When lysozyme is applied to gram positive and gram negative cells, it creates a wall-less cell called a protoplast is True. Lysozyme is an enzyme that can break down the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls, allowing the cell wall to break down completely to form a protoplast.
Lysozyme is an enzyme that can break down the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. It is a glycoside hydrolase that catalyzes the hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-linkages between N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetylglucosamine in peptidoglycan, which is a primary component of bacterial cell walls. Lysozyme is abundant in a variety of secretions, including saliva, tears, and egg white, as well as in human milk.
Lysozyme application and its effect on bacterial cells. When lysozyme is applied to gram-positive bacterial cells, it digests the peptidoglycan layer, allowing the cell wall to break down completely, resulting in the release of the protoplast. In gram-negative bacterial cells, lysozyme has little effect on the peptidoglycan layer since it is protected by an outer membrane. This leads to a spheroplast being produced. The protoplast or spheroplast is vulnerable to osmotic lysis in the absence of a cell wall.
Learn more about Lysozyme at: https://brainly.com/question/25896809
#SPJ11
what is scurvy two symptoms of it
Answer:
Scurvy is a kind of disease which is caused due to a severe deficiency of Vitamin C or ascorbic acid in the body of an individual.
Explanation: Unavailability of sufficient nutrition or not enough intake of fruits and vegetables may lead to this type of diseases.
The symptoms includes-
1. Bleeding or swollen o f gums
2. Loosening of teeth
3. Bleeding under one's skin
4. Various spots on the skin red, blue colored.
Just need the answers
The muscles engaged when pushing against a wall are labeled in the attachment.
What are the muscles engaged when pushing against a wall?When pushing against a wall, several muscles in your upper body and lower body are engaged. The specific muscles involved depend on your body position, the force of the push, and the duration of the activity.
However, some of the main muscles that are commonly engaged when pushing against a wall include:
Chest muscles (Pectoralis major): These muscles are located in the front of your upper body and are responsible for bringing your arms across your chest.Shoulder muscles (Deltoids): The deltoid muscles are located on the upper part of the shoulder and are responsible for moving your arms away from your body.Triceps: The triceps muscles are located at the back of your upper arms and are responsible for extending your arms.Core muscles: When pushing against a wall, your core muscles, including your abdominal muscles and lower back muscles, are engaged to stabilize your torso and prevent injury.Leg muscles: Your leg muscles, including your quadriceps, hamstrings, and glutes, provide the power to push against the wall and maintain your body position.Learn more about muscles at; https://brainly.com/question/29851880
#SPJ1
Complete question:
What are the muscles engaged when pushing against a wall?
1. according to the case, jaelyn's urine cultures showed pseudomonas aeruginosa. if a gram stain was conducted on the bacterial cells in her urine, what color would the cells appear under the microscope?
When gram-stained, gram-positive bacteria have a violet color when viewed under a microscope. After being stained, Gram-negative bacteria are counterstained and typically turn pink.
Light microscopy is difficult to use to see cells. Dyeing cells to a specific color gives us a better understanding of their structure and characteristics. These dyes can be used to highlight specific cellular structures because they react with various chemical properties of proteins, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates.
Cell staining under a microscope is a method for getting a better look at cells and parts of cells. It is easier to see a cell wall or nucleus when different stains are used. While most stains can be applied to non-living (fixed) cells, only some can be applied to living ones.
To learn more about microscopes here
https://brainly.com/question/18661784
#SPJ4
food and fluid passageway inferior to the laryngopharynx called______
The food and fluid passageway located inferior to the laryngopharynx is called the esophagus. This muscular tube is an essential component of the digestive system, responsible for transporting food and fluids from the mouth to the stomach.
The esophagus measures approximately 25 centimeters in length and is lined with smooth muscle that helps propel food downward using coordinated contractions called peristalsis. The laryngopharynx, situated above the esophagus, is a part of the pharynx that serves as a passageway for both food and air. A flap of cartilage known as the epiglottis plays a crucial role in preventing food from entering the trachea or windpipe, ensuring that it follows the correct path into the esophagus.
Once food reaches the lower end of the esophagus, it passes through the lower esophageal sphincter, a ring of muscle that acts as a one-way valve, preventing stomach contents from flowing back up into the esophagus. This mechanism helps protect the esophagus from damage caused by stomach acid and other digestive enzymes.
In summary, the esophagus is the food and fluid passageway located inferior to the laryngopharynx. Its primary function is to transport food and fluids from the mouth to the stomach, aided by peristalsis and the lower esophageal sphincter.
For more such questions on esophagus
https://brainly.com/question/20695235
#SPJ11
which term is defined as percutaneous techniques aimed at stabilizing weakened vertebral bodies? vertebral augmentation
The term defined as percutaneous techniques aimed at stabilizing weakened vertebral bodies is vertebral augmentation.
What is vertebral augmentation?Vertebral augmentation is a minimally invasive surgical technique that is used to treat spinal fractures that are caused by osteoporosis or cancer. In this surgical technique, the doctor will insert a needle through the skin into the affected vertebrae. The cement mixture is then injected into the vertebrae once the needle is in position. The cement mixture will solidify in just a few minutes.
This stabilizes the vertebral fracture, and the cement hardens and strengthens the vertebral bone by acting as an internal cast in the vertebral body that has been fractured.It is a technique that helps stabilize weakened vertebrae by using percutaneous procedures. These procedures will restore the vertebrae's height and improve its functional abilities. There are two types of vertebral augmentation procedures: balloon kyphoplasty and vertebroplasty.
Read more about percutaneous :
https://brainly.com/question/10528911
#SPJ11
Q4.15. When two salamander species, the red-backed salamander and the valley-and-ridge salamander, occur without the other present, their jaw structures are identical, and they consume the same prey. However, when the two species cooccur, the red-backed salamander has a slower-closing, stronger jaw, while the valley-and-ridge salamander has a fasterclosing, smaller jaw, and the two species consume prey of different sizes. Which of the following is suggested by these observations? a. Competitive exclusion b. Preemptive competition c. A trade-off between growing fast and competing well d. Character displacement
The observations suggest that the two salamander species exhibit character displacement. The correct answer is option d.
When the two salamander species occur in isolation, their jaw structures are identical and they consume the same prey. However, when they co-occur, the red-backed salamander has a slower-closing, stronger jaw, while the valley-and-ridge salamander has a faster-closing, smaller jaw, and the two species consume prey of different sizes.
This indicates that the species have undergone evolutionary changes in response to each other's presence in order to reduce competition for resources. This process is known as character displacement, where competing species evolve differences in traits such as morphology or behavior that allow them to utilize different resources or reduce competition.
Therefore, the observed differences in jaw structures and prey size suggest that the two salamander species have undergone character displacement to reduce competition and coexist in the same habitat.
hence, d. Character displacement is the right answer.
To know more about character displacement, refer here:
https://brainly.com/question/28555951#
#SPJ11
Helppp
Which statement is generally true of secondary succession but not of primary succession? (4 points)
O The end result is a mature forest community.
The pioneer community contains soil as opposed to barren rock.
O The process begins when lichens cause physical and chemical weathering.
The changes are triggered by natural disasters such as earthquakes and forest fires.
Answer:
The pioneer community contains soil as opposed to barren rock.
Explanation:
which biome receives too little water to support the growth of trees? responses deciduous forest deciduous forest grassland grassland rain forest rain forest taiga
The biome that receives too little water to support the growth of trees is the grassland biome. Grasslands receive very little rainfall, so trees are unable to grow in these regions. This is why grasslands are also known as savannas.
The grassland biome receives too little water to support the growth of trees. A biome is a large area of the Earth's surface with comparable weather, fauna, and flora. The tundra, grassland, savanna, deciduous forest, boreal forest, and aquatic are examples of major terrestrial biomes. The grassland biome receives too little water to support the growth of trees. Because the grassland biome is dominated by grasses and other herbs, they don't grow tall enough to be classified as trees. As a result, grasslands have a lot of grasses and shrubs but few trees.
The savanna is an example of a grassland biome. The grassland biome receives between 25 and 75 cm of precipitation per year. Because they receive little precipitation, they are susceptible to drought. As a result, fires are common in this region as well.
To know more about Biome please visit :
https://brainly.com/question/1930321
#SPJ11
Answer:
Grasslands
Explanation: Grasslands have too little water to support trees as it does not rain very often in more temperate
which of the following plant proteins is a complete source of protein? question 29 options: quinoa kidney beans sunflower seeds oats
Quinoa is the only complete source of protein among the given plant proteins.
Proteins are made up of amino acids, some of which cannot be synthesized by the human body and must be obtained from the diet. A complete protein source contains all the essential amino acids in the right proportions needed by the body.
Quinoa is a pseudocereal that contains all nine essential amino acids, making it a complete source of protein. It is also high in fiber, vitamins, and minerals, making it a nutritious addition to a plant-based diet. Kidney beans and oats are incomplete sources of protein as they lack some of the essential amino acids, while sunflower seeds are a good source of protein but do not contain sufficient amounts of one or more of the essential amino acids to be considered a complete protein source.
Hence, the correct option is "quinoa".
To learn more about quinoa refer to:
https://brainly.com/question/24238246
#SPJ11
If you were studying the functions of skeletal muscle, you would be studying all of the following except:
protecting internal organs.
movement.
holding the head erect.
production of blood cells.
helping maintain a constant body temperature.
Answer:
Helping maintain a constant body temperature
Explanation:
The skeletal muscle does not maintain body temperature
It aids movement
It serves as a form of protection for the internal organs for example rib cage for the liver
The bone marrow produces red blood cells
But the skeleton doesn't maintain the body temperature
the life cycles of plant species alternate between haploid and diploid generations. the haploid generation is called the
The haploid generation is called the gametophyte in the life cycles of plant species that alternate between haploid and diploid generations.
A life cycle is a sequence of developmental stages in the lives of sexually reproducing organisms, from the time they are born until they produce offspring themselves. It involves a series of changes in form and function that are repeated from one generation to the next. The haploid generation, known as the gametophyte, is the phase of the plant life cycle in which the plant produces haploid gametes, which are sex cells with only one set of chromosomes. Gametes from two separate organisms combine during fertilization to form a diploid zygote, which grows into the next phase of the plant life cycle, the diploid generation. The diploid generation, known as the sporophyte, is the stage of the plant life cycle in which the zygote develops into a multicellular organism that produces spores. The spores are haploid and can develop into new gametophytes. This is the beginning of the next haploid generation, and the cycle repeats itself. The life cycle of plants, therefore, is characterized by a regular alternation between diploid and haploid generations.Learn more about diploid generation: https://brainly.com/question/9217496
#SPJ11
what are some of the benefits associated with the genetic modification of animals? check all that apply. check all that apply increased levels of methane gas increased levels of methane gas the production of leaner meatsthe production of leaner meats faster growth ratefaster growth rate the production of pharmaceutical compoundsthe production of pharmaceutical compounds higher nutritional contenthigher nutritional content
The benefits wind-moving human well-being, improving food creation, diminishing ecological effects, streamlining creature well-being and government aid, and creating state-of-the-art modern applications.
A few advantages of hereditary designing in horticulture are expanded harvest yields, diminished costs for food or medication creation, decreased need for pesticides, upgraded supplement structure and food quality, protection from irritations and sickness, more noteworthy food security, and health advantages to the world's developing populace.
Most creatures that are GMOs are delivered for use in lab research. These creatures are utilized as "models" to concentrate on the capability of explicit qualities and, ordinarily, how the qualities connect with well-being and infection. Some GMO creatures, be that as it may, are delivered for human utilization.
To learn more about ecological effects, here
https://brainly.com/question/12343848?
#SPJ4
It is estimated that as many as a __________ of all ocean life depends on coral reefs.
It is estimated that as many as a quarter of all ocean life depends on coral reefs.
What are coral reefs?
Coral reefs are structures formed by the accumulation of hard skeletons made up of coral polyps. Coral reefs are underwater ridges and mounds that are made up of coral skeletons, algae, and calcium carbonate deposits found in tropical and sub-tropical ocean waters. Coral reefs are home to a diverse range of marine animals and plants, as well as providing ecosystem services like food and shoreline protection.
Coral reefs are thought to be among the most diverse and complex ecosystems on the planet. They are an important part of many marine food webs and provide shelter and breeding grounds for a wide variety of fish and other marine creatures. Coral reefs also play a crucial role in the health and functioning of the ocean ecosystem, as they help to regulate the pH and carbon dioxide levels of seawater.In conclusion, it is estimated that as many as a quarter of all ocean life depends on coral reefs.
Coral reefs are an essential part of the ocean ecosystem, providing habitat and food for a wide variety of marine animals and plants. They also help to regulate the pH and carbon dioxide levels of seawater, making them important for the overall health and functioning of the ocean ecosystem.
See more about ocean in:
https://brainly.com/question/237865
#SPJ11
the oxygen exchange between the red blood cells and the alveoli is driven by diffusion. this diffusion is due to the
The oxygen exchange between the red blood cells and the alveoli is driven by diffusion. this diffusion is due to the lower pressure of oxygen in the red blood cells.
Red blood cells, also known as erythrocytes, are one of the main types of blood cells in the human body. They are responsible for transporting oxygen from the lungs to the body's tissues, and carbon dioxide from the tissues to the lungs for removal. Red blood cells are biconcave discs that are small in size, measuring about 7.5 micrometers in diameter.
They contain a protein called hemoglobin, which binds with oxygen and gives the cells their characteristic red color. Red blood cells are produced in the bone marrow and have a lifespan of about 120 days. They are constantly being produced and broken down in the body, with the spleen playing a major role in removing old or damaged red blood cells.
To learn more about Red blood cells visit here:
brainly.com/question/17890844
#SPJ4
the myocardium receives its blood supply from the coronary arteries. group of answer choices true false
The given statement " the myocardium receives its blood supply from the coronary arteries " is True
The myocardium, which is the muscular middle layer of the heart wall, receives its blood supply from the coronary arteries. The coronary arteries are the two main vessels that branch off from the aorta and travel through the myocardium, supplying the heart muscle with oxygen-rich blood.
The coronary arteries are responsible for providing the myocardium with oxygen-rich blood and essential nutrients, which are vital for the heart muscle to function properly and maintain its normal rhythm. Without a sufficient supply of oxygen-rich blood, the heart muscle will not be able to perform its job correctly.
Know more about myocardium here:
https://brainly.com/question/12540986
#SPJ11
when the action potential reaches the end of the axon, it triggers a release of chemical molecules called:
When the action potential reaches the end of the axon, it triggers the release of chemical molecules called neurotransmitters.
Neurotransmitters are chemicals that are released from one neuron and bind to receptors on other neurons. They can either excite or inhibit the receiving neuron, depending on the type of neurotransmitter released. Neurotransmitters travel across the synapse and, when they bind to their receptors, an electrical or chemical signal is sent to the receiving neuron.
This can lead to the formation of a new action potential, which can travel down the receiving neuron's axon and lead to further chemical reactions.
The overall process of neurotransmitter release, receptor binding, and electrical or chemical signals between neurons is what allows neurons to communicate with each other, resulting in the formation of memories, emotions, and responses to various stimuli.
To learn more about axon, click here:
https://brainly.com/question/22935372
#SPJ11
in your experiments you used spectrophotometry to measure photosynthetic activity. explain the relationsjip between the absorbance of a sample from your study and photosynthetic activity.
In your experiments you used spectrophotometry to measure photosynthetic activity. explain the relationsjip between the absorbance of a sample from your study and photosynthetic activity is the more light absorbed by the sample, the more photosynthesis takes place.
A spectrophotometer is used to measure the transmittance or absorbance of a sample as a function of wavelength. Each medium will absorb light at a certain wavelength depending on the compound or color formed.
In this experiment, this tool measures the amount of light absorbed by the sample, which is directly proportional to the amount of photosynthetic activity. Therefore, the absorbance value of the sample can be used to determine the level of photosynthetic activity.
Learn more about photosynthetic at:
https://brainly.com/question/15510132
#SPJ11
what did the study of pediatrician erika von mutius show with respect to exposure to microbes and susceptibility to allergies and asthma?
The study conducted by pediatrician Erika von Mutius in the late 1990s showed that children who were exposed to more environmental microbes were significantly less likely to suffer from allergies and asthma compared to those who had less microbial exposure.
The study was one of the first to demonstrate the importance of environmental exposure to microbes in regulating the immune system and reducing the risk of allergies and asthma. This has been supported by multiple other studies since then, showing that exposure to a wide range of microbes early in life can protect against the development of allergies and asthma. Exposure to microbes also helps to develop a robust immune system that can better combat potential allergens and reduce the risk of asthma attacks. In short, this study highlighted the importance of exposure to a wide range of microbes in reducing the risk of allergies and asthma.
For more such questions on Environmental microbes.
https://brainly.com/question/25002263#
#SPJ11
information flow can be altered by mutation. describe three different types of mutations and their effect on protein synthesis
Mutations can alter the information flow in a cell and have a dramatic effect on protein synthesis. Point mutations, frameshift mutations, and insertions/deletions can all result in the production of a misfolded or non-functional protein, and they can also affect gene expression.
Mutations are changes in the genetic material of a cell, and they can alter the flow of information and affect protein synthesis. There are three main types of mutations that affect protein synthesis: point mutations, frameshift mutations, and insertions/deletions.
Point Mutations occur when a single base pair in the DNA is altered. This can result in an incorrect amino acid being incorporated into the protein, leading to a misfolded protein or a non-functional protein. Point mutations can also change the regulatory sequences, which can result in decreased or increased expression of a gene.
Frameshift Mutations happen when a single base pair is deleted or inserted into the DNA, resulting in the reading frame of the codon being shifted. This can drastically alter the protein that is produced, leading to a misfolded or non-functional protein.
Insertions/Deletions occur when one or more base pairs are added or removed from the DNA, respectively. This can result in the production of a truncated protein, or a non-functional protein. Insertions and deletions can also affect the regulatory sequences of the gene, which can lead to decreased or increased expression of a gene.
To know more about Mutation refer to-
https://brainly.com/question/17130462#
#SPJ11
can you identify whether certain events occur in meiosis i or meiosis ii? sort each event to the appropriate bin. resethelp to move to drop area press tab key. meiosis idroppable meiosis iidroppable
Events in meiosis I include crossing over, pairing of homologous chromosomes, and arrangement of homologous pairs at the metaphase plate, while events in meiosis II include separation of sister chromatids and alignment of individual chromosomes at the metaphase plate.
In meiosis, I, crossing over occurs between the non-sister chromatids of each homologous pair, and pairs of homologous chromosomes are arranged at the metaphase plate.
This is the stage where homologous chromosomes separate, leading to the formation of two haploid daughter cells with a mixture of maternal and paternal chromosomes.
Meiosis II is the stage where the breakdown of proteins holding the sister chromatids together at the centromere allows the chromatids to separate and move toward opposite poles, and individual chromosomes line up at the metaphase plate.
The end result of meiosis II is four haploid daughter cells, each containing a single set of chromosomes.
Learn more about meiosis at
https://brainly.com/question/29383386
#SPJ4
The question is -
Can you identify whether certain events occur in meiosis I or meiosis II? Sort each event to the appropriate bin.
Reset Help Crossing over occurs between the non-sister chromatids of each homologous pair.
The breakdown of proteins holding the sister chromatids together at the centromere allows the chromatids to separate and move toward opposite poles.
Individual chromosomes line up at the metaphase plate.
Pairs of homologous chromosomes are arranged at the metaphase plate.
how many hours will it take for a motor protein to transport another molecule a distance of 1 meter?
The motor protein will take approximately 1000 hours to transport another molecule at a distance of 1 meter.
What is a motor protein? A motor protein is a type of molecule that generates movement within cells, transporting molecules from one location to another. Kinesin and dynein are examples of motor proteins that are involved in the intracellular transport of organelles, proteins, and RNA.
The steps involved in intracellular transport are as follows: The motor protein attaches to the cargo at the beginning of the transport. The protein changes its shape and moves forward along the cytoskeleton, pulling the cargo behind it. The motor protein continues to move until it reaches its destination or until the transport is stopped.
Movement can be powered by a number of different energy sources, including ATP hydrolysis, proton gradients, and light. The motor protein will take approximately 1000 hours to transport another molecule at a distance of 1 meter.
To know more about motor protein, refer here:
https://brainly.com/question/2556143#
SPJ11#
Use the following information to answer the questions below.
Succinate dehydrogenase catalyzes the conversion of succinate to fumarate. The reaction is inhibited by malonic acid, which resembles succinate but cannot be acted upon by succinate dehydrogenase. Increasing the ratio of succinate to malonic acid reduces the inhibitory effect of malonic acid.
Based on this information, which of the following is correct?
Question 26 options:
Succinate is the substrate, and fumarate is the product.
Fumarate is the product, and malonic acid is a noncompetitive inhibitor.
Succinate dehydrogenase is the enzyme, and fumarate is the substrate.
Succinate dehydrogenase is the enzyme, and malonic acid is the substrate.
Succinate is the substrate, and fumarate is the product.
Succinate dehydrogenase is an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of succinate to fumarate in the citric acid cycle. Inhibition of this enzyme by malonic acid suggests that malonic acid is a competitive inhibitor that competes with succinate for the active site of succinate dehydrogenase but cannot be acted upon by the enzyme.
Increasing the ratio of succinate to malonic acid reduces the inhibitory effect of malonic acid because the more substrate (succinate) there is, the more likely it is to bind to the active site of the enzyme instead of the inhibitor (malonic acid).
Therefore, succinate is the substrate that is acted upon by the enzyme, and fumarate is the product that is produced by the catalytic activity of succinate dehydrogenase. Malonic acid, on the other hand, is a competitive inhibitor that prevents the enzyme from binding to its natural substrate, succinate.
To know more about substrate, refer here:
https://brainly.com/question/22428921#
#SPJ11
essien is meditating and focusing on his breathing. what changes are occurring in his thoracic cavity when he inhales?
When Essien inhales, the muscles of the thoracic cavity contract, the rib cage expands, the pressure inside the thoracic cavity decreases, air enters the thoracic cavity, the lungs expand, and the diaphragm contracts, all of which work together to facilitate the inhalation process.
Essien is meditating and focusing on his breathing.
When he inhales, the muscles of the thoracic cavity contract and cause the rib cage to expand. This increases the volume of the thoracic cavity, which results in a decrease in pressure.
As the pressure inside the thoracic cavity decreases, air rushes in through the trachea and into the lungs, allowing oxygen to be delivered to the body.
As air enters the thoracic cavity, the lungs expand, increasing the capacity of the thoracic cavity to hold more air and making the inhalation process more effective. Additionally, the diaphragm contracts, which further increases the capacity of the thoracic cavity to hold air.
For more such questions on Inhalation process.
https://brainly.com/question/2088563#
#SPJ11
For a certain type of plant, the gene for red flower color is dominant while
the gene for yellow flower color is recessive. Two plants with red flowers
produce an offspring with yellow flowers. Which best describes the genes
of the parent plants?
O both parents carry one recessive gene
Oneither parents carry a recessive gene
O one parent carries two recessive genes, but the other does not
one parent carries the recessive gene, but the other does not
The right response is: One recessive gene is carried by each parent.
This indicates that both parents contain one recessive allele for yellow flowers and are heterozygous for the flower color gene (Rr), with the dominant allele for red flowers (R) manifested in their phenotypic (r).
There is a 25% probability that when they have a child, the child will inherit the recessive allele from each parent and have the recessive phenotype (yellow flowers).
Mendel genetics: What is it?Gregor Mendel's experiments from the middle of the 19th century served as the basis for the study of inheritance patterns in organisms, which is known as Mendel genetics. Mendel developed his rules of inheritance, which are still used to comprehend genetic inheritance in all organisms, using pea plants to analyze the inheritance of traits.Mendel's laws of inheritance include the laws of segregation and independent assortment. The laws of segregation and independent assortment indicate that pairs of genes separate throughout the development of gametes and that genes for various traits are inherited independently of one another. These laws clarify how features are passed down from parents to children and how populations develop genetic diversity.learn more about Mendel genetics here
https://brainly.com/question/516014
#SPJ1
Fill-In The Blank: Replication, RNA, and Transcription
DNA Structure Word Bank: You can use a term more than once.
Backbone DNA ligase cytosine deoxyribose DNA DNA polymerase
double helix hydrogen helicase nitrogenous base nucleotides 5’ to 3’ Okasaki fragments protein parent strands purines making proteins
3’ to 5’ pyrimidines ribose RNA 2 identical
single strand storing thymine uracil lagging strand
leading strand nucleus cytoplasm mRNA RNA Polymerase
DNA must replicate as part of cell division. The enzyme that causes DNA to unwind is called (1) helicase. It breaks the hydrogen bonds between the complementary nitrogenous base pairs, separating the double helix into two _(2)______________________. Each of these parent strands serves as a template for new DNA. The enzyme that connects complementary bases of free nucleotides is called (3)________________________. The new complementary strands are made in the (4)_______________direction. Thus, the parent strand is read in the (5) ___________direction. The (6) _________________is made in one continuous strand and follows in the same direction as helicase. The (7) ____________ is created in pieces, called (8) ____________. To connect these pieces, (9) __________ is used to insert the missing nucleotides. The end result is (10) ______________ copies of the original DNA molecule. This entire process takes place in the (11) _________________.
Ribose nucleic acid, (12)__________________ for short, is composed of the same subunits as DNA, except that the thymine bases are replaced with (13)______________________ bases and the sugar backbone is composed of a (14)______________________ sugar. RNA forms a (15)____________________________ structure. While DNA is responsible for (16)______________________ the genetic code, RNA uses the genetic code for _(17)_______________________________.
The process of transcription occurs in the _(18)____________. The purpose of this process is to copy a specific code in the DNA (called a gene) into (19)___________. Transcription begins when an enzyme called (20)_____________ opens DNA and reads the DNA in a (21) ______________ direction. As it does so, it creates an mRNA strand in the (22)___________ direction. When this process is completed, mRNA will eventually leave the (23)__________. MRNA will carry the DNA code on how to make a specific (24) ________
DNA must replicate as part of cell division. The enzyme that causes DNA to unwind is called helicase.
It breaks the hydrogen bonds between the complementary nitrogenous base pairs, separating the double helix into two single strands.
Each of these parent strands serves as a template for new DNA. The enzyme that connects complementary bases of free nucleotides is called DNA polymerase.
The new complementary strands are made in the 5' to 3' direction.
Thus, the parent strand is read in the 3' to 5' direction.
the leading strand is made in one continuous strand and follows in the same direction as helicase.
The lagging strand is created in pieces, called Okazaki fragments.
To connect these pieces, DNA ligase is used to insert the missing nucleotides.
The end result is 2 identical copies of the original DNA molecule.
This entire process takes place in the nucleus.
Ribose nucleic acid, RNA for short, is composed of the same subunits as DNA, except that the thymine bases are replaced with uracil bases and the sugar backbone is composed of a ribose sugar.
RNA forms a single-stranded structure.
While DNA is responsible for storing the genetic code, RNA uses the genetic code for making proteins.
The process of transcription occurs in the nucleus.
The purpose of this process is to copy a specific code in the DNA (called a gene) into mRNA.
Transcription begins when an enzyme called RNA polymerase opens DNA and reads the DNA in a 3' to 5' direction.
As it does so, it creates an mRNA strand in the 5' to 3' direction.
When this process is completed, mRNA will eventually leave the nucleus.
MRNA will carry the DNA code on how to make a specific protein.
To know more about DNA, visit: brainly.com/question/29776206
#SPJ4
which of the following is not a function of the sympathetic nervous system? question 3 options: a) dilation of blood vessels in the muscles b) constriction of blood vessels in the muscles c) increases in the heart and respiratory rates d) constriction of blood vessels in the digestive system
Answer: The answer would be B.
Explanation: The SNS is related to the fight or flight response system, regulated by adrenaline and cortisol. An influx of both would cause more blood flow to muscles, and an increase in heart rate and respiratory rates. The increase allows for the adrenaline to get to important areas of the body quickly.
Hope this helps :D
Constriction of blood vessels in the digestive system is not a function of the sympathetic nervous system. Option d.
The sympathetic nervous system is a part of the autonomic nervous system and its main role is to prepare the body for stressful situations by increasing the heart rate, dilating the pupils, increasing the respiration rate, and raising the blood pressure.
The sympathetic nervous system also increases the flow of blood to the muscles, which is achieved by dilating the blood vessels in the muscles.
However, the sympathetic nervous system does not cause constriction of blood vessels in the digestive system. Instead, this function is performed by the parasympathetic nervous system, which has a calming and relaxing effect on the body.
To learn more about nervous, click here:
https://brainly.com/question/29355295
#SPJ11
which of the following micronutrients are important for production of atp in athletes? multiple select question. vitamin b-6 vitamin d riboflavin vitamin e
Micronutrients that are important for the production of ATP in athletes are Vitamin B-6, Riboflavin, and Vitamin E. Vitamin D, on the other hand, is not directly involved in the production of ATP.
Vitamin B-6 is important for the synthesis of neurotransmitters, the metabolism of proteins and carbohydrates, and energy production. It is especially important for athletes, as it helps to maintain normal levels of blood glucose, which is necessary for energy during physical activity. Riboflavin helps to produce energy from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins and is important for muscle contraction. Vitamin E is an important antioxidant that helps protect against cell damage and supports energy production.
Learn more about Micronutrients: https://brainly.com/question/6974286
#SPJ11
an aabb organism produces the following gametes: ab 25% ab 25% ab 25% ab 25% are a and b on the same chromosome? why?
Genes A and B are not on the same chromosome.
The law of independent assortment is one of the laws of inheritance that describes the way different genes independently separate from one another when reproductive cells develop. When two or more characteristics are studied, the law of independent assortment helps to determine the proportion of traits produced by different gametes. Chromosomes do not assort independently if they are linked.
If genes are closely linked on a chromosome, they may have a higher chance of being inherited together. When genes are unlinked, they will assort independently, and the gamete frequency is an indicator of their independence. If genes are on the same chromosome, they will tend to stick together when crossing over occurs, making the gamete frequencies of each kind non-equal. Chromosome structure and the frequency of recombination are the most important factors that influence linkage.
Therefore, it can be concluded that genes A and B are not on the same chromosome.
To know more about genes, refer here:
https://brainly.com/question/29890636#
#SPJ4
which of the following mutations would be likely to produce s. pombe cells that are enlongated and which require a long time to complete mitosis ? group of answer choices a mutation that increases activity of cak. a mutation in cdk that prevents it from being phosphorylated by wee1. a mutation that increases activity of cdc25. a mutation that abolishes cdc25 activity. a mutation that abolishes wee1 activity
The mutation that would be most likely to produce S. pombe cells that are elongated and which require a long time to complete mitosis is the mutation that abolishes wee1 activity.
When the function of wee1 kinase is removed, the cell cycle is pushed forward, and cells take a longer time to complete mitosis because the cells spend more time in the G2 phase. During the S phase of the cell cycle, DNA replication occurs, which means that each chromosome produces two identical copies. Afterward, the cell goes through the G2 phase, during which the spindle formation is monitored, the cell ensures that each chromosome's DNA is replicated, and the chromatin is further condensed. This G2 phase ensures that the cell is ready to enter mitosis after G2 phase.
Finally, the cell enters the mitotic phase or M phase, during which the chromosomes are divided into daughter cells. So, a mutation that abolishes wee1 activity is most likely to produce S. pombe cells that are elongated and which require a long time to complete mitosis.
Learn more about cell cycle at https://brainly.com/question/5034994
#SPJ11
which of the following vitamins and supplements is an essential amino acid found in meat and dairy, used to manufacture proteins, and has no direct influence on metabolic pathways in the body? multiple choice question. taurine riboflavin tyrosine phenylalanine malic acid
The following vitamins and supplements is an essential amino acid found in meat and dairy, used to manufacture proteins, and has no direct influence on metabolic pathways in the body is taurine.
Taurine is found in a wide range of foods such as seafood, meat, and dairy products, and is also available as a dietary supplement. It plays an important role in many physiological processes such as stabilizing cell membranes, protecting cells from damage, aiding in the digestion of fats and lipids, and helping to regulate electrolyte balance. Taurine differs from other essential amino acids as it does not act as a building block of proteins or have any direct influence on metabolic pathways in the body. Instead, it functions as an organic osmolyte, helping to maintain cellular osmotic pressure and stabilizing cell volume. Taurine also helps to regulate neurotransmission, glucose levels, and blood pressure.
In addition to its role in the body, taurine is also important for infants as it helps in the development of their brain and nervous system. Taurine deficiencies can cause an array of health issues such as impaired vision, learning disabilities, and impaired coordination. Overall, taurine is an essential amino acid that is found in a variety of foods and is important for many physiological processes in the body. It does not act as a building block of proteins or have any direct influence on metabolic pathways in the body, but instead helps to maintain cellular osmotic pressure and regulate neurotransmission, glucose levels, and blood pressure.
Learn more about taurine at:
https://brainly.com/question/28214730
#SPJ11