Use bond energies to predict AH for the following reaction:
2NC1, (g) + 3H₂(g) → N₂ (9) + 6HCl(9)
(This problem requires values in your textbook's specific appendices, which you can access through the OWLV2 MindTap Reader. You should not use the OWLV2
References Tables to answer this question as the values will not match.)
AH-1
Answers
The AH for the reaction 2NC1(g) +[tex]3H_{2}[/tex](g) → [tex]N_{2}[/tex](g) + 6HCl(g) using bond energies is -1,074 kJ/mol, indicating an exothermic reaction.
To predict the enthalpy change (AH) of the reaction using bond energies, we need to calculate the energy required to break the bonds in the reactants and the energy released when the products' new bonds are established.
The AH of the reaction is the difference between the energy required to break the bonds in the reactants and the energy released when new bonds are formed in the products.
The following is the chemically balanced equation for the reaction:
2NC1(g) + [tex]3H_{2}[/tex](g) → [tex]N_{2}[/tex](g) + 6HCl(g)
The bond energies that we need are:
Bond energies to break:
N≡C1: 305 kJ/mol
H-H: 436 kJ/mol
Bond energies to form:
N≡N: 946 kJ/mol
H-Cl: 431 kJ/mol
Now we can calculate the energy required to break the bonds in the reactants:
2(N≡C1)(305 kJ/mol) + 3(H-H)(436 kJ/mol) = 2(610 kJ/mol) + 3(436 kJ/mol) = 2,218 kJ
We can also calculate the energy released when new bonds are formed in the products:
1(N≡N)(946 kJ/mol) + 6(H-Cl)(431 kJ/mol) = 1(946 kJ/mol) + 6(431 kJ/mol) = 3,292 kJ
Therefore, the AH of the reaction is:
AH = energy released when new bonds are formed minus energy needed to break existing bonds.
= -1,074 kJ/mol
The exothermic nature of the reaction, or the release of energy, is indicated by the negative sign. Therefore, the AH of the reaction is -1,074 kJ/mol.
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Related Questions
The preparation of an aqueous solution is described in the table below. For this solution, write the chemical formulas of the major species present at equilibrium. You can leave out water itself.
Write the chemical formulas of the species that will act as acids in the 'acids' row, the formulas of the species that will act as bases in the 'bases' row, and the formulas of the species that will act as neither acids nor bases in the 'other' row.
You will find it useful to keep in mind that NH₃ is a weak base.
0.8 mol HNO₃ is added to 1.0 L of a 0.8 M NH₃ solution.
Acids:
Bases:
Other:
Answers
The chemical equation for the reaction between HNO₃ and NH₃ is:
HNO₃ + NH₃ → NH₄NO₃
Acids: HNO₃
Bases: NH₃
Other: NH₄NO₃ (this is a salt formed by the neutralization of the acid and base)
The given chemical equation shows the reaction between nitric acid (HNO₃) and ammonia (NH₃) which results in the formation of ammonium nitrate (NH₄NO₃), a salt. In this reaction, HNO₃ acts as an acid as it donates a proton (H⁺) to the NH₃ molecule. NH₃, on the other hand, acts as a base, accepting the proton donated by HNO₃.
The protonated form of ammonia is called ammonium ion (NH₄⁺) and it is combined with the nitrate ion (NO₃⁻) to form the salt NH₄NO₃.
Therefore, the major species present at equilibrium in the solution are the acid HNO₃, the base NH₃ and the salt NH₄NO₃. HNO₃ and NH₃ are the main reactants and they act as the acid and base, respectively.
The salt NH₄NO₃ is formed as a result of neutralization between HNO₃ and NH₃ and it does not act as an acid or a base in the solution. It is important to note that NH₃ is a weak base, which means that it does not fully dissociate in water and therefore only a portion of the NH₃ molecules accept protons from HNO₃.
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79.91 grams sample of NaCI is dissolved in 250.0 mL of solution calculate the molarity
Answers
The molarity of a sample of NaCl dissolved in 250mL of solution is 5.46 M.
How to calculate molarity?Molarity refers to the concentration of a substance in solution, expressed as the number of moles of solute per litre of solution.
The molarity of a solution can be calculated by dividing the number of moles in the substance by its volume as follows;
Molarity = no of moles ÷ volume
According to this question, 79.91 grams of NaCl is equivalent to 79.91g ÷ 58.5g/mol = 1.37 moles.
Molarity = 1.37 mol ÷ 0.250 L = 5.46 M
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N2g+ 3H2g + 2 NH3g Calculate the number of moles of NH; produced from the reaction of 4.0mol of N2 in an excess of H2
Answers
The number of moles of NH₃ produced from the reaction of 4 moles of N₂ with excess H₂ is 8 moles
How do i determine the mole of NH₃ produced?The number of mole of NH₃ produced from the reaction of 4 moles of N₂ with excess H₂ can be obtain as illustrated below:
Balanced equation:
N₂ + 3H₂ -> 2NH₃
From the balanced equation above,
1 mole of nitrogen gas, N₂ reacted to produced 2 moles of ammonia gas, NH₃
Therefore,
4 moles of nitrogen gas, N₂ will react to produce = (4 mole × 2 mole) / 1 mole = 8 moles of ammonia gas, NH₃
Thus, we can conclude from the above calculation that the number of mole of ammonia gas, NH₃ produced is 8 moles
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A chemical equation is given
below. How would you classify
this reaction?
Na₂CO3 → Na₂O + CO₂
A.single replacement
B. Synthesis
C. Combustion
D. Decomposition
Answers
D (because because it results in two compounds from one substance)
chemicals in the ___ contribute to erosion
Answers
Chemicals in the water contribute to erosion.
Erosion is the process by which soil and rock are gradually worn away by the action of wind, water, or other natural agents. Water is one of the main agents of erosion, and chemicals that are present in the water can contribute to this process.
Chemicals such as acids, salts, and pollutants can increase the erosive power of water by altering its chemical composition and physical properties. For example, acid rain, which is caused by the presence of pollutants in the atmosphere, can lower the pH of water bodies and increase their acidity. This can dissolve minerals in rocks and soil, leading to erosion.
Similarly, high concentrations of salt in water can increase its ability to dissolve minerals and weaken rock and soil, making them more susceptible to erosion. Chemicals such as pesticides and fertilizers can also contribute to erosion by altering the balance of nutrients in the soil and affecting plant growth, which can weaken the soil structure and make it more prone to erosion.
Overall, the presence of chemicals in water can contribute to erosion by altering the chemical and physical properties of the water, soil, and rock.
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Classify the following rocks as either foliated or nonfoliated quartile, schist.
Answers
Answer:
d. quartzite
Explanation:
All the other rocks have a planar texture except for quartzite which is hard as a single quartz crystal and is difficult to crush or break. That is the picture of a quartz
9) If I have 12.4 moles of gas held at a temperature of 97 °C and in a container with a
volume of 45 liters, what is the pressure of the gas?
Answers
The pressure of the gas is 78.1 atm.
The ideal gas law equation is PV = nRT, where P is pressure, V is volume, n is the number of moles, R is the gas constant, and T is the temperature in Kelvin.
First, we need to convert the temperature from Celsius to Kelvin by adding 273.15. So, 97 °C + 273.15 = 370.15 K.
Next, we can plug in the values we have into the ideal gas law equation and solve for pressure:
PV = nRT
P = nRT/V
P = (12.4 mol)(0.08206 L•atm/mol•K)(370.15 K)/(45 L)
P = 78.1 atm
It's important to note that the units used in this calculation are crucial, as the gas constant has different values depending on the units used. We used the value of the gas constant for atmospheres, liters, and moles, which is 0.08206 L•atm/mol•K. If we had used different units, we would have needed to use a different value for R. Additionally, it's always important to check that the units cancel out properly in the equation to ensure that the final unit is correct.
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Milk of magnesia can be used to relieve indigestion and heartburn. The active ingredient in this substance is magnesium hydroxide, Mg(OH)₂ What is the percent composition of
magnesium hydroxide in this substance?
A 20.0% Mg. 40.0% 0,40.0% H
B. 43.1% Mg. 51.3% 0, 5.6 % H
C. 41.7% Mg. 54.9% 0, 3.4% H
D 47.1% Mg, 48.3 % 0, 4.1% H
Answers
Answer:Therefore, the percent composition of magnesium hydroxide in milk of magnesia is option C: 41.7% Mg, 54.9% O, 3.4% H.
Explanation:To find the percent composition of magnesium hydroxide, we need to calculate the molar mass of magnesium hydroxide and then calculate the mass percentage of each element.Mg(OH)₂ has a molar mass of:1 x Mg = 24.31 g/mol
2 x O = 15.99 g/mol x 2 = 31.98 g/mol
2 x H = 1.01 g/mol x 2 = 2.02 g/molTotal molar mass = 24.31 + 31.98 + 2.02 = 58.31 g/molNow, let's calculate the mass percentage of each element in magnesium hydroxide:Mass of Mg = 24.31 g/mol / 58.31 g/mol x 100% = 41.7%Mass of O = 31.98 g/mol / 58.31 g/mol x 100% = 54.9%Mass of H = 2.02 g/mol / 58.31 g/mol x 100% = 3.4%
used by astronomers to take pictures, collect samples, and pick up data from their sensors
Answers: About one year/ 1997/ gravity/ space station/ international space station (ISS)/ robotic probes/ space probe
Answers
Astronomers use a variety of tools and instruments to take pictures, collect samples, and gather data from sensors. These include telescopes, spectrometers, and space probes.
Telescopes are essential tools for capturing images and observing celestial objects. They come in different types, such as optical telescopes that capture visible light, radio telescopes that detect radio waves, and X-ray telescopes that observe high-energy emissions. Telescopes help astronomers analyze stars, planets, galaxies, and other cosmic phenomena.
Spectrometers are devices that measure the properties of light. By studying the spectrum of light emitted or absorbed by celestial bodies, astronomers can gather valuable information about their composition, temperature, and motion. Spectrometers provide insights into the chemical makeup of stars and the atmospheres of planets, contributing to our understanding of the universe's formation and evolution.
Space probes are unmanned spacecraft that explore our solar system and beyond. They carry a range of sensors, cameras, and sampling equipment to collect data and capture images of their target objects. Probes such as the Hubble Space Telescope, Voyager missions, and Mars rovers have provided us with unprecedented information about distant celestial bodies and helped us understand the origins of our universe.
In summary, astronomers use telescopes, spectrometers, and space probes to observe, photograph, and collect data from celestial objects. These tools are invaluable in expanding our knowledge of the cosmos and unlocking the mysteries of the universe.
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Label the acid, base, and ionic compound in this equation:
HCl (aq) + NaOH (aq) → NaCl (aq) + H₂O
Answers
Answer:The given reaction is a double displacement reaction as the reactants are exchanging their ions and forming new products. It is also a neutralisation reaction since an acid (HCl) is reacting with a base (NaOH) to form salt and water.
Explanation:Because when hci mixed with NaOH it causes a chain reaction.
The specific heat of aluminum is 0.90 J/g x °C. How much heat energy is required to raise the temperature from 20°C to 55°C of 11.0 grams of aluminum?
Answers
Answer: 346.50 J if correct sig figs its 3.5 X 10^2 J
Explanation:
q=m x cp x change in T
q= 11.0 X 0.90 X 35=346.50 J
Please help
Complete and balance the following half-reaction in acidic solution. Be sure to include the proper phases for all species within the reaction.
SO3 2- (aq) ---> SO4 2- (aq)
Answers
The balanced half-reaction is:
SO3 2- (aq) + H2O(l) ---> SO4 2- (aq) + 2H+(aq) + 2e-
To balance the half-reaction of SO3 2- (aq) to SO4 2- (aq) in acidic solution, we need to add H+ ions and electrons to the left side of the equation to balance the charges of the reactants and products.
SO3 2- (aq) + H2O(l) ---> SO4 2- (aq) + 2H+(aq) + 2e-
In the above equation, we have added two H+ ions and two electrons to balance the charges of the reactants and products. The oxidation state of sulfur has increased from +4 to +6, indicating that it has lost two electrons in the reaction.
To balance the number of oxygen atoms on both sides of the equation, we have added one water molecule on the left side of the equation. Finally, the state symbols (aq) and (l) indicate that the species are in aqueous solution and liquid state, respectively.
The balanced half-reaction is:
SO3 2- (aq) + H2O(l) ---> SO4 2- (aq) + 2H+(aq) + 2e-
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A region of North America has a population of 72,000 rabbits in 2016. The
rabbits are kept in check by a fox population. The carrying capacity of this
region allows for 84,000 rabbits. For this example, assume the nax is 1.0.
With this information, answer/calculate the population growth rate for 2017
(JUST TYPE THE NUMBER, ROUND TO NEAREST WHOLE NUMBER)
Answers
To find the population growth rate for 2017, we need to solve for r. Since the carrying capacity is reached at the end of 2017, the population growth rate will be the maximum rate of 1.0. Therefore, the population growth rate for 2017 is 1.
Assuming a logistic growth model with a carrying capacity of 84,000 rabbits and a maximum growth rate of 1.0, we can calculate the population growth rate for 2017 as follows:
Let P0 be the initial population in 2016, which is 72,000 rabbits.
Let P1 be the population in 2017, which we want to find.
Let K be the maximum growth rate, which is 1.0.
Let M be the carrying capacity, which is 84,000 rabbits.
The logistic growth model can be expressed as:
P1 = P0 + r * P0 * (M - P0) / M
where r is the population growth rate.
Substituting the given values, we get:
P1 = 72000 + r * 72000 * (84000 - 72000) / 84000
Simplifying and solving for r, we get:
r = (P1 - P0) / (P0 * (M - P0) / M)
r = (P1 - 72000) / (72000 * (84000 - 72000) / 84000)
r = (P1 - 72000) / 12000
Multiplying both sides by 12000, we get:
12000 * r = P1 - 72000
P1 = 12000 * r + 72000
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5. Consider the diprotic acid H2A with K1=1.00x104 and K2=1.00x108. Find the pH and concentrations of H2A, HA, and A-2 in 0.20 M of the acid solution.
Answers
In a 0.20 M solution of H2A with [tex]K_1=1.00*10^4[/tex] and [tex]K_2=1.00*10^8[/tex], the pH is 1.88, and the concentrations of [tex]H_2A[/tex],[tex]HA^-[/tex], and[tex]A^2-[/tex] are approximately [tex]0.197 M, 2.54*10^{-3} M[/tex], and [tex]1.95*10^{-15} M[/tex].
To solve this problem, we need to use expressions for the equilibrium concentrations of the species in a diprotic acid:
[tex][H_2A] = [H_2A]0/(1 + K_1/[H+] + K_1K_2/[H+]^2) \\[/tex]
[tex][HA^-] = K_1[H_2A]/(1 + K_1/[H+] + K_1K_2/[H+]^2) \\[/tex]
[tex][A^2-] = K_1K_2[H_2A]/(1 + K_1/[H+] + K_1K_2/[H+]^2)[/tex]
Given [tex]K_1[/tex] and [tex]K_2[/tex] values, we can assume that [tex]K_2[/tex] is much larger than [tex]K_1[/tex], and thus we can approximate the concentration of [tex]H_2A[/tex] to be equal to its initial concentration. Therefore, we can simplify the above expressions to:
[tex][H_2A][/tex] ≈[tex][H_2A]0/(1 + K_1/[H+])[/tex]
[HA^-] ≈ [tex]K_1[H_2A]/(1 + K_1/[H+])[/tex]
[tex][A^2-][/tex]≈[tex]K_1K_2[H_2A]/[H+]^2[/tex]
Substituting the given values:
[tex][H_2A][/tex] ≈[tex]0.20 M/(1 + 1.00*10^4/[H+])[/tex]
[HA^-] ≈ [tex]1.00*10^4 * 0.20 M/[H+]/(1 + 1.00*10^4/[H+])[/tex]
[tex][A^2-][/tex]≈ [tex]1.00*10^8 * 0.20 M/[H+]^2[/tex]
To find the pH, we can use the equation:
[tex]pH = -log[H+][/tex]
After solving the problem iteratively, we get:
pH ≈ 1.88
[tex][H_2A][/tex]≈ 0.197 M
[HA^-] ≈ [tex]2.54*10^{-3} M[/tex]
[tex][A^2-][/tex] ≈ [tex]1.95*10^{-15} M[/tex]
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--The complete Question is, Consider the diprotic acid H2A with K1=1.00x10^4 and K2=1.00x10^8. If you have a 0.20 M solution of this acid, what are the pH and concentrations of H2A, HA, and A-2 in the solution? --
A chemistry student needs 95g of thiophene for an experiment. She has available 0.20kg of a 27.8% w/w solution of thiophene in benzene.
Calculate the mass of solution the student should use. If there's not enough solution, press the "No solution" button.
Be sure your answer has the correct number of significant digits.
Answers
The student should use 687 g of the solution.
To determine the mass of the solution the student should use, we need to use the given information about the concentration of thiophene in the solution.
First, we can calculate the mass of thiophene in the solution using the given concentration:
0.20 kg x 27.8% = 0.0556 kg thiophene
Next, we can use the mass of thiophene in the solution to calculate the mass of benzene in the solution:
0.20 kg - 0.0556 kg = 0.1444 kg benzene
Now we can use the mass of thiophene in the solution to calculate how much solution is needed to obtain 95 g of thiophene:
0.0556 kg thiophene ÷ 0.95 = 0.0585 kg solution
Finally, we convert the mass of solution to grams:
0.0585 kg x 1000 g/kg = 58.5 g
Since the available solution is more than 58.5 g, we can conclude that the student should use 687 g of the solution to obtain the required 95 g of thiophene.
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Predict the sign of ∆H for placing ice on your lab table. Is this reaction endothermic or exothermic? Explain.
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
Placing ice on a lab table is an exothermic process, which means that the enthalpy change (∆H) for this reaction is negative.The reason for this is that when ice is placed on a lab table, it comes into contact with a surface that is warmer than its own temperature, and heat flows from the warmer surface (the lab table) to the cooler surface (the ice). This heat transfer causes the ice to melt, which is an exothermic process since heat is released to the surroundings.Since exothermic processes release heat energy, the enthalpy change (∆H) for this reaction is negative. Therefore, placing ice on a lab table has a negative ∆H, indicating that it is an exothermic process.
Question
What is the percent by mass of oxygen in CH3OH?
o 50.0
O 44.4
o 32.0
o 16.0
Answers
The mass percentage is a way which express the concentration of a solution. The percent by mass of oxygen in CH3OH is 50.0 .
What is Methanol?Methyl Alcohol or Wood Alcohol - commonly referred to as Methanol - signifies a transparent chemical liquid characterized by its molecular structure described using the formula CH3OH.
Classified under simple alcohols' category this particular compound comprises both methyl and hydroxyl groups depicted in notation form respectively under CH3 and OH. In terms of physical properties methanol appears odorless, colorless, and volatile. However it has high levels of flammability that make it easy to ignite with the slightest of spark or flame.
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A state in the United States where the mining of metal ores is a large part of the economy is looking at the future of the industry. The state's
governor appoints a commission to determine if state funds should be used to continue supporting mining or to expand metal recycling
programs in the state. The commission evaluates two proposed plans based on the ratings of five criteria on a scale from one to ten, where a
higher number indicates the criterion is better met. The table shows the criteria and ratings for each plan.
Purpose
and Plan
Mining plan
Recycling
plan
Increasing tax
revenue for the state.
6
3
Increasing the number
of jobs in the state.
5
6
Decreasing
damage to habitat
2
9
Decreasing waste
in landfills
2
8
Producing a favorable
cost-benefit analysis
7
6
The state governor tells the commission to select the plan that best meets the ratings goal for these criteria: increasing the number of jobs,
decreasing damage to habitat, and producing a favorable cost-benefit analysis. Use the menus to complete the sentence.
The commission should select the
plan because it has the higher rating for
Answers
The decision-making process, also known as the evaluation process, is the process of choosing a strategy based on predetermined criteria.
In this instance, the state's governor created a commission to assess two alternative mining industry plans and choose the best option for the state's economy. The governor instructed them to select the plan that best satisfies the goals of promoting jobs, reducing housing loss, and preparing a favorable cost-benefit analysis.
The commission evaluated the two designs on the basis of five factors. Since the recycling plan scored high on two of the three criteria set by the governor, the commission chose to endorse it over the mining plan in this instance.
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A student does an experiment to determine the molar solubility of lead fluoride. He constructs a voltaic cell at 298 K consisting of a 0.839 M lead nitrate solution and a lead electrode in the cathode compartment, and a saturated lead fluoride solution and a lead electrode in the anode compartment.
If the cell potential is measured to be 7.61×10-2 V, what is the value of Ksp for lead fluoride at 298 K based on this experiment?
Answers
PbF2(s) ⇌ Pb2+(aq) + 2F-(aq)
The solubility product expression for lead fluoride is:
Ksp = [Pb2+][F-]^2
At equilibrium, the cell potential (Ecell) is related to the Gibbs free energy change (ΔG) by the equation:
ΔG = -nFEcell
where n is the number of moles of electrons transferred in the cell reaction, and F is the Faraday constant (96,485 C/mol).
In this case, the cell reaction is:
Pb(s) + PbF2(s) ⇌ 2Pb2+(aq) + 2F-(aq)
Two moles of electrons are transferred, so n = 2.
The free energy change can be related to the equilibrium constant (K) by the equation:
ΔG = -RT ln(K)
where R is the gas constant (8.314 J/K·mol), and T is the temperature in Kelvin.
We can combine these equations to obtain an expression for Ksp:
Ksp = e^(-ΔG/RT) = e^(nFEcell/RT)
Substituting the given values:
n = 2
F = 96,485 C/mol
Ecell = 7.61×10^-2 V
R = 8.314 J/K·mol
T = 298 K
Ksp = e^(2 * 96,485 C/mol * 7.61×10^-2 V / (8.314 J/K·mol * 298 K))
Ksp = 3.01×10^-8
Therefore, the value of Ksp for lead fluoride at 298 K based on this experiment is 3.01×10^-8.
A compound is found to be 30.45% N and 69.55 % O by mass. If 1.63 g of this compound occupies 389 mL at 0.00° C and 775 mmHg, what is the molecular formula of the compound?
Answers
The molecular formula mass ratio is approximately 1.48, the molecular formula of the compound is approximately N₁O₂.
To determine the molecular formula of the compound, we need to follow a series of steps. First, we calculate the moles of nitrogen (N) and oxygen (O) in the given mass percentage composition.
Assuming we have 100 g of the compound, we would have:
30.45 g of N
69.55 g of O
Next, we calculate the number of moles of each element using their respective molar masses:
Moles of N = 30.45 g / 14.01 g/mol ≈ 2.18 mol
Moles of O = 69.55 g / 16.00 g/mol ≈ 4.35 mol
We then divide the number of moles by the smallest number of moles (in this case, N) to obtain a simple ratio:
N ≈ 2.18 mol / 2.18 mol = 1
O ≈ 4.35 mol / 2.18 mol ≈ 2
This gives us the empirical formula, which is N₁O₂.
Finally, to determine the molecular formula, we need to find the ratio of the empirical formula's molar mass to the experimental molar mass provided. We calculate:
Empirical formula mass of N₁O₂ = 14.01 g/mol + (2 × 16.00 g/mol) = 46.01 g/mol
Experimental molar mass = 1.63 g / (389 mL × 0.00°C / 22.4 L/mol × 0.775) = 68.34 g/mol
Dividing the experimental molar mass by the empirical formula mass:
Molecular formula mass ratio = 68.34 g/mol / 46.01 g/mol ≈ 1.48
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Name a liquid substance that could be used in the laboratory for: dissolving dry mortar on floor tiles; (i) removing KMnO, stains; drying acid anhydrides
Answers
Explanation:
For dissolving dry mortar on floor tiles, you can use concrete and mortar dissolver. You can find this product at your local hardware store or online12.
For removing KMnO stains, you can use vinegar. Mix vinegar with water and spray or pour it on the tile surface. Let the vinegar water set in for a few minutes, then sponge the entire area to get it as clean as possible. Next, use a razor blade or scraper to peel up the mortar. Be careful not to gouge or scratch the tiles3.
KMnO is potassium permanganate. it makes water drinkable if it's polluted
For drying acid anhydrides, you can use calcium chloride. Calcium chloride is a hygroscopic substance that absorbs moisture from the air and can be used as a desiccant.
desiccants keeps things dry so they last longer like food & clothes
bingAI
The specific gravity of a patient's urine sample was measured to be 1.008. Given that the density of water is 1.000 g/mL at 4°C, what is the density of the urine sample at 4°C
Answers
Answer:
1.008 g/mL
Explanation:
The specific gravity of any substance is the ratio of that substance's original density to the density of the referential substance, in this case, water at 4°C, which is 1.000 mL.
So we have the original density to be 1.008 g/mL, the specific gravity would also be 1.008 g/mL
The density of the urine sample at 4°C is 1.008 g/mL.
The specific gravity of a substance is the ratio of its density to the density of water. In this case, the specific gravity of the urine sample is 1.008, which means that its density is 1.008 times that of water.
Since the density of water is 1.000 g/mL, the density of the urine sample can be calculated as follows:
Density of urine sample = Specific gravity × Density of water
Density of urine sample = 1.008 × 1.000 g/mL
Density of urine sample = 1.008 g/mL
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john dalton law of partial pressure
Answers
According to Dalton's law of partial pressures, the total pressure by a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of each of the constituent gases. The partial pressure is defined as the pressure each gas would exert if it alone occupied the volume of the mixture at the same temperature. The Law of Partial Pressures is commonly applied in looking at the pressure of a closed container of gas and water. The total pressure of this system is the pressure that the gas exerts on the liquid. The gas is made up of whatever sample of gas there is plus the evaporated water. Dalton's law of partial pressures, Pt = P1 + P2 + ..., says that the total pressure of a gas mixture is the sum of the partial pressures of constituent gases. Dalton's law states that the total pressure of a gas is the sum of the individual pressures of all the gas molecules in the container. In other words, it's the average pressure exerted by all the gas particles in a given system.
How do I find the radius of a cylinder that is is 2 cm long with a mass of 12.4g?
Answers
Explanation:
It is not possible to find the radius of a cylinder with only its length and mass. Additional information, such as the density or volume of the cylinder, would be needed.
A solution of NaNO3 is diluted from its original volume of 0.93 L
by adding 1.065 L of solvent. If its new concentration is 0.917 M,
what was the original concentration of this solution?
A) 0.24 M
B) 0.89 M
C) 1.43 M
D) 1.97 M
Answers
The concept molarity is an important method which is used to calculate the concentration of a solution. It is mainly employed to calculate the concentration of a binary solution. Here the original concentration is . The given options are incorrect.
Molarity of a solution is defined as the number of moles of the solute present per liter of the solution. It is represented as 'M' and it is expressed in the unit mol / L. It is also called the molar concentration.
The equation connecting molarity and volume of two solutions can be given as:
M₁V₁ = M₂V₂
M₁ = M₂V₂ / V₁
0.917 × 1.065 / 0.93 = 1.050 M
Thus the original concentration was 1.050 M.
The given options are incorrect.
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Rank the viscosity of n-hexane, mineral oil, water and glycerol in order of increasing viscosity. Does the viscosity change with chain length or the make up of the compound? Explain.
Answers
Viscosity is generally affected by the size and shape of the molecules in a fluid. In general, longer chains and larger molecules tend to have higher viscosities. For example, glycerol has a higher viscosity than n-hexane because its molecules are larger and more complex. Similarly, mineral oil has a higher viscosity than n-hexane because it is made up of larger, more complex hydrocarbon molecules. However, there are many other factors that can affect viscosity, including temperature, pressure, and the presence of other substances.
The elements shown are gases at room temperature and pressure.
hydrogen
nitrogen
oxygen
chlorine
When separate samples of each of these gases are placed in a container they will diffuse.
Describe why these gases diffuse.
Answers
The process of diffusion occurs because gas particles possess kinetic energy and are in constant motion. When separate samples of hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, and chlorine gases are placed in a container, the gas particles will move randomly and spread out from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration.
Gases diffuse due to the random motion of their particles. The process of diffusion occurs because gas particles possess kinetic energy and are in constant motion. When separate samples of hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, and chlorine gases are placed in a container, the gas particles will move randomly and spread out from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration. Diffusion happens as a result of collisions between gas particles. The particles move in all directions, and over time, they spread out evenly throughout the available space, resulting in a uniform concentration. This process is driven by the tendency of gas particles to achieve equilibrium and maximize their entropy The rate of diffusion is influenced by factors such as the molar mass of the gas (lighter gases diffuse faster), temperature (higher temperatures increase the kinetic energy and speed of particles), and the presence of any barriers or obstacles in the container. In summary, gases diffuse because of the inherent kinetic energy and random motion of their particles, which leads to the spreading out of gas particles from regions of higher concentration to regions of lower concentration.
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When filtered through a funnel into a flask, a mixture of substances X. Y and Z gets separated as below:- X stays in the funnel and Y and Z filter through and collect in the flask X and Y are solids and Z is water. Beaker Filter paper ➤Funnel Flask Which of the following can you conclude about the properties of X andY? A. both X and Y dissolve in Z B. X dissolves in Z and Y does not i C. Y dissolves in Z and X does not D. both X and Y do not dissolve in Z
Answers
Based on the given information, we can conclude that substance X and substance Y are solids and did not filter through the filter paper into the flask. Option D
Substance Z, on the other hand, is a liquid that passed through the filter paper and collected in the flask.
From this, we can make an inference that substance X and substance Y have different properties compared to substance Z, as they did not pass through the filter paper. This means that substance X and substance Y do not dissolve in water, while substance Z does.
However, we cannot conclude from the given information whether both substance X and substance Y dissolve in Z or not. It is possible that substance X and substance Y have different solubility properties and may or may not dissolve in Z. Therefore, we cannot choose option A or option D.
Similarly, we cannot conclude whether X dissolves in Z and Y does not (option B) or Y dissolves in Z and X does not (option C) based on the given information. Therefore, none of the options provided is a conclusive answer to the question.
In summary, based on the given information, we can conclude that substance X and substance Y are solids that do not dissolve in water, while substance Z is a liquid that dissolves in water. However, we cannot determine whether substance X and substance Y both dissolve in Z, or whether one dissolves and the other does not, based on the information provided. Option D
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find the concentration and ph of Mystery Ca(OH)2
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Based on the given pH of 9.2, the estimated concentration of Ca(OH)2 in the solution is approximately 3.16 x 10^(-5) M.
To calculate the concentration of Ca(OH)2 based on the pH of the solution, we need to consider the hydroxide ion concentration (OH-) since Ca(OH)2 is a strong base that dissociates completely in water.
The pH of a solution is determined by the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+), which is related to the concentration of hydroxide ions (OH-) through the autoionization of water.
In a neutral solution, the concentration of H+ and OH- ions are equal, resulting in a pH of 7. In basic solutions, the concentration of OH- ions is higher than H+ ions, leading to a pH greater than 7.
The relationship between pH and OH- concentration can be expressed using the pOH value:
pOH = 14 - pH
In this case, the pH of the solution is given as 9.2. Therefore, the pOH can be calculated as:
pOH = 14 - 9.2
pOH = 4.8
The pOH is a measure of the concentration of hydroxide ions (OH-) in the solution. To convert pOH to OH- concentration, we can use the following relationship:
OH- concentration = 10^(-pOH)
OH- concentration = 10^(-4.8)
OH- concentration ≈ 1.58 x 10^(-5) M
Since Ca(OH)2 dissociates into two OH- ions per formula unit, the concentration of Ca(OH)2 will be twice the concentration of OH- ions. Therefore, the concentration of Ca(OH)2 can be calculated as:
Concentration of Ca(OH)2 ≈ 2 x (1.58 x 10^(-5)) M
Concentration of Ca(OH)2 ≈ 3.16 x 10^(-5) M
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Note the complete question:
User
How to calculate the concentration of Ca(OH)2 if the pH of this solution is 9.2?
iv) By what factor will the
rate change if the
Concerntration
and that of B is reduced by
of A is trippled
4 times.
Answers
The rate is reduced by a factor of 3/4, or 0.75, when the concentration of A is tripled and the concentration of B is reduced by a factor of 4.
To determine the factor by which the rate changes when the concentrations of reactants are altered, we need to examine the reaction's rate law. However, since the rate law is not provided, we'll assume a simplified scenario where the reaction rate is directly proportional to the concentrations of A and B.
Let's assume the initial rate of the reaction is R₀, and the concentrations of A and B are [A]₀ and [B]₀, respectively. According to the assumed rate law, the rate can be expressed as:
Rate = k[A][B]
Now, let's consider the changes in concentrations and calculate the new rate.
If the concentration of A is tripled, the new concentration becomes 3[A]₀, while the concentration of B is reduced by a factor of 4, resulting in [B] = (1/4)[B]₀.
The new rate (R) can be calculated as follows:
R = k[3[A]₀][(1/4)[B]₀]
= (3/4)k[A]₀[B]₀
= (3/4)R₀
Therefore, the rate is reduced by a factor of 3/4, or 0.75, when the concentration of A is tripled and the concentration of B is reduced by a factor of 4.
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