The document that begins the incorporation process in the majority of states is called the articles of incorporation. These articles of incorporation are filed with the state where the company wishes to be incorporated.
The process and requirements for incorporating a company vary from state to state, so it's important to research the specific state's laws and regulations before beginning the process. In general, the articles of incorporation will include important information about the company such as its name, purpose, and address. Once the articles of incorporation are filed and approved by the state, the company becomes a legal entity and can begin conducting business. Incorporating a business can provide many benefits such as limited liability protection and the ability to raise capital through the sale of stocks or bonds.
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the banking system currently has $10 billion of reserves, none of which are excess. people hold only deposits and no currency, and the reserve requirement is 10 percent. if the fed raises the reserve requirement to 12.5 percent and at the same time buys $1 billion worth of bonds, then by how much does the money supply change? a. it rises by $19 billion. b. it falls by $12 billion. c. it falls by $19 billion. d. it falls by $21 billion.
The money supply will change as it falls by $12 billion. The correct option is b.
The banking system has $10 billion in reserves, and the reserve requirement is 10%, before the Fed increases the reserve requirement and purchases bonds. This suggests that the banking system has the following deposits:
D = R / rr = $10 billion / 0.1 = $100 billion ( rr = reserve ratio)
When Fed raises the reserve requirement to 12.5%, the required reserves increase to RR = rr × D' = 0.125 × $100 billion = $12.5 billion
D' = new deposits
ΔD = D - D' = $100 billion - $87.5 billion = $12.5 billion, money supply decreases by $12.5 billion
Additionally, the Fed purchases bonds for $1 billion, boosting the banking system's reserves by the same amount. This suggests that the new reserve level is:
R' = $10 billion + $1 billion = $11 billion
the new level of deposits is:
D'' = (R' + ER) / rr = ($11 billion + $0) / 0.125 = $88 billion
change in the money supply = ΔM = D'' - D = $88 billion - $100 billion
= -$12 billion
The correct option is b.
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a put option with a strike price of $55 sells for $4.60. the option expires in six months and the current stock price is $56.70. if the risk-free interest rate is 4.5 percent, what is the price of a call option with the same strike price? (do not round intermediate calculations. round your answer to 2 decimal places.)
We can use put-call parity to find the price of the call option:
Call option price + Present value of strike price = Put option price + Stock price
We know the put option price is $4.60, the strike price is $55, and the stock price is $56.70. To find the present value of the strike price, we need to discount it by the risk-free interest rate for the time to expiration:
Present value of strike price = $55 / (1 + 0.045/2)^(2*0.5) = $51.47
Substituting into the put-call parity equation, we have:
Call option price + $51.47 = $4.60 + $56.70
Call option price = $56.70 - $51.47 - $4.60 = $0.63
Therefore, the price of the call option with the same strike price is $0.63.
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Which of the following is true concerning the price of a bond?
A. When the yield to maturity is greater than the coupon rate, the price of the bond will be above the par value of the bond and it will be selling at a premium.
B. When the yield to maturity and coupon rate are equal, the price of the bond will equal its par value.
C. There is no relationship between the yield to maturity and the price of the bond
D. When the yield to maturity is less than than the coupon rate, the price of the bond will be below the par value of the bond and it will be selling at a discount.
The price of a bond is determined by its yield to maturity (YTM) and coupon rate.
YTM is the total return anticipated on a bond if it is held until maturity, while the coupon rate is the interest rate that a bond issuer will pay to its bondholders. Therefore, the price of a bond can be affected by changes in the YTM and coupon rate.
Option A is true concerning the price of a bond. When the YTM is greater than the coupon rate, the price of the bond will be above the par value of the bond and it will be selling at a premium. This is because the bond's interest payments (coupon rate) are lower than the market rate of interest (YTM), which makes the bond more valuable and in demand, thus increasing its price.
Option B is also true. When the YTM and coupon rate are equal, the price of the bond will equal its par value. This is because the bond's interest payments (coupon rate) are equal to the market rate of interest (YTM), which means that the bond is priced at par.
Option C is not true. There is a direct relationship between the YTM and the price of a bond. If the YTM increases, the price of the bond decreases, and vice versa.
Option D is also true. When the YTM is less than the coupon rate, the price of the bond will be below the par value of the bond and it will be selling at a discount. This is because the bond's interest payments (coupon rate) are higher than the market rate of interest (YTM), which makes the bond less valuable and less in demand, thus decreasing its price.
In summary, the price of a bond is affected by changes in its YTM and coupon rate. When the YTM is greater than the coupon rate, the bond will be priced at a premium, when the YTM is less than the coupon rate, the bond will be priced at a discount, and when the YTM and coupon rate are equal, the bond will be priced at par.
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The unit cost is $112.00 and we order 10,752 units per 365 day year. While we do not have to order by the case, it does come in 15 units per case. The average lead time from when we place the order to the time we receive it at our dock is 8.2 days with a standard variation of 1.7 days.� Later that week in the conference room, Ferguson and Patrachalski each offered proposals for ordering part number 64-1909. Purchasing Director Patrachalski stated he was trying to keep his purchasing costs down by ordering in larger quantities and suggested buying 32 cases at a time. He has also indicated he would like to avoid ordering in partial cases since doing so may result in shipments of incorrect quantities and consequent higher costs. Comptroller Ferguson claimed the most important issue was the cost to carry inventory and argued for ordering 4 cases at a time to keep Page 2 This document is available from our site and provided for your personal use only and may not be retransmitted or redistributed without written permission from the Council of Supply Chain Management Professionals (CSCMP). You may not upload any of this site's material to any public server, online service, network, or bulletin board without prior written permission from CSCMP. average inventories low. Seeking a compromise, Lewin suggested using economic order quantity (EOQ). Lewin stated, �economic order quantity can be very complex. The original EOQ, known as �Wilson�s EOQ�, was actually developed by F. W. Harris1 2 in 1913, but a consultant named R. H. Wilson, who embraced the model and applied it extensively, was given credit for his early in-depth analysis of it.3 4 It determines the lowest total inventory cost by calculating the optimum order quantity denoted as Q*. Economic order quantity incorporates the trade-off between inventory carrying cost and ordering cost�exactly the trade-off we are facing with Finance and Purchasing.� �You can now find more complicated economic order quantity models extending the concept to consider discount pricing for ordering in larger quantities, backordering costs, differences in transportation rates if you ship by full truckload instead of LTL, including the step function of adding another warehouse as it impacts inventory carrying costs, or bridging into optimal production quantities. Anything that might influence the economic order quantity variables�there is probably an extension. There is probably even one considering the phases of the moon!� �There are a lot of assumptions for economic order quantity including:5 A continuous, constant, and known rate of demand A constant and known replenishment or lead time Entire order delivered at same time�no in-transit inventory All demand is satisfied A constant price or cost that is independent of the order quantity (i.e., no quantity discount) No inventory in transit One item of inventory or no interaction between items Infinite planning horizon Unlimited capital �But we should just use the original Harris-Wilson Model and consider tweaking it later. As I recall, the basic formula is:� Q*=(2xAnnual Demand x Ordering Cost)/(Inventory Carrying Cost x Unit Price) And the entire equation needs to be square rooted. Q#1: What is the cost difference between Ferguson's proposal to order 4 cases each time and Patrachalski's proposal to order 32 cases each time? Q#2: Lewin suggested looking at economic order quantity. Based on the lowest total annual cost, what order quantity should Martin recommend? Q#3: Let's explore the concept of "robustness." Lewin�s proposal to use economic order quantity may be unrealistic since SMC would like to place orders in whole cases. If the order quantity is decreased to the nearest whole case (which is a 2.78% reduction) what percent would your total annual cost change? What percent would your annual total cost change if the order quantity is increased to the nearest whole case? Hint: Use the formula ([New Total Cost / Old Total Cost] � 1 ).
The order quantity that would minimize the total annual cost is 2,685 units (or 179 cases), with a total annual cost of $1,287,140.
q#1: to determine the cost difference between ordering 4 cases and ordering 32 cases, we need to calculate the total cost for each proposal.
for ferguson's proposal to order 4 cases at a time: order quantity = 4 x 15 = 60 units
annual demand = 10,752 unitsordering cost = $112 x 60 = $6,720
annual ordering cost = (10,752 / 60) x $6,720 = $1,201,920average inventory = 60 / 2 = 30 units
inventory carrying cost = 30 x $112 x 14% = $470.40annual inventory carrying cost = 10,752 / 2 x $470.40 = $2,523,340.80
total annual cost = $1,201,920 + $2,523,340.80 = $3,725,260.80
for patrachalski's proposal to order 32 cases at a time:order quantity = 32 x 15 = 480 units
annual demand = 10,752 unitsordering cost = $112 x 480 = $53,760
annual ordering cost = (10,752 / 480) x $53,760 = $1,204,800average inventory = 480 / 2 = 240 units
inventory carrying cost = 240 x $112 x 14% = $3,347.20annual inventory carrying cost = 10,752 / 480 x $3,347.20 = $74,892.00
total annual cost = $1,204,800 + $74,892.00 = $1,279,692.00
the cost difference between the two proposals is $3,725,260.80 - $1,279,692.00 = $2,445,568.80.
q#2: to determine the order quantity that would minimize the total annual cost, we can use the eoq formula provided by lewin:
q*=(2xannual demand x ordering cost)/(inventory carrying cost x unit price)⁰.5
plugging in the values:q*=(2x10,752x$6,720)/($112x0.14)⁰.5=2,682.78
rounding this to the nearest whole case (which is 179 cases):
order quantity = 179 x 15 = 2,685 unitsannual demand = 10,752 units
ordering cost = $112 x 2,685 = $301,320annual ordering cost = (10,752 / 2,685) x $301,320 = $1,204,800
average inventory = 2,685 / 2 = 1,342.5 unitsinventory carrying cost = 1,342.5 x $112 x 14% = $20,585.10
annual inventory carrying cost = 10,752 / 2,685 x $20,585.10 = $82,340.40total annual cost = $1,204,800 + $82,340.40 = $1,287,140.40 40.
q#3: to determine the percentage change in total annual cost if the order quantity is decreased or increased to the nearest whole case, we need to calculate the total cost for each scenario and compare it to the total cost of the optimal order quantity (2,685 units).
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you are working in a country where local securities laws are minimal and trading on nonpublic information is not illegal. which sentence is correct?
In a country where local securities laws are minimal and trading on nonpublic information is not illegal, the correct sentence would be:
"Trading on nonpublic information is not illegal in this country due to the minimal local securities laws."
This sentence accurately reflects the situation by stating that trading on nonpublic information is not against the law in the country with minimal securities regulations. It highlights the absence of legal restrictions on such trading practices in that particular jurisdiction.
"In this country, the absence of robust local securities laws allows for trading on nonpublic information without legal repercussions. Market participants can exploit unpublished information for personal gain due to the limited regulatory framework."
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The ratio of the money supply to the monetary base is called the _______ , and in the U.S. is empirically estimated to have a value close to two
The ratio of the money supply to the monetary base is called the money multiplier, and in the U.S. is empirically estimated to have a value close to two.
The money multiplier is a concept that measures the potential impact of changes in the monetary base on the money supply within an economy. It represents the ratio between the total money supply and the monetary base, which includes currency in circulation and reserves held by commercial banks. In the United States, the empirical estimation of the money multiplier has been observed to be around two, meaning that a change in the monetary base, such as an increase in reserves, can lead to approximately a two-fold change in the overall money supply. This multiplier effect is a result of the fractional reserve banking system, where commercial banks can create money through lending and the process of money creation continues as loans are redeposited and new loans are made. The money multiplier is an important consideration for central banks when implementing monetary policy and managing the overall money supply in an economy.
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long-term equity anticipations (leaps) area. stocks that have a maturity date.b. stocks that are converted to bonds once the price reaches a specified level.c. stock options with longer terms to expiration than the more traditional stock options.d. stock index futures that can have a more distant settlement date than the more typical stock options.
C. Stock options with longer terms to expiration than the more traditional stock options.
LEAPS, or Long-term Equity Anticipation Securities, are long-term stock options that have an expiration date of up to three years in the future. This is in contrast to traditional stock options which usually have an expiration date within a year. LEAPS allow investors to have more time to profit from a bullish or bearish view on a particular stock. LEAPS also have a higher premium than traditional stock options due to the longer expiration period, which means investors need to pay more upfront. LEAPS are often used as a hedging tool for long-term stock holdings or for longer-term speculation on stock price movements.
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Which of the following curves is called the planning curve?
a. long-run average variable cost curve
b. long-run average total cost curve
c. long-run total cost curve
d. long-run marginal cost curve
e. long-run average fixed cost curve
The planning curve that is commonly referred to as the "long-run average total cost curve" (option b). The long-run average total cost (LRATC) curve represents the average cost per unit of output in the long run when all inputs, including capital and labor, can be adjusted.
It shows the relationship between the quantity of output produced and the average total cost incurred by the firm. The LRATC curve is a crucial tool for planning and decision-making in the long run. It helps firms determine the optimal scale of production by identifying the output level at which average costs are minimized. By analyzing the LRATC curve, firms can assess the most efficient production levels and plan their operations accordingly. This curve enables businesses to evaluate cost structures, estimate pricing strategies, and make informed decisions regarding capacity expansion or contraction.
The other options listed are not specifically referred to as planning curves. They represent different cost curves in economics that provide insights into cost behavior but may not be directly associated with long-term planning decisions.
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during one pay period, star valley company distributes $234,900 to employees as net pay. the income tax withholdings were $34,200 and the fica withholdings were $9,000. total payroll costs to the company for this pay period, excluding any unemployment taxes, was:
During the pay period, Star Valley Company distributed $234,900 as net pay to its employees. To calculate the total payroll costs to the company, we need to consider both income tax and FICA withholdings. Income tax withholdings amounted to $34,200, while FICA withholdings were $9,000. To find the total payroll costs, excluding unemployment taxes, we add these withholdings back to the net pay.
The total payroll costs for the pay period can be calculated by adding up the net pay and the taxes withheld. So, for this pay period, the total payroll costs were: Net pay + Taxes withheld = $234,900 + $34,200 + $9,000 = $278,100 Therefore, the total payroll costs for this pay period, excluding any unemployment taxes, was $278,100. To explain further, the net pay is the amount of money paid to employees after deductions such as taxes are made from their gross pay.
Income tax withholdings are the amount of federal and state taxes that are taken out of an employee's paycheck based on their earnings and tax bracket. FICA withholdings refer to the deductions made for Social Security and Medicare taxes that are mandated by the government. The total payroll costs are the sum of all payments made to employees and any deductions or taxes paid by the employer on behalf of the employees.
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One effective strategy for crafting online sales messages is letting receivers know how they may opt out of receiving future messages. Group of answer choicestruefalse
The given statement, "One effective strategy for crafting online sales messages is letting receivers know how they may opt out of receiving future messages." is true as Live chat offers a chance to improve visitors and customers purchasing experiences while also increasing sales for your company.
A sales messaging is the primary call to action that engages the audience, persuades them, and closes the deal. Not every sales communication will result in a direct sale, but the objective is still there. The goal is the same regardless the message you are selling is conveyed by a letter, a proposal, or radio or television advertising.
When discussing sales messaging, rationality and emotion are frequently contrasted. Every communication has values, or credibility; pathos, or emotion and excitement; and the logos, or logic and reason. You could appeal to some audience, but not the majority, if the only focus of your sales pitch is reason supported by cold, hard facts and nothing but the facts.
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FILL IN THE BLANK with its multisensory stimulation, ______ is the medium that defines what advertising is.
With its multisensory stimulation, television is the medium that defines what advertising is.
Television is a powerful medium that combines audiovisual elements to create engaging and impactful advertising experiences. It provides a multisensory stimulation through the combination of moving images, sounds, and sometimes even tactile effects.
This combination allows advertisers to deliver their messages with a higher level of creativity, emotion, and storytelling compared to other advertising mediums.
Television advertising has the ability to capture viewers' attention, evoke emotions, and create memorable experiences. It utilizes visual elements such as colors, visuals, and motion to grab viewers' attention and convey messages effectively.
The use of audio, including music, voice-overs, and sound effects, adds another layer of sensory stimulation, enhancing the overall impact of the advertising message.
Additionally, television advertising often incorporates other sensory elements such as smell, taste, and touch indirectly.
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an example of an input at an organizational level is . question 12 options: communication structure power conflict motivation
An example of an input at an organizational level is communication structure. Communication structure refers to the formal and informal channels of communication that exist within an organization.
The way communication is structured within an organization can greatly impact the way information is shared, decisions are made, and tasks are completed. For example, if an organization has a hierarchical communication structure, where information flows from the top-down, it may result in lower-level employees feeling disempowered and disengaged. On the other hand, if an organization has a more democratic communication structure, where information flows freely in all directions, it may result in higher levels of employee engagement and collaboration. Therefore, it is essential for organizations to carefully consider their communication structure as it can significantly impact employee motivation, conflict, and ultimately the success of the organization.
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in which of the following cases is the government's action appropriate for reducing inefficiency? responses taxation of the output of a chocolate factory that emits an aroma tha residents of the city enjoy taxation of the output of a chocolate factory that emits an aroma tha residents of the city enjoy regulation that reduces the output of a monopoly regulation that reduces the output of a monopoly a lump-sum tax on a monopolist a lump-sum tax on a monopolist a subsidy for the consumption of a good produced by a plant that emits a pollutant as a by-product a subsidy for the consumption of a good produced by a plant that emits a pollutant as a by-product a toll on a congested bridge
The government's action is appropriate for reducing inefficiency in the case of regulation that reduces the output of a monopoly.
When a monopoly exists, it has the power to restrict output and charges higher prices, leading to market inefficiency and reduced consumer welfare. By implementing regulation that reduces the output of a monopoly, the government can promote competition and enhance market efficiency. This can be achieved through measures such as setting production quotas, price controls, or breaking up the monopoly into smaller, more competitive firms. By limiting the monopoly's market power and encouraging competition, consumers can benefit from lower prices, increased choice, and improved overall economic efficiency. Regulating monopolies is a common approach to addressing market failures and promoting more competitive and efficient markets.
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What are the key policies, practices, business principles, and procedures that underlie how Howard Schultz and Starbucks’ management implemented and executed the company’s evolving strategy?Select "yes" for those statements below that are accurate and choose "no" for those that are not.Putting a strong emphasis on proper training of Starbucks employees (most especially those working in Starbucks retail stores).(Click to select) Yes NoBuilding the organizational capabilities to make appealing coffee drinks, create an appealing store ambience, and provide very good customer service.(Click to select) Yes NoStarbucks has centralized its decision making; decisions are then communicated to employees by store managers.(Click to select) Yes NoSystems for recruiting, hiring, and training baristas and store managers to staff new and existing stores has been outsourced so Starbucks can focus on core processes.(Click to select) Yes NoGet employees to enthusiastically communicate their knowledge about coffee to customers and to exude a passion about Starbucks.(Click to select) Yes NoAll Starbucks’ ideas come from leadership; employees are not involved in providing ideas for the company.(Click to select) Yes NoEmployee turnover rate is very high because of the high performance standards employees are held to.(Click to select) Yes NoTightly connect the company’s core values to both the culture and the strategy.(Click to select) Yes NoProvide good compensation and a good benefits package.(Click to select) Yes NoQuality control practices (flavor, freshness, pure coffee aromas in stores).(Click to select) Yes No
Howard Schultz and Starbucks’ management implemented and executed the company’s evolving strategy by putting a strong emphasis on proper training of Starbucks employees, building organizational capabilities to make appealing coffee drinks, create an appealing store ambience, and provide excellent customer service.
Starbucks has not centralized its decision making; decisions are communicated to employees by store managers. Systems for recruiting, hiring, and training baristas and store managers to staff new and existing stores have not been outsourced so that Starbucks can focus on core processes. Employees are encouraged to enthusiastically communicate their knowledge about coffee to customers and exude a passion for Starbucks. Starbucks encourages employee involvement in providing ideas for the company. Employee turnover rate is high due to the high-performance standards employees are held to. The company’s core values are tightly connected to both the culture and strategy, and Starbucks provides good compensation and benefits packages. Quality control practices are in place to ensure flavor, freshness, and pure coffee aromas in stores.
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Which statement BEST describes why a successful entrepreneur needs to be flexible
a. Starting a new business often leads to envy in the wider business community.
b. People with whom entrepreneurs work are often opinionated and rigid.
c. Entrepreneurial ventures involve risky situations and unexpected events.
d. Initial business revenues tend to be low and may remain low for several years.
The statement that BEST describes why a successful entrepreneur needs to be flexible is c. Entrepreneurial ventures involve risky situations and unexpected events.
Successful entrepreneurs must be able to adapt to changes and unexpected challenges that may arise in their business ventures. Being flexible allows them to pivot their strategies and make necessary changes to remain competitive and successful.
The entrepreneurial journey is characterized by taking risks, navigating through uncharted territories, and adapting to changing market conditions. Flexibility enables entrepreneurs to quickly respond to unforeseen circumstances, adjust their strategies, and seize new opportunities. It helps them navigate through obstacles, pivot their business models if needed, and embrace innovation. By being flexible, entrepreneurs can effectively manage the uncertainties and complexities inherent in entrepreneurial endeavors, increasing their chances of success in a dynamic and competitive business landscape.
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a(n) staffing approach is more likely to be effective when implementing a multinational strategy. a. polycentric b. ethnocentric c. regional d. third-country
The correct answer is a. Polycentric staffing approach is more likely to be effective when implementing a multinational strategy. In a polycentric staffing approach, host-country nationals are primarily hired to manage subsidiaries in their respective countries.
This approach is effective because it allows the organization to take advantage of the local knowledge, culture, and customs of the host country. It also demonstrates a commitment to the local community, which can improve the organization's reputation and reduce potential conflicts. In contrast, an ethnocentric staffing approach involves hiring employees from the home country to fill key positions in subsidiaries abroad. This approach can create cultural barriers and limit local responsiveness. A regional staffing approach focuses on hiring employees from a specific region to manage subsidiaries in that region. While this approach can be effective in promoting regional integration and reducing cultural barriers, it may not be suitable for global organizations with operations in multiple regions. Finally, a third-country staffing approach involves hiring employees from neither the home country nor the host country to manage subsidiaries. This approach is typically used when the organization is unable to find suitable candidates from the home or host country.
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if walmart purchased water from hope springs for sale in its retail stores, containers of water might be temporarily stored in a facility for the receipt, storage, and redistribution of goods. such a facility is called a(n)\
The facility that is used for the temporary storage and redistribution of goods is called a warehouse.
In this scenario, the containers of water purchased by Walmart from Hope Springs would be temporarily stored in a warehouse before they are shipped to Walmart's retail stores for sale. A warehouse is a large, spacious building that is used by businesses to store inventory or raw materials. Warehouses can be owned by the business itself, or they can be leased or rented from a third party.
A warehouse is a large commercial building that is primarily used for the storage and distribution of goods. It is a facility where businesses store and manage inventory, raw materials, and finished goods. Warehouses can be owned, leased, or rented by businesses depending on their specific needs.
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barry lost his job over a year ago and has not been able to find another. he is categorized as part of the a. outsourced. b. permanently jobless. c. long-term unemployed. d. labor movement.
Barry, who lost his job over a year ago and has been unable to find another, would be categorized as long-term unemployed.
Barry, who lost his job over a year ago and has been unable to find another, would be categorized as long-term unemployed. Long-term unemployment refers to the situation where individuals have been actively seeking employment but has been without a job for an extended period, typically exceeding a certain duration (e.g., six months or one year, depending on the definition). The term "long-term unemployed" is used to distinguish individuals who have been out of work for an extended period from those who are temporarily unemployed or who have recently become unemployed. Long-term unemployment can have significant implications for individuals, including financial hardships, skill erosion, and psychological effects. It is important for policymakers and society to address the challenges faced by long-term unemployed individuals by providing support, training, and opportunities to facilitate their reintegration into the labor market.
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true or false: since earned media is controlled by a business, measurement of earned media performance is straightforward
False. Earned media is not directly controlled by a business, so measurement of its performance can be more complex than for owned media.
Earned media refers to publicity that a business receives through word-of-mouth, social media shares, and other forms of non-paid promotion. Because it is not directly controlled by the business, it can be difficult to measure and track. For example, a business may receive a positive mention in a blog post, but it may not be immediately clear how many people saw the post or how it affected the business's bottom line. However, there are ways to measure earned media performance, such as tracking social media engagement, monitoring website traffic from referral sources, and using media monitoring tools to track mentions of the business in news articles and other publications. By measuring these metrics, businesses can gain insights into how their earned media efforts are performing and make adjustments as needed to improve their results.
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Overstating ending inventory in the current year causes retained earnings in the next year to be overstated. true or false
The statement is true because overstating ending inventory in the current year directly impacts the calculation of cost of goods sold (COGS) and, consequently, net income.
When ending inventory is overstated, it reduces the amount of COGS, resulting in an artificially inflated net income for the current year. Since retained earnings are derived from net income, an overstatement of net income in the current year will cause an overstatement of retained earnings in the subsequent year.
Retained earnings represent the cumulative profits or losses of a company that are retained for reinvestment or distribution to shareholders. Therefore, any overstatement of net income caused by an overstatement of ending inventory carries forward and affects the calculation of retained earnings in the next year, leading to an overstatement of retained earnings in that period as well.
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At the beginning of the year, Trust estimates overhead to be $700,000, machine hours to be 200,000, and direct labor hours to be 35,000.
Based on the information provided, Trust has estimated its overhead for the year to be $700,000.
Additionally, Trust has estimated that it will use 200,000 machine hours and 35,000 direct labor hours during the year.
This information is likely being used by Trust to develop a predetermined overhead rate, which is used to allocate overhead costs to products or services based on their use of production resources. The predetermined overhead rate is calculated by dividing the estimated total overhead costs for the year by the estimated total amount of the allocation base, which in this case is either machine hours or direct labor hours.
For example, if Trust chooses to use machine hours as the allocation base, the predetermined overhead rate would be calculated as follows:
Predetermined overhead rate = Estimated total overhead costs for the year / Estimated total machine hours for the yearPredetermined overhead rate = $700,000 / 200,000 machine hours
Predetermined overhead rate = $3.50 per machine hour
Similarly, if Trust chooses to use direct labor hours as the allocation base, the predetermined overhead rate would be calculated as follows:
Predetermined overhead rate = Estimated total overhead costs for the year / Estimated total direct labor hours for the yearPredetermined overhead rate = $700,000 / 35,000 direct labor hours
Predetermined overhead rate = $20 per direct labor hour
Once the predetermined overhead rate is established, Trust can use it to allocate overhead costs to its products or services based on their use of machine or direct labor hours.
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q division had total assets of $4,000,000 and net income of $560,000 and sales of $3,000,000 and a required rate of return of 12 percent. the residual income for the period was:
To calculate the residual income for the period, we need to subtract the required return on assets from the net income. The required return on assets is determined by multiplying the total assets by the required rate of return.
Given:
Total assets: $4,000,000
Net income: $560,000
Sales: $3,000,000
Required rate of return: 12%
First, we calculate the required return on assets:
Required return on assets = Total assets * Required rate of return
Required return on assets = $4,000,000 * 12% = $480,000
Next, we calculate the residual income:
Residual income = Net income - Required return on assets
Residual income = $560,000 - $480,000 = $80,000
Therefore, the residual income for the period is $80,000.
Residual income represents the excess or shortfall of a division's net income compared to the return required by its investors. In this case, the division generated a net income of $560,000, which exceeded the required return on assets of $480,000. The positive residual income of $80,000 indicates that the division has performed better than expected and has created value for its investors.Residual income is a useful financial metric for evaluating the profitability and efficiency of a division or business unit. It provides insight into the division's ability to generate returns above the minimum required by investors. A positive residual income indicates that the division is earning more than its cost of capital, while a negative residual income suggests that the division is not meeting the required return and may be eroding shareholder value.
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you found one job opening that looks very interesting. before applying for the job, what should you do? responses research the organization. research the organization. quickly apply for the job. quickly apply for the job. ask a trusted friend about it. ask a trusted friend about it. eliminate the job opening.
The first thing you do if you found one job opening that looks very interesting is research the organization.
What is the first thing to do?Before applying for a job that looks interesting it is important to research the organization to ensure that it is a good fit for your career goals and values therefore the best response is research the organization
researching the organization can involve several steps such as visiting their website to learn about their mission values and history reading their annual reports or financial statements to understand their performance and looking for news articles or reviews to see how they are perceived in the industry or community some businesses may also underestimate the importance of place
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A company with an acid-test ratio of 0.3 is likely to face near-term liquidity problems.
True or False
True. A company with an acid-test ratio of 0.3 is likely to face near-term liquidity problems. The acid-test ratio, also known as the quick ratio, measures a company's ability to pay off its short-term liabilities using its most liquid assets.
The acid-test ratio is calculated by dividing the sum of a company's cash, marketable securities, and accounts receivable by its current liabilities. This ratio provides insight into a company's ability to quickly convert its most liquid assets into cash to cover short-term obligations. A ratio below 1 implies that the company may have difficulty meeting its immediate liabilities.
In the case of a company with an acid-test ratio of 0.3, it means that for every dollar of short-term liabilities, the company has only 30 cents of highly liquid assets available. This low ratio suggests a limited ability to generate cash quickly, which can lead to liquidity problems in the near term. The company may struggle to pay off its current debts, fulfill its operational requirements, or take advantage of immediate investment opportunities.
When a company faces liquidity problems, it may encounter difficulties in paying suppliers, meeting payroll obligations, or covering other day-to-day expenses. It may also find it challenging to secure new financing or maintain relationships with creditors and investors. Low liquidity can negatively impact a company's financial stability, creditworthiness, and overall operations. Therefore, a company with an acid-test ratio of 0.3 is likely to face near-term liquidity problems.
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nancy operates a business that uses the accrual method of accounting. in december, nancy asked her brother, hank, to provide her business with consulting advice. hank billed nancy for $7,700 of consulting services in year 0 (a reasonable amount), but nancy was only able to pay $4,300 of the bill by the end of this year. however, nancy paid the remainder of the bill in the following year. problem 9-77 part-a (algo) a. how much of the $7,700 consulting services will hank include in his income this year if he uses the cash method of accounting? what amount can nancy deduct this year for the consulting services?
If Hank uses the cash method of accounting, he will include in his income only the amount he received in cash during the year. Since Nancy paid $4,300 of the $7,700 bill in the current year, Hank will include $4,300 in his income for this year.
On the other hand, Nancy can deduct the amount she paid for the consulting services during the year. Since she paid $4,300 in the current year, she can deduct the same amount as an expense for this year.
To summarize:
Hank will include $4,300 in his income this year (using the cash method).
Nancy can deduct $4,300 as an expense for the consulting services this year.
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when marvel studios flooded retail stores with products based on its avenger movie, this illustrated a. rebranding. b. brand licensing. c. brand repositioning. d. brand scaling
The correct answer to your question is b. brand licensing. Brand licensing is a business strategy that allows a company to extend its brand by granting another company the right to use its name, logo, and other intellectual property in exchange for a fee or royalty.
In the case of Marvel Studios, they licensed their brand to various manufacturers and retailers to create and sell products based on their movie. This strategy allowed them to increase their revenue and reach a wider audience, as consumers were able to purchase merchandise featuring their favorite characters from the movie. Brand licensing is a common strategy used by many companies to capitalize on the popularity of their brand and to diversify their revenue streams. It can be a win-win situation for both parties involved, as the licensee gains access to a well-known brand, while the licensor earns additional revenue without having to invest in the production and distribution of the products themselves. Overall, Marvel Studios' decision to flood retail stores with products based on its Avenger movie was a smart move, as it helped them to strengthen their brand and increase their revenue through brand licensing.
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economists and policymakers initially believed that the phillips curve represented a ...
Initially, economists and policymakers believed that the Phillips Curve represented a trade-off between inflation and unemployment, suggesting that when unemployment was low, inflation would be high, and vice versa.
The Phillips Curve is an economic concept that shows the relationship between inflation and unemployment. It was first introduced by economist A.W. Phillips in the 1950s based on empirical observations. Phillips found an inverse relationship between wage inflation and unemployment rates in the United Kingdom. This relationship implied that policymakers could use monetary and fiscal policies to manipulate unemployment and inflation.
The initial belief was that policymakers could choose a point on the Phillips Curve that best balanced inflation and unemployment. If they wanted to reduce unemployment, they could accept higher inflation, and if they wanted to combat inflation, they could accept higher unemployment. This concept became a popular framework for policymakers to guide their decision-making.
However, over time, the Phillips Curve relationship started to break down. In the 1970s, the phenomenon of stagflation emerged, where both inflation and unemployment were high simultaneously. This contradicted the original Phillips Curve notion of a trade-off. Economists began to realize that other factors, such as supply shocks and inflation expectations, played a significant role in shaping the relationship between inflation and unemployment.
As a result, the Phillips Curve lost its policy usefulness and became less reliable in explaining the dynamics of inflation and unemployment. Modern economists now understand that the relationship between inflation and unemployment is more complex and influenced by various factors, including structural changes in the economy, productivity, and global market dynamics. Policymakers have shifted their focus to more comprehensive frameworks that incorporate a broader range of economic variables and dynamics, such as inflation targeting and inflation expectations management.
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Brazil and Peru produce both coffee and wheat using labor as the only input. The table below shows the labor hours required to produce a unit of coffee and a unit of wheat in each country.
Labor hours per unit of coffee | Labor hours per unit of wheat
Brazil | 12 4
Peru | 6 4
Based on the information in the table above, which of the following is true?
A. Peru has a comparative advantage in producing wheat.
B. Peru has an absolute advantage in producing wheat.
C. Brazil has an absolute advantage in producing wheat.
D. Peru has a comparative advantage in producing coffee.
E. Brazil has a comparative advantage in producing coffee.
Peru has a comparative advantage in producing wheat, while Brazil has a comparative advantage in producing coffee. Comparative advantage refers to the ability of a country to produce a good or service at a lower opportunity cost compared to another country.
Comparative advantage is determined by comparing the opportunity cost of producing one good or service in terms of another. It is important to consider the relative labor hours required to produce each good in each country to identify the comparative advantage.
In this case, Peru requires 6 labor hours to produce a unit of coffee and 4 labor hours to produce a unit of wheat. On the other hand, Brazil requires 12 labor hours to produce a unit of coffee and 4 labor hours to produce a unit of wheat.
By comparing these labor hour requirements, we can determine that Peru has a lower opportunity cost in producing wheat. It takes fewer labor hours for Peru to produce wheat compared to Brazil. Therefore, Peru has a comparative advantage in wheat production.
Similarly, Brazil has a lower opportunity cost in producing coffee. It takes fewer labor hours for Brazil to produce coffee compared to Peru. Thus, Brazil has a comparative advantage in coffee production.
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chesapeake energy set a goal to improve workplace safety. to reinforce this, one year it gave out over 8 million usd in safety bonuses to over 6,000 employees for following safe work practices. this served to create a. happy employees because they got more free time. b. an effective reward and incentive program because it reinforced commitment to goals. c. a new mission statement for the company. d. an effective incentive program because employees worked harder.
It reinforced this by awarding over 6,000 employees in one year over $8 million USD in safety bonuses for adhering to safe work practices. As a result of strengthening dedication to goals, this helped establish a successful reward and incentive program. Option C is correct.
By providing financial rewards to employees who demonstrate safe work practices, Chesapeake Energy was able to create a culture of safety within the company. This culture of safety not only protects employees from potential workplace accidents but also increases productivity by reducing the amount of time lost due to injuries.
The safety bonus program is an effective incentive program because it motivates employees to work harder towards the goal of improving workplace safety. It also reinforces the company's commitment to the safety of its employees, which can boost employee morale and job satisfaction.
While the safety bonus program may have resulted in happy employees, it is important to note that this was not the primary objective of the program. The goal was to improve workplace safety, and the program was an effective way to achieve this objective.
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In Quickbooks, time data is listed on customer invoices using the: A) Timesheet icon; B) Pay Sales Taxes icon; C) Pay Employees button; D) Time/Costs button
In QuickBooks, time data is listed on customer invoices using the "Time/Costs" button.
The "Time/Costs" button in QuickBooks allows users to track and record time spent on specific tasks or projects for customers. This feature is particularly useful for service-based businesses that charge customers based on the time spent on their projects or tasks. By clicking on the "Time/Costs" button, users can enter the time details, such as the date, employee, service item, customer, and the number of hours worked. This information is then used to generate accurate and detailed customer invoices that reflect the time spent on specific projects or tasks.
By using the "Time/Costs" button in QuickBooks, businesses can effectively track and bill their customers for the time-based services they provide. This feature streamlines the invoicing process and ensures accurate billing, leading to improved efficiency and better financial management for the business.
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