Two protein kinases, PK1 and PK2, work sequentially in an intracellular signaling pathway.You create cells that contain inactivating mutations in the genes that encode either PK1 or PK2 and find that these cells no longer respond to a particular extracellular signal.You also create cells containing a version of PK1 that is permanently active and find that the cells behave as though they are receiving the signal even when the signal is not present.When you introduce the permanently active version of PK1 into cells that have an inactivating mutation in PK2, you find that these cells also behave as though they are receiving the signal even when no signal is present.
A.From these results, does PK1 activate PK2, or does PK2 activate PK1? Explain your answer.
B.You now create a permanently active version of PK2 and find that cells containing this version behave as though they are receiving the signal even when the signal is not present.What do you predict will happen if you introduce the permanently active version of PK2 into cells that have an inactivating mutation in PK1?

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

a. PK2 activates PK1

b. no response would be produced

Explanation:

Kinases are enzymes known to phosphorylate different substrates, thereby activating/inactivating them. In this case, a mutation that produces a constitutively (permanently) active PK1 kinase is itself able to continue the signaling pathway, independently of whether or not PK2 is present. This constitutive mutation shows that PK1 is recruited to continue signaling events within the cell and, therefore, PK1 activation is downstream in the signaling pathway. Conversely, cells containing active PK2 and inactive PK1 would be unable to continue the signaling pathway since PK2 activation is upstream of the induction of PK1, and thereby these cells cannot respond to the signal (PK2 activation).


Related Questions

Sometimes an organ can be replaced by moving it from one part of the body to another. This can be done, for example, to replace damaged skin or joints. In these cases: rejection of the transplanted organ would not be expected. antibodies would be generated against the transplanted organ. antigens would be generated against the transplanted organ. immunosuppressant drugs would be required to prevent transplant rejection. rejection of the transplanted organ would still be expected.

Answers

Answer:

rejection of the transplanted organ would not be expected.

Explanation:

Organs can be defined as specialized body tissues united to perform specific functions in living organisms. Some examples of organs found in humans are brain, bladder, kidney, heart, intestine, eyes, lungs, liver, etc.

In the field of Medicine and Surgery, an organ is sometimes replaced for specific reasons, by moving it from one part of the body to another; this process is generally referred to as a transplant. Thus, it's mainly done to replace damaged skin or joints in the body of a living organism such as humans.

Hence, in these cases, rejection of the transplanted organ would not be expected because an examination and matching of the organ is carried out by the medical professionals before transplant.

how much oil was released in the cuyahoga river

Answers

Answer:

about 90

Explanation:

6. How might protein synthesis execute differently if a mutation occurs?

Answers

Answer:

The wrong protein can be created or the right one with abnormal function.

Explanation:

The mutated DNA is taken through the whole protein synthesis process and translated by the rRNA and tRNA to create a protein from that new sequence.

Which of the following best describes the role of cells in living organisms

Answers

Answer:

l

Explanation:

Which organism is not extinct

Answers

Answer:

humans and deer

The southern hemisphere is another name for the southern _____________ of the earth.

(Video "Bill Nye Seasons") (5th grade science)

Answers

Answer:

southern equator

Explanation:

What is the main function of nervous tissue?

Answers

Nervous tissue is found in the brain, spinal cord, and nerves. It is responsible for coordinating and controlling many body activities. It stimulates muscle contraction, creates an awareness of the environment, and plays a major role in emotions, memory, and reasoning.

What atoms are in photosynthesis input molecules

Answers

Answer:

Photosynthesis involves three elements: carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

What does Marco scale mean

Answers

a large scale involving general or overall structures or processes rather than details.

Answer:

A large macroscopic scale.

Explanation:

3) Humans are a member of which kingdom?
a. Protists
b. Fungi
c. Plants
d. Animals

Answers

Answer:

D. Animals

Explanation:

Animals are a member of kingdom. Animals all living things alive are animals except for plants and microorganisms.

Protists is a free-living or colonial organisms with diverse nutritional and reproductive modes.

Fungi is the taxonomic kingdom of lower plants.

Plants is a factory that produces power or where industrial items are made. A living thing with roots and usually a stem and leaves, growing above and below the ground. Place a plant or the seed of a plant into the ground so that it will grow.

Therefore, the final answer is d. Animals.

can someone show Me how you do Math on The periodic Table no links or I will report you

Answers

Answer: I won’t put a table link don’t worry

Explanation: “Table Link” Nice nice nice

What would cause a person to have two copies of the bent thumb allele (tt)?

1. A person whose mother or father had two copies of the bent thumb allele will always have two copies of the allele.

2.A person with two copies of "t" inherited one from their mother and one from their father.

3. A person born with one "t" mutation is more likely to develop a second "t" mutation during their lifetime.

4. A person with two copies must have duplicated the "t" allele through mitosis early in development. (They inherited one, then doubled it)

Answers

Answer:

A person with two copies of "t" inherited one from their mother and one from their father

Explanation:

This is because both the father and the mother are carriers of "t" alleles which is a bent thumb. When the parent mate, the father donate one t and the mother too donate one t allele, therefore the person will inherit bent thumb from them.

Place the labels accordingly to Biotic or Abiotic factors of this ecosystem.
(answers)

Answers

Answer:

abiotic: sea, air, rock, sun ,sea water.

biotic : shrimp , bacteria ,whelk ,

sea anemone, plankton, fish.

Explanation :

Biotic factors relate to all the living things in the ecosystem.

abiotic refers to all the non-living factors present in an ecosystem. Sunlight, water, land, all constitute the abiotic factors.

Which flock will be able to eat the most? The least? Why?

Answers

Answer: The omnivorous flock will eat the most as it eats both insects and seeds. With the removal of fruit it will not be affected much. The herbivorous flock will eat the least as it has the option to eat seeds only after the removal of fruit.  The flocks all started with 10 birds. Flock was X the most successful at feeding, so it will have the greatest number in the second generation. brainliest?

Explanation:

Answer:

The omnivorous flock will eat the most as it eats both insects and seeds. With the removal of fruit it will not be affected much. The herbivorous flock will eat the least as it has the option to eat seeds only after the removal of fruit. The flocks all started with 10 birds. Flock was X the most successful at feeding, so it will have the greatest number in the second generation.

The first organisms arose from non-living molecules found on early earth. Which theory best describes how
this organism arose?

natural selection

abiogenesis

biogenesis

variation

Answers

Answer:

abiogenesis

Explanation:

a (not) biogenesis (coming from other life forms)

Biogenesis would mean that it's coming from other life forms,

Natural selection is a part of evolution (what is there to select?)

Variation is also a part of evolution (not related)

Some cells release active signaling proteins when membrane-bound precursor proteins are cleaved by proteolytic enzymes. The signaling proteins can then bind to receptors on the surface of a target cell, thereby activating an intracellular signaling pathway and eliciting a response from the target cell. This mechanism of activating receptor-binding signaling proteins has been observed in a variety of organisms from bacteria to humans. Many of the enzymes responsible for proteolysis of membrane-bound precursor proteins have been isolated and characterized.


Required:

What questions would be most appropriate to investigate whether the proteolytic enzymes are evolutionarily conserved among species?

Answers

Answer:

Following questions would be most appropriate to investigate whether the proteolytic enzymes are evolutionarily conserved among species:

Are the genes encoding the proteolytic enzymes expressed in the same cell types in all species?  Once the precursor proteins of different species are cleaved, do the active signaling proteins bind to  the same receptors on different target cells? If a proteolytic enzyme from one species is incubated with a precursor protein from another species, does correct cleavage occur? Are the proteolytic enzymes synthesized in the rough endoplasmic reticulum of all species?

Describe three major ways humans use land

Answers

Answer:

they built farms buildings and broke the tree for roads

Explanation:

what is cell y and cell x​

Answers

Answer:

Humans and most mammals have two sex chromosomes, the X and Y. ... Egg cells all contain an X chromosome, while sperm cells contain an X or a Y chromosome. This arrangement means that during fertilization, it is the male that determines the sex of the offspring.

Explanation:

hope that helped

explain how all the layers of earth are necessary to create life on the surface

Answers

Answer:

The layers of Earth provide geologists and geophysicists clues to how Earth formed, the layers that make up other planetary bodies, the source of Earth's resources, and much more.

Explanation:

Hope it helped!

According to the geological record, during which geological time period were the sands and clays underlying Long Island and Staten Island deposited?

Answers

Answer:

The correct answer is - Cretaceous period.

Explanation:

The Magothy Formation occurred during the cretaceous period. The Magothy formation is the formation of the consolidated sand and layers of clays deposited beneath  Quaternary glacial cover throughout most of Long Island, and the south shore of Staten Island.

This formation is composed of gravel of clay and coarse sands. The thickness ranges between 10 and 200 feet. It is formed above the Raritan Formation which is upper clay and below slit deposits formation.

Transcribe the following sequence.
5' TCGGCGCTATACTTT 3

b. What enzyme does transcription?

Answers

Answers is

Explicate


PLEASE HELP !! ILL GIVE BRAINLIEST *EXTRA 40 POINTS* DONT SKIP :(( .!

Answers

Answer:

most likely b

Explanation:

hopefully this helped

Answer:

C

Explanation:

Since the Ice is its ecosystem then it will have less land to live making it difficult to hunt for prey (the seals). This is actually an effect of global warming.

Which material heats fastest, the rock, the sand or the water?

Explain your answer.

Answers

Answer:

Sand

Explanation:

Sand heated up faster than water because sand is darker than water; dark-colored materials will absorb more light. Sand heated up faster than water because sand is a solid and water is a liquid. Water is a slow conductor of heat, thus it needs to gain more energy than the sand or dry land in order for its temperature to increase. On the other hand, soil loses its heat much faster. Water has to lose more energy than the sand (dry land) in order for the temperature to decrease.

2)
A homeowner lives adjacent to some wetlands, which contain standing water for much of the year. During the summer months, the
mosquitoes in the area are excessive and pose a nuisance to the homeowner. The homeowner decides to spray an insecticide on
the lawn and adjacent wetlands to eradicate the mosquitoes. The homeowner notices that after the application of the insecticide,
the number of mosquitoes is significantly reduced.
The following year, the number of mosquitoes increases in frequency as the summer months arrive and the temperatures get
warmer. The homeowner once again applies the same insecticide to the yard and adjacent wetland areas. However, this time, the
homeowner does not notice a reduction in the mosquito population after applying the chemical.
Evaluate the scenario above and select ALL statement below that apply to this case study.
A)
B)
The insecticide no longer has a chemical that can kill any mosquitoes after
the first year.
The application of the insecticide caused directional selection in the
mosquito population
There were some mosquitoes with innate genetic resistance to the
insecticide before it was sprayed the first time.
C)
D)
Natural selection selects for a phenotype in a population that has an
advantage under certain environmental pressure.
E)
The application of the insecticide caused individual mosquitoes to mutate,
which made them resistance to the chemical.

Answers

Answer: B, C, and D

Explanation:

The application of the insecticide caused directional selection in the mosquito population. There were some mosquitoes with innate genetic resistance to the insecticide before it was sprayed the first time. Natural selection selects for a phenotype in a population that has an advantage under certain environmental pressure. The correct options are B, C, and D.

What is case study?

A case study is defined as 'an intensive study of a person, a group of people, or a unit with the goal of generalizing across several units'.

A case study has also been defined as a focused, systematic investigation of a single person, group, or community.

The insecticide application resulted in directional selection in the mosquito population. Before the insecticide was sprayed for the first time, some mosquitos developed innate genetic resistance to it.

Natural selection favors phenotypes in a population that have an advantage under certain environmental conditions.

Thus, B, C, and D are correct options.

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Choose all the answers that apply.

Which of the following energy sources harms the
environment?

A.) coal
B.) hydroelectric power
C.) nuclear power
D.) oil

Answers

Answer:

c nuclear power because it destroy the places

Oil coal nuclear power

If a woman who is heterozygous for type B Blood, has a baby with a man who is heterozygous for type B blood, what are they chances their baby could have type O blood?​

Answers

Answer:

50%

Their are 50% chances for their baby to have type O blood.

On your Spring Break in Mexico, you take a break to count the starfish in a tidal pool. You notice that there is a rare recessive trait that causes the starfish to have 6 legs instead of 5. Of the 27 starfish you can find, only 1 has 6 legs. What are the allele frequencies for this population

Answers

Answer:

0.04 for 6 legs starfish and 0.96 for 5 legs starfish.

Explanation:

The allele frequency for the 6 legs starfish is 0.04 whereas, the allele frequency for the 5 legs starfish is 0.96 because there is only one 6 legs starfish in the given population as compared to 5 legs starfish. The low population of 6 legs starfish is due to the presence of recessive allele while on the other hand, higher population of 5 legs starfish is due to the presence of dominant allele. The allele frequencies for both population is done by dividing the allele of interest by total number of alleles present in the population.

5. The reactants and products for respiration are exactly the
same for a plant cell and an animal cell, the difference is
the _______
of the reactants.

Answers

Answer:

Source

Explanation:

Respiration, which occurs in all living organism, is the metabolic process by which organisms obtain energy (ATP) via the breakdown of their food substances.

The process of respiration in plant and animal cells is similar in the sense that reactants and products for respiration are exactly the same for both cells. The reaction is as follows:

C6H12O6 (glucose) + 6O2 = 6CO2 + 6H2O

The difference between this process in plant and animal cells is the SOURCE of the glucose or food molecule that is broken down. Plants get their food from PHOTOSYNTHESIS (autotroph) while animals get theirs by feeding on other organisms (heterotroph).



Bone remodeling is a function of what cell?

Answers

Answer:

a)Osteoclasts

b)Osteoblasts

Explanation:

a) destroys the bone matrix

b) have osteogenic functions

Bone remodeling is a function of cell - Osteoclast, and osteoblast

Bone remodeling is a lifelong process where mature bone tissue is removed from the skeleton called bone resorption and new bone tissue is formed called ossification or new bone formation.

the removal of mineralized bone by osteoclastsafter removal of mineralization, the formation of the bone matrix through the osteoblastsprocess of bone remodeling also called bone metabolism is regulated by keeping maintenance between bone formation and bone resorption

Thus, the correct answer is - Osteoclast and osteoblast.

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Which of these is a distinguishing characteristic of a temperate grassland?
A. Giraffes, zebras, and wildebeests
B. Warm weather all year long
C. Low annual precipitation
D. Deep, fertile soil

Answers

Answer:

A. Giraffes, zebras, and wildebeests

Explanation:

Answer:

Its actually C

Explanation:

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