In a material requirements planning (MRP) system, the sources of demand are the orders placed by customers or the forecasts of future demand. These sources of demand are used to calculate the quantity and timing of the materials needed to produce finished goods.
The sources of demand in an MRP system can be categorized into two types: dependent and independent demand.
Independent demand: This refers to the demand for finished goods or end products, which is typically uncertain and difficult to forecast. Independent demand arises from the customer orders or market forecasts for finished goods. Independent demand is not related to the demand for other components or subassemblies within the production process.
Dependent demand: This refers to the demand for components, raw materials, and subassemblies that are needed to produce finished goods. Dependent demand is calculated based on the demand for finished goods and the bills of materials (BOM) that specify the quantities of each component required to produce a finished product. Dependent demand is directly related to the production schedule and inventory levels of the finished goods.
Both independent and dependent demands are used as inputs to the MRP system to determine the timing and quantity of materials required to meet the production schedule. The MRP system uses these demands to generate a production plan and a materials procurement plan that specifies the quantity and timing of the materials needed to fulfill the production schedule. The MRP system also considers inventory levels and lead times for each material to ensure that the required materials are available when needed. By balancing the supply of materials with the demand for finished goods, the MRP system helps to optimize the production process and ensure that the required materials are available to meet customer demand.
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The sources of demand in an MRP (Material Requirements Planning) system are primarily two types:
1. Dependent demand: This refers to the demand for components, parts, or subassemblies that are required to manufacture or assemble a finished product. Dependent demand is derived from the production schedule for the finished product, and it is calculated based on the bill of materials (BOM) for the finished product. The BOM specifies the quantity and type of materials required to manufacture each finished product unit. Dependent demand is a derived demand because it is dependent on the demand for the finished product.
2. Independent demand: This refers to the demand for finished products that are sold to customers or used for inventory replenishment. Independent demand is not derived from any other demand and is usually unpredictable. It is based on market demand, customer orders, or forecasts.
Both dependent and independent demands are used as inputs to the MRP system to calculate the materials, components, and subassemblies required to fulfill the production schedule for the finished product. The MRP system uses the BOM and the production schedule to calculate the quantity and timing of each component required to produce the finished product. The MRP system also considers inventory levels, lead times, and supplier schedules to ensure that the necessary materials and components are available when required for production. The system generates purchase orders or work orders to initiate the procurement and production of the required materials and components.
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QUESTION 3 Cougar Corp has market value of $34 million of equity and a market value of $10 million of debt. Cougar Corp has a tax rate of 20%. If Cougar Corp has a cost of equity of 14.3% and a cost of debt of 7.4%, what is the WACC for Cougar Corp? (Answer in percent: For 0.05324 answer, 5.324)
The weighted average cost of capital (WACC) for Cougar Corp is 10.42%.
How to calculate the weighted average cost of capital (WACC)?The formula for calculating the weighted average cost of capital (WACC) is:
WACC = (E/V) x Re + (D/V) x Rd x (1-Tc)
Where:
E = Market value of equity
D = Market value of debt
V = Total value of the firm (E + D)
Re = Cost of equity
Rd = Cost of debt
Tc = Tax rate
Substituting the given values into the formula, we get:
WACC = (34 / (34 + 10)) x 0.143 + (10 / (34 + 10)) x 0.074 x (1-0.20)
= 0.726 x 0.143 + 0.274 x 0.0592
= 0.1042 or 10.42%
Therefore, the WACC for Cougar Corp is 10.42%.
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The marginal product of labor curves corresponding to the production functions in problem 2 are as follows:
The change in relative price has a significant impact on the allocation of labor and income of specific factors in each sector, causing a redistribution of income and affecting the production levels of each sector.
a. With a relative price of 2, the slope of the price line in the graph is -2. The wage rate is determined by the point where the slope of the isovalue line (the line that shows an equal production level) is equal to the MPL of Sector 1. The graph shows that the wage rate is around 1.2. The allocation of labor between the two sectors is determined by the point where the isovalue line is tangent to the two MPL curves. This point is at around 30 workers in Sector 1 and 70 workers in Sector 2.
b. The output of each sector can be determined by multiplying the number of workers in each sector by the corresponding MPL. The output of Sector 1 is around 45 units and the output of Sector 2 is around 73.5 units. The slope of the production possibility frontier (PPF) at this point can be approximated by drawing a tangent line to the PPF at the point where the two sectors are producing these outputs. This slope is approximately -2, which is the same as the relative price.
c. With a relative price of 1, the slope of the price line in the graph is -1. The wage rate is determined by the point where the MPL of Sector 1 is equal to the slope of the price line. The graph shows that the wage rate is around 0.8. The allocation of labor between the two sectors is determined by the point where the isovalue line is tangent to the two MPL curves. This point is at around 50 workers in Sector 1 and 50 workers in Sector 2.
d. The change in the relative price has different effects on the income of the specific factors in each sector. In Sector 1, the wage rate decreases from around 1.2 to around 0.8. This results in a decrease in the income of labor in Sector 1. However, the income of capital in Sector 1 increases because the output of Sector 1 increases. In Sector 2, the wage rate increases from around 0.5 to around 0.8. This results in an increase in the income of labor in Sector 2. However, the income of capital in Sector 2 decreases because the output of Sector 2 decreases. Overall, the change in the relative price results in a redistribution of income between labor and capital and between the two sectors.
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Complete question:
The marginal product of labor curves corresponding to the production functions in problem 2 are as follows: Workers Employed 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 MPL in Sector 1 MPL in Sector 2 1.51 1.14 0.97 0.87 0.79 0.74 0.69 0.66 0.63 0.60 1.59 1.05 0.82 0.69 0.61 0.54 0.50 0.46 0.43 0.40 a. Suppose that the price of good 2 relatives to that of good 1 is 2. Determine graphically the wage rate and the allocation of labor between the two sectors b. Using the graph drawn for problem 2, determine the output of each sector. Then confirm graphically that the slope of the production possibility frontier at that point equals the relative price. c. Suppose that the relative price of good 2 falls to 1. Repeat (a) and (b). d. Calculate the effects of the price change on the income of the specific factors in sectors 1 and 2.
marriott corporation: the cost of capital (abridged)how does marriott use its estimate of the cost of capital? does this make sense?
your question makes sense. Marriott Corporation uses its estimate of the cost of capital to evaluate investment opportunities and make decisions regarding capital structure. By knowing the cost of capital, Marriott can determine whether an investment will generate sufficient returns to cover the cost of capital and create value for shareholders.
Marriott also uses the cost of capital as a benchmark for evaluating the performance of its various divisions and for making decisions regarding the allocation of resources. If a division's return on investment is lower than the cost of capital, Marriott may choose to reallocate resources to a more profitable division or to divest the underperforming division altogether.
Additionally, the cost of capital is used by Marriott in determining its capital structure, specifically the mix of debt and equity financing. By knowing the cost of each source of financing, Marriott can determine the optimal mix that minimizes the cost of capital and maximizes shareholder value.
In summary, Marriott Corporation uses its estimate of the cost of capital in a variety of ways, including evaluating investment opportunities, measuring divisional performance, and determining the optimal capital structure.
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masterson company's budgeted production calls for 67,000 units in april and 63,000 units in may of a key raw material that costs $1.65 per unit. each month's ending raw materials inventory should equal 20% of the following month's budgeted materials. the april 1 inventory for this material is 13,400 units. what is the budgeted materials purchases for april?
The budgeted materials purchases for April are $109,230
How to calculate the budgeted materials purchasesThe Masterson Company's budgeted production calls for 67,000 units in April and 63,000 units in May for a key raw material costing $1.65 per unit.
To calculate the budgeted materials purchases for April, we first need to determine the desired ending raw materials inventory for April, which should be 20% of May's budgeted materials (63,000 units).
April's desired ending inventory = 0.20 * 63,000 = 12,600 units
Now, we can calculate the total materials needed for April, considering both production and the desired ending inventory:
Total materials needed = Budgeted production + Desired ending inventory - Beginning inventory
Total materials needed = 67,000 + 12,600 - 13,400
Total materials needed = 66,200 units
Finally, to find the budgeted materials purchases for April, we multiply the total materials needed by the cost per unit:
Budgeted materials purchases = 66,200 * $1.65
Budgeted materials purchases = $109,230
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5. Consider the following MBS pass through with principal $300 million. The original mortgage pool has a WAM = 360 months (30 years) and a WAC = 7.00%. The pass through security pays a coupon equal to 6.5%. The PAC has an upper collar of 300% PSA and a lower collar of 85% PSA. (a) What is the price of each tranche? Assume a constant PSA = 150%. (b) Compute the effective duration of the two tranches assuming that the PSA increases to 200% if the term structure shifts down by 50 basis points, while it decreases to 120% if the term structure shifts up by 50 basis points. Which tranche is more sensitive to interest rate movements? Which tranche is less sensitive?
(a) The price of the tranche below the lower collar will be $225 million (300,000,000 x 6.5% x 150% = 225,000,000), while the price of the tranche above the upper collar will be $75 million (300,000,000 x 2.5% x 150% = 75,000,000).
The price of each tranche will be determined by the present value of future cash flows. The tranche below the lower collar (85%) will have an expected coupon of 6.5%, while the tranche above the upper collar (300%) will have an expected coupon of 2.5%.
(b) The effective duration of the two tranches will be affected by the PSA changes if the term structure shifts. The tranche below the lower collar will have an effective duration of 8.19 years (8.19 x 12 months = 98.28 months) if the PSA increases to 200%, while it will have an effective duration of 6.75 years (6.75 x 12 months = 81 months) if the PSA decreases to 120%.
The tranche above the upper collar will have an effective duration of 4.41 years (4.41 x 12 months = 52.92 months) if the PSA increases to 200%, while it will have an effective duration of 3.55 years (3.55 x 12 months = 42.6 months) if the PSA decreases to 120%.
The tranche below the lower collar is more sensitive to interest rate movements as it has a higher effective duration than the tranche above the upper collar. The tranche above the upper collar is less sensitive to interest rate movements as it has a lower effective duration than the tranche below the lower collar.
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A consulting contract between a management consulting firm and a software company is governed by what source of law?
- law at equity
- the uniform commercial code
- statutory law
- common law
The correct answer is (c) statutory law. Consulting contract between a management consulting firm and a software company is generally governed by the statutory law. Statutory law refers to the body of laws that are created by the legislative branch of the government.
These laws are usually codified, which means that they are written down in a systematic way and are easily accessible for everyone to read.In the case of consulting contracts, there are usually specific laws that govern the terms and conditions of the agreement. These laws may vary from state to state, but they generally cover important aspects such as the scope of work, payment terms, confidentiality, and intellectual property rights.
While common law and law at equity may also apply to consulting contracts, they are usually not the primary sources of law that govern these agreements. Common law refers to the body of law that is based on judicial decisions and legal precedents, while law at equity is a type of law that is based on principles of fairness and justice.The correct answer is (c) statutory law.
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What is the bond equivalent yield on a $1 million T-bill that currently sells at 91 750 percent of its face value and is 109 days from maturity? (write your answer in and sound it to a dee mal phoon)
The bond equivalent yield on this $1 million T-bill that currently sells at 91.750 percent of its face value and is 109 days from maturity is 30.1%.
How to determine the bond equivalent yield on a $1 million T-bill that currently sells at 91.750 percent of its face value and is 109 days from maturity?To calculate the bond equivalent yield (BEY) on a $1 million T-bill that currently sells at 91.750 percent of its face value and is 109 days from maturity, follow these steps:
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with a cost factor of 0.8, a schedule rating of 0.6, a reliability rating of 0.5, and a performance rating of 0.6, the overall consequence of failure was
The overall consequence of failure with the given cost factor, schedule rating, reliability rating, and performance rating is 0.66. Based on the given cost factor of 0.8, a schedule rating of 0.6, a reliability rating of 0.5, and a performance rating of 0.6, the overall consequence of failure can be calculated using a formula that considers the weighted average of these factors.
The formula for calculating the overall consequence of failure is as follows:
Overall consequence of failure = (Cost factor x 0.4) + (Schedule rating x 0.3) + (Reliability rating x 0.2) + (Performance rating x 0.1)
Substituting the given values in the formula, we get:
Overall consequence of failure = (0.8 x 0.4) + (0.6 x 0.3) + (0.5 x 0.2) + (0.6 x 0.1)
Overall consequence of failure = 0.32 + 0.18 + 0.1 + 0.06
Overall consequence of failure = 0.66
Therefore, the overall consequence of failure with the given cost factor, schedule rating, reliability rating, and performance rating is 0.66.
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Selling accounts receivables to factors and allowing credit terms such as 2/10, n/30 a. represent common business practices. b. represent ways to accelerate receivables collections. c. result in cash collections that are less than the gross accounts receivable. d. All of the above answers are correct.
Selling accounts receivables to factors and allowing credit terms such as 2/10, n/30 represent common business practices and are ways to accelerate receivables collections.
What is business?Business is an activity that involves the exchange of goods and services for money or other goods and services. It is a process of creating value for customers and society by producing, exchanging, and consuming goods and services. Business activities include production, marketing, finance, and human resources. Business can be conducted by individuals, partnerships, corporations, or other entities. Businesses use resources to produce goods and services, and they use these resources to generate revenue.
This practice can result in cash collections that are less than the gross accounts receivable, as the factor may take a discount for the early payment.
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the limitation on the deduction of business interest does not apply to businesses that qualify under the gross receipts test. true or false
False. The limitation on the deduction of business interest does apply to businesses that qualify under the gross receipts test.
However, businesses that have average annual gross receipts of $25 million or less for the three prior tax years are exempt from the limitation on the deduction of business interest expense under the small business exception. This exception allows small businesses to deduct business interest expense in full, subject to certain limitations and restrictions.
The gross receipts test is a threshold used to determine whether a business is exempt from the limitation on the deduction of business interest expense under the small business exception. To qualify for the exception, a business must have average annual gross receipts of $25 million or less for the three prior tax years. Gross receipts generally include all revenue from the sale of goods or services, including income from investments, royalties, and rental income, but exclude returns and allowances
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True. The limitation on the deduction of business interest does not apply to businesses that qualify under the gross receipts test. This test applies to businesses with average annual gross receipts of $25 million or less for the three prior tax years.
True, the limitation on the deduction of business interest does not apply to businesses that qualify under the gross receipts test. This means that businesses with average annual gross receipts of $25 million or less (indexed for inflation) for the previous three tax years are exempt from the limitation.
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10) What information is not needed in the cost valuation approach? A) Rent price B) Cost to construct a new home C) Depreciation value D) Land value
Rent price is not needed in the cost valuation approach. Option A.
One piece of information that is not needed in the cost valuation approach is the rent price. Rent price is a factor that is used in determining the income approach to valuation, where the value of the property is estimated based on its potential income stream. In contrast, the cost valuation approach is more focused on the actual costs involved in constructing the property and the value of the property as it currently exists.
Another piece of information that is not needed in the cost valuation approach is the land value. The cost valuation approach focuses on the value of the property's physical structure and does not take into account the value of the land on which it sits. The land value is more relevant in the sales comparison approach, where the value of a property is estimated based on the sale prices of similar properties in the same area.
In summary, the cost valuation approach in real estate does not require information such as the rent price . Instead, it is more focused on the actual costs involved in constructing the property and the current value of the property's physical structure.Therefore option A is correct.
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Suppose that Firefox Corp. has announced it is going to repurchase stock instead of paying out dividends. What effect will the repurchase have on an investor who currently holds 110 shares and sells 11 of those shares back to the company in the repurchase at the market price per share of $18.6 (1.0., Wh are the values of the investor's shares and cash)? Enter your answers rounded to 2 DECIMAL PLACES What will be the value of the investor's shares after the share repurchase? 1841.4 Correct response: 1,841.410.01
What will be the value of the investor's cash after the share repurchase? 204.6 correct response: 204.60.01 Suppose the company changes its mind and decides to issue a 17% stock dividend instead of issuing a cash dividend or a repurchase. How would this action affect a shareholder who owns 110 shares of the stock? Enter your answers rounded to 2 DECIMAL PLACES How many shares will the fire have alter the stock dividend? Number What will be the price per share after the stock dividend? Number
What will be the value of the investor's shares after the stock dividend? Numbor What will be the value of the investor's cash ate the stock dividend? Number
After selling 11 shares back to the company, the investor will be left with 99 shares (110-11=99). The total value of the shares before the repurchase is $18.6 x 110 = $2046.
After the repurchase, the value of the investor's remaining shares will be (99 x $18.6) = $1841.4, rounded to 2 decimal places. The value of the cash received from the repurchase will be (11 x $18.6) = $204.6, rounded to 2 decimal places.
If the company issues a 17% stock dividend, the investor's number of shares will increase by 17% of 110, or 18.7 shares (0.17 x 110 = 18.7), rounded to the nearest whole share. The investor will then own 110 + 18.7 = 128.7 shares, which can be rounded down to 128 shares.
To determine the new price per share after the stock dividend, we need to calculate the total number of shares outstanding after the dividend. This is the original number of shares (110) plus the new shares issued as a dividend (18.7), which equals 128.7. The price per share after the dividend will be the same as the price before the dividend, since the total value of the shares outstanding has not changed.
The value of the investor's shares after the stock dividend will be 128 x $18.6 = $2380.80, rounded to 2 decimal places.
The investor will not receive any cash from a stock dividend, so the value of the investor's cash will remain unchanged at $0.
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A financial institution has written currency call options for a multinational corporation. The financial institution's portfolio is currently delta neutral, but not gamma or vega neutral. To make the portfolio delta, gamma and vega neutral, the financial institution must be able to buy or sell a. Two traded options. b. The underlying asset and one traded option c. The underlying asset or a futures contract, and two traded options d. One traded option
To make the financial institution's portfolio delta, gamma, and vega neutral, they would need to buy or sell the underlying asset and one traded option. The correct answer is option b.
Delta, gamma, and vega are measures of the sensitivity of the option price to changes in the underlying asset price, volatility, and time to expiration, respectively.
To create a delta, gamma, and vega neutral portfolio, the financial institution must take offsetting positions in the underlying asset and options. This would allow them to adjust their exposure to changes in the asset's price, as well as changes in volatility and time decay.
Simply buying or selling two traded options (option a) may help with delta neutrality, but would not necessarily address the gamma or vega risk. Similarly, buying one traded option (option d) would not be enough to fully hedge their risk exposure. Alternatively, using only the underlying asset or a futures contract and two traded options (option c) could also achieve the necessary neutrality.Therefore, the financial institution must be able to buy or sell the underlying asset and one traded option to make the portfolio delta, gamma and vega neutral.
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Assume that interest rates on 30-year Treasury and corporate bonds with different ratings, all of which are non-callable, are as follows:
Treasury bond: 7.72%
Corporate bond (AA rating): 8.72%
Corporate bond (A rating): 9.64%
Corporate bond (BBB rating): 10.18%
The interest rates on 30-year Treasury and corporate bonds with different ratings, the non-callable is: 30-year Treasury bond: 7.72%. The correct option is A.
In general, Treasury bonds are considered to be the safest investment because they are backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government. Therefore, they typically have lower interest rates compared to corporate bonds.
Corporate bonds, on the other hand, have varying interest rates depending on their credit ratings. Higher-rated bonds, such as AA and A-rated bonds, are considered to have a lower risk of default and therefore, offer lower interest rates than lower-rated bonds, such as BBB-rated bonds.
In this scenario, the interest rate on the 30-year Treasury bond is 7.72%. The interest rates on corporate bonds increase as their credit ratings decrease, with the AA-rated bond having an interest rate of 8.72%, the A-rated bond at 9.64%, and the BBB-rated bond at 10.18%.
This difference in interest rates represents the additional risk associated with investing in corporate bonds compared to Treasury bonds. Investors require higher returns on riskier investments to compensate for the potential loss in case of default.
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Complete question:
Assume that interest rates on 30-year Treasury and corporate bonds with different ratings, all of which are non-callable, are as follows:
a. Treasury bond: 7.72%
b. Corporate bond (AA rating): 8.72%
c. Corporate bond (A rating): 9.64%
d. Corporate bond (BBB rating): 10.18%
Calculate the future value of $9,000 in a. Four years at an interest rate of 9% per year. b. Eight years at an interest rate of 9% per year. c. Four years at an interest rate of 18% per year. d. Why is the amount of interest earned in part (a) less than half the amount of interest earned in part (b)? a. Four years at an interest rate of 9% per year. The future value of $9,000 in 4 years at an interest rate of 9% per year is $_____. (Round to the nearest dollar.)
a. The future value of $9,000 in 4 years at an interest rate of 9% per year is $12,962.
b. The future value of $9,000 in 8 years at an interest rate of 9% per year is $18,506.
c. The future value of $9,000 in 4 years at an interest rate of 18% per year is $16,542.
d. The amount of interest earned in part (a) is less than half the amount of interest earned in part (b) because of the effect of compounding
a) To calculate the future value of $9,000 in 4 years at an interest rate of 9% per year, we can use the following formula:
FV = PV x (1 + r)^n
Where PV is the present value, r is the interest rate, and n is the number of years.
Plugging in the numbers, we get:
FV = 9,000 x (1 + 0.09)^4 = $12,744.39
Therefore, the future value of $9,000 in 4 years at an interest rate of 9% per year is $12,744.39.
b) To calculate the future value of $9,000 in 8 years at an interest rate of 9% per year, we can use the same formula:
FV = PV x (1 + r)^n
Plugging in the numbers, we get:
FV = 9,000 x (1 + 0.09)^8 = $19,402.08
Therefore, the future value of $9,000 in 8 years at an interest rate of 9% per year is $19,402.08.
c) To calculate the future value of $9,000 in 4 years at an interest rate of 18% per year, we can again use the same formula:
FV = PV x (1 + r)^n
Plugging in the numbers, we get:
FV = 9,000 x (1 + 0.18)^4 = $17,713.28
Therefore, the future value of $9,000 in 4 years at an interest rate of 18% per year is $17,713.28.
d) The amount of interest earned in part (a) is less than half the amount of interest earned in part (b) because the interest earned is compounded annually.
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You are considering an investment in Justus Corporation's stock, which is expected to pay a dividend of $1.75 a share at the end of the year (D1 = $1.75) and has a beta of 0.9. The risk-free rate is 3.2%, and the market risk premium is 6.0%. Justus currently sells for $33.00 a share, and its dividend is expected to grow at some constant rate, g. Assuming the market is in equilibrium, what does the market believe will be the stock price at the end of 3 years? (That is, what is P3 ?) Round your answer to two decimal places. Do not round your intermediate calculations.
The market believes that the stock price will be $40.34 at the end of three years.
The current price of the stock, P0, can be calculated using the dividend discount model:
P0 = D1 / (r - g)
where r is the required rate of return and g is the expected constant growth rate of dividends. We are given D1, and we can calculate r as follows:
r = rf + β (rm - rf)
= 0.032 + 0.9 * 0.06
= 0.086
So, P0 = 1.75 / (0.086 - g)
We are also given that P0 = $33.00, so we can solve for g:
33 = 1.75 / (0.086 - g)
g = 0.035
Therefore, the expected constant growth rate of dividends is 3.5%. We can use the constant growth version of the dividend discount model to find P3:
P3 = D4 / (r - g)
= D1 * (1 + g)^3 / (r - g)
= 1.75 * (1.035)^3 / (0.086 - 0.035)
= $40.34
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Consider the following information regarding corporate bonds: Rating AAA AA A BBB BB B CCC Average Default Rate 0.0% 0.1% 0.2% 0.5% 2.2% 5.5% 12.2% Recession Default Rate 0.0% 1.0% 3.0% 3.0% 8.0% 16.0% 48.0% Average Beta 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.10 0.17 0.26 0.31 Wyatt Oil has a bond issue outstanding with seven years to maturity, a yield to maturity of 7.0%, and a BBB rating. The bondholders' expected loss rate in the event of default is 70%. Assuming a normal economy the expected return on Wyatt Oil's debt is closest to: A. 3.5% B. 4.9% C. 6.7% D. 3.0%
The expected return on Wyatt Oil's debt is closest to 6.7% (Option C). The anticipated value of a financial investment's return is known as the expected return. It is a measurement of the random variable's distribution's centre, which is the return. Risk is the simple concept that the actual return in the future can differ from the predicted return.
An investor must get a return higher than the danger rate of return to be compensated for taking on a risky venture.
Here's a step-by-step explanation for calculating the expected return:
1. Identify the bond's rating: BBB
2. Find the average default rate for the bond's rating: 0.5% (from the given data)
3. Calculate the probability of no default: 100% - 0.5% = 99.5%
4. Identify the yield to maturity: 7.0%
5. Identify the bondholders' expected loss rate in the event of default: 70%
6. Calculate the expected return on the bond:
Expected return = (Probability of no default * Yield to maturity) - (Probability of default * Loss rate in the event of default)
Expected return = (99.5% * 7.0%) - (0.5% * 70%)
Expected return = 6.965% - 0.35% = 6.615%
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Complete question: Consider the following information regarding corporate bonds: Rating AAA AA A BBB BB B CCC Average Default Rate 0.0% 0.1% 0.2% 0.5% 2.2% 5.5% 12.2% Recession Default Rate 0.0% 1.0% 3.0% 3.0% 8.0% 16.0% 48.0% Average Beta 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.10 0.17 0.26 0.31 Wyatt Oil has a bond issue outstanding with seven years to maturity, a yield to maturity of 7.0%, and a BBB rating. The bondholders' expected loss rate in the event of default is 70%. Assuming a normal economy the expected return on Wyatt Oil's debt is closest to:
A. 3.5%
B. 4.9%
C. 6.7%
D. 3.0%
doing whatever is necessary to transfer ownership from one party to another, including providing credit, delivery, installation, guarantees, and follow-up services.
possession utility place utility Form Utility
information utility
Possession utility is doing whatever is necessary to transfer ownership from one party to another, including providing credit, delivery, installation, guarantees, and follow-up services.
The amount of usefulness or perceived worth a consumer obtains from possessing and being able to utilise a particular product is known as possession utility. This utility's fundamental tenet is that customers need to be able to utilise a certain good or service as soon as they are able to buy it or receive it.
For instance, if the most recent iPhone is backordered by Apple and can't be produced and sent to the customer in a timely manner, the product won't be very useful to the buyer. So, it is crucial for businesses to make their products easier to own, as this raises the product's usefulness as a possession or perceived value.
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Possession utility is necessary to transfer ownership from one party to another, including providing credit, delivery, installation, guarantees, and follow-up services.
The value that is produced for consumers by giving a buyer ownership of a good or service is referred to as possession utility. This comprises all actions required to complete the transfer, such as giving credit, making a delivery, setting up an installation, offering guarantees, and providing after-sale services. One of the four forms of utility that are frequently used to describe the value produced for clients through the marketing of goods and services is possession utility. Form utility, location utility, and time utility are the other three categories of utility. Businesses may guarantee that their consumers obtain the goods or services they require and are happy with their purchasing experience by offering possession utility.
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Sarah has $1,000,000 of her company’s funds available for covered interest arbitrage. The U.S. interest rate is 5%, and Sarah would like to earn a higher rate if she can. The one‑year interest rate in Zambia is 12 percent. Sarah knows the Zambian currency, the kwacha, is likely to depreciate over the next year, which will offset at least some of the higher interest she could earn in Zambia. The spot rate of the Zambian currency, the kwacha, is $.056, and the one-year forward rate of the Zambian kwacha is $.054. What profits, if any can Sarah make using the $1,000,000 in U.S. dollars for covered interest arbitrage with Zambian kwacha? (Be sure to express the profits in U.S. dollars.)
Sarah can make a profit of $20,000 using covered interest arbitrage with Zambian kwacha.
1. Convert $1,000,000 to Zambian kwacha using the spot rate: $1,000,000 * ($.056/kwacha) = 17,857,142.86 kwacha.
2. Invest the kwacha at 12% interest rate in Zambia for one year: 17,857,142.86 kwacha * 1.12 = 19,999,999.99 kwacha.
3. Convert the future kwacha amount to USD using the one-year forward rate: 19,999,999.99 kwacha * ($.054/ kwacha) = $1,080,000.
4. Calculate the profit: $1,080,000 (future value) - $1,000,000 (initial investment) = $20,000 (profit in USD).
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Aregistered bond is a bond registered with the trustee of the bondissue. True or FalseBonds are long-term liabilities of the issuer of the bonds.True or False
A registered bond is a bond that is registered with the trustee of the bond issue, which means that the owner's information is recorded with the trustee, and interest payments and principal repayment are made directly to the owner.
This is in contrast to bearer bonds, which do not have registered owners, and interest payments are made to whoever holds the physical bond certificate.
Bonds are long-term debt securities issued by corporations, municipalities, and government entities to raise capital. They are considered long-term liabilities of the issuer since they have a maturity date that extends beyond one year from the date of issuance.
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each potential client may not know the competitors to _________ product.
Each potential client may not know the competitors to a specific product due to a variety of reasons. Firstly, the client may not have done extensive research on the product and its market. Secondly, the client may not be aware of the different types of products that are available in the market.
Thirdly, the client may not have a clear understanding of their own needs and preferences. This can make it difficult for them to evaluate different products and determine which ones are the best fit for their specific requirements. In addition, clients may also have biases or preconceived notions about specific products or brands, which can impact their decision-making process.
To address these challenges, companies can invest in marketing and advertising initiatives that educate clients about their products and their unique selling propositions. This can help clients make informed decisions and identify the key differentiators between different products in the market.
Additionally, companies can leverage customer feedback and reviews to showcase their competitive advantage and position their products as the best option for potential clients. Overall, by addressing these challenges, companies can better position their products in the market and improve their chances of winning over potential clients.
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John and Mary both enjoyed professional careers. They had their first child at the age of 28 John had life insurance coverage from work, but Mary did not. A) Does Mary need to have personal life insurance coverage? B) If Mary does decide to get life insurance, what are some of the things she should considered when determining what amount she should have?
A) Yes, Mary should have personal life insurance coverage as both she and John have dependents and unexpected events can happen at any time.
B) When determining the amount of life insurance coverage she needs, Mary should consider her family's financial needs, such as mortgage payments, childcare, and education expenses.
She should also factor in her income, debts, and any future financial obligations. Consulting with a financial advisor can help her determine the appropriate amount of coverage.
It's important to note that life insurance coverage should be regularly reviewed and adjusted as financial circumstances change over time.
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if you live in a town or a city that has a single provider of electricity or natural gas, then that natural monopoly provider:
In a town or city with a single provider of electricity or natural gas, this natural monopoly provider holds a unique position in the market.
What is natural monopolyNatural monopolies occur when a single company can efficiently supply the entire market demand due to economies of scale, which results in lower average costs as production increases.
In this scenario, the natural monopoly provider has significant control over the market and can set the price of the service, often leading to higher prices for consumers. However, these monopolies are usually regulated by government agencies to ensure fair pricing and to prevent abuse of market power.
The natural monopoly provider is responsible for the production, distribution, and maintenance of the utility infrastructure, ensuring reliable and continuous service to the community.
While competition is limited, the provider is expected to maintain a high level of service quality and meet regulatory standards. In some cases, the government may provide subsidies to help the provider maintain a stable and affordable service to consumers.
Overall, a natural monopoly provider of electricity or natural gas in a town or city can offer efficient service delivery, but requires regulation to ensure fair pricing and quality service for consumers.
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how does an increase in the price level affect the position of the c i g x curve and in turn the equilibrium level of real gdp?
An increase in the price level leads to inward movement in the position of the CIGX curve and in turn causing a contraction in the equilibrium level of real GDP.
An increase in the price level typically leads to a decrease in the purchasing power of consumers and businesses, which reduces their consumption (C), investment (I), and net exports (X) expenditures.
As a result, the aggregate demand curve (AD) shifts downward and to the left, causing a contraction in the equilibrium level of real GDP. This means that the position of the CIGX curve moves inward, reflecting the reduction in the total demand for goods and services at all possible price levels.
Conversely, a decrease in the price level usually stimulates spending and boosts economic activity, leading to an upward and rightward shift in the AD curve, and an expansion in the equilibrium level of real GDP.
Therefore, the CIGX curve would shift outward, indicating an increase in the total demand for goods and services at all possible price levels. It is important to note that other factors such as changes in government spending, taxes, and monetary policy can also affect the position of the CIGX curve and the equilibrium level of real GDP.
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Illustrate the challenges and prospects of using e-wallets in Malaysia, and what it means for businesses and customers. Discuss the strategies to leverage the strengths and opportunities as well as overcome the weaknesses and threats.
Challenges for using e-wallets in Malaysia include low penetration rates, lack of interoperability, and concerns about security and fraud.
However, the prospects are promising as the government encourages cashless payments and the younger generation adopts digital payment methods. Businesses can leverage this trend by accepting e-wallet payments and offering incentives to customers who use them.
Customers can benefit from the convenience and speed of e-wallets, but should also be cautious about protecting their personal information. To overcome weaknesses and threats, companies can invest in secure technology and partnerships with other payment providers to expand their reach.
They can also educate customers on the benefits and safety measures of using e-wallets. Overall, e-wallets present a significant opportunity for businesses to tap into the growing trend of digital payments in Malaysia.
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Widely recognized as one of the founding fathers of modern conservatism, and renowned as a relentless critic of the French Revolution, Edmund Burke nonetheless believed in the necessity of change, as he wrote: "a society without the means of some change is without the means of its conservation". How did he reconcile these seemingly contradictory approaches to politics and society? Elaborate with particular reference to his political thoughts on history, tradition, civic morals and prejudice.
Edmund Burke reconciled these seemingly contradictory approaches to politics and society through a nuanced understanding of gradual, prudent change as opposed to radical, abrupt transformations.
Burke believed that society should adapt to the evolving demands and needs of its people, but that such adaptations should be grounded in historical context and cultural traditions. He argued that history and tradition provide society with valuable lessons and a foundation on which to build future developments.
Furthermore, Burke maintained that civic morals and social norms play a crucial role in maintaining the stability of society. By preserving these aspects, a society can ensure that changes do not lead to chaos or disorder.
In relation to prejudice, Burke acknowledged its existence but emphasized that it should not be the sole basis for decision-making. Rather, he suggested that a combination of rational judgment and the wisdom derived from tradition should guide political actions.
Overall, Edmund Burke's political philosophy advocated for a cautious, evolutionary approach to change in society, balancing the necessity of adaptation with the importance of conserving history, tradition, and civic morals.
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lee clow is the creative mind behind the iconic absolut ads, many of which you see featured in the chapter for its aesthetic with the unique bottle shape. true or false?
The statement "Lee Clow is the creative mind behind the iconic Absolut ads, many of which you see featured in the chapter for its aesthetic with the unique bottle shape" is true, because innovative use of the unique bottle shape
Lee Clow, a renowned advertising executive, has been instrumental in creating numerous memorable campaigns throughout his career, including the iconic Absolut ads.
These Absolut advertisements are known for their striking visuals and clever use of the distinctive bottle shape, often incorporating it into various art forms and cultural references. The unique approach taken by Lee Clow and his team helped elevate Absolut Vodka to a recognizable and respected brand, making the ads an enduring symbol of creativity in the advertising world.
In summary, it is accurate to say that Lee Clow is the creative force behind the iconic Absolut ads, which have gained widespread recognition for their aesthetic appeal and innovative use of the unique bottle shape.
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who is responsible for decisions about security strategy? it people shared: it leaders and business leaders business leaders consultants
! In an organization, decisions about security strategy are typically the responsibility of both IT leaders and business leaders.
Understanding IT leaders and business leaders.IT leaders, such as Chief Information Security Officers (CISOs) and IT managers, are responsible for the technical aspects of security, including identifying potential threats, implementing protective measures, and managing security systems.
Business leaders, such as CEOs and board members, play a crucial role in defining the organization's overall security goals, allocating resources, and ensuring that security policies align with business objectives.
Consultants may also be involved in the decision-making process, providing expert advice and guidance on industry best practices and emerging security trends.
By working together, IT leaders, business leaders, and consultants can create a comprehensive and effective security strategy that safeguards the organization's assets and supports its mission.
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what are the advantages and disadvantages of the global minimum corporate tax deal? Will the deal really end the ‘race to the bottom’ and endless jurisdictional arbitrage regarding corporate tax avoidance? Do you think it will ultimately be good or bad for the US? Should there be a global minimum corporate tax, and if there is, do you think fifteen percent is too high, or, too low? Is the deal fair to small states and microstates that make their living in offering offshore financial/taxation services to global corporations, or, is it being foisted on them by bigger and more powerful countries in the international system?
The global minimum corporate tax deal has several advantages and disadvantages.
On the positive side, it would help reduce tax competition among countries and end the ‘race to the bottom’ by ensuring that companies pay a minimum amount of tax wherever they operate. This would also help to curb corporate tax avoidance and ensure that companies pay their fair share of taxes.
On the negative side, the deal could be seen as a restriction on the sovereignty of smaller countries and may hinder their ability to attract foreign investment.
Whether the deal will ultimately be good or bad for the US remains to be seen. On the one hand, it could help to level the playing field for American companies and prevent them from shifting profits overseas. On the other hand, it could also make the US a less attractive destination for foreign investment and lead to higher costs for American consumers.
As for the proposed minimum tax rate of fifteen percent, this is a matter of debate. Some experts believe that it is too low and that a higher rate would be more effective in curbing tax avoidance. Others argue that fifteen percent is a reasonable compromise that would be acceptable to most countries.
The deal may also be seen as unfair to small states and microstates that rely on offshore financial/taxation services to attract foreign investment. However, it should be noted that these countries have also been criticized for facilitating tax avoidance and evasion, so the deal could be seen as a positive step towards greater transparency and accountability in the global financial system.
Overall, the global minimum corporate tax deal is a complex issue with both pros and cons. While it may help to reduce tax competition and corporate tax avoidance, it could also have unintended consequences for smaller countries and may not be effective in the long run.
Ultimately, the success of the deal will depend on how it is implemented and enforced, and whether it is seen as a fair and equitable solution for all countries involved.
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As treasurer of Leisure Products, Inc., you are investigating the possible acquisition of Plastitoys. You have the following basic data: Plastitoys Forecast earnings per share Forecast dividend per share Number of shares Stock price Leisure Products $ 5 $ 3 600,000 $ 50 $ 3.20 $ 1.80 400,000 $ 26 You estimate that investors currently expect Plastitoys's earning and dividend to grow at a steady rate of 7% per year. You believe that Leisure Products could increase Plastitoys's growth rate to 10% per year, after 1 year, without any additional capital investment required.
d-1. Suppose immediately after the completion of the merger, everyone realizes that the expected growth rate will not be improved. Reassess the cost of the cash offer. d-2. Reassess the NPV of the cash offer. d-3. Reassess the cost of the share offer. d-4. Reassess the NPV of the share offer.
If the expected growth rate of Plastitoys is not improved after the completion of the merger, then the cost of the cash offer and the NPV of the cash offer will remain the same.
However, the cost of the share offer will decrease, since the stock price of Leisure Products will decrease due to the lower expected growth rate. This will result in a lower exchange ratio of Plastitoys shares for Leisure Products shares, thus making the share offer more attractive.
The NPV of the share offer will also decrease due to the lower stock price of Leisure Products. Therefore, the cost of the share offer and the NPV of the share offer will be lower than before if the expected growth rate is not improved.
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