Viruses that load from usb drives left connected to computers when computers are turned on are known as encryption viruses.
If they are found, encrypting viruses, a type of computer virus, can pose serious issues. Computer systems are essential to everyday life around the world. One of the most dangerous viruses is an encryption virus because, once it has infected your computer or laptop, it may start encrypting all of the important and private documents and files you have stored there, rendering them useless and unreadable. It may also be deleted, causing data loss, or it may trigger an automatic factory reset, which may erase all of your accounts and other crucial data.
Cybercriminals use encrypted Ransomware, which has grown to be the most common type, because it is challenging to decrypt it and get rid of the infection.
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Anyone have answers to 3.6 code practice on project stem, Python Fundamentals? Thanks in advance. Been struggling hard.
Actual Question:
Write a program to input 6 numbers. After each number is input, print the smallest of the numbers entered so far.
Sample Run
Enter a number: 9
Smallest: 9
Enter a number: 4
Smallest: 4
Enter a number: 10
Smallest: 4
Enter a number: 5
Smallest: 4
Enter a number: 3
Smallest: 3
Enter a number: 6
Smallest: 3
The program that prints the smallest each time a number is inputted is as follows:
myList = []
for i in range(6):
num = int(input("Enter a number: "))
myList.append(num)
myList.sort()
print(f"Smallest : {myList[0]}")
How to write the program?From the question, we have the following parameters:
Number of inputs = 6
Requirement = Print the smallest of the numbers entered so far
This means that we make use of iteration for a range of 6
Also, we need to make use of a list
So, the program in Python is as follows:
# initialize a list
myList = []
# Iterate to get 6 inputs and perform the required operations
for i in range(6):
# Get each input
num = int(input("Enter a number: "))
# Append input to a list
myList.append(num)
# Sort the list
myList.sort()
# Print the smallest
print(f"Smallest : {myList[0]}")
Note that comments are used to explain each line
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which dynamic routing protocol was developed as an exterior gateway protocol to interconnect different internet providers? group of answer choices ospf bgp eigrp rip
The dynamic routing protocol that was developed as an exterior gateway protocol to interconnect different internet providers is BGP.
The external gateway protocol is known as BGP. It was created to exchange routing data between various networks, or autonomous systems (ASes).
In contrast to static routing, which requires administrators to configure events for any changes, dynamic routing relies on routers that automatically learn the routing information and add the route to their routing database. When a router employs a dynamic routing protocol, it can identify a backup route in case the primary one fails and saves the best route to its routing database.
An Internet service provider is a business that offers both individuals and businesses Internet access and services (ISP).
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how do containers access an operating system? containers use a shared base operating system stored in a cloud storage bucket. containers use a shared base operating system stored in a shared runtime layer
Containers access an operating system is option B:containers use a shared base operating system stored in a shared runtime layer.
Does Shared operating systems exist amongst containers?The host OS is shared by all containers, so they are not required to boot an OS or load libraries. This makes containers much lighter and more efficient. Applications that are containerized can start quickly, and compared to VM scenarios, many more instances of the application can be installed on the machine.
Note that without the traditional need for virtual machines, containers can share access to an OS kernel. Partitioning from the 1960s and chroot process isolation from Unix in the 1970s are the foundations of container technology.
Hence, Operating system virtualization is a technique used with containers. From a small software process or microservice to a more complex application, anything can be run inside of a single container.
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after a print file is generated by an application, what is the next step in printing to a network printer?
In printing to a network printer, the next step after a print file is generated by an application is the GDI (graphics device interface) integrates information about the print file with information received from the printer driver.
A network printer may be defined as printer that is connected to a network, through Ethernet or Wi-Fi - the latter being the more contemporary option. Meanwhile, a local printer would be cabled straight to the tool that needed it, a network printer can access through multiple tools simultaneously on the same network. A network printer can facilitate employees working from remote locations who still need to print. By connecting to the network using the Internet, employees can transfer documents to print from anywhere. Network printer is a great device for people who need to print from remote locations.
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you are concerned that wireless access points may have been deployed within your organization without authorization. what should you do? (select two. each response is a complete solution.) answer implement an intrusion prevention system (ips). check the mac addresses of devices connected to your wired switch. implement an intrusion detection system (ids). conduct a site survey. implement a network access control (nac) solution.
Since you are concerned that wireless access points may have been deployed within your organization without authorization, the thing that you should do are option B and D:
Check the MAC addresses of devices connected to your wired switch.Conduct a site survey.Why would a wireless access point be used?An access point is a component that establishes a WLAN, or wireless local area network, typically in a workplace or sizable structure. An access point transmits a WiFi signal to a predetermined region after being connected to a wired router, switch, or hub through an Ethernet cable.
An individual identification code known as a media access control address (MAC address) is given to a network interface controller (NIC) to be used as a network address in communications within a network segment. The majority of IEEE 802 networking technologies, such as Ethernet, Wi-Fi, and Bluetooth, frequently make use of this.
Note that a Media Access Control (MAC) address is a number that uniquely identifies each connected device on a network. A site survey is conducted with a Wi-Fi analyzer.
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you have written a set of functions that are stored in the .funcs file. how can you use the functions in this file in scripts that you write? (choose all that apply.)
In order to use the functions included in the '.funcs' file in a script, you can modify either your login script or your scripts to load the '.func' function into memory. Therefore, options B and D hold the correct answers.
In the context of computer programming, a script is a sequence of instructions or a program that executes without being complied.
Based on the case where you save a set of sorted functions in the '.funcs' file for using them in the future. Whenever you need to have access to these saved functions to write them in scripts:
you can modify your login script so that the log script loads the '.funcs' functions into memory or you can change your scripts so that the scripts load '.funcs' into memory."
The complete question is as follows:
you have written a set of functions that are stored in the .funcs file. how can you use the functions in this file in scripts that you write? (choose all that apply.)
A. By calling this file .funcs, the functions in the file are automatically available whenever you log in.
B. Modify your login script, so the login script loads the .funcs functions into memory.
C. Use the call scripts .func command in your scripts.
D. Modify your scripts so that they load .funcs into memory.
"
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Assignment 4 divisible by 3 in project stem
Please help fast!
Using the knowledge of the computational language in python it is possible to write a code that print a list of the first 100 numbers wich is divide by 3 and 5 and not 7.
Writting the code:# create an empty list to store the numbers
numbers = []
# set n to start number 1
n = 1
# loop until the list contains 100 numbers
while len(numbers) < 100:
# current value of n is divisible by 3 and 5 but not divisible by 7, append n to numbers list
if n%3 == 0 and n%5 == 0 and n%7 != 0:
numbers.append(n)
n += 1 # increment n by 1
# display the numbers list
print("List of first 100 numbers divisible by 3 and 5, but not by 7:\n",numbers)
# end of program
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what are the common disadvantages/issues with locks created through interrupt disabling/enabling mechanism? mark all correct answers.
According to the system. Disabling interrupts is preferable in some real-time processes, but the interval during which they are deactivated MUST be brief enough to prevent problems.
It would respond in 50 microseconds, whereas using an interrupt would take more over 100. I used it once to handle a somewhat messy device (saving and restoring registers and such). Consequently, a loop without interruptions and with a countdown timer. The device was tagged as "offline" and interruptions were enabled again if the countdown limit was reached. Interrupts were re-enabled if the device responded. Thus, interrupt blocking was quicker and took a manageable amount of time so that other devices weren't starved.
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what is the 48-bit ethernet address of your computer? 2. what is the 48-bit destination address in the ethernet frame? is this the ethernet address of gaia.cs.umass.edu? (hint: the answer is no).
gaia.cs.umass.edu is Not a ethernet address. It is a 12-digit hexadecimal number that occupies 6 bytes.
What is an Ethernet Hardware Address?Your Ethernet card's individual identification is known as the Ethernet hardware address (HW Address).It is a 12-digit hexadecimal number that occupies 6 bytes (12 digits in hex = 48 bits). MAC addresses have a length of 48 bits.They are divided into two halves: the Organizationally Unique Identifier (OUI) formed by the first 24 bits and the serial number formed by the final 24 bits (formally called an extension identifier).An IP address is a 32-bit number that is typically displayed in dotted decimal format. This format displays each octet (8 bits) of the address in decimal format, with a period separating each value.To learn more about Ethernet address refer,
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gaia.cs.umass.edu is Not a ethernet address. It is a 12-digit hexadecimal number that occupies 6 bytes.
What is an Ethernet Hardware Address?Your Ethernet card's individual identification is known as the Ethernet hardware address (HW Address).It is a 12-digit hexadecimal number that occupies 6 bytes (12 digits in hex = 48 bits).MAC addresses have a length of 48 bits.They are divided into two halves: the Organizationally Unique Identifier (OUI) formed by the first 24 bits and the serial number formed by the final 24 bits (formally called an extension identifier).An IP address is a 32-bit number that is typically displayed in dotted decimal format. This format displays each octet (8 bits) of the address in decimal format, with a period separating each value.To learn more about Ethernet address refer,
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from a database point of view, the collection of data becomes meaningful only when it reflects properly defined . a. business rules b. business norms c. business goals d. business plans mcq answer
A relational database management system is the name of the program used to store, administer, query, and retrieve data from a relational database (RDBMS).
The RDBMS offers administrative services for controlling data storage, access, and performance as well as an interface between users, applications, and the database. Relevance: The information must be appropriate for the intended usage. Completeness: There shouldn't be any missing numbers or records in the data. Timeliness: The information must be current. Consistency: The information should be cross-referenceable and have the expected data structure. A database is a logically organized collection of records or files.
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this term is used to describe a series of cords knotted to remind the user of important facts. question 7 options: a) knotmind b) quipu c) glyphs d) cordage
Answer:
a
Explanation:
because it has knot in the name it is so obvious based on the name
true or false: changing the background color of a jframe must be done in the event dispatch thread (edt).
A J Frame background color change must be performed on the event dispatch thread it is true.
Explain about the J frame?Generally, to change the backdrop color of a J Frame, simply call the J Frame set Background method using the following syntax: j frame. place Background (Color. RED)
Java's Abstract Window Toolkit (AWT) graphical user interface event queue is processed by the event dispatching thread (EDT), a background thread.
A new JFrame is created when the programme first launches. A thread is established and started as soon as the user clicks the start button.
A top-level container called J Frame offers a window on the screen. In reality, a frame serves as the foundational window onto which other elements such as the menu bar, panels, labels, text fields, buttons, etc. The J Frame window opens when almost any other Swing application first launches.
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les agrees to install a new hard drive and software on marilee's computer in exchange for four of her used textbooks. after he installs the hard drive, les says he won't install the software unless marilee gives him two more books. what legal position are the parties in now?
Marilee can sue for breach of contract, because Les had a preexisting duty to do all of the work.
What is hard drive ?
The physical device that houses all of your digital stuff is a hard disk. Digital stuff that is kept on a hard drive includes your papers, photos, music, videos, applications, application preferences, and operating system. There are internal and external hard drives.
What is software?
Software is a collection of instructions, data, or computer programs that are used to run machines and carry out particular activities. It is the antithesis of hardware, which refers to a computer's external components. A device's running programs, scripts, and applications are collectively referred to as "software" in this context.
What does running program means?
Double-click the executable file or the shortcut icon pointing to the executable file on Windows to start the program. If you find it difficult to double-click an icon, you can highlight it by clicking it once and then using the Enter key on the keyboard.
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data mining is used to explore large amounts of data, looking for hidden patterns that can be used to predict future trends and behaviors. a. true b. false
In order to uncover hidden patterns that can be utilized to forecast future trends and behaviors, data mining is used to examine enormous volumes of data. Let's say you excel at math and statistics.
If you want to become a data scientist, you will need to expand your skill set to include programming. Analyzing a vast amount of data to find patterns and trends is known as data mining. Large data sets are sorted through in data mining in order to find patterns and relationships that can be used in data analysis to help solve business problems. Enterprises can forecast future trends and make more informed business decisions thanks to data mining techniques and tools. Large amounts of data from various sources are centralized and consolidated in a data warehouse.
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you have a dvd-rom disc with no label, and you want to know if it has any important files on it. you insert the dvd-rom into your optical media drive, then you double-click the drive letter for the optical drive to see the contents of the disc. if the dvd-rom is not a valid disc, which error message will you see?
When you have a DVD-ROM disc with no label, and you want to know if it has any important files on it and after you insert the DVD-ROM into your optical media drive, then you double-click the drive letter for the optical drive to see the contents of the disc and if he DVD-ROM is not a valid disc, it will display the error message "no media".
What is an error message?
When an unexpected issue arises, information is shown in the form of an error message, typically on a computer or other device. Error message is frequently shown using dialog boxes on contemporary operating systems with graphical user interfaces. An error message is, to put it simply, a message that is delivered to the user by an operating system or program whenever an unexpected circumstance occurs. Error message is necessary to pass crucial cautions or when user intervention is required.
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which type of nat allows many computers to share a pool of routable ip addresses that number fewer than the computers?
A pool of routable IP addresses which is smaller than the number of computers can be shared by several computers thanks to dynamic NAT.
What is dynamic NAT?A private IP address or subnets inside the SD-WAN network are mapped many-to-one to a public IP address or subnet from outside SD-WAN network through dynamic NAT. In the LAN segment, traffic from several zones and subnets is delivered over just a single public (outside) IP address instead of using trusted (inside) IP addresses.Dynamic network address translation makes it possible to automatically map inside local and outside global addresses, in contrast to static NAT, which always maps inside local and outside global addresses. A collection or pool of public IPv4 addresses is used by dynamic NAT for translation.A private IP address or subnet inside the SD-WAN network is many-to-one mapped to a public IP address or subnet from outside network via dynamic NAT.To learn more about dynamic NAT refer to :
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what is the minimum pixel depth, in bytes, that would be needed to store percentages as integer values?
The minimum pixel depth, in bytes, that would be needed to store percentages as integer values is 1 byte.
Digital information is stored in units called bytes, which typically have eight bits. The byte is the lowest addressable unit of memory in various computer architectures because it was historically the amount of bits needed to encode a single character of text in a computer.
Network protocol specifications such as The Internet Protocol (RFC 791) refer to an 8-bit byte as an octet to distinguish them from the ordinary 8-bit definition. Depending on the bit endianness, an octet's bits are typically counted from 0 to 7 or 7 to 0, respectively. Since the first bit is a zero, the eighth bit is a seven.
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11.7 lab: exception handling to detect input string vs. integerthe given program reads a list of single-word first names and ages (ending with -1), and outputs that list with the age incremented. the program fails and throws an exception if the second input on a line is a string rather than an integer. at fixme in the code, add a try/catch statement to catch java.util.inputmismatchexception, and output 0 for the age.ex: if the input is:
Using knowledge of computational language in JAVA to write a code that given program reads a list of single-word first names and ages (ending with -1), and outputs that list with the age incremented.
Writting the code:import java.util.Scanner;
import java.util.InputMismatchException;
public class NameAgeChecker {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scnr = new Scanner(System.in);
String inputName;
int age;
inputName = scnr.next();
while (!(inputName.equals("-1"))){
try {
age = scnr.nextInt();
}
catch (InputMismatchException ex){
age = -1;
scnr.nextLine();
}
System.out.println(inputName + " " + (age + 1));
inputName = scnr.next();
}
}
}
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a company intends to improve the productivity of its developers so that the programming is easier and can be finished quickly with fewer syntax errors. what should the company provide to its developers to work?
A standardized programming language called Structured Query Language (SQL) is used to administer relational databases and carry out various operations on the data they contain.
Python is arguably the most well-known general-purpose language, and it has hooks everywhere. from database administration and integration to online tools and systems management. A sort of software application called antimalware was developed to safeguard computers and information technology (IT) systems from malware. Computer systems are scanned by antimalware tools to prevent, identify, and remove malware. A Trojan cloaks itself as desired software or code. The Trojan can take control of victims' systems for harmful reasons after being downloaded by unwary users.
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Darius needs to include contact information in an email that he is sending to a colleague. Which option should he choose from the ribbon?
Attach File
Attach Item
Attach Policy
Attach Signature
Attach the Signature option should he choose from the ribbon. Thus, option D is correct.
What is email?An email has taken the place of all other ways of communication because it allows us to email quick attachments like images and even films, and we're able to do it from where ever using any tool we happen to possess at the time.
Before the signer's title comes one of several symbols used to identify a digital form of a signature that can be represented. This digital form weill help to evaluate who has to send the email to the colleague.
Therefore, option D is the correct option.
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a(n) character is a symbol that can be used as a general substitute for other characters or commands.
Wildcard character is a symbol that can be used as a general substitute for other characters or commands.
What is a wildcard character?Wildcards are special characters that can be used to search for many things with similar but different data since they can stand in for unknown characters in a text value. The retrieval of data based on a specific pattern match can also be aided by wildcards. Identifying every John on Park Street, for instance.The asterisk (*), which stands for one or more characters, and the question mark (? ), which stands for one character, are the two most used wildcards.A wildcard character in software is a type of placeholder that is represented by a single character, like an asterisk, and can be read as a variety of literal characters or an empty string.To learn more about wildcard character refer to:
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the cumipmt function has the syntax cumipmt(rate, nper, pv, start, end, type). what do you enter for the type argument?
Since the CUMIPMT function has the syntax CUMIPMT, the type that you can enter for the Type argument is option B and D:
b. Enter 0 if payments are made at the end of the period, or enter 1 if payments are made at the start. d. Enter the interest rate of the loan or investment.What is the CUMIPMT Function argument?The following arguments are used with the CUMIPMT function:
Rate is the amount of interest charged every period (necessary argument). The total number of payment periods for which the loan or investment must be repaid, Nper (necessary argument).
Pv (mandatory argument) - The Present Value of the loan or investment is represented by this. Start period is the initial period's number that must be used to calculate interest (mandatory argument). It must be an integer with a value between 1 and the given NPER.
Lastly, End period is the final time frame for interest calculations (mandatory parameter). It has to be an integer with a value between 1 and the given NPER. Type is a necessary argument that can either be 0 or 1. It is an integer that indicates if the interest is paid.
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See full question below
The CUMIPMT function has the syntax CUMIPMT(Rate, Nper, Pv, Start, End, Type). What do you enter for the Type argument? a. Enter the starting and ending payment periods. b. Enter 0 if payments are made at the end of the period, or enter 1 if payments are made at the start. c. Enter the number of payment periods. d. Enter the interest rate of the loan or investment.
describe how to perform a removal from a hash table that uses linear probing to resolve collisions where we do not use a special marker to represent deleted elements. that is, we must rearrange the contents so it appears that the removed entry was never inserted in the first place.
We follow the following steps, to perform a removal from a hash table that uses linear probing to resolve collisions where we do not use a special marker to represent deleted elements. that is, we must rearrange the contents so it appears that the removed entry was never inserted in the first place:
Find and remove the desired elementGo to the next bucketIf the bucket is empty, quitIf the bucket is full, delete the element in that bucket and re-add it to the hash table using the normal means. The item must be removed before re-adding because it is likely that the item could be added back into its original spot.Repeat step 2.This technique keeps your table tidy at the expense of slightly slower deletions.
What is linear probing?
In computer programming, linear probing is a technique for dealing with collisions in hash tables, which are data structures for storing a variety of key-value combinations and locating the value corresponding to a particular key. When a collision happens in linear probing, we continue probing until an empty. Although linear probing is simple to compute, clustering is its biggest drawback. It takes time to look for an element or to find an empty bucket since it creates numerous consecutive items that clump together.
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what is the difference between stateful autoconfiguration and stateless autoconfiguration for ipv6?
A stateful DHCPv6 server gives hosts IPv6 addresses in addition to "other information."Additionally, it monitors how each assignment is progressing.
What does stateful and stateless configuration mean in IPv6?Stateless here refers to the fact that no server maintains track of which hosts have received which addresses and which addresses are still up for grabs.A stateful DHCPv6 server gives hosts IPv6 addresses in addition to "other information."Additionally, it monitors how each assignment is progressing. Some of the network administrator's chores are automated via stateless address auto configuration.The method used by IPv6 nodes (hosts or routers) to automatically configure IPv6 addresses for interfaces is known as stateless address auto configuration. The following kinds of auto-configuration are supported by IPv6:Auto-configuration with state:Since the installation and management of the nodes require a Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol for IPv6 (DHCPv6) server, this kind of configuration necessitates some amount of human involvement. Nodes use stateless DHCPv6 to obtain additional data, such as a DNS server list and a domain name, without the need for individual nodes to maintain any dynamic state.To learn more about ipv6 refer
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write a function switch stay that asks the user if they want to switch to the remaining door or stay with their original choice. catch any errors and continue asking for input until the user inputs a valid choice.
Python's built-in input() function is known for always returning an object of the str(string) class.
How do you get integer input from user in Python?Python's built-in int() function, we must type cast inputs that are integers before utilizing them.You must use the int() function to turn the user input into an integer before you can utilize them as integers. For instance, age=int("What is your age?") As long as the user enters an integer, this piece of code should function properly.In Python, the input() and print() functions are used to receive input from users and produce output that is displayed on the screen. Users can supply the application with any information in the form of texts or numbers by using the input() function.It is displayed on the screen through the print() function. In the command line, the user must press the enter key. After that, the string you entered is sent to your application. Therefore, you may use the function input(), which accepts an input string to print, to obtain a text value.To Learn more About built-in input() function Refer to:
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so about computers can you tell me about bit coins and giga watts
Bitcoin is a decentralized digital money that may be purchased, sold, and exchanged whereas gigawatt hour is a measure of energy that equals one million kilowatt hours.
What is a Bitcoin?Bitcoin's creator, Satoshi Nakamoto, originally described the need for “an electronic payment system based on cryptographic proof instead of trust.” Digital currency known as Bitcoin is completely decentralized and not subject to bank or governmental regulation. Instead, cryptography and peer-to-peer software are employed. A public ledger, a copy of which is stored on servers throughout the world, records every bitcoin transaction.
What is a Giga Watts?1 Kilowatt hour [kWh] = 0.000 001 Gigawatt hour [GWh]
1,449 kilowatt hours (kWh) of energy to mine a single bitcoin.
0.001449 GWh
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you are considering using wi-fi triangulation to track the location of wireless devices within your organization. however, you have read on the internet that this type of tracking can produce inaccurate results. what is the most important consideration for gett
Create a guest access WLAN that separates guest WLAN traffic from other clients on the same access point and uses open authentication.
The most frequent cause of failure is a lack of user knowledge of the policy's contents. Even the finest security policy can provide a false sense of security that puts crucial assets at risk if user education and enforcement are lacking. One of the most crucial best practices for wireless network security is using a strong password. A strong password consists of a minimum of eight characters, a mix of capital and lower-case letters, numbers, and symbols. To keep passwords secure, they should be changed frequently.
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in all but very rare cases, what must loops contain within themselves? group of answer choices nested decision strucures arithmetic operators nested loops a way to terminate
FOR LOOPS and WHILE LOOPS are two popular types of loops. While a While loop runs a fixed number of times, a For loop runs a variable number of times.
For Loop: A for loop is an iteration technique that works best when the number of iterations is known in advance. The initialization, expression, and increment statements always come after it. A test-at-the-bottom loop is another name for a guarded loop. A test-at-the-bottom loop is another name for an unprotected loop. The loop actions are always run at least once in an unguarded loop. A do while loop delays evaluating the condition until the end of the loop. As a result, a do while loop always runs at least once.
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as an it leader in a fast growing technology start-up, which software development methodology would you implement to ensure your firm can make adjustments when necessary?
As an IT leader in a fast growing technology start-up, a software development methodology which you should implement to ensure your firm can make adjustments when necessary is agile.
The software development models.In Computer technology, some example of the models and methodologies that are typically used in the software development life cycle (SDLC) include the following;
Waterfall modelIncremental modelSpiral modelBig bang model.V-shaped model.Agile model.What is Agile software development?In Agile software development, the software development team are generally more focused on the production of working and active software programs with less effort on documentation, while ensuring that adjustments can be made when necessary.
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Complete Question:
As an IT leader in a fast growing technology start-up, which software development methodology would you implement to ensure your firm can make adjustments when necessary?
agile
v-shaped
ascending
spiral
waterfall
and assuming main memory is initially unloaded, show the page faulting behavior using the following page replacement policies. how many page faults are generated by each page replacement algorithm?
FIFO
// C++ implementation of FIFO page replacement
// in Operating Systems.
#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
// Function to find page faults using FIFO
int pageFaults(int pages[], int n, int capacity)
{
// To represent set of current pages. We use
// an unordered_set so that we quickly check
// if a page is present in set or not
unordered_set<int> s;
// To store the pages in FIFO manner
queue<int> indexes;
// Start from initial page
int page_faults = 0;
for (int i=0; i<n; i++)
{
// Check if the set can hold more pages
if (s.size() < capacity)
{
// Insert it into set if not present
// already which represents page fault
if (s.find(pages[i])==s.end())
{
// Insert the current page into the set
s.insert(pages[i]);
// increment page fault
page_faults++;
// Push the current page into the queue
indexes.push(pages[i]);
}
}
// If the set is full then need to perform FIFO
// i.e. remove the first page of the queue from
// set and queue both and insert the current page
else
{
// Check if current page is not already
// present in the set
if (s.find(pages[i]) == s.end())
{
// Store the first page in the
// queue to be used to find and
// erase the page from the set
int val = indexes.front();
// Pop the first page from the queue
indexes.pop();
// Remove the indexes page from the set
s.erase(val);
// insert the current page in the set
s.insert(pages[i]);
// push the current page into
// the queue
indexes.push(pages[i]);
// Increment page faults
page_faults++;
}
}
}
return page_faults;
}
// Driver code
int main()
{
int pages[] = {7, 0, 1, 2, 0, 3, 0, 4,
2, 3, 0, 3, 2};
int n = sizeof(pages)/sizeof(pages[0]);
int capacity = 4;
cout << pageFaults(pages, n, capacity);
return 0;
}
LRU
//C++ implementation of above algorithm
#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
// Function to find page faults using indexes
int pageFaults(int pages[], int n, int capacity)
{
// To represent set of current pages. We use
// an unordered_set so that we quickly check
// if a page is present in set or not
unordered_set<int> s;
// To store least recently used indexes
// of pages.
unordered_map<int, int> indexes;
// Start from initial page
int page_faults = 0;
for (int i=0; i<n; i++)
{
// Check if the set can hold more pages
if (s.size() < capacity)
{
// Insert it into set if not present
// already which represents page fault
if (s.find(pages[i])==s.end())
{
s.insert(pages[i]);
// increment page fault
page_faults++;
}
// Store the recently used index of
// each page
indexes[pages[i]] = i;
}
// If the set is full then need to perform lru
// i.e. remove the least recently used page
// and insert the current page
else
{
// Check if current page is not already
// present in the set
if (s.find(pages[i]) == s.end())
{
// Find the least recently used pages
// that is present in the set
int lru = INT_MAX, val;
for (auto it=s.begin(); it!=s.end(); it++)
{
if (indexes[*it] < lru)
{
lru = indexes[*it];
val = *it;
}
}
// Remove the indexes page
s.erase(val);
// insert the current page
s.insert(pages[i]);
// Increment page faults
page_faults++;
}
// Update the current page index
indexes[pages[i]] = i;
}
}
return page_faults;
}
// Driver code
int main()
{
int pages[] = {7, 0, 1, 2, 0, 3, 0, 4, 2, 3, 0, 3, 2};
int n = sizeof(pages)/sizeof(pages[0]);
int capacity = 4;
cout << pageFaults(pages, n, capacity);
return 0;
}
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