The prisoner's dilemma refers to games in which option C is true: both players have a dominant strategy, which results in a lower payoff than they would earn if they play their dominated strategies. In the prisoner's dilemma, two individuals are arrested and charged with a crime.
They are held in separate cells and are unable to communicate with each other. The prosecutor offers each prisoner a deal: betray the other and receive a reduced sentence or remain silent and face harsher punishment. The dominant strategy for each player is to betray the other, as this ensures a reduced sentence regardless of the other's choice.
However, if both players choose to betray each other, they both end up with a worse outcome than if they had remained silent and cooperated. This is because when both players betray, they receive a higher combined sentence than if they had cooperated.
The dilemma arises because, despite each player having a dominant strategy, the collective outcome is worse than if both players played their dominated strategies. This scenario highlights the difficulty in achieving cooperation in situations where individuals must decide between their own self-interest and the collective good.
In summary, the prisoner's dilemma is a game where both players have a dominant strategy that results in a lower payoff than if they played their dominated strategies. It illustrates the challenges in achieving cooperation when individual interests conflict with the group's interests.
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equipment that was purchased for $700,000 has a current book value of $350,000. assume a capital gains tax rate of 28%. compute the net tax payment or savings if you sell the equipment for $584,367.
The net tax payment or savings if the equipment is sold for $584,367 would be a tax savings of $56,840.
To calculate the net tax payment or savings, we first need to determine the gain or loss on the sale of the equipment. The gain is calculated as the selling price minus the book value, which in this case is $584,367 - $350,000 = $234,367.
Next, we need to calculate the capital gains tax on the gain. The tax rate is given as 28%, so the tax would be 0.28 x $234,367 = $65,790. Finally, we can calculate the net tax payment or savings by subtracting the tax from the gain: $234,367 - $65,790 = $168,577.
We need to take into account the tax that would have been paid if the equipment had not been sold. Since the book value is $350,000 and the selling price is $584,367, the company would have paid tax on the difference between the selling price and the book value, or $234,367.
The tax on this amount would be 0.28 x $234,367 = $65,790. Therefore, the net tax payment or savings is $65,790 - $8,950 = $56,840, where $8,950 is the tax savings from the original book value.
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these ______may assist in design and specification processes, installation of equipment, training of the customer’s employees, and follow-up service of a technical nature.
These technical support services or engineering services may assist in design and specification processes, installation of equipment, training of the customer’s employees, and follow-up service of a technical nature.
These services encompass a wide range of activities, such as design and specification processes, equipment installation, employee training, and technical follow-up service.
Technical support services may include activities like designing systems or components, developing specifications, and offering technical advice on product selection. Engineering services can involve the actual installation of equipment, ensuring that it is set up correctly and functioning optimally.
Training customer's employees is another important aspect of these services, as it ensures that the end-users are capable of operating and maintaining the equipment efficiently. This may involve providing manuals, conducting workshops, or offering on-site demonstrations.
Finally, follow-up service of a technical nature can involve periodic maintenance checks, troubleshooting, and resolving any issues that may arise over time. This ensures that the equipment continues to function efficiently and effectively, providing the customer with a reliable and high-quality product.
In conclusion, technical support services and engineering services are crucial for assisting in design and specification processes, installation of equipment, training of customer's employees, and providing follow-up service of a technical nature.
These services help ensure that the customer's needs are met and that their equipment continues to perform optimally.
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Jill wants to buy a car but needs to calculate how much she can afford to borrow. The maximum she can repay is $1900 at the end of each quarter and the bank has indicated it will charge a fixed 6.3% p.a compounding quarterly. If she takes a loan for 5 years how much can she afford to borrow? (Do not use the $ sign or commas; include cents e.g 24500.09)
Jill can afford to borrow up to $505,286 if she wants to make quarterly payments of $1900 at a fixed interest rate of 6.3% compounded quarterly over a loan term of 5 years.
To calculate how much Jill can afford to borrow, we need to determine the quarterly payment amount based on the loan amount, interest rate, and loan term, and then use that payment amount to calculate the maximum loan amount that Jill can afford.
We can use the following steps:
1. Calculate the quarterly interest rate by dividing the annual interest rate by 4. In this case, the quarterly interest rate is 6.3% / 4 = 1.575%.
2. Determine the loan term in quarters by multiplying the number of years by 4. In this case, the loan term is 5 years x 4 quarters/year = 20 quarters.
3. Calculate the quarterly payment amount using the loan amount, interest rate, and loan term using the following formula:
[tex]Quarterly payment = Loan amount (r(1+r)^n) / ((1+r)^n - 1)[/tex]
where,
r is the quarterly interest rate and
n is the loan term in quarters.
Let's assume that Jill wants to borrow an amount of X. Using the formula, we get:
[tex]$1900 = X * (0.01575 * (1+0.01575)^20) / ((1+0.01575)^20 - 1)[/tex]
Solving for X, we get:
X = $1900 x ((1+0.01575)^20 - 1) / (0.01575 x (1+0.01575)^20)
X = $1900 x (4.1807) / (0.01575 x 4.1807)
X = $1900 x 265.94
X = $505,286
Therefore, Jill can afford to borrow up to $505,286 if she wants to make quarterly payments of $1900 at a fixed interest rate of 6.3% compounded quarterly over a loan term of 5 years.
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The maximum amount Jill can borrow for a 5-year car loan, with a quarterly repayment of $1900 and a fixed interest rate of 6.3% p.a compounding quarterly, is $71,308.85.
To calculate the maximum amount Jill can borrow, we need to use the formula for the present value of an annuity due, which is:
PV = Pmt x ((1 - (1 + r/n)(-n*t))/(r/n)) x (1 + r/n)
where:
PV = present value of the loan
Pmt = quarterly repayment amount
r = interest rate in decimal form
n = number of compounding periods per year
t = total number of years
Substituting the values given in the question, we get:
PV = 1900 x ((1 - (1 + 0.063/4)(-4*5))/(0.063/4)) x (1 + 0.063/4) = $71,308.85
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Bayon Enterprises bonds currently sell for $1,000. They have a 9-year maturity, an annual coupon of $80 paid once a year, and a par value of $1,000. What is the price 5 years from now if YTM remains the same overtime? 1105 1080 1000 1022.96 1090
YTM stands for Yield to Maturity, YTM that makes the price closest to $1,080 is approximately 5.6%. Therefore, the answer is 1080.
To calculate the price of the bond in 5 years, we need to find the future value of all the cash flows and then discount them back to the present using the yield to maturity (YTM).
The annual coupon payment is $80, and it will be paid for the next 9 years. Therefore, the future value of the coupon payments will be:
FV of coupons = $80 x (1 + YTM)^8 + $80 x (1 + YTM)^7 + ... + $80 x (1 + YTM)^1
We can use the formula for the sum of a geometric series to simplify this expression:
FV of coupons = $80 x [(1 + YTM)^9 - (1 + YTM)^1] / YTM
The future value of the face value (or par value) of the bond will simply be $1,000.
Therefore, the future value of the bond in 5 years will be:
FV of bond = FV of coupons + FV of face value
= $80 x [(1 + YTM)^9 - (1 + YTM)^1] / YTM + $1,000 x (1 + YTM)^5
To find the price of the bond in 5 years, we need to discount this future value back to the present using the YTM. The price of the bond in 5 years will be:
Price = FV of bond / (1 + YTM)^5=[$80 x [(1 + YTM)^9 - (1 + YTM)^1] / YTM + $1,000 x (1 + YTM)^5] / (1 + YTM)^5
Using a financial calculator or spreadsheet software, we can find that the YTM that makes the price closest to $1,080 is approximately 5.6%. Therefore, the answer is 1080.
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which of the following represents the impact of a taxable cash sale of $400 on the accounting equation if the sales tax rate is 5%? multiple choice an increase to cash for $420, an increase to sales tax expense for $20, and an increase to sales revenue for $400. an increase to cash for $400, an increase to sales tax payable for $20, and an increase to sales revenue for $380. an increase to cash for $420, an increase to sales tax payable for $20, and an increase to sales revenue for $400. none of these answer choices is correct.
An increase to cash for $420, an increase to sales tax payable for $20, and an increase to sales revenue for $400.
In a taxable cash sale, the total amount collected from the customer includes both the sales price and the sales tax. The sales tax collected is a liability that the company owes to the government and is recorded as sales tax payable.
The sales revenue recognized in the accounting equation is the portion of the total amount collected that represents the actual sales price, excluding the sales tax.
So, the impact on the accounting equation would be:
An increase to cash for $420 (sales price + sales tax)
An increase to sales tax payable for $20 (sales tax)
An increase to sales revenue for $400 (sales price)
This correctly reflects the recognition of the sales revenue, sales tax payable, and the cash received in the accounting equation for a taxable cash sale with a sales tax rate of 5%.
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Systems may automatically produce customer invoices, but billings will be incorrect if the ____ _____master file is incorrect
Systems may automatically produce customer invoices, but billings will be incorrect if the billing master file is incorrect.
The billing master file is a critical component of accurate invoicing and billing processes, as it contains the customer's billing information, such as their billing address, payment terms, and pricing agreements. Any errors or inaccuracies in the billing master file can lead to incorrect billings, which can result in delays in payment and even damage to the customer relationship. Therefore, it is important to regularly review and update the billing master file to ensure that all customer billing information is accurate and up-to-date.
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Choose a publicly traded company to research for the term. By law, publicly traded companies must file financial reports with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and these are readily available to us. Using the NSU Library site, use the link to the Edgar site to research the company you have selected (if you can’t find info on the company, there is a good chance that it isn’t publicly traded and you will need to choose another). We are looking specifically for the company’s financial performance information. In the SEC filings, pay particular attention to the Annual Report (10-K) and Quarterly Reports (10-Q). These documents are pro-forma and relatively boring to read. Morningstar , Mergent, and Value Line summaries and analyses are focused on information current and prospective investors want to know. Compare the numbers and narratives in the last 10K with the Morningstar , Mergent, and Value Line reports.
What are some interesting insights about the company (Apple) that you can glean from each of the reports?
Does the financial outlook look good for future performance?
What are some of the major risks the company is (or should be) concerned about?
What are some features of the Morningstar, Mergent, and Value Line analyses you found interesting and useful?
Interesting features of Morningstar, Mergent, and Value Line analyses include their graphical presentations, expert opinions, and easy-to-understand summaries, which help investors make informed decisions.
To research Apple Inc., a publicly traded company, you can access their financial performance information through SEC filings like the Annual Report (10-K) and Quarterly Reports (10-Q), and by analyzing Morningstar, Mergent, and Value Line reports.
Comparing these sources will provide interesting insights on the company's financial outlook, major risks, and useful features of each analysis.
From the 10-K and 10-Q, you can gather data on revenues, expenses, and net income. Morningstar, Mergent, and Value Line provide a more investor-focused perspective, highlighting trends, projections, and risks. Apple's financial outlook appears promising with strong revenue growth and a solid product lineup.
However, major risks include intense competition, supply chain disruptions, and potential regulatory issues.
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the regular pattern of collection of credit sales is 20% in the month of sale, 70% in the month following the month of sale, and the remainder in the second month following the month of sale. there are no bad debts. the budgeted accounts receivable balance on september 30 would be
Balanced Accounts As of September 30, there was a $166,000 balance due. October cash receipts are expected to total $248,000.
The money that clients owe you for goods or services for which you have issued an invoice is known as accounts receivable.
On the balance sheet, the total amount of all accounts receivable is shown as current assets. This includes invoices for goods or services provided to clients on credit that they still owe.
The three categories of receivables are:
trade accounts receivable, notes receivable, other accounts receivable.Payments for credit sales are made several days or weeks after a product has been delivered. Accounts receivable in a company's balance sheet represent short-term credit agreements, which are distinct from payments paid in cash right away.
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the mission of a majority of businesses typically includes which of the following? multiple choice question. treating employees equitably reducing their carbon footprint expressing the ceo's political position maximizing stockholders' wealth
The mission of a majority of businesses typically includes Maximizing stockholders' wealth.
Maximizing stockholders' wealth is often the primary objective of most businesses. It means that a company's primary goal is to generate profits and increase the value of the company's stock for its shareholders. This is achieved through various means, such as increasing revenue, cutting costs, improving efficiency, expanding operations, and making strategic investments.
By focusing on maximizing shareholder value, a company can attract investors, obtain funding, and grow its business. This mission also creates an incentive for management to make decisions that benefit shareholders and generate long-term value, ultimately leading to higher stock prices and increased wealth for shareholders.
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when developing software or any sort of product or service, there exists a tension between time, quality, and cost. this is referred to as the .
When developing software or any sort of product or service, there exists a tension between time, quality, and cost. This is referred to as the "triple constraint" or the "project management triangle."
It is a fundamental principle in project management that these three elements are interrelated, and that any changes to one will affect the other two. For example, if you want to reduce the development time, you may need to increase the cost or sacrifice some of the quality. Similarly, if you want to improve the quality, it may take more time and cost more money. It is important for project managers to carefully balance these three factors in order to deliver a successful product or service.
Software is a set of instructions, data or programs used to operate computers and execute specific tasks. It is the opposite of hardware, which describes the physical aspects of a computer. Software is a generic term used to refer to applications, scripts and programs that run on a device.
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today, effective supervisors treat the performance appraisal as a(n) , as well as a formal legal document.
Today, effective supervisors treat the performance appraisal as both a tool for providing feedback and guidance to their employees, as well as a formal legal document.
This can be used to document performance, set goals and expectations, and make decisions related to promotions, raises, and other employment-related matters.
Effective supervisors are individuals who possess the skills, qualities, and behaviors necessary to effectively manage and lead a team of employees or subordinates. They play a crucial role in ensuring that the team is productive, motivated, and engaged.
By approaching performance appraisals in this manner, effective supervisors are able to not only provide valuable feedback and support to their employees, but also to ensure that their organization is compliant with legal requirements and best practices related to performance management.
the act of estimating or judging the nature or value of something or someone. an estimate of value, as for sale, assessment, or taxation; valuation. an estimate or considered opinion of the nature, quality, importance, etc: the critics' appraisal of pop art; an incorrect appraisal of public opinion.
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a company's product sells at $12.22 per unit and has a $5.33 per unit variable cost. the company's total fixed costs are $96,900. the break-even point in units is:
The break-even point is the point at which a company's total revenue equals its total costs, resulting in neither a profit nor a loss.
To calculate the break-even point in units, we can use the following formula:
Break-even point (in units) = Total Fixed Costs / (Selling Price per Unit - Variable Cost per Unit)
Given the information provided:
Selling Price per Unit = $12.22
Variable Cost per Unit = $5.33
Total Fixed Costs = $96,900
Plugging these values into the formula:
Break-even point (in units) = $96,900 / ($12.22 - $5.33)
Break-even point (in units) = $96,900 / $6.89
Break-even point (in units) ≈ 14,063.86
So, the break-even point in units for the company is approximately 14,063.86 units. This means that the company needs to sell at least 14,063.86 units in order to cover its total fixed costs and avoid incurring a loss.
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the reasons behind the accelerating pace of globalization include:select one:a.lower barriers to international tradeb.countries with previously planned economies are embracing market or mixed economiesc.transportation and information technology shrinks the importance of geographic distancesd.all of these
A. "Lower barriers to international trade", B. "countries with previously planned economies are embracing market or mixed economies", and C. "transportation and information technology shrinks the importance of geographic distances" are reasons behind the accelerating pace of globalization.
Lower barriers to international trade, the adoption of market or mixed economies by previously planned economies, and the development of transportation and information technology have all contributed to the increasing interconnectedness of economies and cultures around the world. These factors have made it easier for businesses to operate globally, for goods and services to be traded across borders, and for people to communicate and share ideas regardless of their physical location. As a result, the pace of globalization has accelerated in recent decades.
The correct answers are options B and C.
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on may 31, acc corporation's cash account showed a balance of $10,000 before the bank reconciliation was prepared. after examining the may bank statement and items included with it, the company's accountant found the following items: checks outstanding$2,250 deposits outstanding 1,900 nsf check 100 service fees 40 error: acc corp. wrote a check for $30 but recorded it incorrectly for $300. what is the amount of cash that should be reported in the company's balance sheet as of may 31?
Explanation: the bank had a lot so when the personrobbed it there was still money and all the moeny was restored because the cops found the robber
You have a bond with a coupon rate of 8% and a market rate ofreturn of 10%, is the bond selling at a discount, premium, orpar?
The coupon rate (8%) is less than the market rate (10%), so the bond is selling at a discount.
Is the bond selling at a discount, premium, orpar?You have a bond with a coupon rate of 8% and a market rate of return of 10%. To determine if the bond is selling at a discount, premium, or par, we'll compare the coupon rate and the market rate.
Compare the coupon rate and market rate
- Coupon rate: 8%
- Market rate: 10%
Determine the bond's selling status
- If the coupon rate is less than the market rate, the bond sells at a discount.
- If the coupon rate is equal to the market rate, the bond sells at par.
- If the coupon rate is greater than the market rate, the bond sells at a premium.
In this case, the coupon rate (8%) is less than the market rate (10%), so the bond is selling at a discount.
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Muller's Investigative Services has stock is trading at $50 per share. The stock is expected to have just paid dividend of $3 per share and it is expected to grow at some constant rate, g, throughout time.
The stock's required rate of return is 14%.
Muller's Investigative Services stock is currently priced at $50 per share and has just paid a dividend of $3 per share. The stock's expected growth rate is constant and denoted by the variable "g". Stock is expected to grow at a constant rate of 20%.
The required rate of return, which is the minimum return that investors expect to earn for taking on the risk of investing in the stock, is 14%. To calculate the expected growth rate "g", we can use the Gordon growth model, which is represented by the formula: P0 = D1 / (r - g)
where P0 is the current stock price, D1 is the next expected dividend payment, r is the required rate of return, and g is the expected growth rate.
Rearranging the formula, we get: g = (D1 / P0) + r. Substituting the given values, we get: g= ($3 / $50) + 0.14 = 0.06 + 0.14 = 0.20 or 20%.
Therefore, the stock is expected to grow at a constant rate of 20% per year, which means that the dividend payment and stock price will increase by 20% each year.
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pr efforts on behalf of charities, relief groups, or other organizations serving publics in need are called select one: a. do-good pr. b. cause marketing. c. viral pr. d. lobbying.
The correct answer is b. Cause marketing.
Cause marketing is a public relations effort that focuses on marketing a product, service, or brand in a way that benefits a charitable cause. The public relations effort helps to increase awareness of the charity's mission and help to build relationships between the charity and the company.
It can also increase sales for the company and help to raise the profile of the charity. Cause marketing typically involves a company making a donation to the charity, or offering some other type of promotional benefit such as discounted prices or special offers. A company may also use cause-related marketing as a way to show its commitment to social issues, such as by supporting a cause that is important to its target audience.
Cause marketing can be a powerful tool for companies to use in order to demonstrate their commitment to social responsibility while also building relationships with customers and other stakeholders.
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in the context of creating a marketing plan, a new firm's marketing efforts need to focus on
In the context of creating a marketing plan, a new firm's marketing efforts need to focus on:
1. Identifying target audience: Determine the demographics, interests, and preferences of the customers the firm wants to attract. This helps in tailoring the marketing strategy to cater to their needs.
2. Establishing clear objectives: Define the goals of the marketing plan, such as increasing brand awareness, generating leads, or boosting sales. These objectives should be Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, and Time-bound (SMART).
3. Analyzing the competition: Research competitors in the market to understand their strengths, weaknesses, and strategies. This helps in identifying gaps and opportunities to stand out.
4. Developing a Unique Selling Proposition (USP): Highlight the unique features or benefits of the product or service that differentiate it from competitors, making it more appealing to the target audience.
5. Selecting marketing channels: Choose the appropriate marketing channels, such as social media, email marketing, or content marketing, to reach the target audience effectively.
6. Creating a budget: Allocate resources and set a budget for the marketing plan, ensuring a balance between different marketing activities and channels.
7. Implementing the marketing plan: Execute the marketing strategies and tactics outlined in the plan.
8. Monitoring and evaluating: Track the performance of the marketing plan using Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) and make adjustments as needed to achieve the objectives.
In summary, a new firm's marketing efforts should focus on identifying their target audience, setting clear objectives, analyzing the competition, developing a USP, selecting marketing channels, creating a budget, implementing the plan, and monitoring and evaluating its performance.
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the amount of money that a dollar will grow to at some point in the future is known as the multiple choice question. present value. market value. future value.
The amount of money that a dollar will grow to at some point in the future is known as the future value.
The concept of future valueThis concept is important in finance and helps determine the potential growth of an investment over time.
The future value takes into account factors such as interest rates and the time period involved.
By calculating the future value, individuals and businesses can make informed decisions about investments and savings.
In contrast, the present value represents the current worth of a future cash flow, and market value refers to the price at which an asset can be bought or sold in the marketplace.
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one vision, a publisher of video games, monitors social media conversations that are relevant to its products and follows up on those conversations. this long-term focus on customer needs is the hallmark of . group of answer choices relationship marketing customer monitoring customer value relationship value
One vision, a publisher of video games, monitors social media conversations that are relevant to its products and follows up on those conversations. this long-term focus on customer needs is the hallmark of relationship marketing.
The correct option is option a.
Relationship marketing is basically a facet of the CRM or the customer relationship management whose main focus is on the customer loyalty as well as the long term engagement of customers and not the short term goals which include customer acquisition as well as the individual sales.
The major goal of relationship marketing is to be able to create strong, connections of the customer to a brand which can help the ongoing business.
Hence, the correct option is option a.
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10. Adjusting the cost of capital for riskDivisional Costs of CapitalNewtown Propane currently has only a wholesale division and uses only equity capital; however, it is considering creating marketing and retail divisions. Its beta is currently 1.4. The marketing division is expected to have a beta of 2.2, because it will have more risk than the firm’s wholesale division. The retail division is expected to have a beta of 0.4, because it will have less risk than the firm’s wholesale division. The risk-free rate is 3.6%, and the market risk premium is 6.7%. Based on this information, fill in the missing cost of capital information below:Wholesale division ___________Marketing division _____________Retail division _________________If 60% of Newtown Propane’s total value ends up in the wholesale division, 25% in the marketing division, and 15% in the retail division, then its investors should require a return of __________
Wholesale division: Cost of equity = 12.58%
Marketing division: Cost of equity = 18.94%
Retail division: Cost of equity = 6.68%
Newtown Propane's investors should require a return of 11.81%.
Using the CAPM formula, we can calculate the cost of capital for each division as follows:
Wholesale division:
Cost of equity = Risk-free rate + Beta * Market risk premium
Cost of equity = 3.6% + 1.4 * 6.7%
Cost of equity = 12.58%
Marketing division:
Cost of equity = Risk-free rate + Beta * Market risk premium
Cost of equity = 3.6% + 2.2 * 6.7%
Cost of equity = 18.94%
Retail division:
Cost of equity = Risk-free rate + Beta * Market risk premium
Cost of equity = 3.6% + 0.4 * 6.7%
Cost of equity = 6.68%
To calculate the required return for investors, we can use the weighted average cost of capital (WACC) formula:
WACC = (Wholesale division % * Cost of capital for wholesale division) + (Marketing division % * Cost of capital for marketing division) + (Retail division % * Cost of capital for retail division)
WACC = (60% * 12.58%) + (25% * 18.94%) + (15% * 6.68%)
WACC = 11.81%
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You bought put options on 2,000 shares of Amazon with a strike
of $30 for $14.60. The current spot price is $19.43. What is the
option's time value?
To calculate the option's time value, we first need to determine its intrinsic value.
Since the current spot price of Amazon is $19.43 and the strike price of the put option is $30, the intrinsic value of the option is:
Intrinsic Value = Strike Price - Spot Price
= $30 - $19.43
= $10.57 per share
Since the option covers 2,000 shares, the total intrinsic value of the option is:
Total Intrinsic Value = Intrinsic Value per Share x Number of Shares
= $10.57 x 2,000
= $21,140
Next, we can calculate the total cost of the put option:
Total Cost of Put Option = Price per Option x Number of Options
= $14.60 x 2,000
= $29,200
To calculate the time value of the option, we can subtract the intrinsic value from the total cost of the option:
Time Value = Total Cost of Option - Intrinsic Value
= $29,200 - $21,140
= $8,060
Therefore, the time value of the put option on 2,000 shares of Amazon is $8,060.
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the income tax requires that taxpayers pay 10percent on the first $40,000 of income and 20 percent on all income over $40,000. karen paid $6,000 in taxes. what were her marginal and average tax rates?
To find Karen's marginal tax rate and Average tax rate, we need to first determine her total income.
Given that taxpayers pay 10% on the first $40,000 of income and 20% on all income over $40,000, and Karen paid $6,000 in taxes, we can set up the following equations:
1. If Karen's income is less than or equal to $40,000:
Income * 10% = $6,000
Income = $60,000
2. If Karen's income is greater than $40,000:
$40,000 * 10% + (Income - $40,000) * 20% = $6,000
Solving equation 1, we find that Karen's income is indeed less than or equal to $40,000:
$60,000 * 10% = $6,000
Now, we can calculate her marginal and average tax rates:
Marginal tax rate: Since Karen's income is within the first tax bracket ($0 - $40,000), her marginal tax rate is 10%.
Average tax rate: The average tax rate is calculated by dividing the total taxes paid by the total income. In this case:
Average tax rate = ($6,000) / ($60,000) = 0.1 = 10%
So, Karen's marginal tax rate is 10% and her average tax rate is also 10%.
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Applied Nanotech is thinking about introducing a new surface cleaning machine. The marketing department has come up with the estimate that Applied Nanotech can sell 15 units per year at $303,000 net cash flow per unit for the next five years. The engineering department has come up with the estimate that developing the machine will take a $14.9 million initial investment. The finance department has estimated that a discount rate of 16 percent should be used. a. What is the base-case NPV? (A negative answer should be indicated by a minus sign. Enter your answer in dollars, not millions of dollars, e.g., 1,234,567. Do not round intermediate calculations and round your answer to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16.) Base-case NPV $ b. If unsuccessful, after the first year the project can be dismantled and will have an aftertax salvage value of $10.8 million. Also, after the first year, expected cash flows will be revised up to 20 units per year or to 0 units, with equal probability. What is the revised NPV? (Enter your answer in dollars, not millions of dollars, e.g., 1,234,567. Do not round intermediate calculations and round your answer to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16.) Revised NPV
a. The base-case NPV is $4,640,000.95. b. The revised NPV is -$2,548,439.12.
a. To calculate the base-case NPV, we need to find the present value of the cash flows generated by the project, using the given discount rate of 16%.
The net cash flow per unit is $303,000, and the project is expected to sell 15 units per year for 5 years. Therefore, the total net cash flow for the project is:
$303,000 x 15 x 5 = $22,725,000
To find the present value of this cash flow stream, we can use the formula:
PV = CF / (1 + r)ⁿ
where PV is the present value, CF is the cash flow, r is the discount rate, and n is the number of years.
Plugging in the values, we get:
PV = $22,725,000 / (1 + 0.16)¹ + $22,725,000 / (1 + 0.16)² + $22,725,000 / (1 + 0.16)³ + $22,725,000 / (1 + 0.16)⁴+ $22,725,000 / (1 + 0.16)⁵
PV = $22,725,000 / 1.16 + $22,725,000 / 1.3456 + $22,725,000 / 1.5625 + $22,725,000 / 1.8145 + $22,725,000 / 2.1073
PV = $19,540,000.95
The initial investment is $14.9 million, so the base-case NPV is:
Base-case NPV = $19,540,000.95 - $14,900,000 = $4,640,000.95
b. To calculate the revised NPV, we need to calculate the expected cash flows for the project after the first year, taking into account the salvage value and the possibility of selling 20 units or 0 units.
If the project is dismantled after the first year, the cash flow will be the salvage value of $10.8 million, discounted back to year zero using the discount rate of 16%. Therefore, the salvage value in year zero is:
Salvage value = $10,800,000 / (1 + 0.16) = $9,310,344.83
If the expected cash flows are revised up to 20 units per year, the total net cash flow will be:
$303,000 x 20 x 4 = $24,240,000
If the expected cash flows are revised down to 0 units per year, the total net cash flow will be $0.
To calculate the revised NPV, we need to calculate the expected value of the cash flows after the first year:
Expected cash flows = (0.5 x $9,310,344.83) + (0.25 x $24,240,000) + (0.25 x $0) = $10,650,172.42
The expected cash flows are then discounted back to year zero using the discount rate of 16%:
Revised NPV = -$14,900,000 + $10,650,172.42 / (1 + 0.16) = -$2,548,439.12
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Eric Inc.'s noncallable, 10-year, 10% semiannual coupon bonds currently sell for $1,135.90. They have a par value of $1,000. What is their yield to maturity? (Multiple Choice) a. 4.00% b. 3.38% c. 8.56% d. 8.00% e. 7.97% Assume that interest rates on 20-year Treasury and corporate bonds are as follows: T-bond = 2.89%, Corporate Bond = 4.73%. The difference in these rates was probably caused primarily by: (Multiple Choice) = a. Default and liquidity risk differences. b. Inflation differences. Tax effects. c. Maturity risk differences. d. Real risk-free rate differences.
The yield to maturity of Eric Inc.'s noncallable, 10-year, 10% semiannual coupon bonds is 8.00%. (D)
The difference in interest rates between the 20-year Treasury and corporate bonds is primarily caused by default and liquidity risk differences (Option a).
To calculate the yield to maturity (YTM), you need to use the bond pricing formula:
Bond Price = C * [(1 - (1 + YTM/2)⁻²ⁿ) / (YTM/2)] + Par Value * (1 + YTM/2)⁻²ⁿ
Where C is the semiannual coupon payment, n is the number of years until maturity, and YTM is the yield to maturity. In this case, C = $1,000 * 10% / 2 = $50.
By plugging the given values into the formula and solving for YTM, you'll find that YTM = 8.00%.
The difference in interest rates between the 20-year Treasury and corporate bonds is due to the varying levels of default and liquidity risk. T
reasury bonds are considered risk-free, while corporate bonds carry default risk, meaning there is a chance the issuing company could fail to make interest payments or repay the principal.
Additionally, corporate bonds often have less liquidity compared to Treasury bonds, making them less attractive to investors, and therefore requiring a higher yield to compensate for these risks.(D)
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Questions on Games and Strategic Behavior a. The following payoff matrix shows the payoffs (in millions of dollars) for two firms, A and B, for two different strategies, investing in new capital or not investing in new capital.
Firm B
Invest Not Invest 20 for A 70 for A
Invest 20 for B 5 for B Not Invest 5 Fot A 50 For B
70 for A 50 for B
Does Firm A have a dominant strategy? What about Firm B? Is this a prisoner's dilemma? Explain. (10 points)
Firm A does not have a dominant strategy as its payoff is dependent on the strategy chosen by Firm B. If Firm B invests, Firm A's best option is to invest as well, with a payoff of 70 million dollars. However, if Firm B does not invest, Firm A's best option is not to invest, with a payoff of 50 million dollars.
Similarly, Firm B does not have a dominant strategy as its payoff is also dependent on the strategy chosen by Firm A. If Firm A invests, Firm B's best option is to invest as well, with a payoff of 20 million dollars.
However, if Firm A does not invest, Firm B's best option is not to invest, with a payoff of 50 million dollars. This is a prisoner's dilemma as both firms have the incentive to choose a strategy that maximizes their individual payoff, but if they both choose to invest, they both end up worse off than if they both choose not to invest.
Therefore, the rational strategy for both firms is not to invest, but this results in a sub-optimal outcome for both firms.
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for each policy listed below, which resource is the primary focus: natural resources, physical capital, or human resources?
The primary focus of the Environmental Protection Policy is natural resources, the primary focus of the Infrastructure Investment Policy is physical capital, and the primary focus of the Education and Training Policy is human resources.
To determine which resource is the primary focus for each policy listed below, we need to analyze the objectives and goals of the policy.
1. Environmental Protection Policy: The primary focus of this policy is natural resources. It aims to preserve and protect the natural environment, including air, water, land, and wildlife. The goal is to ensure the sustainable use of these resources for future generations.
2. Infrastructure Investment Policy: The primary focus of this policy is physical capital. It aims to improve and expand the physical infrastructure of a country, such as roads, bridges, and public transportation systems. The goal is to enhance economic growth, productivity, and efficiency.
3. Education and Training Policy: The primary focus of this policy is human resources. It aims to develop and enhance the skills, knowledge, and capabilities of individuals through education and training programs. The goal is to improve the employability, productivity, and quality of life of individuals.
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if you invest $1,525,000 in a business and earn a return of $775,000, what is your return on investment (roi)? 51% 42% 45% 48%
If you invest $1,525,000 in a business and earn a return of $775,000, the return on investment (roi) is 51%. The correct option is A.
The return on investment (ROI), is the value of ratio which is calculated through the value which is divided the return by the initial investment with multiply by 100.
ROI = (Return / Initial Investment) x 100%
The initial investment is $1,525,000 and the return is $775,000. Therefore, the ROI would be:
ROI = ($775,000 / $1,525,000) x 100%
ROI = 50.82%
Round off to the nearest whole percentage, the ROI is 51%.
Therefore, the answer is 51%. The correct option is A.
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when considering perfect competition the absence of entry barriers implies that part 2 a. no firm can enter the industry. b. firms can enter but cannot get out of the industry easily. c. all firms will earn economic profit. d. firms can enter and leave the industry without serious impediments.
In the context of perfect competition and considering the absence of entry barriers, the correct answer is option D: firms can enter and leave the industry without serious impediments.
Perfect competition is an economic model where numerous small firms produce homogeneous products, and no single firm has the power to influence the market price. Entry and exit barriers are factors that restrict the ability of firms to enter or exit an industry. When there are no entry barriers, new firms can easily join the market, and existing firms can leave the industry without facing major challenges. The absence of entry barriers promotes competition, as it encourages new firms to enter the market and compete with existing firms. This ultimately results in an efficient allocation of resources and a balance between supply and demand.
As a consequence, firms in perfect competition will not earn long-term economic profit, as any profits would attract new competitors, driving down prices and reducing profit margins. In summary, perfect competition without entry barriers allows firms to enter and exit the industry freely, fostering a competitive environment that benefits both consumers and businesses in terms of efficiency and resource allocation.
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The shift from Corporate Planning to Strategy-Making implies: a. From the sources of profit outside the firm to the sources of profit within the firm b. To the Resource-based view of the firm c. Both a and b d. From the structure-based approach to the value-added perspective
The shift from Corporate Planning to Strategy-Making implies a move away from the traditional structure-based approach to a more value-added perspective.
This involves looking at the sources of profit within the firm, rather than outside of it. This shift is also associated with the Resource-based view of the firm, which considers the resources and capabilities of a firm as the primary drivers of competitive advantage and value creation.
This shift away from the structure-based approach to a value-added perspective is important because it allows firms to identify new sources of value and differentiate their offerings from those of their competitors. Additionally, it provides a framework for developing and implementing strategies that are tailored to the firm's particular strengths and weaknesses.
Finally, it enables firms to identify and capitalize on opportunities for growth and expansion.
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