational potential energy stored between dana and earth? assume that dana's mass did not change. when she was at the bottom of the staircase when she was standing on the balcony when she was on the floor inside the window submit
Modern geologists have abandoned relative dating methods in favor of more precise absolute dating methods. True/False
False. Here is a step-by-step explanation:
1) Relative dating methods and absolute dating methods are two types of techniques used by geologists to determine the age of rocks and fossils.
2) Relative dating methods involve the study of the relationships between different geological formations and the relative order in which they were formed.
3) Absolute dating methods use radiometric techniques to determine the age of a rock or fossil based on the decay rate of radioactive isotopes.
4) Modern geologists use both relative and absolute dating methods, depending on the specific research question and the available data.
5) Relative dating methods are often used to establish a chronological framework for a geological sequence, based on the order in which events occurred.
6) For example, relative dating can be used to determine which geological events came first, second, third, and so on, in a particular area.
7) Absolute dating methods, on the other hand, are used to assign an actual age to a rock or fossil.
8) Absolute dating methods are generally more precise than relative dating methods, but they require the use of specialized equipment and techniques.
9) In many cases, geologists use both relative and absolute dating methods to establish a comprehensive understanding of the geologic history of a particular area.
10) Therefore, the statement that modern geologists have abandoned relative dating methods in favor of more precise absolute dating methods is false, as both methods are still widely used in the field of geology.
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what is the largest x-ray wavelength that can be diffracted by crystal planes with a separation of 0.316 nm?
The largest x-ray wavelength that can be diffracted by crystal planes with a separation of 0.316 nm is 0.632 nm.
To find the largest X-ray wavelength that can be diffracted by crystal planes with a separation of 0.316 nm, we can use Bragg's Law:
nλ = 2d sinθ
where n is an integer representing the order of diffraction, λ is the wavelength, d is the separation between crystal planes (0.316 nm), and θ is the angle of incidence. To find the largest possible wavelength, we need to consider the lowest order of diffraction (n = 1) and the maximum angle of incidence (θ = 90°).
Now we can plug in the values and solve for λ:
1λ = 2(0.316 nm) sin(90°)
λ = 2(0.316 nm) * 1
λ = 0.632 nm
The largest X-ray wavelength that can be diffracted by crystal planes is 0.632 nm.
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Stars begin life as a cloud of gas and dust. The birth of a star begins when a disturbance , such as the shock wave from a supernova, triggers the cloud of gas and dust to collapse inward. Would you expect the temperature at the center of the protostar to increase or decrease with time? Explain your reasoning.
The temperature at the center of the protostar would generally increase with time as it undergoes gravitational collapse.
When a cloud of gas and dust collapses under its own gravity, it releases potential energy, which is converted into thermal energy. This thermal energy causes the temperature at the center of the protostar to increase as the density of the gas and dust increases. As the temperature increases, the particles in the center of the protostar gain kinetic energy and begin to move more rapidly. This leads to an increase in the rate of collisions between particles, which further increases the temperature.
In addition, as the protostar continues to collapse, it becomes more massive, and the gravitational forces at its core become stronger. This causes the temperature at the center of the protostar to increase even further.
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The temperature at the core of the protostar increases, eventually reaching a point where nuclear fusion can begin, forming a new star
Explanation - As the cloud of gas and dust collapses inward, the gravitational force increases and causes the temperature at the center of the protostar to increase. This is because the particles in the cloud are moving closer together and colliding more frequently, which results in an increase in temperature. Additionally, as the protostar continues to collapse, it becomes more compact and the pressure and temperature continue to increase until the nuclear fusion process begins, marking the birth of a star. Therefore, I would expect the temperature at the center of the protostar to increase with time.
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018 10.0 points
A steam engine (assume a Carnot engine ) has
an efficiency of 73%.
If the waste heat has a temperature of 24◦C,
what is the temperature of the boiler?
Answer in units of ◦C.
A steam engine ( Carnot engine ) has an efficiency of 73%. If the waste heat has a temperature of 24◦C, the temperature of the boiler is 827.41°C.
What is the steam's minimum operating temperature?Both 121°C (250°F) and 132°C (270°F) are commonly used steam sterilising temperatures. For a short period of time, these temperatures (and other high temperatures) must be held in order to destroy microbes.
efficiency = 1 - (Temp_cold / Temp_hot)
Temp_cold = 24°C + 273.15 = 297.15 K
efficiency of 73%.= .73
Tem_hot = T_cold / (1 - efficiency)= 297.15 K / (1 - 0.73)
Tem_hot = 1100.56 K
Finally, by deducting 273.15, we may change the temperature of the hot reservoir back to Celsius:
Tem_hot = 1100.56 K - 273.15 = 827.41°C
hence, he temperature of the boiler is 827.41°C.
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air is trapped in a piston-cylinder arrangement. the air expands from a temperature of 60 c and pressure of 280 kpa to a pressure of 140 kpa. during the process, 30 kj/kg of work is done and 14 kj/kg 3 of heat is removed. the initial volume is 0.00878 m a. what is the mass of the air? . b. what is the temperature change during this process? c. what is the entropy change during this process? d. does the air gain or lose entropy during this process?
When the air expands
(a) The mass of the air is approximately 0.135 kg.
(b) The temperature change during the process is approximately -45.2 °C.
(c) The entropy change during the process is approximately -0.102 kJ/(K kg).
(d) The air loses entropy during this process.
When air expands from a temperature of 60 c and pressure of 280 kpa to a pressure of 140 kpa(a) what is the mass of the air?(b) what is temperature change?(c) what is entropy change?(d) does the air gain or lose entropy?(a) What is the mass of the air?
To determine the mass of air, we need to use the specific volume of air at the initial conditions:
v1 = V/m = 0.00878 m^3/kg
We can use the ideal gas law to find the specific volume at the final conditions:
P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2
where P1 = 280 kPa, T1 = 60°C + 273.15 = 333.15 K, P2 = 140 kPa, and V1 = 0.00878 m^3.
Solving for V2 gives:
V2 = V1(P1/P2)(T2/T1) = 0.01756 m^3/kg
The change in specific volume is:
Δv = V2 - V1 = 0.00878 m^3/kg
The work done on the system is given by:
W = mΔu = m(c_v ΔT) = 30 kJ/kg
where c_v is the specific heat at constant volume.
The heat removed from the system is given by:
Q = mΔh = m(c_p ΔT) = -14 kJ/kg
where c_p is the specific heat at constant pressure.
Using the specific heats of air, we can solve for the mass:
m = Q/(c_p ΔT) = -14/(1005 ΔT) = W/(c_v ΔT) = 30/(717 ΔT)
Solving for ΔT, we find:
ΔT = -14/(1005m) = 30/(717m)
Substituting the first equation into the second equation, we get:
ΔT = -14/(1005(30/(717ΔT))) = 30/(717(30/(717ΔT)))
Solving for ΔT gives:
ΔT = -0.041 K
Therefore, the mass of air is:
m = Q/(c_p ΔT) = -14/(1005(-0.041)) = 0.337 kg
(b) What is the temperature change during this process?
The temperature change during this process is ΔT = -0.041 K.
(c) What is the entropy change during this process?
The entropy change during this process can be calculated using the equation:
ΔS = (Q/T) + (W/T)
where T is the temperature in Kelvin.
Substituting the given values, we get:
ΔS = (-14/333.15) + (30/333.15) = 0.069 J/K
Therefore, the entropy change during this process is 0.069 J/K.
(d) Does the air gain or lose entropy during this process?
The air gains entropy during this process because ΔS is positive.
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what if? suppose one of the professors proctored the exam by traveling on spacecraft i and stopped the exam after 88.0 min elapsed on her clock. (c) for what time interval (in minutes) does the exam last as measured by the professors on spacecraft ii?