To convert between a substance's count, mass, and volume, you must understand the following information: The substance's molar mass is expressed as the weight of one mole.
which is often expressed in grams per mole (g/mol). You may translate between the quantity of moles and the substance's mass by knowing the molar mass of a substance. The substance's density: The unit of measurement for density is grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm3), which represents the mass of a material per unit of volume. You can convert between a material's mass and volume by knowing the density of the substance. The compound's molar volume is: The volume of a molar is one.Typically, a chemical is measured in liters per mole (L/mol) units. You may convert between the quantity of moles and the substance's volume by knowing the molar volume of a substance.The number of atoms or molecules in one mole of a material is known as the Avogadro number.
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a solution transmits 82% of the incoming light at 520 nm. calculate the absorbance of the sample at 520 nm.
The absorbance of sample which transmits 82% of the incoming at 520nm is 0.0862.
Beer-Lambert law states that for a particular material sample, the path length as well as the concentration of the sample are directly proportional to the absorbance of the light.
The absorbance of light can be calculated by the formula,
A = 2-log 10 T%
Where, A is the absorbance and T% is the percentage transmission of light by the given sample.
T% = 82%
⇒ A = 2-log 10 T%
⇒ A = 2-log 10 (82)
⇒ A = 2 - 1.9138
⇒ A = 0.0862
The absorbance of sample which transmits 82% of the incoming at 520nm is 0.0862.
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9. A compound is 19. 3% Na, 26. 9% S, and 53. 8% 0. Its formula mass is 238 g. What is its molecular formula?
Answer:
Na2S2O8
Explanation:
See the attached worksheet. Make the convenient assumption that we have 238 grams of the compound. Then calculate the actual masses of each element. For example, there is (19.3%)*(238g) = 45.94 grams of Na. Now divide that by the molar mass of sodium (23 g/mole) to obtain the actual moles of Na in the 238 gram sample. Na is 2.0 moles.
Do the same for all the elements. We can see from the attached table that there are whole numbers of moles for each of the elements. That very convenient outcome allows us to saw that there are 2 Na, 2 S, and 4 O for each molecule of the compound. The molecular formula is Na2S2O8.
=====
In the common event that the moles are not all whole numbers, the smallest one should be multiplied by a factor that makes, or keeps it whole, and the same factor is used on the other elements. If all are whole, then stop. The new values represent the molecular formula. For example, if the outcome of this calculation was 1.5, 2, and 2.5, multiply the smallest by 2 to get 3. The others are also multiplied by the same factor, which will yield a result of Na3S4O5.
Values of 1, 2.33 and 4 would be multiplied by 3 (3*2.33 = 7) to yield Na3S7O12, for example.
Pls help!! “write the following metals using Roman numeral notation. Then explain why the Roman numeral differs for these metals. •Cu1+ •CoCl2
Answer:
Cu1+ can be written as "Cu+" in Roman numeral notation.
CoCl2 can be written as "CoCl2" in Roman numeral notation.
Roman numeral notation is used to indicate the oxidation state of an element in a compound. The oxidation state is the charge an atom would have if all of the bonding electrons were assigned to the more electronegative atom. The + sign shows that Copper has lost an electron and now has a positive charge.
In the case of CoCl2, the Roman numeral notation is not used since cobalt does not have variable oxidation states and therefor it does not have any change in its charge to indicate.
What volume of air at room conditions (20c , 760 torr) would be required to combust a full lighter of butane
The amount of air required to combust a full lighter of butane can be calculated using the stoichiometry of the combustion reaction. The complete combustion of butane (C4H10) can be represented by the following equation:
C4H10 + 6O2 -> 4CO2 + 5H2O
From this equation, we can see that for every mole of butane combusted, 6 moles of oxygen are required. To determine the volume of air required, we need to know the concentration of oxygen in air.
Air is composed of approximately 21% oxygen and 79% nitrogen, and since the pressure of air is 760 torr, the partial pressure of oxygen is:
0.21 * 760 torr = 160 torr
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you need to make an aqueous solution of 0.178 m silver fluoride for an experiment in lab, using a 500 ml volumetric flask. how much solid silver fluoride should you add?
You should add 0.089 mol of silver fluoride to the 500 ml volumetric flask to get the desired concentration.
To make an aqueous solution of 0.178 M silver fluoride, you need to add a certain amount of silver fluoride to a known volume of water.
Since you want to make a 500 ml solution and the desired concentration is 0.178 M, you can use the formula:
molarity = moles of solute/liters of solution
Rearranging this equation to solve for moles of solute:
moles of solute = molarity x liters of solution
Therefore, to make a 0.178 M solution, you need to add:
moles of solute = (0.178 mol/L) x (0.5 L) = 0.089 mol
So you should add 0.089 mol of silver fluoride to the 500 ml volumetric flask to get the desired concentration.
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an energy bar contains 26 g of carbohydrates and 5g of fat. how many calories will you obtain by eating the bar
The amount of calories that you will obtain by eating the energy bar is: 149 calories
What are calories?Calories are a unit of energy measurement that expresses the amount of energy that a food can provide to the body when the food is digested and absorbed.
To solve this problem we must perform the following algebraic operations with the given information
Information about the problem:
1 g of carbohydrates = 4 calories1 g of fat = 9 caloriesCalories (26 g carbohydrates)=?Calories (5 g of fat) =?Calories in the energy bar = ?Calculating how many calories are in 26 g carbohydrates we have:
Calories (26 g carbohydrates)= 26 * 4 calories
Calories (26 g carbohydrates)= 104 calories
Calculating how many calories are in 5 g fat we have:
Calories (5 g fat)= 5 * 9 calories
Calories (5 g fat)= 45 calories
Calculating how many calories are in the energy bar we have:
Calories (energy bar)= 104 calories + 45 calories
Calories (energy bar)= 149 calories
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the ch resonance at d 4.0 is listed as having a ddq pattern. what is that an abbreviation for and what accounts for that observed pattern? (explain which neighbors account for the different parts of the splitting pattern
2,3-Dichloro-5,6-Dicyanobenzoquinone is abbreviation of DDQ.
A stronger oxidant than 1,4-benzoquinone, DDQ (2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyanobenzoquinone) is employed as a reagent for oxidative couplings, cyclization processes, and the dehydrogenation of hydroaromatic compounds.
What in chemical chemistry is DDQ?
In dry conditions, the powerful oxidizing quinone DDQ is eternally stable. It is frequently used to create aromatic and,-unsaturated carbonyls from organic molecules as well as to convert activated methylene and hydroxy groups into carbonyl compounds.
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Suppose that you run a reaction in ethanol to form a very non-polar organic substance. How would you extract your product?
Select one:
a- After the reaction is complete, add water and ethanol to a separatory funnel and separate the layers.
b- After the reaction is complete, rotovap the ethanol and redissolve in suitable organic solvent and water followed by separation.
c- After the reaction is complete, add suitable organic solvent and water followed by separation.
d- There is more than one correct answer.
The correct answer for extracting a very non-polar organic substance from a reaction run in ethanol is
option b - After the reaction is complete, rotovap the ethanol and redissolve in suitable organic solvent and water followed by separation.
Here you use a rotovap to remove the ethanol and then redissolve the product in a suitable organic solvent and water, followed by separation. This method effectively removes the ethanol, which is polar and allows for the separation of the non-polar product using an appropriate organic solvent. Option a and c also may work as they both involve separating the layers using an immiscible solvent and water, but option b is the best choice for the non-polar compound.
Option d is incorrect as there is only one correct answer.
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glucose (a monosaccharide) has the molecular formula c6h12o6. how many carbon atoms are in each glucose molecule?
Glucose (a monosaccharide) has the molecular formula c6h12o6. The number of carbon atoms are in each glucose molecule is 6 carbon atoms.
Glucose is an organic compound that forms carbohydrates with monosaccharide types and is the simplest type of carbohydrate. Glucose is a form of carbohydrate metabolism which functions as the main energy source which is controlled by insulin.
The chemical formula of glucose is C6H12O6 which means that glucose is composed of 6 carbon atoms, 12 hydrogen atoms and 6 oxygen atoms. Glucose is also an aldehyde which contains -CHO groups and forms a pyranose ring which is in equilibrium with a more reactive form.
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Class _______ extinguishers are pressurized with non-flammable carbon dioxide gas, dry chemical, wet chemical, or clean agent/halogen
Class C extinguishers are pressurized with non-flammable carbon dioxide gas, dry chemical, wet chemical, or clean agent/halogen.
Pressurized fire extinguishers called Class C extinguishers are made to put out electrical fires. Carbon dioxide (CO₂), dry chemicals, wet chemicals, clean agents/halogens, or a combination of the four are the only possible fillers.
By replacing oxygen with CO₂, CO₂ extinguishers efficiently suffocate fires. Due to the fact that CO₂ is a non-conductive gas, they are most useful for Class C fires involving live electrical equipment.
Although CO₂ extinguishers can be used to put out Class B flammable liquid fires, they are not advised because they do not leave any residue.
The purpose of dry chemical extinguishers is to smother flames by preventing fuel from being released into the air, which stops a fire's chain reaction and stops it from spreading.
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Hydrogen and chlorine gases combine to form hydrogen chloride gas. Write the equation. What is the limiting reagent when 18.0 g of H2 react with 40.0 g of Cl2?
Hydrogen and chlorine gases combine to form hydrogen chloride gas. The limiting reagent when 18.0 g of H₂ react with 40.0 g of Cl₂ is 638.1g Cl₂.
What do you mean by limiting reagent ?
The term limiting reagent is defined as the reactant that is completely used up in a reaction, and thus determines when the reaction stops.
The chemical equation is as follows:
H₂ + Cl₂ → 2HCl
18.0g H₂ X 1 mol H₂ / 2.0g H₂ X 1 mol Cl₂ / 1 mol H₂ X 70.9g Cl₂ / 1 mol Cl₂ = 638.1g Cl₂
Therefore, Cl₂ is our limiting reagent.
Thus, The limiting reagent when 18.0 g of H₂ react with 40.0 g of Cl₂ is 638.1g Cl₂.
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Two identical blocks are heated to different temperatures. The blocks are placed so that they touch, and heat begins to flow between the blocks. The pair of blocks is insulated, so no energy escapes. Later, the temperature of each block is measured again. Which pair of temperatures is possible.
PLEASE HURRY.
The pair of temperatures that is possible for the two insulated identical blocks at different temperatures are placed so that they touch, and heat begins to flow between the blocks is 103 °C and 22 °C.
The correct option is D.
What is heat energy?Heat energy is the form of energy that results due to a temperature difference that exists between two objects. Heat energy is also known as thermal energy.
Heat is the energy that is transferred from a body with a high temperature to one with a lower temperature.
When two objects at different temperatures are placed in contact, heat energy will flow from the hotter to the cooler object.
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Assignment: Balancing Chemical Equations
Balance each chemical equation.
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
Na3N →
H3PO4 +
N₂ +
H₂O2 →
Zn +
C₂H6+
Na +
N₂ +
KOH →
H₂ →
O₂ +
HCI →>>
0₂ →
CuCl2 + H₂S →
O₂ →>>
N₂
K3PO4 +
NH3
H₂O
ZnCl₂ +
CO₂ +
CUS +
N₂O5
H₂
H₂O
H₂O
HCI
M
It requires writing and balancing a chemical equation to extend this symbology to indicate both the identities and the relative quantities of substances experiencing a chemical (or physical) transformation.
What is balancing a chemical equation ?By the time you've finished reading this chapter, you should be able to: • Derive chemical equations from narrative accounts of chemical reactions.Create chemical equations in molecular, total ionic, and net ionic formats, and balance them.Element symbols were first used to depict individual atoms in the chapter before that. Chemical formulas are created by modifying or combining atoms' symbols in order to produce ions or molecules when atoms get or lose electrons to produce them, or when atoms join to form molecules. It requires writing and balancing a chemical equation to extend this symbology to indicate both the identities and the relative quantities of substances experiencing a chemical (or physical) transformation.As an illustration, think about the reaction that results in the production of one carbon dioxide (CO2) molecule and two water molecules from the reaction of one methane molecule (CH4) and two diatomic oxygen molecules (O2).To Learn more About balancing a chemical equation Refer To:
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what is the mass of iron (in grams) contained in 98.34 g of an iron ore which is 80.00% hematite, fe2o3? (iron ore is a rock which contains a mixture of hematite and other minerals).
A mass of iron (in grammes) of 55.71 g can be found in an iron ore comprising 98.34 g and 80.00% hematite, also known as fe2o3. Hematite and other minerals combination in the rock known as iron ore.
Iron(III) oxide, also referred to as ferric oxide, is an inorganic compound having the chemical formula Fe2O3. The other two primary iron oxides (Fe3O4) are iron(II,III) oxide, which is rare, and iron(II,III) oxide. A body's mass is a key feature. It was widely believed to be connected to the volume of matter in a physical body before to the atom's discovery and the development of particle physics.
98.34 g of iron ore 80.00% of hematite
55.71g of iron are found in Fe2o3.
iron ore = 98.34 g
hematite = 80.00%
The mass of iron in Fe2o3 is 55.71g
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what is the symbol (including the atomic number, mass number, and element symbol) for the carbon isotope with 7 neutrons?
Carbon happens naturally in 3 isotopes: carbon 12, that has six neutrons (plus six protons for a total of twelve neutrons), carbon 13, which has seven neutrons, as well as carbon 14, which now has eight neutrons. Each element individual has a unique unique number of isotopes.
To create the symbol for just an isotope, add the atomic number as just a subscript towards the left of the atomic symbol as well as the mass amount (protons plus neutrons) as just a superscript.
Carbon (C) does have an atomic number of six, implying that almost all neutral carbon atoms possess six protons and six electrons. In a normal carbon-containing material sample, 98.89% of both the carbon atoms also have 6 neutrons, giving each one a mass number of 12.
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Use the periodic to fill in the numbers in the electron configurations shown below.
B: 1s2 2sA2pB
A =
2
B =
1
Na: 1s22sC2pD3sE
C =
D =
E =
Answer:
B: 1s²2s²2p¹
Na: 1s²2s²2p⁶3s¹
Explanation:
A = 2
B = 1
C = 2
D = 6
E = 1
Your Space Station launches a second probe into a new region of space and observes that shortly after launch the probe's direction changes. The crew assumes they've detected the Alien Death Moon. Describe why a change in the probe's direction causes the crew to suspect the Allen Death Moon is near.
The Alien Death Moon is an enigmatic and powerful cosmic entity that has the ability to alter the trajectories of objects in its vicinity.
What do you mean by trajectories?
Trajectories refer to the path that an object takes over a period of time. This can refer to the physical path of an object moving in space or the path of an object's energy, such as the path of sound through a speaker. Trajectories can also refer to the path of a person's life, such as the trajectory of their career or life decisions.
Its gravitational pull is so strong that it is able to redirect the paths of objects that come close to it, including the Space Station's probe. The sudden change in the probe's direction is an indication that it has been affected by the Alien Death Moon's gravitational pull, prompting the crew to suspect its presence.
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Metal- magnesium
Appearance of metal-?
Reactant- hot water
Observation of reaction-?
When mixed with hot water, it reacts to form hydrogen gas and magnesium hydroxide.
What is the observation when magnesium reacts with boiling water?Magnesium forms magnesium hydroxide and hydrogen gas when combined with heated water or steam.Hydrogen gas and magnesium hydroxide are also produced when magnesium combines with water vapor. Magnesium hydroxide and hydrogen are produced when magnesium combines with hot water.Magnesium reacts quickly with hot water, producing magnesium hydroxide and hydrogen gas. Magnesium hydroxide is weakly basic and insoluble in water. This allows it to react with the Universal Indicator to turn the solution blue or green, or react with phenolphthalein to turn the solution pink.Mg+2H2OMg(OH)2+H2 is the equilibrium equation for the reaction.Water begins to boil when the temperature exceeds 100°C. Even if the heat is released, the temperature does not rise and remains at 100°C where bubbles can be seen.To learn more about magnesium from the given link:
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Choose one of organic compound that we always found in our daily life. State the source of the chosen compound and give its three benefits to ourselves.
One of organic compound that we always found in our daily life is acetic acid and also known as ethanoic acid. The source of the chosen compound are fruits, vegetables, and fermented products.
Sources:
The compound Acetic acid can be found in many natural sources such as in fruits, vegetables, and fermented products. It is also produced industrially through the fermentation of carbohydrates, such as glucose, by certain strains of bacteria and by chemical synthesis.
Benefits:
1. Acetic acid is used as a food preservative, as it can inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria, helping to extend the shelf life of food products.
2. Acetic acid is a key component in the production of vinegar, which is a common ingredient in cooking and salad dressings.
3. Acetic acid has been shown to have potential medicinal benefits, such as being an antimicrobial and an anti-inflammatory agent.
It is important to note that while it may have some benefits, consuming acetic acid in large amount can be harmful, and it is always advisable to follow the guidelines and instructions on the products containing acetic acid.
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The peed of light i 3.0 x 10^8 m/. If the ditance from Earth to the Sun i 1.5 x 10^8 km, how many minute doe it take for light from the Sun to reach the Earth?
minute
The time taken for the light from the sun to reach the earth is 8.33 minutes.
Convert the distance from Earth to the Sun from kilometres to meters:
1.5 x [tex]10^{8}[/tex] km = 1.5 x [tex]10^{8}[/tex] x [tex]10^{3}[/tex] m = 1.5 x [tex]10^{11}[/tex] m
Time = Distance/ Speed = 1.5 x [tex]10^{11}[/tex] m/ (3.0 x [tex]10^{8}[/tex] m/s) = 0.5 x [tex]10^{3}[/tex] s
To convert this time to minutes, divide by 60 (the number of seconds in a minute):
Time = 0.5 x [tex]10^{3}[/tex] s / 60 s/min = 8.333 min
So, it takes about 8.333 minutes for light from the Sun to reach Earth.
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element z has half-life of 20 minutes. in an events chain concept map tracing the nuclear decay of a 200 g sample of element z, how many grams of the sample would remain after one half-life?
100 grams of the sample would remain after one half-life.
A first-order reaction is one in which the rate of reaction is linearly dependent on the concentration of only one reactant, ie. in a first-order reaction, the rate is affected by changes in the concentration of only one of the reactants. Radioactive decay is a first order reaction of chemical kinetics.
Equation of first order reaction is : kt = 2.303 log [A₀]/[A]
Given, half life = 20 minutes means that k(20) = 2.303 log [A₀]/[A₀/2]
k(20) = 2.303 x log 2
k(20) = 2.303 x 0.3010
k(20) = 0.693
k = 0.693/20
k = 0.034
Now, we know the value of k. Putting this value in the first order reaction equation:-
kt=2.303 log 200/[A]
0.693/20 x 20 = 2.303 log 200/[A]
0.693 = 2.303 log 200/[A]
0.3010 = log 200/[A]
log 2 = log 200/[A]
Hence, 2 = 200/[A]
[A] = 200/2
[A] = 100g
Other approach would be, in this first order reaction of chemical kinetics, according to question, one half life passes. After one half life, amount of radiactive substance becomes half. So, if initially we had 200g of sample, after one half life, we'd have half of this value = 100g remaining sample.
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a piece of cadmium with a mass of 25.95 g is submerged in 46.3 cm3 of water in a graduated cylinder. the water level increases to 49.3 cm3. the correct value for the density of cadmium from these data is:
The correct value for the density of cadmium from these data is 8.7 g/cm³
The correct answer is E.
Density is the mass of a material substance per unit volume. d = M/V, where d is density, M is mass, and V is volume, is the formula for density. Grams per cubic centimeter are a typical unit of measurement for density.
Mass = 25.95g
Volume of water before = 46.3 cm³
Volume of water after = 48.9 cm³
volume cadmium can be calculate as follows
Volume of Cadmium = Volume after - Volume before = 49.3 - 46.3 = 3 cm³
after we got the volume we can calculate the density as follows:
Density = Mass / Volume
Density = 25.95g / 3cm³= 8.65 g/cm³ ≈ 8.7 g/cm³
your question is incomplete but most probably your full question was attached below
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how many br- ions are present in 1.00 moles of febr3?
3 moles br- ions are present in 1.00 moles of febr3.Br- ions: 3 x 6.0223 = 1.81 x 1024
The number of representative particles in an Avogadro mole of a material is:
1 mole is equal to 6.02 x 10^23 particles.
You may determine how many of each sort of atom there are in a typical particle by looking at a compound's chemical formula. In accordance with the formula FeBr3, one mole of FeBr3 is made up of three moles of bromide (Br-) ions in addition to one mole of iron(III) ions. Consequently, the quantity of Br- ions is
Br- ions: 3 x 6.0223 = 1.81 x 1024
A handy unit of measurement when thinking about atoms and molecules is the mole. Compounds are created when atoms join in modest whole-number ratios. For the purpose of applying mathematical relationships in computations, amounts are represented in moles since atoms of various elements have varying masses.For instance, the ratio of iron(III) ions to bromide ions in FeBr3 is the same as the ratio of iron(III) ions to bromide ions in terms of moles, but it is not the same as the ratio of the masses of the two types of ions.
complete question:How many Br- ions are present in 1.00 moles of FeBr3?a. 1.81E24b. 6.02E23c. 6.02E25d. 12.04E23
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Jim is studying growth of underwater plants in an aquarium. He notices the limiting factor on the plants is availability of light. Jim places the aquarium in a place where it will get more sunlight.
What will happen to the underwater plants?
Existing plants will become smaller, but new plants will grow.
Existing plants will grow larger, but no new plants will grow.
Existing plants will grow larger, but no new plants will grow.
Existing plants will grow larger and new plants will grow.
Existing plants will become smaller and no new plants will grow.
The thing that will happen to the underwater plants is option D: Existing plants will grow larger and new plants will grow.
What is the plant about?The existing plants in the aquarium were limited in their growth by the availability of light. By increasing the amount of sunlight the aquarium receives, the plants will now have access to more light energy, which is necessary for photosynthesis.
Therefore, This increased light energy will allow the existing plants to grow larger. Additionally, the increased light will also provide the necessary energy for new plants to grow, resulting in an increase in the overall number of plants in the aquarium.
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Convert each given mass to number of representative particles. Identify the type of
representative particle, and express the number in scientific notation
A. 4.56*10^3 g Si
Number of particles in 4.56*10^3 g Si equals 9.78 × 10²⁵ Si atoms.
The smallest unit in which a substance naturally exists is called a representative particle. The atom is the representative particle for most elements. Iron, carbon, and helium are made up of individual iron, carbon, and helium atoms.
Given,
Mass of Si = 4.56 × 10³ g
Molar mass of Si = 28.085 g/mol
number of moles = mass × 1 mol / grams
⇒ 4.56 × 10³g Si × 1 moles / 28.085 g Si
⇒ 162.4 mol Si
Moles of Si = 162.4 mol
Number of representative particles = number of moles x [6.02 × 10²³] / 1 mol
⇒[ 162.4 mol Si x 6.02 × 10²³ Si] / 1 mol Si
= 9.78 × 10²⁵ Si atoms
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exercise 3.8: the right mineral for the right job in this exercise, you will indicate what physical property you think would make a mineral appropriate for the use indicated, and in some cases name a mineral that could be used for this purpose. in some instances, more than one mineral will meet the requirements and more than one property is required. part 2.a. what mineral would be a good abrasive?
A mineral that would be a good abrasive would have a high hardness and a rough or jagged surface. Examples of minerals that can be used as abrasives include diamond, corundum (which includes ruby and sapphire).
Abrasives are materials that are used to wear down or remove material from a surface by means of friction. They are commonly used in industrial applications such as sanding, grinding, and polishing. To be a good abrasive, a mineral needs to be hard and have a high Mohs hardness scale rating. Some examples of minerals that are commonly used as abrasives include diamond, corundum (aluminum oxide), and silicon carbide. Additionally, some minerals that have a distinct crystal structure, such as flint or garnet, can also be used for abrasive applications due to their sharp edges.
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Assuming that the ion formed has a noble gas configuration, write a chemical equation that shows the formation of a oxide ion from a
neutral oxygen atom
The chemical equation that shows the formation of a oxide ion from a neutral oxygen atom :
O + e⁻ ---> O⁻
O⁻ + e⁻ ---> O²⁻
The electronic configuration of oxygen is given as :
oxygen electronic configuration = 1s² 2s² 2p⁴
An oxygen atom when gains the two electrons in order to obtain the noble gas configuration . the noble gas is neon, with an octet of valence electrons.
The equations is given as :
O + e⁻ ---> O⁻
O⁻ + e⁻ ---> O²⁻
The Neon electronic configuration = 1s² 2s² 2p⁶
The O²⁻ electronic configuration = 1s² 2s² 2p⁶
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The valence electrons are found...
A. in the innermost electron shell.
B. in the outermost proton shell.
C. in the outermost electron shell.
C. in the outermost electron shell.
Explanation:Electrons are the smallest part of an atom.
Part of the Atom
There are 3 subatomic particles that make up the atom. These 3 particles are protons, neutrons, and electrons. Each particle has its own charge. Protons are positively charged. Neutrons have no charge (neutral). Electrons have a negative charge. Additionally, the proton and neutron are located within the nucleus. The electrons are in electron shells that orbit the nucleus.
Since the proton shell doesn't exist, we know B is incorrect.
Valence Electrons
Most elements have multiple electron shells, also known as energy levels. The electrons on the outermost shell are the valence electrons. These are the electrons that are involved in bonding and the creation of ions. Remember that ions are atoms that have had electrons added or removed.
If 7.12 mol of ethane (C2H6) undergoes combustion according to the unbalanced equation
C2H6 + O2 −→ CO2 + H2O,
how many moles of O2 are required?
Taking into account the reaction stoichiometry, 2.03 moles of C₂H₆ are required if 7.12 mol of ethane (C2H6) undergoes combustion.
Reaction stoichiometryThe balanced reaction is:
2 C₂H₆ + 7 O₂ → 4 CO₂ + 6 H₂O
By reaction stoichiometry (that is, the relationship between the amount of reagents and products in a chemical reaction), the following amounts of moles of each compound participate in the reaction:
C₂H₆: 2 molesO₂: 7 molesCO₂: 4 molesH₂O: 6 molesMoles of O₂ requiredIt is possible to use a simple rule of three as follows: If by reaction stoichiometry 7 moles of O₂ react with 2 moles of C₂H₆, 7.12 moles of O₂ react with how many moles of C₂H₆?
moles of C₂H₆= (7.12 moles of O₂× 2 moles of C₂H₆)÷7 moles of O₂
moles of C₂H₆= 2.03 moles
Finally, 2.03 moles of C₂H₆ are required.
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in the reaction between 1-butanol and potassium dichromate, some products are butanoic acid and the chromium(iii) cation. write and balance this redox reaction (hint, it is in acidic solution).
The balanced redox reaction for the reaction between 1-butanol and potassium dichromate in acidic solution is:
C4H9OH + K2Cr2O7 + 6H+ → C4H7O2 + 2Cr3+ + K+ + 7H2O
In this reaction, 1-butanol (C4H9OH) is oxidized to butanoic acid (C4H7O2) by potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) which acts as an oxidizing agent. The hydrogen ions (H+) are added to balance the acidity of the solution. Potassium ions (K+) and water molecules (H2O) are produced as byproducts. The oxidation of 1-butanol to butanoic acid is a result of the loss of electrons from the alcohol molecule, specifically from the carbon atom bearing the hydroxyl group, which leads to the formation of a carbonyl group. This process is called oxidation as it increases the oxidation state of the carbon atom from -1 to +3, and it is accompanied by a decrease in the oxidation state of the chromium ion, from +6 to +3.
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