What is rust say a scientific answer

Based on the graph, the temperature at which the solubility of potassium nitrate would be 95 g/100 ml H₂O is 55°C.

A solubility curve is a graph that shows the relationship between the solubility of a substance and temperature.

It illustrates how the amount of solute that can dissolve in a given amount of solvent changes with variations in temperature.

Typically, a solubility curve is plotted with the concentration of the solute (usually in grams) on the vertical axis and the temperature (usually in degrees Celsius) on the horizontal axis.

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The  AIR MASSES that would affect the climates of Florida : are maritime tropical air mass and the maritime polar air mass,

Maine : maritime polar air mass and maritime tropical air mass,

Montana :  continental polar and maritime polar air masses.

Texas :  maritime tropical air masses  and continental tropical air masses

An air mass is  described as a large body of air with generally uniform temperature and humidity.

An air mass's properties are determined by the region from which it originates. The likelihood that the air mass will take on characteristics of the surface below increases with the amount of time it spends over its source region.

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Both Ca(OH)₂ (calcium hydroxide) and NaOH (sodium hydroxide) are examples of strong bases.

A base is a substance that can accept protons (H) or donate hydroxide ions (OH) in a chemical reaction. strong bases completely dissociate in water, releasing hydroxide ions.

In the case of Ca(OH)₂, when it is dissolved in water, it dissociates into calcium ions and hydroxide ions  The hydroxide ions make it a strong base.

Similarly, NaOH, when dissolved in water, completely dissociates into sodium ions (Na+) and hydroxide ions (OH-), making it a strong base as well.

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The balanced chemical equation for the combustion of [tex]CH_{3}[/tex] (methane) is:

[tex]CH_{4} + 2O_{2} = > CO_{2} + 2H_{2} O[/tex]

From the balanced equation, we can see that for every mole of [tex]CH_{4}[/tex] combusted, one mole of [tex]CO_{2}[/tex] is formed.

Given that 25 moles of [tex]CH_{3}[/tex] (methane) combust, we can assume that it refers to 25 moles of [tex]CH_{4}[/tex] since they have the same chemical formula.

Therefore, the number of moles of [tex]CO_{2}[/tex] formed will also be 25 moles, as the reaction produces an equal number of moles of [tex]CO_{2}[/tex].

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The balance equations would be;

1) 2H₂ + O₂ → 2H₂O      2) H₃PO₄ + 3KOH → K₃PO₄ + 3H₂O

3) 6K + B₂O₃ = 3K₂O + 2B    4) HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H₂O

5) 2Na + 2NaNO₃ → 2Na₃O + N₂    6) 4C + 2S₈ → 4CS₂

7) 2Na + O₂ → Na₂O₂     8)   N₂ + 3O₂ → 2N₂O₃

9) H₃PO₄ + 2Mg(OH)₂ → Mg₃(PO₄)₂ + 6H₂O

10)  NaOH + H₂CO₃ → Na₂CO₃ + H₂O   11) KOH + HBr → KBr + H₂O

12) 2H₂ + 2O₂ = 2H₂O₂   13) 4Na + O₂ → 2Na₂O  

14) 2Al(OH)₃ + 3H₂CO₃ → Al₂(CO₃)₃ + 6H₂O   15) 4Al + 3S₈ → 2Al₂S₃

16) 6Cs + N₂ → 2Cs₃N    17) Mg + Cl₂ → MgCl₂  

18) 8Rb + 2RbNO₃ → 5Rb₂O + N₂  19) C₄H₄ + 5O₂ → 4CO₂ + 2H₂O

20) N₂ + 3H₂ → 2NH₃

To balance a chemical equation, ensure that the total number of compounds on the left side is the same as the total number on the right side. Let balance equation 11

11. ......KOH + ..... HBr → .....KBr + ....H₂O

There are 2 H on the left which reflects on the right side. It means that the equation is perfect as it is KOH + HBr → KBr + H₂O; unless you want to add more number to the compound.

if we add 2KOH + 2HBr ⇒ 2KBr + 2H₂O

there are 2K, 2O, 4H , 2Br  on the right we have 2k 2Br 4H and 2O

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A chemist determines that a substance is composed of 30.4% nitrogen by mass and 69.6% oxygen by mass. The molar mass of the compound is 230.5 g/mol, the molecular formula is NO₂.

We must compute the empirical formula in order to ascertain the compound's chemical composition.

If we have 100 grams of the compound.

This suggests we have:

30.4 g of nitrogen

69.6 g of oxygen

Now, we have to convert the mass of each element to moles.

The molar mass of nitrogen (N) = 14.01 g/mol

the molar mass of oxygen (O)  =  16.00 g/mol.

Number of moles of nitrogen (N):

2.17 mol

Number of moles of oxygen (O):

4.35 mol

The simplest whole-number ratio between the moles of nitrogen and oxygen must now be determined. To calculate the ratio, we divide both numbers by the smaller value.

Moles N / moles O = 2.17 mol / 2.17 mol = 1.00

Moles O / moles O = 4.35 mol / 2.17 mol = 2.00

The ratio is approximately N₁O₂.

We divide the subscripts by their greatest common divisor to obtain the simplest ratio, since we are looking for the empirical formula. The empirical formula is NO₂ since the greatest common divisor in this situation is 1.

The molecular formula of the compound is NO₂.

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The property of water that prevents millions of organisms living in water from perishing in winter is option B. Water's volume increases as it freezes, allowing ice to float on liquid water.

This phenomenon, known as the expansion of water upon freezing, creates an insulating layer of ice on the surface of lakes, ponds, and other bodies of water.

The layer of ice acts as a barrier, insulating the water below from the extreme cold temperatures, providing a more stable and suitable environment for aquatic organisms to survive during winter.

If water did not exhibit this expansion upon freezing, ice would sink, leading to the freezing of the entire water body from the bottom up. This scenario would be highly detrimental to the survival of aquatic life, as it would result in the loss of habitats, disruption of ecosystems, and potential extinction of species.

In summary, the expansion of water upon freezing, causing ice to float on liquid water, is a critical property that prevents organisms living in water from perishing in winter. It creates an insulating layer of ice that maintains a stable environment beneath, enabling the survival of countless aquatic species.The correct answer is option b.

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Answer:

C:.375

Explanation:

The molecular formula for a molecular compound's molecular formula lists the variety of atoms that make up the molecule. The name of the compound (Co(ClO₃)₄(NO₂))Cl is tetrachloridobis(nitrito-O)cobalt(III) chloride.

The name or the formula of the following compounds are:

The name of the compound (Co(ClO₃)₄(NO₂))Cl is tetrachloridobis(nitrito-O)cobalt(III) chloride.

The name of the compound K(Co(SO₄)(NH₂CH₂CH₂NH₂)₂(CN)) is potassium bis(ethylenediamine)dihydroxidocyanidocobaltate(III) sulfate.

The formula of the compound sodium carbonyldiisothriocyanatotrinitritochromate(III) is Na[Cr(NCS)₂(NO₂)₃(CO)].

The formula of the compound amminediaquatrihydroxidochromium(VI) nitrate is [Cr(OH)₄(NH₃)₂(H₂O)₂]NO₃.

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Answer:

please Mark me Brainliest

Explanation:

No, ants do not inject formic acid into their own bodies. Instead, ants produce formic acid in a specialized gland, called the acidopore, which is located in their abdomen. When threatened or attacked, some species of ants will spray or release formic acid from their acidopore as a defense mechanism. The formic acid can irritate or deter predators, and can also be used to communicate with other ants by leaving a trail of pheromones. However, ants do not inject formic acid into their own bodies, as this would be harmful to their own health.

To calculate the root-squared error for ΔH, we need to consider the uncertainties associated with both the heat capacity (c) and the temperature change (T) in the equation.

Temperature change (T) = 3.30 ± 0.60 °C

Heat capacity (c) = 0.862 ± 0.012 kJ °C^(-1)

To calculate the root-squared error, we need to propagate the uncertainties using the formula:

(root-squared error)^2 = (partial derivative of ΔH with respect to c * error in c)^2 + (partial derivative of ΔH with respect to T * error in T)^2

The partial derivative of ΔH with respect to c = T

Error in c = 0.012 kJ °C^(-1)

The partial derivative of ΔH with respect to T = c

Error in T = 0.60 °C

Substituting the values into the formula:

(root-squared error)^2 = (T * error in c)^2 + (c * error in T)^2

= (3.30 °C * 0.012 kJ °C^(-1))^2 + (0.862 kJ °C^(-1) * 0.60 °C)^2

Calculating this expression:

(root-squared error)^2 ≈ (0.0396 kJ)^2 + (0.5172 kJ)^2

≈ 0.00157 kJ^2 + 0.2672 kJ^2

≈ 0.2688 kJ^2

Finally, taking the square root of the result:

root-squared error ≈ √(0.2688 kJ^2)

≈ 0.518 kJ

Therefore, the root-squared error for ΔH is approximately 0.518 kJ.

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To obtain the precise solubility values at 51 °C and 75 °C, it would be necessary to refer to a solubility table or experimental data specific to KNO3 at those temperatures. These values can be obtained from reliable sources such as scientific literature or databases for solubility data.

The solubility of KNO3 generally increases with an increase in temperature. At 51 °C, the solubility of KNO3 would likely be higher compared to lower temperatures.The exact value of solubility in grams per 100 milliliters of water (g/100ml H2O) would depend on the specific temperature-solubility relationship of KNO3, which can vary based on experimental data and conditions.

At 75 °C, the solubility of KNO3 would be even higher than at 51 °C, assuming the general trend of increasing solubility with temperature holds true. Again, the exact value would depend on experimental data.

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In 1.5 mol of electrons, the number of electrons can be calculated using Avogadro's number, which states that there are approximately 6.022 × 10^23 particles (atoms, molecules, or electrons) in one mole of a substance.

So, in 1 mole of electrons, there are 6.022 × 10^23 electrons.

To find the number of electrons in 1.5 mol of electrons, we can multiply the number of electrons in 1 mole by 1.5:

Number of electrons = 1.5 mol × (6.022 × 10^23 electrons/mol)

Calculating this expression gives:

Number of electrons = 9.033 × 10^23 electrons

Therefore, there are approximately 9.033 × 10^23 electrons in 1.5 mol of electrons.

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When evaluating a college or university, one important factor to which the cost should be directly compared is the average starting salary of graduates.

Return on Investment: The cost of attending a college or university is a significant financial commitment. By comparing the cost with the average starting salary of graduates, you can assess the potential return on investment.

Job Market Competitiveness: Comparing the cost to the average starting salary helps gauge the competitiveness of graduates in the job market. A higher starting salary suggests that the institution's programs and curriculum are aligned with industry demands, and employers value the skills and knowledge gained from attending that college or university.

Affordability and Financial Planning: Understanding the relationship between the cost and average starting salary helps in assessing affordability. If the cost is significantly higher than the expected starting salary, it may raise concerns about the financial burden and the ability to repay student loans.

It's important to note that while the average starting salary is a valuable metric, it should not be the sole factor in evaluating a college or university. Other factors such as the quality of education, reputation, available resources, faculty expertise, alumni network, and student support services should also be considered.

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The most typical solution is a 0.25 molar (M) HCl solution, which has exactly 0.25 moles of HCl in it. Per litre of this solution, 0.25 moles of HCl are present. Calculating the mass of HCl required to produce one litre of 0.25 M HCl solution is the first step in making this solution.

The molar mass of HCl (36.46 g/mol) must be multiplied by 0.25 moles to get this. As a result, we get 9.115 grammes of HCl in total mass. This quantity of HCl needs to be dissolved in one litre of water in order to make the solution.

This will result in a solution of 0.25 M HCl, or exactly 0.25 moles of HCl. It's critical to understand that a solution's concentration It's crucial to understand that a solution's concentration and its solute content are two different things.

For instance, an HCl solution at 0.5 M does not contain twice as much HCl as one at 0.25 M. It has twice as much solute in the same amount of solution, though. As a result, 0.5 moles rather than 0.25 moles of HCl are present in a 0.5 M solution.

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The missing value for ΔHrxn is -2226 kJ/mol as the enthalpy change that is missing is equal to -498 kJ/mol - 1728 kJ/mol.

Thus, two moles of hydrogen join with one mole of oxygen in the first reaction to create two moles of water. H-H has a 432 kJ/mol bond energy. The energy needed to break these bonds is 4 432 kJ/mol, or 1728 kJ/mol, because there are four moles of H-H bonds broken and two moles of hydrogen.

However, one mole of O=O bonds and four moles of O-H bonds are created, and their combined bond energies are unknown, determined by using the formula ΔHrxn = (energy released in bond creation) - (energy needed in bond breaking). ΔHrxn = -498 kJ/mol, hence the enthalpy change that is missing is equal to -498 kJ/mol - 1728 kJ/mol = -2226 kJ/mol.

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In an acetic acid solution:

1. To make a buffer with pH = 5.00, have a ratio of

[tex]\frac{[A-]}{[HA]} = 10^{-5.50}[/tex] = 0.316.

The volume of sodium hydroxide needed:

V(NaOH) = (0.316 M - 0.200 M) / 4.50 M = 0.0316 L = 31.6 mL

Therefore, 31.6 mL of 4.50 M sodium hydroxide must be added to 250.0 mL of 0.200 M acetic acid solution to make a buffer with pH = 5.00.

2. The pH of the buffer is calculated as follows:

pH = pKa + log([tex]\frac{[A-]}{[HA]}[/tex])

= 4.76 + log(0.2/0.1)

= 4.86

Therefore, the pH of the buffer is 4.86.

3. The mass of salt that must be dissolved in 0.25 dm³ of 1 mol dm³ propanoic acid to give a buffer of pH 4.87:

[tex]\frac{[A-]}{[HA]} = 10^{-4.87}[/tex] = 0.0114

Therefore, the mass of acetate that must be dissolved:

Mass of acetate = (0.0114 mol dm³)(0.25 dm³) = 0.00285 g

Therefore, 0.00285 g of sodium propanoate must be dissolved in 0.25 dm³ of 1 mol dm³ propanoic acid to give a buffer of pH 4.87.

4. The pH of the buffer is calculated as follows:

pH = pKa + log([tex]\frac{[A-]}{[HA]}[/tex])

= 4.74 + log(0.1/0.1)

= 4.74

Therefore, the pH of the buffer is 4.74.

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The layers that make up the Earth's atmosphere has unique properties that influence the kinds of wavelengths that are reflected, absorbed, or permitted to pass through to the planet's surface. Three layers are troposphere, stratosphere, and mesosphere.

The troposphere, the first layer closest to the surface of the planet, is where the majority of the planet's weather is found. The temperature in this layer drops with altitude, and it is made up of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and water vapor.

The stratosphere, which contains the ozone layer, is the next layer. The sun's dangerous UV light is absorbed by ozone, keeping it from reaching the surface of the Earth.

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The approximate pH of the solution represent in the particle diagram, given that the volume of the solution is 2 L is 0.3 (option B)

First, we shall determine the concentration of the hydrogen ion, H⁺ in the solution. This is shown below:

Concentration = mole / volume

Concentration of H⁺ = 1 / 2

Concentration of H⁺ = 0.5 M

Finally, we shall determine the pH of the solution. Details below:

pH = -Log [H⁺]

pH = -Log 0.5

pH = 0.3

Thus, the pH of the solution is 0.3 (option B)

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The percent yield of the reaction is approximately 90.80%. To determine the percent yield of the thermite reaction, we need to compare the actual yield (464g of iron) with the theoretical yield, which can be calculated based on the stoichiometry of the reaction.

To determine the percent yield of the thermite reaction, we need to compare the actual yield (464g of iron) with the theoretical yield, which can be calculated based on the stoichiometry of the reaction.

First, let's calculate the molar masses of the substances involved:

Aluminum (Al): 26.98 g/mol

Rust (Fe2O3): 2*(55.85 g/mol) + 3*(16.00 g/mol) = 159.69 g/mol

Iron (Fe): 55.85 g/mol

Next, we'll determine the moles of aluminum used in the reaction:

Moles of aluminum = mass of aluminum / molar mass of aluminum

Moles of aluminum = 248g / 26.98 g/mol = 9.19 mol

Since there is excess rust, the moles of iron produced will be equal to the moles of aluminum used.

Therefore, the theoretical yield of iron is:

Theoretical yield = moles of iron * molar mass of iron

Theoretical yield = 9.19 mol * 55.85 g/mol = 511.15 g

Now we can calculate the percent yield:

Percent yield = (actual yield / theoretical yield) * 100

Percent yield = (464g / 511.15g) * 100 = 90.80%

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Answer: 3.4008

Explanation:

Answer: 3.4008

To determine the freezing point of the solution, we need to use the freezing point depression equation:

ΔT = Kf * m

Given:

Kf (benzene) = 5.12 °C/m

m = 0.41 m

Substituting the values into the equation:

ΔT = 5.12 °C/m * 0.41 m

ΔT = 2.0992 °C

To find the freezing point, we subtract the freezing point depression from the freezing point of the pure solvent (benzene). The freezing point of benzene is 5.5 °C.

Freezing point = FP (benzene) - ΔT

Freezing point = 5.5 °C - 2.0992 °C

Freezing point = 3.4008 °C

Therefore, the freezing point of the 0.41 m solution of C5H4 in benzene is approximately 3.4008 °C.

If the molar mass for the compound is 197.31 g/mol the molecular formula of the compound will be BaCO₃. Molar mass of empirical formula (BaCO₃).

Molar mass = (1 × molar mass Ba) + (1 × molar mass of C) + (3 × molar mass of O)

Molar mass = (1 × 137.33 g/mol) + (1 × 12.01 g/mol) + (3 × 16.00 g/mol)

Molar mass = 137.33 g/mol + 12.01 g/mol + 48.00 g/mol

Molar mass = 197.34 g/mol

The molar mass of the empirical formula (BaCO₃) is approximately 197.34 g/mol.

To find the molecular formula, we need to divide the given molar mass (197.31 g/mol) by the molar mass of the empirical formula (197.34 g/mol) and round to the nearest whole number:

Molar mass ratio = molar mass of molecular / molar mass of empirical

Molar mass ratio = 197.31 g/mol / 197.34 g/mol = 0.9999

Rounding it to 1.

The molecular formula is the same as the empirical formula, which is BaCO₃.

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When the magnetic field is in the x-direction, the force on the particle is only in the y-direction (Fy = 1.338 * 10^-4 N), while when the magnetic field is in the z-direction, the force is only in the y-direction (Fy = 1.457 * 10^-4 N).

To calculate the force exerted on the particle by a magnetic field, we can use the equation:

F = q * (V x B)

where F is the force vector, q is the charge of the particle, V is the velocity vector, and B is the magnetic field vector.

Given:

q = -1.24 * 10^-8 C (charge of the particle)

V = (4.19 * 10^4 m/s)i + (-3.85 * 10^4 m/s)j (velocity of the particle)

B = (2.80 T)i (magnetic field)

Let's calculate the force:

F = (-1.24 * 10^-8 C) * ((4.19 * 10^4 m/s)i + (-3.85 * 10^4 m/s)j) x (2.80 T)i

The x, y, and z components of the force are:

Fx = 0 N

Fy = 1.338 * 10^-4 N

Fz = -1.44 * 10^-4 N

To calculate the cross product, we use the following rules:

i x i = j x j = k x k = 0

i x j = k

j x k = i

k x i = j

j x i = -k

k x j = -i

Expanding the equation, we get:

F = (-1.24 * 10^-8 C) * [(4.19 * 10^4 m/s)(2.80 T)k - (-3.85 * 10^4 m/s)(2.80 T)j]

F = (-1.24 * 10^-8 C) * (11.692 * 10^4 T)m/s k + (10.78 * 10^4 T)m/s j

F = -1.44 * 10^-4 N k + 1.338 * 10^-4 N j

Now, let's calculate the force exerted on the particle by a magnetic field B = (2.80 T)k:

F = q * (V x B)

Given:

q = -1.24 * 10^-8 C (charge of the particle)

V = (4.19 * 10^4 m/s)i + (-3.85 * 10^4 m/s)j (velocity of the particle)

B = (2.80 T)k (magnetic field)

Using the same formula as before, we have:

F = (-1.24 * 10^-8 C) * [(4.19 * 10^4 m/s)i + (-3.85 * 10^4 m/s)j] x (2.80 T)k

Expanding the cross product:

F = (-1.24 * 10^-8 C) * (-2.80 T)(4.19 * 10^4 m/s)j

F = 1.457 * 10^-4 N j

Therefore, the x, y, and z components of the force are:

Fx = 0 N

Fy = 1.457 * 10^-4 N

Fz = 0 N

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The concentration of each species in the chemical equation will change to reach equilibrium are: a)decrease  decrease   increase, b)increase  increase, decrease, c)decrease,  decrease, increase.

Le Ch atelier's principle states that for any chemical reaction in equilibrium. A change in the volume or concentration of any chemical species will cause the equilibrium of the reaction to shift in a way that minimizes the impact of the change.

Thus, the concentration of each species in the chemical equation will change to reach equilibrium are: a)decrease  decrease   increase, b)increase  increase, decrease, c)decrease,  decrease, increase.

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It is likely that the temperature of the steam is higher than the temperature of the water boiling in the kettle. The intense heat felt by Alka from the puff of steam supports this observation.

In general, the temperature of steam produced from boiling water is higher than the temperature of the water itself. When water boils, it undergoes a phase change from a liquid to a gas, forming steam.

During this phase change, the water absorbs heat energy from the heat source, such as a stove or electric kettle, and converts it into the latent heat of vaporization.

The boiling point of water is 100 degrees Celsius (212 degrees Fahrenheit) at standard atmospheric pressure. At this temperature, the water molecules have enough energy to overcome the intermolecular forces and transition into the gaseous state.

However, steam is hotter than the boiling point of water because it contains additional heat energy in the form of latent heat. The heat energy absorbed during vaporization is stored as latent heat within the steam. As the steam gushes out of the spout of the kettle, it releases this latent heat energy, which can be felt as intense heat.

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Answer:

chlorine gas is reduced in the reaction.

Explanation:

First, you need to balance the equation:

N2    +  3 H2   ====>    2  NH3

                  so three moles of H2   result in  2 moles of NH3

                               ratio of   3:2

How many moles of NH3 is 36.5 gm  ??

   Using periodic table NH3 mole weight = 14.007  + 3*1.008 =17.031 g/mole

     36.5 g / 17.031 g/mole = 2.14 moles  of NH3

Using the ratios above   3/2 = x / 2.14   shows x = 3.21 moles of H2 needed

The ranking of the acids from weakest to strongest is Acid X < acid Z < acid Y.

Option A is correct

An acid is described as  a molecule or ion capable of either donating a proton, known as a Brønsted–Lowry acid, or forming a covalent bond with an electron pair, known as a Lewis acid.

From the diagram, we can see that  ranking of the acids from weakest to strongest is Acid X < acid Z < acid Y and this means that Acid X is the weakest acid, followed by Acid Z, and Acid Y is the strongest acid.

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The pH of the solution represent in the diagram, given that the solution contains 1 mole of H⁺ is 2 L is 0.3 (option B)

We'll begin by obtaining the hydrogen ion, H⁺ concentration in the solution. This is shown below:

Concentration = mole / volume

Hydrogen ion, H⁺ concentration = 1 / 2

Hydrogen ion, H⁺ concentration = 0.5 M

Finally, we shall determine the pH of the solution. Details below:

pH = -Log [H⁺]

pH = -Log 0.5

pH = 0.3

Thus, we can conclude that the pH of the solution is 0.3 (option B)

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