The fossil record for Cenozoic mammals is so well preserved because b. Cenozoic-aged rocks are widespread in western North America.
The Age of Mammals represents a term that is frequently used to refer to the Cenozoic era, which started around 66 million years ago and is still going on now. Mammals had a period of rapid diversity during this time and emerged as the major terrestrial animals. For a number of reasons, the fossil record of Cenozoic animals is in good condition.
One of the key causes is the extensive presence of rocks from the Cenozoic era in various regions of the planet, notably western North America, which is home to several significant fossil sites. The fossils are not as ancient as those from older geological eras, which can be harder to uncover and may have seen greater deterioration through time. This is because the age is geologically recent.
Complete Question:
The fossil record for cenozoic mammals is so well preserved because
a. few other types of organisms lived during this time
b. cenozoic-aged rocks are widespread in western north america
c. there were many meteorite impacts in the cenozoic, which buried organisms
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by inhibiting calcium channels, what effect does alcohol have a neurotransmission
Alcohol is a central nervous system depressant that affects various neurotransmitter systems in the brain, including the GABA and glutamate systems.
When consumed, alcohol inhibits the voltage-gated calcium channels in the presynaptic neurons, which are responsible for the influx of calcium ions necessary for neurotransmitter release. This results in a decreased release of neurotransmitters, particularly glutamate, which is the main excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain.
As a result, alcohol slows down neurotransmission and leads to a decrease in cognitive and motor functions, including impaired judgment, slowed reaction time, and loss of coordination. The inhibitory effect of alcohol on calcium channels also contributes to its sedative and anxiolytic effects.
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which statement about the globin genes in humans is false? the genes are also found in other mammals. they are an example of a gene family. all are expressed at the same time. some different genes carry out different functions. all arose from a single common ancestor gene.
The statement "all are expressed at the same time" is false in the globin genes in humans. Option B is the correct answer.
The globin genes in humans are a family of genes that encode for the globin subunits of hemoglobin, the protein responsible for carrying oxygen in red blood cells.
The globin genes are found in many other mammals as well and are an example of a gene family, meaning that they share a common ancestor gene but have diverged over time to perform slightly different functions.
Different globin genes are expressed at different times and in different tissues, depending on their specific functions.
While the globin genes share a common ancestor, they have undergone gene duplication and divergence to produce specialized functions such as oxygen transport, carbon dioxide transport, and embryonic development.
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which statement about evolution is accurate?(1 point) responses animals, plants, and microbes have their own separate, unrelated ancestries. animals, plants, and microbes have their own separate, unrelated ancestries. dna is the only extant evidence supporting the theory of evolution. dna is the only extant evidence supporting the theory of evolution. living things have adapted and changed over time for specific, discoverable reasons. living things have adapted and changed over time for specific, discoverable reasons. scientists no longer study evolution because it has been proven.
Living things have evolved and changed over time for specific, observable reasons, as stated by evolution. The correct answer is (C).
The process by which a population's genetic material changes over time is called evolution. Changes in genes, novel traits, and new species can all be the result of evolution, which is a reflection of how organisms adapt to their changing environments.
One of the mechanisms of evolution is natural selection. It is more likely that organisms will survive and pass on the genes that contributed to their success if they are better adapted to their environment. This interaction makes species change and veers over the long haul.
Natural selection is based on the idea that organisms with traits that can be passed down better adapt to their environment than other organisms of the same species do. When compared to other members of the species, this enables superior survival and reproduction, resulting in evolution.
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Q-Which statement about evolution is accurate? (1 point)
a. DNA is the only extant evidence supporting the theory of evolution.
b. Animals, plants, and microbes have their own separate, unrelated ancestries.
c. Living things have adapted and changed over time for specific, discoverable reasons.
d. Scientists no longer study evolution because it has been proven
what area in the brain sets the respiratory rhythm? view available hint(s)for part a what area in the brain sets the respiratory rhythm? ventral respiratory group (vrg) dorsal respiratory group (drg) pontine respiratory group (prg) hypothalamus
Answer:
Explanation:
who ask
true or false once a couple makes a commitment to an intimate relationship is made by a couple, the relationship culture becomes static.
The statement "once a couple makes a commitment to an intimate relationship is made by a couple, the relationship culture becomes static." is false.
A relationship culture is not static even after a commitment is made because it evolves continuously based on various factors. Couples need to adapt to changes in their lives, such as personal growth, external circumstances, and evolving communication styles.
As a result, relationship culture requires ongoing effort and nurturing to maintain a healthy and successful partnership. Open communication, understanding, and flexibility are crucial components for a couple to effectively navigate changes and challenges throughout their relationship.
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True or False: DNA polymerase can only work to elongate DNA in the 5` --- 3` direction?
True. DNA can only be extended by DNA polymerase in the 5' to 3' direction. This is so that the 5' phosphate group and the phosphodiester bond can be formed, which is catalysed by DNA polymerase.
Why does DNA grow 5 to 3 times longer?Using a deoxyribonucleotide, DNA polymerase separates the two terminal phosphates from the nucleotide's 5' end and then uses the free energy to create a phosphodiester bond.
Why only one way of DNA polymerase action?DNA polymerase can only synthesise in one direction by extending the 3' end of the previous nucleotide chain because it needs a free 3' OH group to begin synthesis. As a result, DNA polymerase travels in a 3'–5' direction along the template strand.
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Mount Pinatubo ejected large volumes of gas and ash into the atmosphere during its eruption in June 1991. Scientists measured an average global temperature decline of about 2% during the next year. if the average temperature of an area was 25*C prior to the eruption what was the temperature the next year?
Following the Pinatubo explosion, the region's average temperature would be about 24.5°C.
What is a region?Areas are utilised in a variety of disciplines, including geography, physics, engineering, and architecture. In these sectors, the term "area" refers to the size of a surface, such as a building's floor area or a three-dimensional object's surface area.
The size of an object with three dimensions or the pace of change of an equation in mathematics can both be calculated using areas. A region's or surface's size in two dimensions is expressed as an area. Usually, it is expressed in square units like square metres or square feet.
The extent of a region or shape.
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an arrangement of microtubules located in the matrix of cilia and flagella is called the _
An arrangement of microtubules located in the matrix of cilia and flagella is called the axoneme.
The axoneme is the structural core of cilia and flagella, which are long, whip-like structures that protrude from the surface of cells. It consists of nine microtubule doublets that surround a central pair of microtubules, arranged in a cylindrical pattern.
The microtubules are connected by radial spokes and nexin links, which provide stability and flexibility to the axoneme. The movement of cilia and flagella is generated by the sliding of the microtubule doublets against each other, powered by the ATP-dependent activity of dynein motor proteins.
The axoneme is essential for many biological processes, including the motility of sperm cells, the clearance of mucus from the respiratory tract, and the movement of fluid in the female reproductive system.
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The model shows a specialized cell in the nervous system. Schwann cell What is this type of specialized cell called? OA. Tracheid OB. Stem cell OC. Osteocyte OD. Neuron
Schwann cells are specialized cells of the nervous system which arise from the stem cells of the neural crest.
The correct option is option B.
The neural crest cells which are basically known as the neural crest stem cells happen to produce a number of certain sub-lineages, one of these sub-lineages are the Schwann cells which are the glial cells of the peripheral nerves.
They can be either the non-myelinating type or the myelinating type. Schwann cells basically serve the function as the myelinating cell of the PNS as well as the support cells of the neurons.
Hence, the correct option is option B.
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Fungi are necessary evil. Justify
Answer:
The statement "fungi are necessary evil" is not an accurate representation of the role of fungi in the natural world. Fungi play a crucial role in many ecosystems and are essential to the functioning of the biosphere.
Firstly, fungi are decomposers and are responsible for breaking down dead organic matter and recycling nutrients back into the ecosystem. Without fungi, dead plant and animal material would accumulate and ecosystems would become choked with debris, leading to a decline in biodiversity and productivity.
Secondly, fungi form important symbiotic relationships with other organisms, including plants. Many plants rely on mycorrhizal fungi to help them absorb water and nutrients from the soil, and some fungi can even help to protect plants from pathogens and predators.
Thirdly, fungi have important applications in medicine and industry. For example, the antibiotic penicillin is derived from a species of fungi, and other fungi are used to produce food and beverages such as bread, beer, and cheese.
Overall, the role of fungi in the natural world is far from being a necessary evil. Fungi are essential to the functioning of ecosystems, support the growth and survival of many other organisms, and have important applications in medicine and industry.
Fungi are living organism that feed on others and are very harmful if came with contact.
Fungi harm by
spoiling food, destroying timber, and infecting crops, livestock, and people with diseases. Many foods that have been stored spoil because of fungi, mostly molds like Penicillium and Aspergillus.The majority of plant diseases are brought on by fungi, which also result in significant economic losses.
Fungal diseases of plants, like potato blight caused by Phytophthora and the Great Irish Famine can occasionally cause widespread human suffering. In a similar vein, fungi are the primary factor in the financial loss of timber in buildings. Lastly, numerous human and animal diseases are brought on by fungi.
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a city council is debating different alternatives for purifying water from a local reservoir. the council is considering ion exchange and reverse osmosis. bacterial contamination of the water supply is the primary concern, and the council has decided that dealing with this is the main criteria for their choice. which decision is the most likely outcome of this debate?(1 point)
The most likely outcome of this debate is that the council will choose reverse osmosis, as it is a more effective method for removing bacterial contamination from water compared to ion exchange.
Water is a chemical compound that has no flavour, colour, or odour and is necessary for life. It is the most prevalent substance on the earth and covers more than 70% of its surface. Numerous biological functions, including digestion, metabolism, and temperature regulation, depend on water. Additionally, it is a universal solvent that enables the transport and dissolution of several compounds in both the body and the environment. Ice, liquid, and gaseous water vapour are the three different physical states of water. The production of droplets and capillary action are made possible by its exceptional trait of high surface tension.
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Gloria was enjoying a soft drink but started to choke because this structure did not cover the opening in the larynx through which air passes.
A) larynx
B) glottis
C) pharynx
D) epiglottis
Gloria started to choke because the epiglottis (option D) did not cover the opening in the larynx through which air passes.
The epiglottis is a flap of cartilage that prevents food and liquid from entering the larynx (voice box) and trachea (windpipe) during swallowing. When functioning correctly, the epiglottis covers the glottis, which is the opening of the larynx, and directs food and liquids into the esophagus, preventing choking.
If the epiglottis fails to close properly, food or liquid can enter the larynx, causing a person to choke.
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the chordae tendineae attach to the lower surface of cusps of the ______ valve and prevent the valve from flipping into the atrium when the right ventricle is contracting.
The chordae tendineae attach to the lower surface of the cusps of the tricuspid valve and prevent the valve from flipping into the atrium when the right ventricle is contracting.
What is the importance of chordae tendineae attaching to the lower surface of cusps?
This is an important mechanism to ensure proper blood flow from the atrium to the ventricle and prevent backflow. On a separate note, pupillary refers to the size and response of the pupils, which are controlled by the autonomic nervous system. The atrium and ventricle are two of the four chambers of the heart, with the atrium receiving blood and the ventricle pumping it out to the rest of the body.
The chordae tendineae attach to the lower surface of the cusps of the tricuspid valve and prevent the valve from flipping into the atrium when the right ventricle is contracting. The term "pupillary" is not relevant to this topic, as it relates to the eye's pupil, not the heart. In summary, the chordae tendineae play a crucial role in ensuring the proper function of the tricuspid valve, connecting it to the right ventricle and preventing backflow into the atrium.
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which of the traits appeared at point 4 on the phylogeny shown?cell signalingbulk flowadhesiongap junctionsdifferentiation of distinct cell types
The trait appeared at point 4 on the phylogeny shown is Bulk flow.
B is the correct answer.
The movement of a fluid caused by a pressure gradient is referred to as bulk flow. The movement of molecules along a concentration gradient is known as diffusion. Both processes occur when a person breathes.
Wherever there exist air pressure gradients in a system, bulk or volume flow of air occurs. The thorax's bellows movement causes this visible airflow to occur.
Depending on physiologic requirements, bulk flow is necessary to carry huge volumes of liquid through the body. The environment may provide all the tissues with the nutrients they need, but bulk flow accelerates the pace of diffusion.
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The complete question is:
Which of the traits appeared at point 4 on the phylogeny shown?
A. cell signaling
B. bulk flow
C. adhesion gap junctions
D. differentiation of distinct cell types
Based on the information provided, I cannot see the specific phylogeny you are referring to. However, I can help you understand the terms "traits" and "phylogeny."
Traits are characteristics or features that organisms possess, such as physical attributes or behaviors. In the context of phylogeny, traits can be used to determine evolutionary relationships among organisms.
Phylogeny refers to the evolutionary history and relationships among organisms or groups of organisms. It is typically represented as a tree, with nodes representing common ancestors and branches indicating the evolutionary path.
To answer your question about which trait appeared at point 4 on the phylogeny, I would need more information or access to the specific phylogeny diagram you are referring to. Once I have that information, I would be happy to help you determine the trait at point 4.
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recent studies of the connection between specific genes and aspects of temperament have demonstrated that
Recent research on the relationship between particular genes and temperamental traits has shown that hereditary and environmental effects interact intricately to shape human behavior and personality.
For instance, research has discovered a number of genes that seem to be linked to particular temperamental traits, such as oxytocin receptors and social behavior, serotonin receptors and anxiety, and dopamine receptors and impulsivity.
It is crucial to understand that these genes do not simply and deterministically influence temperament or conduct. Instead, they work in conjunction with environmental elements to influence a person's personality.
Furthermore, the influences of genes on temperament are frequently subtle and depend on a variety of elements, such as the particular genetic variants involved, the environment in which they are expressed.
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melanosomes most likely move along microtubules that originate in and radiate from the
Melanosomes most likely move along microtubules that originate in and radiate from the as Melanosomes are organelles responsible for producing and storing melanin pigment in skin cells.
These melanosomes move along microtubules, which are a part of the cell's cytoskeleton. Microtubules originate from and radiate outwards from the cell's centrosome, which acts as the main organizing center for microtubules in the cell.
This movement is crucial for the distribution of melanin within the skin cells, which determines skin pigmentation. The regulation of this process is essential for preventing skin disorders, such as albinism or hyperpigmentation.
Overall, the movement of melanosomes along microtubules plays a critical role in the maintenance of skin pigmentation and health.
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the radial arrangement of microtubules around the polar centrioles in an animal cell is called a(n)
Aster refers to the radial arrangement of microtubules surrounding the polar centrioles in an animal cell.
Nine microtubule triplets form the centriole, which is a circular structure. Most of the time, the centrioles that are next to each other are at right angles. Triplets are the arrangement of nine microtubules in a ring.
The term "array" refers to the arrangement of microtubules in cilia or flagella. Q. Statement: The game plan of axonemal microtubules in cilia or flagella is called the 9+2 cluster. Reason: The axoneme typically consists of a pair of centrally located microtubules and nine pairs or doublets of radially arranged peripheral microtubules.
Nine triplet microtubules in a circular arrangement make up the majority of centrioles. A triplet microtubule consists of an entire microtubule, the A-tubule, and two additional partial microtubules, the B- and C-tubules, which are attached to it.
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How does industrial biotechnology fit into the discussion about gmos in past units
A genetically modified organism (GMO) is an organism whose genetic material has been altered by biotechnology in a way that does not occur normally through multiplication and/or natural recombination; cloned animals fall under this definition.
Why are GMOs significant in biotechnology and current society?Genetically modified crops yield more, have a longer shelf life, are resistant to diseases and pests, and even taste better. These advantages help both farmers and consumers.
Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) Today, gene technology is a significant aspect of modern biotechnology, and it is utilised to give bacteria, plants, and animals new traits, among other things. This is accomplished by introducing a gene from, say, a bacteria into a plant or mammal.
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an end plate potential is an event that involves a gain of:A. positive charge for the cell, as potassium rapidly enters.B. positive charge for the cell, as sodium rapidly enters.C. negative charge for the cell, as potassium rapidly enters.D. negative charge for the cell, as sodium rapidly enters.
D. Negative charge for the cell, as sodium rapidly enters. An end plate potential is caused by the flow of sodium ions into a cell. This influx of sodium produces a localized negative charge within the cell, which results in a sharp excitatory post synaptic potential (EPSP).
What is Excitatory post synaptic potential (EPSP)?Excitatory post synaptic potential (EPSP) is an electrical current created when neurotransmitters bind to receptors on the cell membrane of a postsynaptic neuron. This electrical current causes the neuron to become more likely (or “excited”) to release neurotransmitters of its own, leading to a chain of neuronal activity. This excitatory activity results in an action potential, which is the electrical signal released by neurons when they become “activated”. EPSPs are the basis for the way neurons store and pass along information in the central nervous system.
What is electrical gradient?Electrical gradient is the rate of change of electrical potential, or voltage, with a change in position. It is typically expressed in volts per meter. Electrical gradient is a measure of the force created by electric fields and is used to calculate the direction in which an electric current will flow.
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what traits is the shared ancestor of photosynthetic eukaryotes likely to have shared with other eukaryotic organisms?
These traits are likely to have been present in the ancestor of photosynthetic eukaryotes because they are fundamental characteristics of all eukaryotic organisms. However, it is important to note that the evolution of photosynthesis in eukaryotes involved significant changes to cellular structures and metabolic pathways, which may have resulted in additional unique traits in photosynthetic eukaryotes.
The shared ancestor of photosynthetic eukaryotes likely had certain traits in common with other eukaryotic organisms. These traits include:
1. Presence of a nucleus: Both photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic eukaryotes have a well-defined nucleus containing their genetic material.
2. Membrane-bound organelles: Eukaryotic cells have various membrane-bound organelles, such as mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, and endoplasmic reticulum, which perform specific functions within the cell.
3. Linear chromosomes: The genetic material in eukaryotes is organized into linear chromosomes, as opposed to the circular chromosomes found in prokaryotes.
4. Cytoskeleton: Eukaryotic cells possess a cytoskeleton, a network of protein filaments that helps maintain cell shape, provides structural support, and aids in cell movement.
5. Sexual reproduction: Many eukaryotes, including the shared ancestor, likely underwent sexual reproduction, which involves the fusion of gametes to produce offspring with a combination of traits from both parents.
In summary, the shared ancestor of photosynthetic eukaryotes would have had traits such as a nucleus, membrane-bound organelles, linear chromosomes, a cytoskeleton, and the ability to reproduce sexually, which are common features of eukaryotic organisms.
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5) energy released from the electron transport chain is used to pump h ions into which location in eukaryotic cells? a) cytoplasm adjacent to the mitochondrial outer membrane b) mitochondrial inner membrane c) mitochondrial intermembrane space d) mitochondrial matrix
Energy released from the electron transport chain is used to pump h ions into Mitochondrial intermembrane space location in eukaryotic cells Therefore the correct option is C.
This process is called chemiosmosis. The H+ ions move through protein channels, known as ATP synthase, and are actively transported across the inner membrane of the mitochondria. When they reach the other side of the membrane, they bind to ADP molecules and form ATP,
which is then released back into the cytoplasm for use in metabolic processes throughout the cell. By transferring H+ ions through a concentration gradient this process stores energy which can be used by other parts of the cell.
Hence the correct option is C.
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what is the ratio of adp adp to atp atp transported by the adenine nucleotide translocase, how many adp adp are transported for each atp atp transported?
" The ratio of ADP to ATP transported by the adenine nucleotide translocase is 1:1.
The adenine nucleotide translocase, which is a protein located in the inner mitochondrial membrane, is responsible for exchanging ADP (adenosine diphosphate) and ATP (adenosine triphosphate) across the mitochondrial membrane.
This means that for every molecule of ATP transported out of the mitochondria, one molecule of ADP is transported into the mitochondria in exchange. This process helps to maintain the balance of ATP and ADP levels within the mitochondria, which is crucial for cellular energy production and metabolism.
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Blood becomes 98% oxygenated in ____ seconds
Answer instanly so 1-5 secs
Explanation:
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Write a 4-5-sentence paragraph that evaluates the effect of rainforest deforestation based on the loss of specific plant structures and functions from the ecosystem. Focus your essay on the loss of leaves, stems, and roots, and use the term transpiration in your answer.
why it is important for humans to understand our impact on the environment.
whoever answer get 50 point and brainliest.
Consider the following image of a stained agarose nel representing the separation of a plece of DNA that has been digested by a series of restriction enzymes. Assume no digest fragment is of identical size to another digest fragment size Hindill + markers EcoRI Hindill EcoRI 8 w nucleotide pairs (kb) 5 AA 3.5 1 1st attempt Based on all data presented in the stained agarose gel, which of the following statements is correct? Choose one: O A The original piece of DNA was circular and was cut by EcoRi twice and Hindill only once. OB. The original piece of DNA was linear and was cut by EcoRI twice and Hindill only once. OC. The original piece of DNA was circular and was cut by EcoRI once and not at all by Hindi.
B. The initial DNA fragment was linear and only cut once by HindIII and twice by EcoRI.
By observing the distinctive DNA fragments generated following digestion with HindIII and EcoRI and comparing them to the DNA marker sizes, this can be deduced. Smaller fragments show that the enzymes cut the DNA more than once, indicating that the original DNA was linear rather than circular.
The absence of any uncut fragments reveals that the enzymes only cut the DNA once. Given that HindIII produced a larger fragment than EcoRI, it seems likely that EcoRI was employed twice and just once for HindIII.
The appropriate assertion, based on the information shown in the stained agarose gel, is:
B. The initial DNA fragment was linear and only cut once by HindIII and twice by EcoRI.
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hypochlorhydria may most likely result from what condition?
Low stomach acid can cause achlorhydria, autoimmune disorders, gastritis, skin ailments like acne or dermatitis, and pernicious anaemia, among other illnesses.
A disorder known as achlorhydria occurs when the stomach is unable to create hydrochloric acid, which is one of the elements of gastric acid. The body is guarded against infections taken with food or water by hydrochloric acid, which also aids in the digestion of food. Elderly individuals frequently have atrophic gastritis, which causes hypochlorhydria and decreased stomach output. There is disagreement about whether atrophic gastritis and the decline in stomach acid output are due to Helicobacter pylori infection or to normal ageing processes.
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Hypochlorhydria may most likely result from a condition or disease that affects the production or release of stomach acid, such as autoimmune gastritis, chronic gastritis, pernicious anemia, or Helicobacter pylori infection.
Hypochlorhydria is a deficiency of stomach acid. If you don't have enough stomach acid, you can't digest food properly or absorb its nutrients. This leads to indigestion, malnutrition and sometimes bacterial overgrowth.
A condition characterized by low levels of stomach acid, may most likely result from a disease called atrophic gastritis, which causes inflammation and damage to the stomach lining, leading to reduced acid production.
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although many chimpanzees live in environments with oil palm nuts, members of only a few populations use stones to crack open the nuts. the likely explanation is that
The likely explanation for only a few chimpanzee populations using stones to crack open oil palm nuts is cultural transmission.
This means that the behavior of cracking open nuts with stones is passed down through generations by learning from other members of the same population, rather than being a genetically determined behavior.
In other words, even though all chimpanzees have the physical ability to use stones to crack open nuts, only those who have learned the behavior from their peers will actually do so. This cultural variation in behavior has been observed in many other animal species, including primates, and is thought to be an important mechanism for adapting to changes in the environment and for promoting diversity within a species.
Overall, cultural transmission is the likely explanation for only a few chimpanzee populations using stones to crack open oil palm nuts is cultural transmission.
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sporophytes are attached to the gametophytes; green gametophytes that manufacture food; distinct leaves and roots; mosses.
Sporophytes are attached to the gametophytes; green gametophytes that manufacture food; distinct leaves and roots; mosses. This statement is true.
Alternation of generation:
In mosses, alternation of generations occurs, which is a life cycle that alternates between two distinct phases: the haploid gametophyte phase and the diploid sporophyte phase. Haploid refers to a cell or organism with a single set of chromosomes, while diploid refers to a cell or organism with two sets of chromosomes. In mosses, the green gametophytes are the dominant and photosynthetic phase, which means they manufacture food through the process of photosynthesis. These gametophytes have distinct leaves and roots that help in anchorage and absorption of water and nutrients.
What are sporophytes?
Sporophytes, on the other hand, are the diploid phase that grows on and remains attached to the gametophytes. They depend on the gametophytes for nutrients, making them somewhat like a "parasite" in the sense that they rely on another organism for sustenance. The sporophyte produces spores through meiosis, which then germinate to form new gametophytes, thus completing the alternation of generations in mosses.
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sauropodomorpha are defined on the basis of their small skulls (~5ody length), large thumb with claw, elongate femur, and elongate teeth with serrated crowns true or false
False. Sauropodomorpha are defined by a suite of skeletal features, including elongated necks, small heads, long tails, and columnar limbs, among others.
These features allowed them to grow to immense sizes and become some of the largest animals to have ever lived on land. While some sauropodomorphs may have had small skulls, large thumbs with claws, elongate femurs, and elongate teeth with serrated crowns, these are not defining characteristics of the group as a whole.
Sauropodomorpha is a clade of dinosaurs that includes the sauropods, a group of long-necked, herbivorous dinosaurs that were some of the largest land animals to have ever existed. Sauropodomorpha also includes some earlier, smaller dinosaurs that are more basal to the group, such as Plateosaurus and Massospondylus.
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