what is the approximate elevation at grid location 7-i?

The igneous layer is layers of rock formed from the cooling of magma that rises to the earth's surface and forms a vesicular texture due to gas trapped in the melt during solidification also formed as small crystal. Then the light-colored rock with a vesicular texture belongs to igneous rock, such as pumice.

What is the meaning of igneous rock?

Igneous rock can be defined as follows:

How is the process of formation of igneous rocks related to the rock cycle?

The process of formation of igneous rocks related to the rock cycle can be explained as follows:

In conclusion, igneous rock is the result of magma freezing that rises to the surface of the earth and forms a vesicular texture, especially for extrusive igneous rocks. The following cycle will continue to rotate, starting from the formation of igneous rocks then turning into sedimentary rocks, metamorphic, then it melt into magma until it returns to reforming igneous rocks and so on.

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Answer:

The magma forming process that creates andesitic lava is called fractional crystallization.

Explanation:

The magma forming process that creates andesitic lava is called fractional crystallization. This process happens when a magma chamber cools and crystallizes, and the different types of minerals that form crystallize at different rates. The slower-crystallizing minerals tend to sink to the bottom of the magma chamber, while the faster-crystallizing minerals rise to the top. When the magma is erupted, it is richer in the faster-crystallizing minerals, which gives it an andesitic composition.

The first rock that crystallises from magma will be the one with the one having lowest melting point. This is because the rocks with the highest melting point will remain in the magma longer, and will thus be the last to crystallize.

The first rock that crystallises from the magma will be the one with the lowest melting point because the magma will cool and crystallize from the bottom up. The rocks with the lowest melting point will crystallize first, followed by the rocks with the higher melting point. This process is known as fractional crystallization.Fractional crystallization is a process of crystallisation in which a melt of a single composition breaks up into a solid solution with more than one phase.

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Answer:

a) geosphere

Explanation:

geosphere includes all the rocks that make up Earth, from the partially melted rock under the crust, to ancient, towering mountains, to grains of sand on a beach. Both

A large chunk of the Canadian Ontario province and eight states that bordering the Great Lakes inside the United States—New York, Pennsylvania, Illinois, Wisconsin, and Minnesota—are comprised of the Great Lakes area .

There really are 60 million living in that area. Among the major cities all along Great Lakes are Buffalo, Milwaukee, Cleveland, Chicago, Detroit,and Toronto, which together contribute to the region's $2 trillion economy, the largest outside of Japan and the United States.

These immense inland freshwater oceans, which stretch and over 750 miles (1,200 km) from( west to east ), have given water for drinking, transportation, power, recreation, and other uses.

The Great Lakes is indeed the planet's biggest freshwater surface water system, with about 18% of the planet's freshwater.

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A cosmic catastrophe jolts earth so that its axis is perpendicular to the orbital plane between earth and the sun. The largest effect of this change would be the elimination of seasonal variation.

What are seasons?

Seasons are caused by the rotation of earth around its axis and are marked by particular weather and climatic conditions.

In general, there are four types of seasons following each other and are named as spring, summer, autumn and winter.

Moreover, seasons vary depending on their temperature and length, associated weather, specific climate.

To put it simply, the tilted axis of the earth is mainly responsible for the formation of seasons

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The recent changes to the cryosphere and oceans similar to interglacial period in the following way :

Glaciers and ice sheets melt thereby causing an increase in sea levels.

What do you mean by glacial and interglacial periods  and what are the changes which can be seen?

Glacial periods referred to that period which consisted of large amounts of ice, while in the interglacial period there was little to no ice. The

The whole period ranged from 1,20,000-11,500 years ago. In the recent period, the sea ice has thinned very much especially in the Arctic sea area and the summer extent has decreased substantially. The cryosphere is constantly melting due to human actions along with some natural consequences as well. It is leading to a very small snow season and disappearance of caps, glaciers and intermontane glaciers.

There is an adverse effect on climate. We are currently living in an interglacial period which is constantly affected by our action

Hence, Glaciers and ice sheets melt thereby causing an increase in sea levels.

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The construction of levees is why the river reached this condition.

what is a flood plain?

A relatively flat region of land near a river or stream is referred to as a floodplain (or floodplain). It extends from the river's banks to the valley's outer reaches. A floodplain is divided into two sections. The first is the floodway, which is the river's main channel.

A levee is a dam with a specific function: to guard against floods caused by seasonally high water. Levees are vulnerable to water loading for only brief periods each year, ranging from a few days to a few weeks, unlike small earth dams. They must therefore be created and designed using levee-specific standards.

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The Sahara desert is the name of this desert.

What are features of Sahara desert ?

Large oasis depressions, shallow, seasonally inundated basins (chotts and dayas), gravel-covered plains, rock-strewn plateaus (hammadas), abrupt mountains, sand sheets, dunes, and sand seas are among the main topographical characteristics of the Sahara (ergs). The 11,204-foot (3,415-meter) Mount Koussi top in Chad's Tibesti Mountains is the highest point in the desert. The Qattara Depression in Egypt has the lowest elevation at 436 feet (133 meters) below sea level.

The African Shield, which is made up of highly folded and depleted Precambrian rocks, is atop which the Sahara is located. Subsequently formed Paleozoic strata have remained horizontal and largely unmodified because of the shield's durability.

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In the united states, early warning systems have not greatly reduced the amount of damage caused by hurricanes. This statement is True.

What is a hurricane?

A revolving low-pressure weather system known as a tropical cyclone lacks fronts and has organised thunderstorms (a boundary separating two air masses of different densities). Tropical depressions are tropical cyclones with maximum sustained surface winds of less than 39 mph (mph). Tropical storms are defined as having maximum sustained winds of 39 mph or more.

Hurricanes are storms with maximum sustained winds of 74 mph or higher. Based on a hurricane's maximum sustained winds, the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale assigns a hurricane a rating, or category, from 1 to 5. The potential for property damage increases with hurricane category.

The Atlantic basin, which includes the Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea, and Gulf of Mexico, as well as the eastern and, less frequently, the central North Pacific Oceans, is where hurricanes develop. The World Meteorological Organization updates and maintains a list of names that is rotated every six years to identify these storms.

Although hurricanes can and have happened outside of this window, "Hurricane Season" officially runs from June 1 to November 30. The Atlantic basin experiences these powerful storm systems, which average 12 times a year, according to NOAA's National Hurricane Center.

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Answer:

The climate or type of plant life....

The statement made by Bill McKibben is false. There is no evidence to suggest that the Earth cannot support human life for much longer. In fact, there is evidence to suggest that the Earth can support human life for many more years.

The main reason why the Earth cannot support human life for much longer is because of the increasing population. As the population increases, the amount of resources decreases. This eventually leads to a situation where the Earth cannot support the population. However, this is not a situation that we are currently in. There is no evidence to suggest that the Earth cannot support human life for much longer.

Extinction is inevitable and there is no other planet that can support human life.The sun will eventually expand and consume the earth, making it uninhabitable. Even if humans could find another planet to live on, they would eventually exhaust its resources and it would become uninhabitable. The universe is infinite, but the resources on any one planet are limited. Sooner or later, the resources on Earth will be depleted and the human race will perish.

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The correct option is Principle of cross-cutting relationships. This would be helpful to seismologists for determining the historical interval between tsunami events at a location.

A tsunami is a sequence of exceptionally long waves brought on by a significant and abrupt oceanic movement, typically the result of an earthquake at or near the ocean's surface. As a result of, waves are produced and travel in all the directions away from their origin, occasionally spanning entire ocean basins. Large tsunamis can last for days in some places, usually peaking within the first few hours after arrival and then gradually subsiding after that. The interval between a tsunami's crests (also known as the tsunami period) is between five and two hours. The duration of hazardous tsunami currents can be days.

What would be helpful to seismologists for determining the historical interval between tsunami events at a location?

Uranium-238 radiometric dating

Carbon-14 radiometric dating

Seismometers O

Principle of cross-cutting relationships

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Answer:The right choice is Standard of cross-cutting connections. This would be useful to seismologists for deciding the verifiable stretch between wave occasions at an area.

Explanation:

A torrent is a succession of uncommonly lengthy waves welcomed on by a huge and unexpected maritime development, commonly the consequence of a quake at or close to the sea's surface. Because of, waves are created and travel in every one of the headings from their starting point, sometimes crossing whole sea bowls. Huge tidal waves can keep going for a really long time in certain spots, as a rule cresting inside the initial not many hours after appearance and afterward slowly dying down after that. The span between a tidal wave's peaks (otherwise called the torrent period) is somewhere in the range of five and two hours. The span of dangerous torrent flows can be days.

Uranium-238 radiometric dating

Carbon-14 radiometric dating

Seismometers O

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Global Climate Models are used for general trends, but due to anthropogenic activities and natural variability, they will not be able to accurately forecast the precise climate in the years ahead at specific moments in time.

There is no way to foresee natural disasters, therefore accuracy may not be able to account for a specific event in the earth's system.It is challenging to start the model since some areas do not have data for climatic parameters, and we do not even have measurements at all times. Clouds are the biggest source of doubt in global climate models because we don't completely grasp their physics.

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Answer:

Worldwide Environment Models are utilized for general patterns, however because of anthropogenic exercises and normal fluctuation, they can not precisely gauge the exact environment in the years ahead at explicit minutes in time.

Explanation:

It is basically impossible to predict catastrophic events, subsequently precision will be unable to represent a particular occasion in the world's system.It is trying to begin the model since certain areas don't have information for climatic boundaries anthropogenic and we don't have estimations consistently. Mists are the greatest wellspring of uncertainty in worldwide environment models since we don't totally get a handle on their material science.

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Answer:

Volcanoes erupt when molten rock called magma rises to the surface. Magma is formed when the earth's mantle melts. Melting may happen where tectonic plates are pulling apart or where one plate is pushed down under another. Magma is lighter than rock so rises towards the Earth's surface.

Explanation:

Why and how do volcanoes actually erupt?

Volcanoes erupt when molten rock called magma rises to the surface. Magma is formed when the earth's mantle melts.

Melting may happen where tectonic plates are pulling apart or where one plate is pushed down under another.

Magma is lighter than rock so rises towards the Earth's surface. As the magma rises, bubbles of gas form inside it.

Runny magma erupts through openings or vents in the earth's crust before flowing onto its surface as lava.

If magma is thick, gas bubbles cannot easily escape and pressure builds up as the magma rises.

When the pressure is too much an explosive eruption can happen, which can be dangerous and destructive.

Another way an eruption happens is when water underneath the surface interacts with hot magma and creates steam,

this can build up enough pressure to cause an explosion.

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If I was living in Canada the opinion that I would have on the law would be that the environment should not be depleted further for economic gains due to the severity of environmental issues that are faced in the world. I would support the law.

Aspects of the law that safeguard the environment are collectively referred to as environmental law. The management of certain natural resources, such as forests, minerals, or fisheries, is the focus of a related but separate set of regulatory regimes that are now heavily impacted by environmental legal principles.

Even though some topics, like environmental impact assessment, may not cleanly fit into either category, they are nonetheless significant aspects of environmental law.

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Geysers are a type of hot spring that periodically erupts water and steam. The word geyser comes from the Icelandic word "geysa" which means "to gush". Geysers are formed when groundwater is heated past its surface boiling temperature by surrounding hot rocks.

The super-hot liquid expands in volume, reducing its confining pressure, and flashing it into steam. The steam then rises and escapes through the opening at the surface, causing the characteristic eruption.

Geysers are found only in certain areas where the water table is heated by a hot magma chamber below the earth’s surface. The most famous geysers are found in Yellowstone National Park in the United States.

Old Faithful is perhaps the most famous geyser in Yellowstone. It is not the biggest or the most regular geyser in the park, but it is the most predictable, erupting every 35 to 120 minutes, shooting a column of water up to 80 feet (24 meters) in the air.

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Using the theories of volcano and landslide, we got that Mt. St. Helens is the volcano which recently erupted in the US and killed people, partly because it first blew sideways and produced a monstrous landslide.

The volcano is a rupture in the crust of a planetary-mass object, such as Earth, that allows hot lava, volcanic ash, and the gases to escape from a magma chamber below the surface. On Earth, the volcanoes are most often found where the tectonic plates are diverging or converging, and most are found underwater.

Hence, a stratovolcano recently erupted in the united states. although it warned of its impending eruption, it still killed people, partly because it first blew sideways and produced a monstrous landslide. the volcano is Mt. St. Helens.

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Geothermal energy comes from deep within the earth.

We can describe geothermal energy as the heat energy that is situated in the core of the Earth.

This heat energy present in the core of the Earth is a renewable resource.

The geothermal energy present inside the Earth is very useful as it can be used for different purposes such as generating electricity, cooking etc.

If the heat energy inside the Earth gets a rapid rise in temperature, then it can emerge from mountains as lava.

One major use of geothermal energy is the formation of geothermal heat pumps.

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Answer

I'm pretty sure its deep within the earth

ExplenationExplanation

The word Geothermal has the part "Geo" in it and it refers to earth.

Factors influencing the Climate

Topography

The Topography of an area can greatly influence our climate. Mountain ranges are natural barriers to air movement. In California, winds off the Pacific ocean carry moisture-laden air toward the coast. The Coastal Range allows for some condensation and light precipitation.

Prevailing global wind patterns

Latitude affects climate. Two ways it does this is the amount of sunlight different latitudes receive and prevailing winds change at different latitudes. The sunlight distribution changes in that, because of the Earth’s tilt; the equatorial region receives the most sunlight of anywhere on earth. Because of this, the higher or lower you go in latitude away from the equator, the less sunlight and therefore, colder on average the area will be.

Relative Humidity

In general, relative humidities are moderate to high along the coast throughout the year. Inland humidities are high during the winter and low during the summer. Since the ocean is the source of the cool, humid, maritime air of summer, it follows that with increasing distance from the ocean, relative humidity tends to decrease. Where mountain barriers prevent the free flow of marine air inland, humidities decrease rapidly. Where openings in these barriers permit a significant influx of cool, moist air it mixes with the drier inland air, resulting in a more gradual decrease of moisture. This pattern is characteristic of most coastal valleys.

Floods

In southern California, most flooding is the result of heavy precipitation over periods of one or two days. The short streams and steep watersheds emptying onto lowlands that may be heavily populated, produce large volumes of water within short periods and damage is often severe. The problem is sometimes compounded by the denuding of large areas of the watershed by fire during the previous season.

The west slopes of the coastal ranges in the central and northern parts of the state also experience flooding as a result of heavy precipitation over a period of only a few days. These streams are usually longer than those of southern California and require a longer time to build up a flood potential. The Eel and Klamath Rivers, as well as others in the northwestern part of California, are larger streams

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The ways that erosions would have to affect the lives of humans is that it would lead to loss of fertile land it would lead to a rise in pollution, it would cause a rise in sediments as well as clogging on waterways. The water lives would experience a decline as well.

Earthen materials are worn away during erosion, a geological process in which they are moved by wind or water. Weathering, a related process that does not involve movement, dissolves or breaks down rock.

A little rock fragment being carried away from a mountainside by the wind as an illustration of erosion. Chemical weathering is the breakdown of rock and soil brought on by chemical processes.

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Answer:

Muscles are attached to bones by tendons and help them to move. When a muscle contracts (bunches up), it gets shorter and so pulls on the bone it is attached to. When a muscle relaxes, it goes back to its normal size. Muscles can only pull and cannot push. Therefore muscles have to work in pairs to move a joint.

Explanation:

Hoped dat help

There are a few reasons for this. Firstly, land masses absorb and retain heat more effectively than water. This is due to the fact that water has a higher specific heat capacity than land, meaning that it takes longer for water to heat up or cool down.

Additionally, the ocean is constantly mixing and circulating, which helps to moderate temperatures. Land, on the other hand, is more static, so extreme temperatures are more likely to be felt. Finally, the wind blowing over the ocean can also help to moderate temperatures, whereas on land there is often less wind to dissipate heat.

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Answer:

Near the arctic circle.

Star-forming clouds appear dark in visible-light photos because the light of stars behind them is absorbed by interstellar dust.

Interstellar dust is composed of various elemental compounds such as oxygen, carbon, iron, silicon, and magnesium. It is caused by the death of stars, which produce metals during their lifetimes before exploding or blowing off their outer layers. Typical interstellar dust grains are much smaller than the dust we are familiar with on Earth, resembling more closely candle flame soot. Because they are roughly the same size as the wavelength of blue light, they absorb and scatter UV and blue light far more efficiently than red light.

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Limestone that has precipitated out of subterranean water makes up stalagmites.

Stalagmites are made of dripstone rather than flowstone, which forms as layers of materials over large surfaces. Stalactites, which dangle from cave ceilings, are formed from soda straws.

A stalagmite is a particular kind of rock structure that rises from a cave's floor as a result of the buildup of debris left behind by ceiling drips. Stalagmites can also be made of magma, mud, peat, tar, sand, sinter, & amber in addition to their normal calcium carbonate composition.

A stalactite is created as the accepted minerals accumulate following many drips of water. If there is still any dissolved calcite in the water that falls to the cave floor, it may leave behind additional dissolved calcite, creating a stalagmite.

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