What is a similarity between genes and chromosomes?
Responses

both come in pairs

both are fragments of genetic information

both contain information needed to synthesize proteins,

both are tightly wound up into condensed structures

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4. Identify possible solutions (for hurricanes).

I don't know if you meant that and if not here is another way :v

I hope those of the 2 have served you.

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The amount of ATP generated during all cellular respiration is 38 ATP molecules per glucose molecule (2  ATP glycolysis, 2 ATP Krebs cycle, and 34 ATP oxidative phosphorylation). During this process, NADH and FADH₂ are combined with oxygen to generate ATP.

The cellular respiration process refers to a series of metabolic pathways which include Glycolysis, Krebb’s Cycle and oxidative phosphorylation (it in turn includes the electron transport chain or ETC) in order to generate ATP, the energy coin of the cell.

In regard to the production, 2  ATP molecules derive from glycolysis, 2 ATP molecules derive from the Krebs cycle, and 34 ATP molecules derive from oxidative phosphorylation.

Therefore, with this data, we can see that cellular respiration is able to produce 38 molecules of ATP per each glucose that enters into the process.

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MacConkey agar (MAC) is selective and differential bacterial culture media.

was, developed by Alfred Theodore MacConkey in 20th century.

It contains the essential nutrients required for microorganism growth.

MacConkey agar contains 4 components-

1. lactose,

2. bile salts

3. crystal violet

4. neutral red

Bile salts and crystal violet act as selective agents and they make the  agar selective

Selective because it is selective to gram negative bacteria.

example, staphylococcus gives pale pink color in M.A because it is able to grow in this medium.

Differential because as it contains lactose it differentiates between gram negative lactose fermenter and gram-negative non-fermenters.

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In cells the lipid bilayer's core is non polar, ions that are drawn to polar surroundings would be repelled by it.

For cells to continue functioning as they go throughout their life cycle, there must be a tremendous amount of exchange. The integration of living ions and the release of waste materials required for regular operation are both possible during transportation. Simple diffusion in cells and electron transport are the ways by which ions are transported across membranes. Solutes diffuse more easily via channels made of proteins. In order to push ions against the gradient of concentration, active transport needs energy in the forms of ATP conversion, channel proteins, or pumps. These charged (polar) ions do not flow across the membrane because of their charge. They instead travel through ions.

(Why is it important that ions being transported across a cell membrane be shielded from the interior of the lipid bilayer? )

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For hfr conjugation, of the rolling cycle replication takes one gene per second to transfer, what is the result of the recipient after a 3 second conjugation then There is a copy of that in the recipient cell.

Bacterial conjugation, often known as bacterial sex, is a key method of horizontal gene transfer in which DNA is directly transferred from a donor bacterium to a receiver bacterium. The typical form of a recipient cell is aplasma or some chromosomal D. N. A. One of the components of donor cells is the H. F. R. F. DNA from chromosomes and plasmids will be transferred to a recipient cell.

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The evolutionary benefit of meiosis in reproduction is meiosis produces gametes with new combinations of alleles in the chromosomes. Therefore, the correct answer is the third option.

Meiosis is the process of chromosomal reduction that leads to the production of gametes (sex cells) needed for sexual reproduction. It only appears in eukaryotic cells that only plants, animals, and fungis have.

In this process, the double set of chromosomes is reduced into a single set. The single sets combine in sexual reproduction, resulting in double-set offspring. That allows a new combination of alleles in the new gametes while conserving the chromosomal number of the species.

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The annual changes in carbon dioxide are caused by seasonal plant growth, whereas the cumulative rise over many years is due to a combination of fossil fuel consumption, deforestation, and cement production.

Although photosynthesis also takes place in the oceans, only land-based photosynthesis drives the seasonal cycles, since very little of the CO2 produced there actually enters the atmosphere.

Therefore, Since seasonal CO2 swings are a result of photosynthesis, areas with more vegetation will see more variations.

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Based on the data shown, the best conclusion would be that fat molecules contain more energy-containing bonds than simple sugars. Option 2.

From the available data shown in the illustration, the following can be deduced:

Based on the information extracted, one can see that glucose offers the lowest amount of energy, storage energy, and life support time per gram.

On the other hand, lipid appears to offer the highest energy, storage energy, as well as life support time. Glucogen has values that lie in-between glucose and lipid.

In other words, fats being a type of lipid appears to contain more energy-containing bonds than simple sugar, glucose.

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Answer:B

Explanation: took the test

Base Substitutions, Deletions, and Insertions cause changes in DNA and possibly lead to new traits through mutation process

DNA is a dynamic and adaptable molecule and as such the nucleotide sequence found within it are subject to change as the result of a phenomenon called mutation and depending on how a particular mutation modifies an organism genetic makeup and it  can prove harmless and helpful and sometime a mutation may even cause dramatic changes in the  physiology of an affected organism and mutation can be grouped into two main categories based on where they occur and that are somatic mutation and germ line mutation

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60 mammals population would exhibit the most loss of genetic diversity in its future generations.

The correct option is B.

The ability of communities to adapt to changing situations is facilitated by genetic variety. More diversity increases the likelihood that certain members of a group will have allele variations that are appropriate for the environment. Those people have a higher chance of living long enough to have children who carry that allele.

Genetic variety is alluded to as this. It improves a species' and population's resistance to diseases, pests, climatic changes, and other pressures. Their ability to adapt and evolve is supported by gene variants.

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The only protease zymogen that could be converted to its active form in the absence of enteropeptidase is chymotripsinogen.

Trypsinogen is transformed into active trypsin by enteropeptidase, which also activates several pancreatic zymogens in addition to hydrolyzing a few peptide links in specific dietary proteins. Enteropeptidase is a crucial enzyme in the digestion of dietary proteins because of this, and its lack may cause severe protein malabsorption.

Trypsinogen, which is enteropeptidase's main substrate, undergoes a limited amount of proteolysis to release trypsin with catalytic activity. By limited proteolysis, trypsin then acts on the 4 other zymogens to release chymotrypsin, elastase, and carboxypeptidases A and B that are catalytically active.

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Removal of voice box or sound box is called laryngectomy.

The larynx can be removed in whole or in part through a laryngectomy (voice box). It entails making an incision (cut) over the Adam's apple region on the outside of the neck. Partial laryngectomy: In order to treat some laryngeal malignancies, only a portion of the voice box needs to be removed.

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Because the left lung needs to be smaller to make room for the heart, there are differing numbers of lobes on the right and left lungs of fetal pigs.

Each side of the pig lung is divided into a number of lobes. In contrast to humans, who have three lobes on one side and two on the other, pigs have four lobes on their right lung and three on their left.

Compared to humans, who have three right and two left lobes, swine lungs have two left and four right lobes.

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Answer:

1. release large amounts of carbon dioxide

2. releases green house gas which traps heat into the atmosphere

3. air pollution/ global warming

4. can cause acid rain  

Explanation:

Bacterial colonies can be transferred from a master plate to secondary plates in the same configuration using a transferring agent such as a sterile velvet cloth this technique is known as replica plating .

Replica plating is the technique by which each colony is inoculated onto another plate according to a numbered pattern. replica plating allows   each clone to be tested different variety of methods, while a master plate is always reserved to pick the clones .

Replica plating saves time and labor of lab technician and helps them to work of larger population of bacterial colonies by using isolation method .

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The correct statement is option A: enzymes in the human body usually work best at normal body temperature.

The body's normal temperature, which is around 98.6° F (Fahrenheit) or 37°C, is where most enzymes in the human body function optimally. They might still function at lower temperatures, but considerably more slowly. Therefore, option A is the right choice.

Enzymes function as biological catalysts that quicken biochemical reactions. The most popular explanation proposes that enzymes bind to the substrate molecule and create a transition state. As the reaction proceeds, an energy barrier that the substrates must cross separates the products from the substrates.

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The chollera photosynthesis system's water-filled translucent plastic tank. A water tank is placed in the path of the light to dissipate heat.

Through the polymerization and polycondensation process, mineral wealth like cellulose, coal, nat gas, salt, and petroleum products are used to create polymers. Plastics are created using natural, organic materials including cotton, coal, nat gas, salt, or, of course, crude oil.

A group of materials known as plastics can be moulded when they're soft and afterwards hardened to keep the intended shape. These materials may be created artificially or organically. Plastics are made of polymers. A polymer is a substance made up of several repeating units.

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Answer:

The best method of checking the temperature of a fresh fish, from a delivery is, to "Insert a thermometer probe in the thickest part of the fish".

Explanation:

Hope this helps!!!

When observing onion roots cell division may be defined as the time for division being the independent variable, the number of cells being the dependent variable and the controlled variable being the room temperature.

The independent variable is the variable that doesn't change along the experimental procedure while the dependent variable is modified by the conditions. The controlled variable is the same for all treatments.

Therefore, with this data, we can see that the independent variable is not modified while the dependent variable change in function of the independent variable.

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Explanation:

to get people to ask their doctor about drugs that might treat a condition

Conazoles is the class of drugs that acts by inhibiting biosynthesis of essential components of the fungal cell wall, which interferes with growth and reproduction.

Drugs are the chemical components that are used to cause some physiological or psychological changes in the body of an organism. If used in required amounts, the drugs act as medications. However, the excessive use of drugs can cause addiction that causes severe after-effects later or even death.

Fungal cell wall is composed of chitin, glucans and glycoproteins. It is present outside the cell membrane and has a hard outer appearance. Since it is not present in humans, it acts as the best target for anti-fungal products.

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TRUE-pachycephalosaurs have a frill, or margin of bone that protrudes off the back of the skull.

Pachycephalosaurs, which means "thickheaded lizard" in Greek, was a small family of dinosaurs with an astonishingly high entertainment value. The skulls of these two-legged herbivores ranged from faintly thick to truly dense (in later genera like Stegoceras). It is popular for having a bigger, bone dome a top its skull which was up to 25 cm (10 in) thick and sheltered its tiny brain. The skull was short and had large, rounded eye sockets that faced forward, indicating that the animal had good eyesight and could see in both directions. Pachycephalosaurus had a short muzzle and a pointed beak. The teeth were tiny, with crowns shaped like leaves.

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It is true that "Primary metabolism is common to all plants but secondary metabolism may be different in different plants."

The immediate outcomes of metabolic activities are referred to as metabolites. Enzymes in our bodies act as catalysts for these to carry out particular tasks. These metabolites are divided into two broad categories, primary and secondary, due to the body's numerous processes.

Primary Metabolites: Primary metabolites are produced as a result of the fundamental metabolic functions induced by body enzymes. Your body's functions, like cell growth, are aided by these in turn. Additionally, these metabolites aid in cellular activity maintenance.

Secondary Metabolites: Primary metabolites produce byproducts known as secondary metabolites. Naturally, these are not directly involved in bodily functions like cell growth and maintenance. Consequently, they also do not constitute central metabolites.

Basic life processes involve primary plant metabolites; Consequently, they are roughly comparable in all living cells. Secondary plant metabolites, on the other hand, are products of subsidiary pathways like the shikimic acid pathway.

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protozoal (parasitic) infection associated with aids that may cause pneumonitis, hepatitis, and encephalitis: b.toxoplasmosis

One of the most frequent and potentially fatal causes of pneumonia in patients with HIV is an infection with the bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae, often known as Pneumococcus. For protection against Streptococcus pneumoniae infection, people with HIV should receive a vaccination.

Immune system dysfunction is the primary cause of fungus infection (either local immunity over the skin or mucous membranes or systemic immunity as seen in the case of certain conditions such as diabetes ).

The most frequent cause of encephalitis is the herpes simplex virus, which also causes cold sores, varicella zoster virus, which causes chickenpox and shingles, measles, mumps, and rubella viruses, and encephalitis.

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Neurons of the putamen are fired in the anticipation of the reach of the object.

Neurons of the putamen would fire in anticipation of the reach .Instead of the arm's location, the doughnut's position would be matched by this firing. This suggests that the putamen is more crucial for encoding the decision to move in the direction of a goal than the actual movement.

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The mutant so one can be taken into consideration as a constitutive mutant is a mutation withinside the gene for the repressor.

In the sphere of biology, a constitutive mutant may be defined as a mutation that outcomes withinside the overproduction of a gene. This situation takes place due to the fact the gene expression for that unique gene turns into uncontrollable.

A constitutive mutant might also additionally motive a mutation to arise withinside the repression of a gene. Repressors are proteins that prevent gene expression for a selected gene.

If, because of a mutation, a repressor is not capable of prevent the gene expression, then this may be a constitutive mutation.

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The dark energy does not have any local gravitational effects this energy generate a repulsive force, which tends to accelerate the expansion of the universe.

Dark matter played an important role in the formation of galaxies. Many studies have shown how location of dark matter in the universe depends on the light from distant galaxies bends as it reaches toward us.

Gravity and dark energy have involved in a cosmic pull and push. Gravity pulls galaxies closer together while dark energy pushes them apart. As a result universe is expansion or contraction depends on what force dominating, gravity or dark energy.

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