The lowest recorded air temperature at the surface of the Earth was a measurement of −89.2°C made at Vostok station, Antarctica, at 0245 UT on 21 July 1983. Here we present the first detailed analysis of this event using meteorological reanalysis fields, in situ observations and satellite imagery.
What is meant by temperature?
The physical concept of temperature indicates in numerical form how hot or cold something is. A thermometer is used to determine temperature.Thermometers are calibrated using a variety of temperature scales, which historically defined distinct reference points and thermometric substances.One of the seven base units in the International System of Units is the kelvin (SI).All areas of natural science, including physics, chemistry, Earth science, astronomy, biology, ecology, material science, metallurgy, mechanical engineering, geography, and most aspects of daily life, depend on temperature. These fields include medicine, biology, ecology, and most other branches of science.It can be very closely approximated experimentally but never actually reached, as stated in the third rule of thermodynamics. At that temperature, it would be difficult to produce heat from a body.To learn more about temperature refer to
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While you are asleep, your body needs to get rid of about 64 J of waste heat every second. The body does this by transferring the heat from the interior of your body (temperature 37°C) to the skin (temperature 30°C), where it is radiated away. By how much does this heat transfer change the body’s entropy each second?
The body does this by transferring the heat from the interior of your body. 0.2104 J/K is heat transfer change the body’s entropy each second
Calculating:The following formula can be used to determine the change in entropy caused by heat transfer:
S = Q / T, where S is the entropy change,
Q is the heat transferred, and
T is the heat transfer temperature. The temperature is 30°C (303 K) and the heat transfer rate is 64 J/s in this instance.
ΔS = [tex]\frac{64}{303}[/tex] = 0.2104 J/ K
It is essential to keep in mind that heat transfer from the body to the skin is not reversible, resulting in an increase in the body's entropy.
Entropy: What is It?The thermodynamic property entropy measures a system's disorder or randomness. It is related to the number of possible microstates (or ways in which a system can be arranged) that correspond to a particular macrostate (or observable state) of a system. It is frequently used to describe the degree of randomness or disorder within a system. The second law of thermodynamics states that systems tend to progress toward a state with greater entropy.
The International System of Units (SI) defines entropy as having Joules per Kelvin (J/K) units. Because it is a state function, the change in entropy only depends on the system's initial and final states, not on how the system got from one state to another.
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The direction of a vector can be different in different coordinate systems. (true or false)
The statement that the direction of a vector can be different in different coordinate systems, is true.
It can be possible to add a coordinate system to a vector and identity components of that vector in that particular system, but the orientation and the type of the coordinate system with the respect to the vector can be different. The choice of a particular coordinate system usually does not change the direction of the vector.
However the magnitude of a vector may or may not be different in different coordinate systems. It is possible to attach a scalar to a vector. A vector may have its magnitude equal to zero while having one of its components is nonzero. The direction of a vector can be different in a different particular coordinate system.
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1. Two uncharged metal balls, X and Y, each stand on a glass rod and are touching.
2. A third ball carrying a negative charge, is brought near the first two.
3. While the positions of these balls are fixed, ball X is connected to ground.
4. Then the ground wire is disconnected.
5. While X and Y remain in touch, the ball carring the negative charge is removed.
6. Then ball X and Y are separated.
After these procedures, what are the signs of the charge qX on X and qY on Y?
The signs of the charge qX on X is positive and qY on Y is positive after ball carrying the negative charge is removed and the balls X and Y are separated.
At the time when the third ball carrying a negative charge is brought near the first two, it gets polarized such that X contains +ve charge and Y contains a +ve charge. After this the ball X is connected to the ground when the positions of these balls are fixed and the electron move up from the ground. After that the ground wire should be disconnected. The ball carrying the negative charge is removed and the ball X and Y are separated. Due to this the electron has cancelled the net +ve charge on Y. Hence the charge on both X and Y is positive.
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a flat square sheet of thin aluminum foil, 25 cm on a side, carries a uniformly distributed 275 nc charge. what, approximately, is the electric field a. 1.0 cm above the center of the sheet and b. 15 m above the center of the sheet?
A) The electric field at 1.0 cm above the center of the sheet is 2.5 × 10⁵ N/C, B) the electric field 15 m above the center of the sheet is 11 N/C.
Side of the square sheet, l =25 cm = 0.25 m
Uniformly distributed charge, Q = 275 × 10⁻⁹ C
ε₀ = 8.8 × 10⁻¹²
a) When close to the sheet, we assume it as an infinite sheet, So,
E = σ/2ε₀,
σ = Q/l²
E = Q/(2ε₀l²)
E = (275 × 10⁻⁹)/(2×8.8 × 10⁻¹²×0.25²)
E = 2.5 × 10⁵ N/C
B) When far from the sheet, we assume it as a point charge, if R = 15 m
E = Q/(4πε₀R²)
E = (275 × 10⁻⁹)/(4π×8.8 × 10⁻¹²× 15²)
E = 11 N/C
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summary of the mankind mutation
Mutations occur in the genetic material due to alterations in the sequence of nucleic acids of the genome. Mutations are harmful as they lead to many disorders and conditions which are life-threatening.
What are Mutations?A mutation can be defined as an alteration in the sequence of nucleic acids of the genome of a living organism, virus, or the extrachromosomal DNA material such as the mitochondrial DNA or the chloroplast DNA. Viral genomes are different from that of other living organisms as they contain either DNA or RNA as genetic material.
The guanine-thymine (G-T) mutation is the single most common mutation which occurs in the DNA of human. This mutation occurs about once in every 10,000 to 100,000 base pairs in the DNA.
Mutations are of different types. From which, the deletion mutations are opposite types of point mutations. These mutations involve the removal of a base pair from the sequence. Both of these mutations lead to the creation of one of the most dangerous type of point mutations which is known as the frameshift mutation.
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a pharmacy technician measures the mass of a pill. the mass of one pill is . what is the mass in kilograms of pills? write your answer as a decimal.
The mass of one pill measured was 461 mg and for the same pill, the mass in kilograms of 100 pills will result to 46l*100/100000 => 0.046l kg. As there are 1 ms = 10^-5 kg.
What is a pharmacy technician? A pharmacy technician is a person in pharma who decides the composition of the chemicals in medicine and the size of medicine from manufacturing.
The mass of one pill is given as 461 mg and the number of pills required is 100So the total mass will be, mass of 1 pill*100 = 461 mg × 100 = 46100mg
one kilogram = 1000 grams, so the mass in kilograms will be, The same mass in kg will be 46100mg / 1000 grams
which results in 0.046l kg.
This simply shows, the mass of 1 pill was 461 mg the mass in kilograms of 100 pills will be 0.046l kg for measurements of the mass in kg of a pill.
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Calculate the frequency bob if it's time period is 25 sec
The frequency and time interval are 2 seconds and 0.5 Hz, respectively.
One oscillation: The oscillating body moves completely back and forth in a single motion, or oscillation.
The frequency is the number of vibrations the body makes in a second.
Time span: This is the amount of time it takes a body to complete one oscillation.
Time period is equal to how long the pendulum swings over how many oscillations it makes.
20/10=2s
Frequency =1/Time 1/2 = 0.5Hz
In light of this, the time interval and frequency are 2 seconds and 0.5 Hertz, respectively.
What is the best way to define frequency?How frequently a periodic wave shape or signal repeats itself at a specific amplitude is expressed as frequency. It can be measured in hertz, kilohertz, megahertz, etc.
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TIPERS
B3-CT26: CURLER PUSHING STONE-FORCE ON STONE
Two identical curling stones (the playing pieces in the sport of curling) are pushed horizontally on ice by curlers.
The instantaneous speed and acceleration of the two stones are given. Ignore the friction between the stone and the
ice.
А
B
V=3 m/s
V = 2 m/s
a = 1 m/s2
a= 2 m/s2
Is the magnitude of the force that the curler is exerting on the stone (i) greater in Case A, (ii) greater in Case
B, or (iii) the same in both cases?
Explain your reasoning.
The magnitude of the force that the curler is exerting on the stone (ii) greater in Case B
Push or pull of an object is considered a force. Push and pull come from the objects interacting with one another. The push or pull on an object with mass causes it to change its velocity.Force is an external agent capable of changing a body’s state of rest or motion. It has a magnitude and a direction. The direction towards which the force is applied is known as the direction of the force, and the application of force is the point where force is applied.Newton’s 2nd law states that the acceleration of an object as produced by a net force is directly proportional to the magnitude of the net force, in the same direction as the net force, and inversely proportional to the object’s mass. i.e. F = MaThus Force is directly proportional to acceleration of an object.
Here , Case (B) has higher acceleration. So, It will have greater force.
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a 60 kg hiker wishes to climb a hill 1200 meters high if he can generate a sustained power of 500 watts how long will it take him to climb the hill
If the hiker moves at a constant 500 Watts per meter, it will take 2.4 hours to ascend the hill (1200 meters x 500 Watts).
Explain about the Motion.The way a body's orientation or position changes over time. Translation describes motion along a line or a curve. Rotation is a motion in which a body's orientation is altered.
An object moving or being moved is referred to as motion. It's said that motion follows a pattern when it repeats. Making predictions about future motion requires the observation of patterns of motion. Friction is the name for the force that prevents moving objects from moving.
The fundamental kinematics equation of motion, which states that the distance travelled divided by the object's speed equals the amount of time required to travel that distance.
Following are the steps to determine how long it took to climb the hill:
To start, figure out the hiker's power output.
500 Watts are being produced continuously by the hiker.
Step two is to compute the climbing time.
By dividing the distance travelled by the time it took to climb the slope.
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helpp! A certain chemical reaction produces 0.0450grams of product. How many significant figures does this measurement have?
a.3
b.4
c.5
d.2
The measurement have 4 significant figures. Hence, option (b) is correct.
What is significant figures?The number that is given as digits is established using significant figures. A meaningful representation of numbers is carried by these digits.
Frequently, significant digits are employed in place of figures. By counting all of the values beginning with the first non-zero digit on the left, we may determine the number of significant digits.
The certain chemical reaction produces 0.0450grams of product.
In 0.0450, there have 4 significant figures.
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Answer: The answer is 3 sig figs, option A
Explanation:
how long does it take for a serious burn to occur when the temperature of a liquid is 140 f degrees?
A significant burn can happen in as little as five seconds at a hot liquid's temperature climb to 140° F.
Is the water hot at 140 degrees Fahrenheit?
A major reason to keep hot water at 120 degrees, especially if you have young children, is because hot water exceeding 140 degrees can potentially cause scorching. Scalding can have serious consequences and is more likely to happen to children and elderly people.
What is temperature?
Temperature is a measurement of how hot or cold something is on a specific scale.
What temperature causes the skin to burn?
According to studies, a full-thickness skin burn can occur at a temperature of 52 degrees Celsius (125 degrees Fahrenheit) in 2 minutes and a temperature of 54 degrees Celsius (130 degrees Fahrenheit) in 30 seconds.
Burn Exposure chart
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It just takes five seconds or less for a major burn to develop when a hot liquid is raised to a temperature of 140° F.
How long does a serious 140 degree burn last? It just takes five seconds or less for a major burn to develop when a hot liquid is raised to a temperature of 140° F.In order to have a full thickness burn at this temperature, adult skin needs to be exposed for an average of five minutes.A significant burn can happen within five seconds or less when a hot liquid is heated to 140 degrees Fahrenheit (60 degrees Celsius). In contrast to 120°F, where a significant burn takes roughly 10 minutes to occur, 140°F hot water can cause a serious burn in a person in just 3 seconds.Children and older individuals are at higher risk because thinner skin burns more quickly.To learn more about temperature refer
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If you pour whisky over ice, the ice will cool the drink, but it will also dilute it. A solution is to use whisky stones. Suppose Ernest pours 55. 0 g of whisky at 22 ∘C room temperature, and then adds three whisky stones to cool it. Each stone is a 32. 0 g soapstone cube that is stored in the freezer at -11 ∘C. The specific heat of soapstone is 980 J/kg⋅K; the specific heat of whisky is 3400 J/kg⋅K. What is the final temperature of the whisky?
The final temperature of the whisky is 10.95∘C when 55.0g of whisky at 22∘C room temperature, and then three stones to cool it are added.
Given the mass of whisky (m1) = 55g = 55x10^-3kg
Initial temperature of whisky (T1) = 22∘C
The final temperature of mixture = T
The mass of stone cube (m2) = 32g = 32x10^-3kg
The temperature of stone (T2) = -11∘C
The specific heat of stone is (Cs) = 980J/kg.K
The specific heat of whisky is (Cw) = 3400J/kg⋅K
Let the number of stones = 3
Following the combination, the stone cube gains hatred while the whisky loses heat.
Let the heat lost by whisky = Qw
Qw = 55 x 10^-3 x 3400J/kg⋅K x (22 - T)
Qw = 187(22 - T)
Let the heat gained by stones = Qs
Qs = 3 x 32 x 10^-3 x 980J/kg⋅K x (T-(-11))
Qs = 94.080(T+11)
We know that Qw = Qs such that
187(22 - T) = 94.080(T+11)
4114 - 1034.88 = 94.080T + 187T
T = 3079.12/281.08 = 10.95∘C
Hence the final temperature of the drink is 10.95∘C
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21) a stretched string is observed to have four equal segments in a standing wave driven at a frequency of 480 hz. what driving frequency will set up a standing wave with five equal segments? a) 600 hz
The driving frequency that will set up a standing wave with five equal segments is 600 Hz.
It is given that frequency observed for a stretched string with four equal segments in a standing wave is 480Hz.
That is, f₄ = 480 Hz
Fundamental frequency, f₀, can be calculated as,
f₀ = [tex]\frac{480}{4} = 120 Hz[/tex]
Therefore, the driving frequency that will set up a standing wave with five equal segments, f₅, is
f₅ = f₀ × 5
f₅= 120 × 5
f₅ = 600 Hz.
Hence, the driving frequency, f₅, is 600 Hz.
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Which et of condition would promote the greatet temperature change from unrie to mid-afternoon?
The combination of cloudy skies, quiet winds, and humid air would encourage the greatest temperature shift from sunrise to mid-afternoon.
The location of a place in relation to the sea is the primary factor that affects temperature. Compared to land, the sea both gains and loses heat gradually. Rapid warming and cooling occur on land.
Latitude, height, distance from the sea, and ocean currents are the four unavoidable factors that affect temperature.
Compared to land, oceans warm up and cool down considerably more gradually. This indicates that, for the same latitude and elevation, coastal areas tend to be warmer in the winter and cooler in the summer.
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The greatest temperature change from sunrise to mid-afternoon would be caused by a mix of gloomy skies, calm winds, and humid air.
The main factor affecting temperature is where a place is in proximity to the sea. The sea progressively warms and cools compared to land. On land, there is a sudden warming and cooling.
The four unavoidable factors that affect temperature are latitude, height, distance from the sea, and ocean currents. Oceans warm up and cool down much more gradually than land does. This shows that coastal places typically experience warmer winters and cooler summers for the same latitude and elevation.
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An electric light bulb has an efficiency of 21%.
350 J of energy are supplied to the light bulb by electricity,
Calculate the amount of energy transferred as light.
The amount of energy transferred as light is 73.5 J (350 J x 21%).
Can you explain the concept of lumen and its relationship to the efficiency of a light bulb?A lumen is a unit of size for the quantity of mild that is emitted through a source. Lumens are frequently used to evaluate the brightness of different light sources. The efficiency of a mild bulb is regularly measured in phrases of the quantity of lumens in line with watt of electricity fed on. A light bulb that has a higher lumen output consistent with watt is considered to be more green. As an example, a mild bulb that produces one hundred lumens in step with watt is more efficient than a light bulb that produces eighty lumens in line with watt. That is because it produces greater light according to unit of electricity fed on.
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An electric light bulb has an efficiency of 21% 350 J of energy contains the 73.5 J of energy transferred as light.
Evaluating light :Amount of energy transferred by light =( 21/100)×350
= 2.1 × 35
= 73 .5 J
Electric light bulb :A lumen is a unit of size for the quantity of mild that is emitted through a source. Lumens are frequently used to evaluate the brightness of different light sources. The efficiency of a mild bulb is regularly measured in phrases of the quantity of lumens in line with watt of electricity fed on. A light bulb that has a higher lumen output consistent with watt is considered to be more green. As an example, a mild bulb that produces one hundred lumens in step with watt is more efficient than a light bulb that produces eighty lumens in line with watt. That is because it produces greater light according to unit of electricity fed on.
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A 0.008kg balloon floats up into the air. If it has 2.40J of gravitational potential energy
compared to the ground, how far above the ground did it float? (Assume the reference height at the
ground is 0.)
a. y = 300.m
b. y = 0.188m
c. y = 0.0942m
d. y = 30.6m
The reference height form the ground level is 30.6m.
What is the distance that is covered?Let us note that when we are talking about the gravitational potential energy, we would have to look at the energy that is possessed by the object because the object is placed at a given height on earth.
Now, we have to note that the gravitational potential energy of the object can be obtained by the use of the formula;
E = mgh
E = gravitational potential energy
m = mass of the object
g = acceleration due to gravity
h = height
Then;
2.4 = 0.008 * 9.8 * h
h = 2.4/0.008 * 9.8
h = 30.6m
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in a thundercloud there may be an electric charge of 40 c near the top of the cloud and -40 c near the bottom of the cloud. these charges are separated by about 2.0 km. what is the electric force between these two sets of charges? (ke
The electric force between these two sets of charges is: -3.6*10^6 N
What is electric force?In physics the electric force is the force that attracts or repels two charges (q) separated at a distance called (r), this is expressed in the international system of units in Newton.
To solve this exercise the electric force formula and the procedure we will use is:
F = (k * q1 * q2)/r²
Where:
F = electric forcek = coulomb constantq1 = charge 1q2 = charge 2r = separation distance of the chargesInformation about the problem:
q1= 40 Cq2= -40 Cr = 2.0 kmF =?k= 9 *10^9 N*m²/C²By converting the the separation distance of the charges from (km) to (m) we have:
r = 2.0 km * 1000 m/1 km
r= 2000 m
Applying the electric force formula we have:
F = (k * q1 * q2)/r²
F = [(9 *10^9 N*m²/C² * (40 C) * (-40 C)]/ (2000 m)²
F = -1.44*10^13 N*m² /4*10^6 m²
F = -3.6*10^6 N
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a person is about 6 orders of magnitude larger than a cell. the cell is about 3 orders of magnitude larger than a molecule. by how many orders of magnitude is a person larger than a molecule?
The order of magnitude describes a relative larger or smaller quantity. Find out what a molecule means by orders of magnitude and how they are determined.
Greater in magnitude means what?In different situations, the term "order of magnitude" is also employed more loosely. Simply said, the phrase can refer to something that is much larger or smaller, a very huge or little number, a small or large volume of something, etc.
What is a quantity's order of magnitude?A number pf powers of 10 or even the numbers of power of 0.1 inside a negative number determines the order of magnitude. Ordinarily, an order of magnitude was expressed as 10 to a nth power. The order in magnitude is represented.
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during summer months, in hot regions of the united states, some homes run air conditioners continuously. how many homes can the same power plant support if average electricity usage increases to 1,200 kwh/month during summer months?
The same power plant could supply approximately 270,000 homes if the average electricity consumption rises to 1,200 kWh/month in the summer.
This is due to the fact that there is now a significant increase in the demand for electricity, which must be met by power plants.
500 mW x 24 hours/day x 30 days/month x 0.9 = 324,000 MWh/month.
The number of homes that the same power plant can serve, however, may vary based on how much electricity each household has.
324,000 mWh/month x 1,000 kWh/MWh = 324,000,000 kWh/month.
324,000,000 kWh/month/1,200 kWh/month/home = 270,000 homes.
The number of homes that can be served by the same power plant in hotter parts of the United States may rise significantly if air conditioning is kept up.
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Wich of the following factors might influence a community decision to build a new power plant
Heat rates, thermal efficiencies, capacity factors, load factors, economic efficiencies, operational efficiencies, and energy efficiencies are all elements in power plants. A power plant's performance may be expressed using several typical performance factors: heat rate (energy efficiency) and thermal efficiency.
What are the three most important variables that influence plant growth?Water, light, temperature, and nutrients are the four most important factors influencing plant development. You might be asking where dirt comes into all of this. Plants may grow without soil using a technique known as hydroponics. Plants, on the other hand, cannot grow if they are not provided with the necessary nutrients.
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a charged particle a exerts a force of 2.72 n to the right on charged particle b when the particles are 13.0 mm apart. particle b moves straight away from a to make the distance between them 18.5 mm. what vector force does particle b then exert on a
The force particle b exerts on a is -2.72 N to the left.
The force particle b exerts on a can be determined by using Coulomb's law, which states that the force between two point charges is directly proportional to the product of the charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.
Since the charges of the particles are the same, we can assume that the force is proportional to the inverse of the distance squared. By increasing the distance between the particles from 13.0 mm to 18.5 mm, we can assume that the force has decreased.
Using the formula F = k(q1*q2)/r^2, we can calculate the new force by substituting the new distance and assuming the charges are equal. Since the force was 2.72 N to the right, and the distance has increased, the force particle b now exerts on a would-be -2.72 N to the left.
This is because the force is inversely proportional to the distance squared, and since the distance has increased the force has decreased.
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If the Earth's sideways velocity could be suddenly stopped to zero, how would Earth move?
Group of answer choices
More information is needed to answer this question
It would fall directly into the sun
It would continue to orbit as before
It would fly off into space
If the Earth's sideways velocity becomes zero the Earth would still continue to orbit as before.
Sideways velocity of the earth is the rotational speed of the earth in terms of linear velocity. That is 1100 miles an hour approximately. If the sideways velocity of the earth becomes zero, objects on the earth will start flying eastward. This is due to the momentum possesses by the object on the surface of the earth. Flying of the rocks and oceans would cause the earthquakes and tsunamis. But there will not be any effect on the orbital velocity of the earth as it is governed by the gravitational force between the earth and the sun. Which ultimately depends on the masses of the sun and the earth and the distance between them.
So the correct option will be that the earth would continue to orbit as before.
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a ball is released from height h above the floor. the system is defined to be ball-earth. air resistance is negligible. when the ball is halfway to the ground (i.e. at height h/2), is its kinetic energy more than, less than, or equal to half of its maximum kinetic energy?
When the ball is halfway to the ground (i.e. at height h/2), is its kinetic energy is more than, its maximum kinetic energy.
Air exerts a force known as air resistance. Like a sports vehicle with a streamlined design will encounter reduced air resistance and experience less drag, the automobile would be able to move more quickly than a truck with a flat front.
Air resistance is what generates this force. The force of air resistance slows an object's descent to the ground more as its mass decreases. Regardless of how much their masses differ, if two items were put on the moon, where there is no air, they would fall at the same rate.
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Question 1(Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)
(03.03 MC)
In which of the following situations would sonar be most practical?
Measuring the distance between objects in the ocean
Observing internal organs
Determining the frequency of sounds
Dampening the intensity of sounds
The most practical application of sonar is measuring the distance between objects in the ocean.
option A.
What is sonar?
Sonar is a technique that uses sound propagation to navigate, measure distances, communicate with or detect objects on or under the surface of the water, such as other vessels.
So basically, sonar is applied under water to measure the distance of objects such minerals, vessels , etc.
Thus, we can conclude that the most practical application of sonar is found under water, for measuring the distance between objects in the ocean.
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Which of the following is an extensive property?A) MassB) TemperatureC) PressureD) Density
The extensive property among the following is mass. So, option A) is correct.
The property of a material known as the widespread property is dependent on the mass (or amount of matter) of the substance. Mass is the extensive property solely in the possibilities that are presented. Other than mass, all other attributes are independent of mass.
Divide the substance in half to determine the extensive property quickly and easily. It depends on mass and is an extensive property if it also applies to both of the separate portions. When a property remains constant for each half, it is said to be an intense property and is independent of mass. Examples of an intensive property include density, temperature, pressure, etc.
Hence, the answer is mass.
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during volleyball practice a volleyball is tossed over a net, starting from a height of 1.5 meters above the ground. after reaching the top of its trajectory it returns to its original height as it falls. how does the motion of the ball at the top of its trajectory compare to its motion as it passes its original height?
When a volleyball is tossed over a net, starting from a height of 1.5 meters above the ground, where after reaching the top of its trajectory it returns to its original height as it falls, the ball's speed is the same as when it was tossed, but its velocity is different.
As ball 1 gets to the top of its trajectory, its velocity becomes zero.
since not stated otherwise, we assume that both balls have the same properties
If ball 2 is released at this instance, then they both will travel down at the same time interval and have initial velocity as zero.
since vertical travel is downwards, then acceleration due to gravity g is positive for both balls.
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A beam of light strikes a mirror at angle of 23° to the normal. What is the angle between the incident and reflected beam?
The angle between the incident and reflected beam is 46° when a beam of light strikes a mirror at angle of 23° to the normal.
Given the angel of incidence (∠i) = 23°
Since the beam of light strikes the mirror at normal it is the angle of incidence. The incident ray's angle with the normal at the point where it contacts the mirror surface is used to calculate the angle of reflection.
From mirror laws we know that the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection. Then, ∠i = ∠r
Hence, as angle of incidence is 23° and the angle of reflection is 23° . So, the angle between the incident ray and the reflected ray is 23° + 23° = 46°.
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Using a balance, determine the mass of the ball and basket of the ballistic pendulum. Fire the ballistic pendulum and measure the maximum height the pendulum reaches. Use the conservation of energy (initial KE + initial GPE = final KE + final GPE, KE = 12mv2; GPE = mgh) to calculate the initial speed of the pendulum after the ball has collided with the pendulum basket. Next, use the conservation of momentum (total initial p = total final p; p = my) fo determine the initial speed of the ball before it collided with the pendulum basket.
The initial speed of the bullet before striking the basket of mass 1 kg is 1.98 m/s. Speed of each bullet is given below
To determine the mass of the ball and basket of the ballistic pendulum using a balance, you can simply weigh the pendulum and record its mass.
To calculate the initial speed of the pendulum after the ball has collided with the pendulum basket, you can use the conservation of energy. The initial kinetic energy (KE) of the ball is equal to the final kinetic energy of the pendulum (ball and basket combined), and the initial gravitational potential energy (GPE) of the ball is equal to the final GPE of the pendulum. The equation for KE is KE = 1/2mv^2, where m is the mass of the ball and v is its velocity. The equation for GPE is GPE = mgh, where m is the mass of the ball, g is the acceleration due to gravity (9.8 m/s^2), and h is the height of the pendulum at its maximum displacement.
Using the values for mass, height, and velocity, you can set up the conservation of energy equation as follows:
1/2mv^2 + mgh = 1/2(m + M)v_f^2 + (m + M)gh_f
where m is the mass of the ball, M is the mass of the pendulum basket, v is the initial velocity of the ball, v_f is the final velocity of the pendulum, h is the height of the pendulum at its maximum displacement, and h_f is the height of the pendulum at its maximum displacement after the collision.
Solving for v, we get:
v = sqrt(2gh)
Next, you can use the conservation of momentum to determine the initial speed of the ball before it collided with the pendulum basket. The conservation of momentum states that the total initial momentum of an isolated system is equal to the total final momentum of the system. The equation for momentum is p = mv, where m is the mass of the ball and v is its velocity.
Before the collision, the momentum of the ball is simply equal to its mass times its velocity:
p_i = mv
After the collision, the momentum of the pendulum is equal to the mass of the ball plus the mass of the pendulum basket times the final velocity of the pendulum:
p_f = (m + M)v_f
Setting the initial and final momenta equal to each other and solving for v, we get:
mv = (m + M)v_f
v = (m + M)v_f / m
So, by measuring the mass of the ball and basket, the maximum height of the pendulum, and the final velocity of the pendulum, you can use the conservation of energy and conservation of momentum to determine the initial velocity of the ball and the pendulum.
Speed of each bullet depending on the mass are:-
m (kg) v (m / s)
0.05 41.58
0.10 21.78
0.15 15.18
0.20 11.88
0.25 9.90
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Question - Using a balance, determine the mass of the ball and basket of the ballistic pendulum. Fire the ballistic pendulum and measure the maximum height the pendulum reaches. Use the conservation of energy (initial KE + initial GPE = final KE + final GPE; KE = ½mv2; GPE = mgh) to calculate the initial speed of the pendulum after the ball has collided with the pendulum basket. Next, use the conservation of momentum (total initial p = total final p; p = mv) to determine the initial speed of the ball before it collided with the pendulum basket.
Just say i had to catch a dollar bill between my 2 finger (flattened dollar bill)
Can I figure out how long it takes for the dollar bill to fall between my fingers?
A dollar bill is 6.14inches
Mass of dollar bill: 1gram
Answer:
Below
Explanation:
The trailing edge has to fall 6.14 inches ( mass is irrelevant)
d = 1/2 a t^2
6.14/12 ft = 1/2 (32.2 ft/s^2 )(t^2) shows t = .178 s
why did aristarchus choose the time of a half moon to make his measurements for calculating the earth -sun distance?
At a half moon, this means the Suns light is falling on exactly half of the moon. So the angle must be a right angle (same as between the moon and sun, earth and sun, and earth and moon).So ,he choose the time of a half moon for calculating the earth -sun distance
The moon and the sun appear to have the same size and have the same angle of taper. He was able to determine the distance to the sun by using the right triangle that the sun made with the moon. At a distance 100,000 times closer than the Oort cloud, the Earth orbits the sun. It is only 92,955,807 miles (149,597,870 kilometres) away on average. Astronomical unit, or AU, is the name for the distance between the earth and the sun. Additionally, we utilise it to calculate distances throughout the solar system.
He calculated the angle between the Sun and a quarter-phase moon. He discovered the angle to be 87° and deduced that the Sun was between 18 and 20 times farther distant from the moon using the mathematics available at the time.
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This indicates that the moon is exactly halfway illuminated by the Sun at a full moon. The angle must therefore be a right angle (same as between the moon and sun, earth and sun, and earth and moon).
He therefore chose a half moon to calculate the Earth-Sun distance. Both the moon and the sun seem to be the same size and have a similar tapering angle. The right triangle formed by the sun, moon, and earth allowed him to calculate the distance to the sun. The distance between the Earth and the sun is 100,000 times closer than that of the Oort cloud. On average, it is only 149,597,870 kilometers (92,955,807 miles) away.
The distance between the earth and the sun is known by the abbreviation astronomical unit (AU). We also employ it to determine distances within in the solar system.
He determined the Sun's angle with a quarter-phase moon. Using the mathematics known at the time, he calculated the angle to be 87° and concluded that the Sun was between 18 and 20 times farther away from the moon.
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