What is the Molality of a solution in which
25 g of sodium chloride is dissolved in 2.0
kg of water?

The Ammonium Chloride solution at 0.25 M has a pH of 2.67.

As a result, the weak basic (Chlorine) in the solution is overpowered by the conjugate acid (Ammonium cation), making the solution mildly acidic. According to the equation pH =log[Hydrogen ion], an acidic solution has a pH lower than 7. Aqueous ammonium chloride solution has a pH that is less than 7.

Ammonium cation + Water ⇌ Nitrogen trihydride + Hydronium ion

Kb = [Nitrogen trihydride][Hydronium ion] / [Ammonium cation]

[Nitrogen trihydride] = [Hydronium ion] = x

[Ammonium cation] = 0.25 - x

Kb = [Nitrogen trihydride][Hydronium ion] / [Ammonium cation]

1.8 × 10–5 = x² / (0.25 - x)

1.8 × 10–5 = x² / 0.25

x² = 4.5 × 10–6

x = 2.12 × 10–3

pH = -log[Hydronium ion] = -log(2.12 × 10–3) = 2.67

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Component form of the vector v is as follows: 4 3 1.5 1 Using the standard basis vectors I and j), express the vector w as follows: 3 two 1 4 pp . 1 3 w 3.5 C. V plus w= d. Determine the vector v's magnitude

What does "vector" mean?

Latin word for "carrier" is "vector." Point A is transported to point B by vectors. The orientation of the vectors AB is the direction in which point A is moved in relation to point B, and the amplitude of the vector is the width of the line connecting the two locations A and B. The terms Euclidean vectors and spatial vectors are also used to refer to vectors.

A vector space is what?

A vector space, also known as a linear space, is a collection of things called vectors that can be added to and multiplied ("scaled") by figures called scalars in the fields of mathematics, physics, and engineering.

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To calculate the cell potential, Ecell, for the given reaction at 298K, we need to use the Nernst equation. The Nernst equation relates the cell potential to the standard cell potential, temperature, and the concentrations of the reactants and products. The Nernst equation is given as follows:

Ecell = E°cell - (RT/nF) ln(Q)

where,

Ecell = cell potential

E°cell = standard cell potential

R = gas constant (8.314 J/K.mol)

T = temperature (298 K)

n = number of electrons transferred in the balanced redox reaction

F = Faraday constant (96,485 C/mol)

Q = reaction quotient

The given reaction is a redox reaction, which involves the transfer of two electrons from Co to Ag+. The balanced half-reactions are as follows:

Co(s) → Co2+(aq) + 2 e-

Ag+(aq) + e- → Ag(s)

The standard reduction potentials for these half-reactions are:

Co2+(aq) + 2 e- → Co(s) E°red = -0.28 V

Ag+(aq) + e- → Ag(s) E°red = +0.80 V

The overall standard cell potential can be calculated by subtracting the standard reduction potential of the anode from that of the cathode:

E°cell = E°red,cathode - E°red,anode

= +0.80 V - (-0.28 V)

= +1.08 V

Now we need to calculate the reaction quotient Q using the concentrations of the reactants and products. According to the given information, [Ag+] = 0.010 M and [Co2+] = 0.015 M.

Q = ([Co2+][Ag+]^2)/([Ag+]^2)

= ([0.015][0.010]^2)/([0.010]^2)

= 0.015 M

Substituting the values in the Nernst equation, we get:

Ecell = E°cell - (RT/nF) ln(Q)

= 1.08 - (8.314 x 298 / (2 x 96485)) ln(0.015)

= 0.829 V

Therefore, the cell potential, Ecell, for the given reaction at 298K is 0.829 V.

Around 80.5 KJ

Multiply Heat of Fusion and Mass to get the q value.

The direction of the reaction, as written, spontaneous at 25 ∘C and standard pressure is reverse.

To calculate the value of Δ∘rxn at 25.0 ∘C, we can use the equation:

Δ∘rxn(T2) = Δ∘rxn(T1) + ΔH∘(products) - ΔH∘(reactants)

where;

Using the data from the table of thermodynamic properties, we can look up the enthalpy change of formation values for C2H4(g), H2O(l), and C2H5OH(l):

ΔH∘f(C2H4(g)) = 52.26 kJ/mol

ΔH∘f(H2O(l)) = -285.83 kJ/mol

ΔH∘f(C2H5OH(l)) = -277.69 kJ/mol

Substituting these values into the equation, we get:

Δ∘rxn(25.0 ∘C) = -44.2 kJ + (-277.69 kJ/mol) - (-52.26 kJ/mol)

Δ∘rxn(25.0 ∘C) = -44.2 kJ - (-277.69 kJ/mol) + 52.26 kJ/mol

Δ∘rxn(25.0 ∘C) = -44.2 kJ + 277.69 kJ/mol + 52.26 kJ/mol

Δ∘rxn(25.0 ∘C) = 233.23 kJ/mol

So the value of Δ∘rxn at 25.0 ∘C is 233.23 kJ/mol.

In which direction is the reaction, as written, spontaneous at 25 ∘C and standard pressure?

Since the value of Δ∘rxn at 25.0 ∘C is positive (233.23 kJ/mol), the reaction as written is not spontaneous at this temperature and standard pressure. The correct answer is "reverse."

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252,212 Joules of energy are required to heat 100g of water from 35°C to 115°C water vapor.

To calculate the amount of energy required to heat water from 35°C to 100°C, we use the specific heat capacity of water, which is 4.18 J/(g°C). This means that it takes 4.18 Joules of energy to heat one gram of water by one degree Celsius.

So, the energy required to heat 100 g of water from 35°C to 100°C can be calculated as follows:

Q1 = m × c × ΔT

Q1 = 100 g × 4.18 J/(g°C) × (100°C - 35°C)

Q1 = 26,212 Joules

Next, we need to calculate the amount of energy required to vaporize the water at 100°C. This is done using the heat of vaporization of water, which is 2260 J/g.

So, the energy required to vaporize 100 g of water at 100°C is:

Q2 = m × Lv

Q2 = 100 g × 2260 J/g

Q2 = 226,000 Joules

Therefore, the total energy required to heat 100 g of water from 35°C to 115°C water vapor is:

Q = Q1 + Q2

Q = 26,212 Joules + 226,000 Joules

Q = 252,212 Joules

Thus, 252,212 Joules of energy are required to heat 100g of water from 35°C to 115°C water vapor.

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The reaction's G value at 805 K is -2625.7 kJ.

Sulfur dioxide gas is the byproduct of the interaction between sulphur and oxygen. Sulphurous acid is created when sulphur dioxide dissolves in water. Sulfuric acid causes blue litmus paper to turn red. Non-metal oxides typically have an acidic character.

ΔG = ΔH - TΔS

where ΔH is the enthalpy change, ΔS is the entropy change, T is the temperature in Kelvin, and ΔG is the change in Gibbs free energy.

Substituting the given values:

ΔG = -2374 kJ - (805 K)(312.2 J/K)

ΔG = -2374 kJ - 251717 J

ΔG = -2374 kJ - 251.7 kJ

ΔG = -2625.7 kJ

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The decay constant for this process is

The decay constant (λ) is related to the half-life (t1/2) by the following equation:

λ = ln(2) / t1/2

where

ln(2) is the natural logarithm of 2, which is approximately 0.693.

Substituting the given half-life of 3.1 min into the equation, we get:

λ = ln(2) / (3.1 min) ≈ 0.223 min^(-1)

Therefore, the decay constant for the β decay of Tl-208 is approximately 0.223 min^(-1).

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The eutectic point is the lowest temperature at which the liquid phase is constant at a particular pressure.

A melting composition known as a eutectic consists of at least two components that melt and freeze at the same rates. The components combine during the crystallisation phase, operating as a single component as a result.

The eutectic is the system's lowest melting point under its own pressure; it has a matching temperature called the eutectic temperature and produces the eutectic liquid as a result. In terms of composition, eutectic liquids are located between the system's solid phases.

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Answer: C)Deposition (gas to solid)

Explanation: According to the phase diagram, at room temperature (25°C) and 1 atm, the sample is in the gas phase.  As the temperature decreases to 80 K, it falls below the sublimation curve. T he sublimation curve represents the conditions at which a substance can change directly from a solid to a gas or from a gas to a solid without passing through the liquid phase.

Since the sample is in the gas phase at room temperature, cooling it to 80 K would cause it to go through the process of deposition, where the gas particles directly transform into a solid without first becoming a liquid.  This is indicated by the section of the phase diagram below the sublimation curve.

It requires 10.15 kilojoules of energy.

The term "vaporisation" (or "evaporation") often refers to the transformation of a liquid's condition into a vapour phase below its boiling point. The phrase, however, can also refer to the process of removing a solvent, independent of the temperature used.

When a body moves to exert force, it is said to be exerting work. Energy is the capacity to accomplish work. Energy is something we always need, and it can take many different forms.

If the gold is present in the liquid state, you only have to determine the latent heat of vaporization, or lvap. The empirical data for gold is 330 kJ/mol.

Q = mlvap

Q = (2 kg)(1 kmol/197 kg)(1,000 mol/1 kmol)

Q = 10.15 kJ

It needs an energy of 10.15 kilojoules

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Taking into account definition of percent yield, the correct answer is option c): the percent yield for the reaction is 0.947.

In first place, the balanced reaction is:

CH₄ + 2 O₂ → CO₂ + 2 H₂O

By reaction stoichiometry, the following amounts of moles of each compound participate in the reaction:

The molar mass of the compounds is:

By reaction stoichiometry, the following mass quantities of each compound participate in the reaction:

The following rule of three can be applied: if by reaction stoichiometry 16.05 grams of CH₄ form 44.01 grams of CO₂, 136 grams of CH₄ form how much mass of CO₂?

mass of CO₂= (136 grams of CH₄× 44.01 grams of CO₂)÷16.05 grams of CH₄

mass of CO₂= 372.92 grams

Then, 372.92 grams of CO₂ can be produced from 136 grams of CH₄.

The percent yield is the ratio of the actual return to the theoretical return expressed as a percentage and this is calculated as the experimental yield divided by the theoretical yield multiplied by 100%:

percent yield= (actual yield÷ theoretical yield)× 100%

where the theoretical yield is the amount of product acquired through the complete conversion of all reagents in the final product.

In this case, you know:

Replacing in the definition of percent yield:

percent yield= (353 grams÷ 372.92 grams)× 100%

Solving:

percent yield= 94.7%= 0.947

Finally, the percent yield for the reaction is 0.947.

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Answer:

colloid

Explanation:

there's no explanation

Answer:

-191 kJ

Explanation:

The given reaction is:

N₂(g) + 3H₂(g) → 2NH₃(g) ΔH = -76.4 kJ/mol

From the balanced equation, we can see that the stoichiometric ratio between hydrogen (H₂) and ammonia (NH₃) is 3:2. This means that 3 moles of hydrogen react to produce 2 moles of ammonia.

To determine the heat energy when 5.0 g of hydrogen (H₂) burns, we need to follow these steps:

Step 1: Calculate the moles of hydrogen (H₂)

Using the molar mass of hydrogen (H₂), which is 2 g/mol, we can calculate the moles of hydrogen (H₂) in 5.0 g of hydrogen:

Moles of H₂ = Mass of H₂ / Molar mass of H₂

Moles of H₂ = 5.0 g / 2 g/mol

Moles of H₂ = 2.5 mol

Step 2: Use the stoichiometry of the reaction

Based on the stoichiometry of the reaction, we know that 3 moles of hydrogen (H₂) react to produce 2 moles of ammonia (NH₃), and the enthalpy change (ΔH) is -76.4 kJ/mol.

Step 3: Calculate the heat energy

The heat energy for 2.5 moles of hydrogen (H₂) can be calculated using the given enthalpy change (ΔH) and the stoichiometry of the reaction:

Heat energy = Moles of H₂ x ΔH

Heat energy = 2.5 mol x -76.4 kJ/mol

Heat energy = -191 kJ (rounded to three significant figures)

So, the heat energy when 5.0 g of hydrogen (H₂) burns is -191 kJ (rounded to three significant figures), and the negative sign indicates that the reaction is exothermic, releasing heat.

Answer:

Neutrons and Protons

Explanation:

Different elements can have subatomic particles of varying sizes. The size of an atom is defined by the size of its electron cloud, which is composed of electrons, and the size of its nucleus, which is composed of protons and neutrons. The atomic number and subsequently the identity of an element are determined by the number of protons in the nucleus. The quantity of protons and neutrons in the nucleus determines its size. The quantity of electrons in the electron cloud and the energy levels they are located at define its size. The size of atoms can differ depending on the element due to differences in the amount of protons, neutrons, and electrons.

The final temperature is -160°C

We can use the combined gas law, which relates the pressure, volume, and temperature of a gas:

(P₁V₁)/T₁ = (P₂V₂)/T₂

Where

In this case, we can assume that the pressure of the gas is constant, since it is not given in the problem statement. So we can simplify the equation to:

(V₁/T₁) = (V₂/T₂)

Where

We are given that the initial volume (V₁) is 80 L and the final volume (V₂) is twice that, or 160 L. We are also given that the initial temperature (T₁) is -40°C. To find the final temperature (T₂), we can plug these values into the equation:

(V₁/T₁) = (V₂/T₂)

(80 L)/(-40°C) = (160 L)/T₂

Simplifying:

-2 L/°C = (160 L)/T₂

Multiplying both sides by -1°C/2 L (the reciprocal of -2 L/°C):

1/2 = (T₂)/(160 L) x (-1°C/2 L)

1/2 = -T₂/320

Multiplying both sides by -1 to isolate T₂:

-1/2 = T₂/320

T₂ = -160°C

Therefore, the final temperature is -160°C.

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The elements that have an outer electron configuration of ms2nd2 are located in the d-block of the periodic table and include some of the transition metals and lanthanides.

To determine which elements in the periodic table have this outer electron configuration, you can look at the position of the d-block elements in the table. The d-block elements are located in the middle of the table and include the transition metals. These elements have partially filled d orbitals, which can accommodate up to 10 electrons.

Elements in the d-block with an atomic number of 21 through 30 (scandium through zinc) have an outer electron configuration of d10s2 and do not fit the ms2nd2 configuration. However, elements in the d-block with an atomic number of 39 through 48 (yttrium through cadmium) have an outer electron configuration of d10s2p1 and can have the ms2nd2 configuration by removing the single electron in the p orbital. Elements in the d-block with an atomic number of 57 through 80 (lanthanum through mercury) also have the possibility of having an outer electron configuration of ms2nd2.

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The concentrations of all species in a 0.510 M NaCH₃COO (sodium acetate) solution: [Na+]= 0.510 M , [OH-]= 1.8x10⁻⁵ M , [H₃O+]= 1.8x10⁻⁵ M , [CH₃COO-]= 0.510 M and [CH₃COOH]= 0.510 - (1.8x10⁻⁵) = 0.50982 M.

Concentration is the ability to focus your attention on a single task or thought for a prolonged period of time. It involves being able to ignore distractions and to be able to work through any difficulties or obstacles that may arise. Concentration is an important skill to master in order to achieve success in any endeavor, whether it be academic, professional, or personal. Good concentration can help you to stay focused, organized, and productive. When you are able to concentrate, you can take in the information needed to make better decisions and solve problems. Concentration is a skill that can be developed with practice, such as by setting goals, breaking down tasks into smaller, manageable pieces, and avoiding distractions.

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Determine the amount of KOH present in the resulting solution. KOH was initially 0.00875 mol, then 0.00525 mol of it interacted with HCl. As a result, 0.00875 mole - 0.00525 mol (= 0.00350 mol of KOH is left. The resulting solution has a volume of 70.0 mL (35.0 mL plus 35.0 mL).

The titrant (NaOH), which is added gradually throughout the course of a titration, is added to the unknown substance. The equivalency point is the moment at which precisely the right quantity of titrant (NaOH) has indeed been added that react to the entire analyte (HCl).

What took place during titration: One mole of NaOH interacts with one mole of HCl inside the reaction between the two substances. NaOH with HCl equals NaCl plus H2O. (NaOH and HCl have a mole ratio of 1:1.) • The NaOH concentration is 0.1 M, or 0.1 molecules per litre.

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The pH of the solution can be calculated using the following steps:

Write the chemical equation for the dissociation of ethanoic acid:

CH3COOH + H2O ⇌ CH3COO- + H3O+

Write the equilibrium expression for the dissociation of ethanoic acid:

Ka = [CH3COO-][H3O+] / [CH3COOH]

Since the solution is equimolar in CH3COOH and CH3COO-, we can assume that the initial concentrations of CH3COOH and CH3COO- are equal. Let's use the variable x to represent the concentration of CH3COO- and CH3COOH in mol/L.

[CH3COOH] = x mol/L [CH3COO-] = x mol/L

Since CH3COOH is a weak acid, we can assume that only a small fraction of it dissociates in water. Let's use the variable y to represent the concentration of H3O+ ions in mol/L that are produced from the dissociation of CH3COOH. From the dissociation of ethanoic acid, we know that [CH3COO-] = [H3O+].

[CH3COO-] = y mol/L [H3O+] = y mol/L

Use the equilibrium expression to solve for the concentration of H3O+ ions:

Ka = [CH3COO-][H3O+] / [CH3COOH] 1.79 x 10^-5 = y^2 / x

Solving for y in terms of x, we get:

y = sqrt(Ka * x)

Calculate the pH of the solution using the equation:

pH = -log[H3O+]

pH = -log(y)

Substituting in the value of y from Step 5, we get:

pH = -log(sqrt(Ka * x))

Simplifying, we get:

pH = -0.5 * log(Ka * x)

Substituting in the value of Ka, we get:

pH = -0.5 * log(1.79 x 10^-5 * x)

Now we can calculate the pH for the solution by substituting the value of x as it is equimolar.

pH = -0.5 * log(1.79 x 10^-5 * x)

pH = -0.5 * log(1.79 x 10^-5 * 1)

pH = -0.5 * log(1.79 x 10^-5)

pH = 4.74

Therefore, the pH of an equimolar solution of ethanoic acid and Na+CH3COO- is 4.74.

Answer:

140.3 *C

Explanation:

(P1 * V1) / T1 = (P2 * V2) / T2

where P1 = 3.000 atm, V1 = 200.0 ml, T1 = 37.0°C + 273.15 = 310.15 K, P2 = 2.000 atm, V2 = 400.0 ml.

Substituting these values into the formula gives:

(3.000 atm * 200.0 ml) / 310.15 K = (2.000 atm * 400.0 ml) / T2

Solving for T2 gives:

T2 = (2.000 atm * 400.0 ml * 310.15 K) / (3.000 atm * 200.0 ml)

T2 ≈ 413 K or 140°C.

The standard change in Gibbs free energy of the reaction at 25 ∘C is -1.69 kJ/mol.

What is standard change?

To find the standard change in Gibbs free energy of the reaction, we need to use the following equation:

ΔG° = -RT ln(K)

where ΔG° is the standard change in Gibbs free energy, R is the gas constant (8.314 J/mol·K), T is the temperature in Kelvin (25 °C = 298 K), and K is the equilibrium constant.

To find K, we need to use the equilibrium partial pressures:

K = (PC × PD) / (PA × PB²)

where PA, PB, PC, and PD are the equilibrium partial pressures of A, B, C, and D, respectively.

Substituting the values, we get:

K = (5.47 atm × 5.63 atm) / (5.63 atm × (5.00 atm)²)

K = 0.6176

Now we can calculate the standard change in Gibbs free energy:

ΔG° = -RT ln(K)

ΔG° = -(8.314 J/mol·K) × (298 K) × ln(0.6176)

ΔG° = -1,690 J/mol or -1.69 kJ/mol

Therefore, the standard change in Gibbs free energy of the reaction at 25 ∘C is -1.69 kJ/mol.

What is free energy?

Free energy, also known as Gibbs free energy, is a thermodynamic quantity that represents the amount of energy in a system that is available to do work at a constant temperature and pressure. It is denoted by the symbol G and is expressed in units of joules (J) or calories (cal).

In simple terms, free energy is the energy that can be used to do work. It is defined by the equation:

ΔG = ΔH - TΔS

where ΔH is the change in enthalpy (heat content) of the system, ΔS is the change in entropy (disorder) of the system, and T is the absolute temperature in Kelvin.

If ΔG is negative, the reaction is spontaneous and can proceed without the input of external energy. If ΔG is positive, the reaction is non-spontaneous and requires energy input to proceed. If ΔG is zero, the system is at equilibrium.

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The density of sulfur dioxide gas at a temperature of 15°C and pressure of 300 torr is 0.001022 g/cm³, or 0.001022 g/mL, or 1.022 kg/m³, or 0.01022 g/L when converted to atm.

What is density?

To calculate the density of sulfur dioxide gas at a temperature of 15°C and a pressure of 300 torr, we can use the ideal gas law:

PV = nRT

where P is the pressure in atmospheres, V is the volume in liters, n is the number of moles, R is the ideal gas constant (0.08206 L·atm/(mol·K)), and T is the temperature in Kelvin.

First, we need to convert the given temperature of 15°C to Kelvin:

T = 15°C + 273.15 = 288.15 K

Next, we can rearrange the ideal gas law to solve for the number of moles:

n = PV/RT

where we can use the given pressure of 300 torr and convert it to atm by dividing by 760 torr/atm:

P = 300 torr / 760 torr/atm = 0.3947 atm

Substituting the values into the equation, we get:

n = (0.3947 atm) V / (0.08206 L·atm/(mol·K) × 288.15 K)

Now, we can use the molar mass of sulfur dioxide, which is 64.06 g/mol, to convert the number of moles to mass:

mass = n × molar mass

Finally, we can calculate the density of sulfur dioxide gas using the mass and volume:

density = mass / V

To convert the density from g/L to g/cm³, we divide by 1000.

Putting it all together, we get:

n = (0.3947 atm) V / (0.08206 L·atm/(mol·K) × 288.15 K)

n = 0.01595 V

mass = n × molar mass = 0.01595 V * 64.06 g/mol = 1.022 gV

density = mass / V = 1.022 gV / V = 1.022 g/L = 0.001022 g/cm³

Therefore, the density of sulfur dioxide gas at a temperature of 15°C and pressure of 300 torr is 0.001022 g/cm³, or 0.001022 g/mL, or 1.022 kg/m³, or 0.01022 g/L when converted to atm.

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Complete question is: The density of Sulfur dioxide gas at a temperature of 15oC and pressure of 300 torr is 0.01022 atm.

The state of matter that tends to have unique factors to consider when discussing solubility compared to the other two states (solid and gas) is the liquid state.

Solubility refers to the ability of a substance (solute) to dissolve in a particular solvent to form a homogeneous mixture (solution). Various factors can affect the solubility of a substance, including temperature, pressure, and the nature of the solute and solvent.

In the case of liquids, the unique factor to consider when discussing solubility is often temperature. The solubility of many solid solutes in liquids generally increases with increasing temperature. This is because higher temperatures provide more energy to break the intermolecular forces between solute particles, allowing them to disperse more evenly throughout the solvent.

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[tex]CO_{2}[/tex]The following compounds' mole fractions (X) are (a)0.986 (b)0.750 (c)0.811 for the given solutions.

[tex]H_{2}SO_{4}[/tex] mass is 19.4 g.

[tex]H_{2}SO_{4}[/tex]'s molecular weight is 98.08 g/mol.

It's molecular weight is 19.4 g/98.08 g/mol, or 0.1979 mol.

Density times volume is 1.00 g/mL times 0.251 L and 251 g for water mass.

[tex]H_{2} O[/tex] has a molecular weight of 18.02 g/mol.

Water moles are equal to 251 g / 18.02 g/mol, or 13.93 mol.

The solution's total moles are equal to 0.1979 mol plus 13.93 mol, or 14.13 mol.

Sulphuric Acid's mole fraction is equal to 0.1979 mol/14.13 mol, or 0.014.

Water mole fraction is equal to 13.93 mol / 14.13 mol, or 0.986 mol.

KBr's mass is 35.7 g.

KBr has a molecular weight of 119 g/mol.

The formula for KBr is 35.7 g/119 g/mol, which equals 0.300 mol.

16.2 g of water in mass

Water has a molecular weight of 18.02 g/mol.

Water moles are equal to 16.2 g / 18.02 g/mol, or 0.899 mol.

The solution has a total of 1.199 moles (0.300 mol + 0.899 mol).

The mole fraction of KBr is equal to 0.300 mol/1.199 mol, or 0.250

Water mole fraction is equal to 0.899 mol / 1.199 mol, or 0.750 moles.

[tex]CO_{2}[/tex] mass = 233 g

It has a molecular weight of 44.01 g/mol.

Its moles are equal to 233 g / 44.01 g/mol, or 5.291 mol.

Water volume equals 0.409 L.

Water has a molecular weight of 18.02 g/mol.

(density × volume) / molecular weight (1.00 g/mL 409 mL) / 18.02 g/mol = 22.71 mol = number of moles of water

The solution's total moles are equal to 5.291 mol plus 22.71 mol, or 28.00 mol.

[tex]CO_{2}[/tex] mole fraction = 5.291 moles / 28.00 moles = 0.189

[tex]H_{2} O[/tex] mole fraction is 22.71 mol/28.00 mol, or 0.811 moles.

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The new volume of the helium sample would be 2.4 L.

According to the ideal gas law, PV = nRT, where P is the pressure, V is the volume, n is the number of moles of gas, R is the gas constant, and T is the temperature in kelvins.

At STP (standard temperature and pressure), which is defined as 0°C (273.15 K) and 101.325 kPa, the volume of 2.0 liters of helium gas contains one mole of helium atoms.

To find the new volume of the helium sample when the temperature is increased to 27°C (300.15 K) and the pressure is decreased to 80 kPa, we can use the following equation:

(P1V1)/T1 = (P2V2)/T2

where P1, V1, and T1 are the initial pressure, volume, and temperature, respectively, and P2, V2, and T2 are the final pressure, volume, and temperature, respectively.

Plugging in the values, we get:

(101.325 kPa)(2.0 L)/(273.15 K) = (80 kPa)(V2)/(300.15 K)

Solving for V2, we get:

V2 = (101.325 kPa)(2.0 L)/(273.15 K) * (300.15 K)/(80 kPa) = 2.36 L

Therefore, the new volume of the helium sample is approximately 2.4 L (rounded to the nearest tenth).

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To draw the two circles, we would need to draw a smaller circle with a diameter of 2,532.5 miles (representing the moon) and a larger circle with a diameter of 75,974.4 miles (representing the Earth) that is 30 times larger than the smaller circle.

If we assume that the larger circle represents the Earth, then the diameter of the Earth would be 30 times the diameter of the smaller circle representing the moon. Let's say that the diameter of the smaller circle is x. Then the diameter of the larger circle (Earth) would be 30 times x or 30x.

To find the correct distance from Earth to the moon at this scale, we need to know the actual distance from Earth to the moon, which is approximately 238,855 miles or 384,400 kilometers. If we divide this distance by the scale factor of 30, we get:

238,855 miles / 30 = 7,961.8 miles

Therefore, the diameter of the smaller circle (moon) would be approximately 7,961.8 miles / π = 2,532.5 miles (rounded to one decimal place). And the diameter of the larger circle (Earth) would be 30 times that or 75,974.4 miles

So, to draw the two circles, we would need to draw a smaller circle with a diameter of 2,532.5 miles (representing the moon) and a larger circle with a diameter of 75,974.4 miles (representing the Earth) that is 30 times larger than the smaller circle.

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The order for reactant A is 2 and the order for reactant B is 1. For the first reaction, the overall order of the reaction is 3 and for the second reaction, the overall order of the reaction is 5.

The order of a reaction is the sum of the exponents in the rate law expression that relates the rate of a chemical reaction to the concentrations of the reactants.

To determine the order of each reactant, we need to compare the initial rates of reaction at different concentrations while keeping the concentration of the other reactant constant.

For reactant A:

Exp#1 (0.100 M A, 0.100 M B): initial rate = k(0.100)^2(0.100) = 0.001 k

Exp#2 (0.200 M A, 0.100 M B): initial rate = k(0.200)^2(0.100) = 0.004 k

Exp#3 (0.100 M A, 0.200 M B): initial rate = k(0.100)^2(0.200) = 0.002 k

We can see that when the concentration of A doubles (Exp#1 to Exp#2), the initial rate quadruples, which indicates that A is second order. When the concentration of B doubles (Exp#1 to Exp#3), the initial rate doubles, which indicates that B is first order.

Therefore, the order for reactant A is 2 and the order for reactant B is 1.

To determine the overall order of the reaction, we add the orders of the reactants:

Overall order = 2 (order of A) + 1 (order of B) = 3

Therefore, the overall order of the reaction is 3.

For the second reaction, we can see that the rate depends on the concentration of both reactants, and we cannot determine their individual orders without further information or experiments. However, we can determine the overall order of the reaction by adding the exponents of the concentration terms in the rate law:

Overall order = 1 + 4 = 5

Therefore, the overall order of the reaction is 5.

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