The doctrine of precedent: a. Requires a judge to decide an issue in a case based on the evidence b. Requires a judge to decide an issue in a case based on statutory law c. Requires a judge to decide an issue in a case based on previous rulings made in other analogous cases d. Requires a judge to decide an issue in a case based on principles of equity

Total bond interest expense over the bonds' life: Total bond interest expense = $170,771.10 . The Premium on Bonds Payable account is being reduced using the effective interest method.

The total bond interest expense can be calculated by subtracting the initial issue price from the sum of the bond's future cash flows discounted at the market rate:

Total bond interest expense = ($460,000 x 0.065 x 5) - $469,812 x 0.06 x[tex](1 + 0.06/2)^-2[/tex] + $460,000 x[tex](1 + 0.06/2)^-2[/tex]

Total bond interest expense = $170,771.10

Effective interest amortization table:

Date Beginning Carrying Value Interest Expense Amortization of Premium Ending Carrying Value

1/1/2020 $469,812.00   $469,812.00

6/30/2020 $471,034.32 $15,119.24 $860.08 $470,293.24

12/31/2020 $472,285.16 $15,119.24 $860.08 $471,534.32

6/30/2021 $473,556.72 $15,119.24 $860.08 $472,795.44

12/31/2021 $474,849.64 $15,119.24 $860.08 $474,056.56

6/30/2022 $476,164.47 $15,119.24 $860.08 $475,337.79

Journal entries to record the first two interest payments:

June 30, 2020:

Interest Expense 15,119.24

Premium on Bonds Payable 860.08

Cash 15,979.32

December 31, 2020:

Interest Expense 15,119.24

Premium on Bonds Payable 860.08

Cash 15,979.32

Learn more about Premium here:

https://brainly.com/question/7511249

#SPJ11

Corporations are able to take advantage of a tax deduction for charitable contributions, which can be a great way to give back to the community and reduce their taxable income.

The deduction is generally limited to 10 percent of the corporation's taxable income before taking the deduction. This means that corporations can use this as an incentive to make larger donations in order to receive the maximum benefit from their charitable giving.

By taking advantage of this deduction, corporations can reduce their overall tax burden while also making a positive impact on society.

To know more about taxable income refer here

https://brainly.com/question/17961582#

#SPJ11

When there is an increase in demand for stand-up paddleboards, demand for skilled paddleboard shapers rises as manufacturers and retailers require more shapers to meet demand, their marginal revenue product also rises, reflecting increased value of labor in production process.

When an increase in demand for stand-up paddleboards occurs, it positively impacts skilled paddleboard shapers and their marginal revenue product. In this situation, the demand for skilled paddleboard shapers rises, and their marginal revenue product also rises.

The increased demand for stand-up paddleboards leads to a higher quantity of these products being sold in the market. As a result, manufacturers and retailers need more skilled paddleboard shapers to create and supply these boards to meet consumer demand. This increase in demand for skilled shapers pushes up their wages, as businesses are willing to pay more to attract and retain these workers.

Simultaneously, the marginal revenue product (MRP) of skilled paddleboard shapers rises. MRP represents the additional revenue generated by employing one more unit of a factor of production, in this case, the skilled paddleboard shaper. As demand for paddleboards increases, each shaper's contribution to the total revenue of the business becomes more valuable. With higher sales of paddleboards, the revenue generated by each shaper's work increases, leading to a rise in their MRP.

Know more about revenue here:

https://brainly.com/question/28558536

#SPJ11

The weight of the fruit that is heavier than 8% of the other fruits is approximately 575 grams.

We can use the inverse normal distribution function to find the weight of the fruit that is heavier than 8% of the other fruits. First, we need to find the z-score associated with the 8th percentile using a standard normal distribution table or calculator.

z = invNorm(0.08) = -1.405

Next, we can use the z-score formula to find the weight of the fruit:

z = (x - μ) / σ

where x is the weight of the fruit, μ is the mean weight, and σ is the standard deviation.

Solving for x, we get:

x = z * σ + μ

x = -1.405 * 23 + 545

x ≈ 575

Therefore, the weight of the fruit that is heavier than 8% of the other fruits is approximately 575 grams.

For more questions like Function click the link below:

https://brainly.com/question/16008229

#SPJ11

The false statement is "based on the justice approach, you should treat people differently to provide the greatest good for the greatest number."

This statement is incorrect because the justice approach emphasizes fairness and impartiality, and requires that individuals and groups be treated equally and without discrimination, even if it means that the overall outcome is less than optimal for some individuals.

The principle of treating people differently to maximize the overall benefit is actually more closely associated with the utilitarian approach to decision making.

Ethical decision making involves considering multiple ethical approaches and determining the most appropriate course of action in the context of the specific situation.

Each approach emphasizes different values and principles, and it is possible for these approaches to conflict with each other. It is important to consider the potential implications and consequences of each approach before making a decision.

For more questions like Number click the link below:

https://brainly.com/question/17429689

#SPJ11

The correct answer is b. $54,115. To calculate the annual deposit needed to meet future college expenses.

We need to use the present value formula:

PV = FV / (1 + r)^n

Where PV is the present value (or the total amount of money needed to be saved), FV is the future value (or the total cost of college expenses), r is the annual interest rate (10% in this case), and n is the number of years.

From the table, we can see that the total cost of college expenses is:

$25,000 + $27,000 + $29,000 + $31,000 = $112,000

To find the present value, we need to discount the future value back to the present using the formula above. We know that the daughter is currently 5 years old and will start college at age 18, which means there are 13 years until the first withdrawal. Therefore:

PV = $112,000 / (1 + 0.1)^13 = $36,881.17

This is the total amount that needs to be saved by the couple. To find the annual deposit needed, we can use the annuity formula:

PMT = PV * (r / (1 - (1 + r)^-n))

Where PMT is the annual deposit needed, PV is the present value, r is the annual interest rate, and n is the number of years.

In this case, we want to find the annual deposit needed from the daughter's 5th birthday (now) to her 16th birthday. There are 11 years until the last deposit, so n = 11. Plugging in the values, we get:

PMT = $36,881.17 * (0.1 / (1 - (1 + 0.1)^-11)) = $5,411.47

Therefore, the couple needs to deposit $5,411.47 annually from their daughter's 5th birthday to her 16th birthday to meet future college expenses.

Learn more about annual here:

https://brainly.com/question/13993790

#SPJ11

The yield to maturity (YTM) of the bond is 5.96%.

The yield to maturity (YTM) is the total return anticipated on a bond if it is held until it matures. To calculate the YTM of a semiannual corporate bond with 13 years to maturity, a coupon rate of 8% per year, a $1,000 par value, and a current market price of $1,150, we need to use a financial calculator or spreadsheet program.

Using a financial calculator, we can input the bond’s par value, coupon rate, years to maturity, and current market price to calculate the bond’s YTM. In this case, the YTM of the bond is 5.96%.

The YTM is an important metric for investors to consider when evaluating bonds because it represents the expected rate of return on the bond over its life. It takes into account the bond’s coupon rate, par value, and current market price, as well as the time to maturity, which all affect the bond’s overall return. By comparing the YTM of different bonds, investors can make informed decisions about which bonds to invest in based on their investment objectives and risk tolerance.

For more about yield to maturity:

https://brainly.com/question/31531823

#SPJ11

1. Low Income Individuals: Individuals who are living at or below the poverty line, as determined by the federal government, may qualify for Medicaid. This is based on their income, family size, and other factors.

2. Pregnant Women: Women who are pregnant and meet the income requirements may be eligible for Medicaid. This coverage typically extends from the beginning of the pregnancy through the postpartum period.

3. Disabled Individuals: Individuals who are disabled and meet the income requirements may qualify for Medicaid. This coverage typically includes medical services, personal care, and other services that are necessary for the individual's healthcare.

4. Children: Children who meet the income requirements may qualify for Medicaid. This coverage typically includes preventive care, doctor visits, hospital stays, prescription drugs, and other services that are necessary for the child's healthcare.

Know more about Low Income Individuals here

https://brainly.com/question/26763161#

#SPJ11

Let x be the amount invested in the 6.25% bond. Then, the amount invested in the 6.75% bond is (46000 - x). We can set up an equation based on the given information:

0.0625x + 0.0675(46000 - x) = 2985

Simplifying and solving for x:

0.0625x + 3105 - 0.0675x = 2985

-0.005x = -120

x = 24000

Therefore, $24,000 should be invested in the 6.25% bond to earn an annual interest income of $2985.

To know more about bond refer here

https://brainly.com/question/10777799#

#SPJ11

Option (d), "none of the above." A conventional loan is not FHA insured, VA guaranteed, or HUD originated.

However, it is important to note that conventional loans may still have their own requirements and guidelines set by the lender or investor providing the loan. It could be explained that a conventional loan is a type of mortgage that is not guaranteed or insured by the federal government. Instead, it is backed by private lenders and investors. This means that the borrower may be required to meet certain credit and income criteria in order to qualify for the loan. Additionally, the lender may require a larger down payment than what is needed for an FHA or VA loan. While conventional loans may not have the same government backing as FHA or VA loans, they can still be a good option for many borrowers, particularly those with good credit and financial stability.

Learn more about conventional loan: https://brainly.com/question/12486376

#SPJ11

In economics, goods are classified based on their characteristics. Private goods are one such classification, and they refer to goods that are both rivalrous and excludable. This means that their consumption by one individual prevents another from consuming them, and they can only be enjoyed by those who have paid for them. Examples of private goods include food, clothing, and other consumer goods.

Food and clothing are examples of private goods, which an economist would categorize as both rivalrous and excludable. Rivalrous means that the consumption of these goods by one person diminishes the availability for others. For instance, if someone eats a sandwich, that sandwich is no longer available for someone else to eat. Similarly, if someone buys a shirt, it is no longer available for someone else to purchase. Excludable means that only those who have paid for these goods can access them. Food and clothing are typically only available to those who have purchased them or have been given access through some other means.

In conclusion, food and clothing are examples of private goods that are both rivalrous and excludable. This means that only those who have paid for them can access them, and once consumed, they are no longer available for others to enjoy. Understanding these characteristics of private goods is important in economics, as it helps in determining how these goods are produced, distributed, and consumed.

To know more about Private goods, visit:  

https://brainly.com/question/14834111

#SPJ11

The statement which is valid is a. It is a valid class action because it has a group of people with a similar type of injury.

In a class action lawsuit, a group of people with similar claims or injuries can sue a defendant or multiple defendants together. In this case, all 500 customers suffered similar head injuries due to the alleged defects in the bicycles, making it a valid class action lawsuit.

A class action is a legal proceeding in which one or more plaintiffs bring a lawsuit on behalf of a larger group, known as the class. Any proceeds from a class-action suit after legal fees, whether through a judgment or a settlement, are shared among all members of the class.

Learn more about class action lawsuit here: https://brainly.com/question/14895656

#SPJ11

Based on the financial statements of CVS Health Corporation, as of December 31, 2020, the average coupon rate (interest paid) on the company's long-term debt was approximately 4.19%.

Meanwhile, the average effective rate (interest expense) on the long-term debt was approximately 4.32%. These figures can be found in the company's annual report and are subject to change over time.To provide specific values for CVS's average coupon rate and average effective interest rate, you will need to access their financial statements and perform these calculations.

To know more about long-term debt visit:

The bank is examining the collateral aspect of the 5 Cs of credit in this situation. Collateral refers to the assets that a borrower pledges as security for a loan.

In this case, the car that Penelope Stevens is purchasing is the collateral for the loan.

The bank wants to know the trade-in value of the car because it needs to determine how much it can lend to Penelope based on the value of the collateral.

If the car has a high trade-in value, the bank may be willing to lend more money because it knows that it can recover its investment if Penelope defaults on the loan.

On the other hand, if the car has a low trade-in value, the bank may be more cautious about lending money to Penelope because it knows that it may not be able to recover its investment

if Penelope defaults on the loan. Therefore, the bank is examining the collateral aspect of the 5 Cs of credit in this situation.

To know more about collateral aspectrefer here

https://brainly.com/question/29646925#

#SPJ11

When a business generates an operating loss, it can be used to offset other taxable income of the owners. In this case, since Mr. Tuck and Ms. Under own equal interests in the LLC, Mr. Tuck's share of the operating loss would be $2,400.

Assuming that Mr. Tuck's marginal tax rate before consideration of the LLC loss is 35%, his tax savings from the first-year LLC loss would be $840 ($2,400 x 35%). This means that Mr. Tuck would owe $840 less in taxes because of the LLC loss.

It's important to note that this calculation assumes that the basis and excess business loss limitations do not apply. These limitations can reduce or even eliminate the amount of the loss that can be used to offset other taxable income, depending on the specific circumstances of the LLC and its owners.

Overall, the ability to use operating losses to offset other taxable income can be a valuable tax benefit for owners of an LLC, especially in the early years when the business may not yet be profitable.

To know more about LLC refer to-

https://brainly.com/question/15181909

#SPJ11

overfunded. An overfunded pension fund has a surplus of assets that exceed the amount of the pension liability that the company owes to its employees.

In other words, the pension plan has more than enough funds to pay out the promised benefits to retirees. There are several reasons why a pension fund may become overfunded. One reason is that the pension plan's investments may have performed better than expected, resulting in higher returns on investment. Another reason is that the employer may have contributed more than the minimum required amount to the pension plan. When a pension fund is overfunded, the employer may be able to take a contribution holiday, reducing the amount of contributions it needs to make in the future.

Additionally, the employer may be able to use the excess funds for other purposes, such as paying down debt or investing in the business.

Learn more about Pensions here:- brainly.com/question/10318001

#SPJ11

The direct inputs to material requirements planning include all of the following:

Your options were not provided, so I'll give you a brief overview of the main inputs to material requirements planning (MRP). Typically, the primary inputs for MRP are:

1. Bill of Materials (BOM): This provides a detailed list of raw materials, components, and assemblies required to produce a finished product.
2. Master Production Schedule (MPS): This outlines the planned production activities, including quantities and timeframes.
3. Inventory Records: These records show the current inventory levels of raw materials, components, and finished goods.

A possible exception or an input not directly related to MRP could be:

1. Sales forecasts: Although sales forecasts influence the MPS, they are not a direct input to the MRP system. The MPS takes sales forecasts into account, but MRP primarily relies on the MPS, BOM, and inventory records to calculate material requirements.

So, the direct inputs to material requirements planning include all of the following except sales forecasts.

Learn more about Sales Forecast

https://brainly.com/question/30283998

#SPJ11

The federal reserve should sell the money supply by 20 billion.

Using the information provided, we can apply the formula:

The money multiplier is determined by multiplying by 1 / the reserve requirement.

Multiplier: 1/0.2 = 5

This implies that the money supply will rise by $5 for every $1 increase in reserves. The Federal Reserve would need to cut the money supply by the following amounts in order to reduce total demand by $100 billion:

Decrease in money supply = 100 billion / multiplier

= 100 billion / 5

= 20 billion

Therefore, the Federal Reserve should decrease the money supply by $20 billion.

Learn more about the federal reserve here:

https://brainly.com/question/23247429

#SPJ1

The control of all funds during the count of cash on hand is meant primarily to prevent is True.

The control of all funds during the count of cash on hand is meant primarily to prevent any miscounting or misplacement of cash, as well as any potential theft or mishandling of funds. This control ensures that all cash is accounted for and that the count is accurate. The control of all funds during the count of cash on hand is meant primarily to prevent misappropriation, theft, or any discrepancies in the cash balance. By implementing strict controls, organizations can ensure the accuracy and integrity of their cash management processes. This includes having proper authorization, documentation, and segregation of duties during the cash handling process.

To know more about Funds visit :

https://brainly.com/question/20383417

#SPJ11

The given statement is true as this enables companies to plan and manage their cash resources effectively.

A cash budget is a financial planning tool that helps businesses forecast their cash inflows and outflows over a specific period, which is usually one year, broken down into months. Cash Inflow portrays the pay that is all brought to your business through its exercises any system to carry benefits into the business. Cash Surge incorporates any obligations, liabilities, and working costs-any measure of assets leaving your business

Thus, "Cash budgets normally cover a one-year period and show projected cash inflows and outflows for each month".

To learn more about cash budget: https://brainly.com/question/8707644

#SPJ11

The option that is not a characteristic of services is c) ownership is transferred at the time of purchase. Services are intangible, meaning they cannot be touched or owned like physical products.

Additionally, services often require customer involvement in the process, as the customer is typically receiving the service. Unlike physical products, services do not exist prior to purchase, as they are often created and delivered inreal time. Therefore, the correct answer is c) ownership is not transferred at the time of purchase when it comes to services. Instead, the customer is paying for the service and the experience it provides.

Your answer: The option that is not a characteristic of services is c. Ownership is transferred at the time of purchase. Services are distinct from goods in various ways, including their intangible nature, customer involvement, and lack of prior existence. However, unlike tangible goods, services do not involve the transfer of ownership upon purchase, as they are typically consumed and experienced rather than owned.

Learn more about  services  here:

https://brainly.com/question/30418810

#SPJ11

To assess the impact on the NAV of both funds due to the increase in AT&T stock price to $53.25 and the decline in Toro stock price to $89.292, follow these steps:

Determine the number of shares and initial prices of AT&T and Toro stocks in each fund. Calculate the initial value of each fund by multiplying the number of shares by their respective prices.

Update the prices of the stocks in each fund with the new values ($53.25 for AT&T and $89.292 for Toro). Calculate the new value of each fund by multiplying the updated stock prices by the number of shares.

Determine the new NAV for each fund by dividing the new value by the number of outstanding fund shares.Compare the initial and new NAVs to see the impact on both funds.Remember to use the specific details of your funds to complete these calculations.

To know more about NAV, refer to the link:

https://brainly.com/question/30322785#

#SPJ11

If the expected future price of EconNews shares is $65, and the current price you are willing to pay is $61.06, if the dividend payment is $4, and rate of return is 5%, then the risk premium is 8.0% percent.

The risk premium can be calculated by subtracting the risk-free rate of return from the expected rate of return on the investment.

The expected rate of return on the investment can be calculated as follows:

Expected Rate of Return = (Dividend + Expected Price Appreciation) / Current Price

In this case, the dividend is $4 and the expected price appreciation is $65 - $61.06 = $3.94. The current price is $61.06.

Expected Rate of Return = ($4 + $3.94) / $61.06

Expected Rate of Return ≈ 13.02%

The risk-free rate of return is given as 5%.

Risk Premium = Expected Rate of Return - Risk-Free Rate of Return

Risk Premium ≈ 13.02% - 5% ≈ 8.02%

Hence, the risk premium is approximately 8.02%, which rounded to the nearest percent is 8.0%.

To know more about risk premium, refer here:
https://brainly.com/question/29350477
#SPJ11

Spouses are joint ownership of an annuity often reserved. Thus, option (a) is correct.

Such a contract would be an annuity between a two-person party and an insurance provider. A joint and survivor annuity is a frequent type of annuity involving joint annuitants.

A spouses contract known as a joint annuity offers two people, typically a married couple, lifelong income. A person who owns an annuity may also co-own it with another person.

As a result, the significance of the spouses are joint ownership of an annuity typically reserved are the aforementioned. Therefore, option (a) is correct.

Learn more about on spouses, here:

https://brainly.com/question/13681604

#SPJ1

The cost of fertilizer per ton of cane would be $800/50 tons = $16 per ton of cane.

To calculate the total cost of fertilizer per hectare, we need to know the amount of fertilizer used per hectare. Let's assume that we use 100 kg of fertilizer per hectare.

Therefore, the total cost of fertilizer per hectare would be $8 x 100 kg = $800 per hectare.

To get the cost of fertilizer per ton of cane, we need to divide the cost per hectare by the sugar cane yield per hectare. Let's assume that the sugar cane yield per hectare is 50 tons.

So, the cost of fertilizer per ton of cane would be $800/50 tons = $16 per ton of cane.

To know more cost of fertilizer ton of cane https://brainly.com/question/22852765

#SPJ11

Companies go global for three main motives: market seeking, resource seeking, and efficiency seeking. Market seeking refers to companies looking to expand their customer base and increase their sales revenue.

In this case, companies can employ strategies such as product adaptation, where they tailor their products to suit local markets, or direct investment, where they establish local subsidiaries to distribute their products. Resource seeking refers to companies seeking to access natural resources or cheaper labor in foreign markets.

They can employ strategies such as joint ventures or mergers and acquisitions to gain access to these resources. Efficiency seeking refers to companies seeking to increase their efficiency and reduce costs by taking advantage of differences in labor, technology, or capital costs. Companies can employ strategies such as outsourcing or relocating their production to lower-cost countries to achieve this.

To know more about sales revenue visit:

https://brainly.com/question/28580932

#SPJ11

Speedy Travel, Incorporated should record an interest expense of $1,125,000 by Dec 31 of that same year. This is calculated by multiplying the borrowed amount of $50 million by the interest rate of 9% and dividing by 12 months in a year, which equals $3,750,000 in interest for 4 months. Therefore, the interest expense for three months  would be $1,125,000.

To calculate the interest expense for Speedy Travel, Incorporated, follow these steps:

1. Determine the principal amount: $50 million
2. Determine the interest rate: 9% per year
3. Calculate the time period: September 1 to December 31 is 4 months (1/3 of a year)
4. Calculate the interest expense: Principal x Interest Rate x Time

Using these steps, here's the calculation:

Interest Expense = $50 million x 9% x (4 months / 12 months)

Interest Expense = $50 million x 0.09 x (1/3)

Interest Expense = $1.5 million

Speedy Travel, Incorporated should record an interest expense of $1.5 million by December 31 of that same year.

Learn more about :  

Interest : brainly.com/question/30955042

Interest rate : brainly.com/question/13324776

Expense : brainly.com/question/29842871

Principal amount : brainly.com/question/30163719

#SPJ11

The given statement "the CVS example does demonstrate that there are practical and easy starting points for driving sustainability in the supply chain" is true because CVS has implemented several sustainability initiatives in its supply chain, such as reducing packaging waste, increasing energy efficiency, and sourcing more sustainable materials.

These initiatives not only benefit the environment but also contribute to cost savings for the company. Therefore, it is possible for companies to take steps towards sustainability in their supply chains without sacrificing profitability. Companies can begin by identifying key areas for improvement, such as reducing waste, increasing energy efficiency, and promoting responsible sourcing. By taking these initial steps, businesses can make a positive impact on their supply chain's sustainability, leading to long-term benefits for both the environment and their bottom line.

For more about supply chain:

https://brainly.com/question/30086410

#SPJ11

The given statement is false because the sales budget is actually one of the first components to be prepared in the operating budget.

All other components of the operating budget rely on the sales forecast in order to be accurate. The sales budget outlines the expected sales revenue for the upcoming period, which then allows the company to create budgets for production, purchasing, and other expenses. The sales budget also helps to determine the level of staffing and resources needed to meet the demand for the company's products or services.

Once the sales budget is prepared, the other components of the operating budget, such as the production budget and the expense budget, can be developed. These budgets rely heavily on the sales budget as they are determined by the level of sales and revenue forecasted.

In summary, the sales budget is a critical component of the operating budget and must be prepared before any other component can be developed.

Learn more about Sales budgets here:

https://brainly.com/question/31165239

#SPJ11

Statements a, b, and c are correct. Bitcoin is not issued by any central bank, and therefore it can be considered a decentralized form of money.

It has appreciated in value in recent years, making it a popular store of value. It is also accepted in some online markets as a form of payment. However, statement d is also correct. Bitcoin's value does fluctuate significantly over short time periods, which can undermine its ability to serve as a stable form of money.
Statements a, b, and c are correct. Bitcoin is not issued by any central bank, has appreciated in value over recent years, and is accepted in some online markets, which support its consideration as money. However, statement d is also valid as Bitcoin's value fluctuations can undermine its ability to serve as a stable form of money.

To know more about decentralized form of money visit: