What is the oxidation number of an element

When heat is added to the water molecules there is an increase in temperature causing the water molecules to gain kinetic energy and move more rapidly. The water molecules will then move further apart resulting in an increase in the water volume.

The water molecule is said to be composed of two hydrogen atoms, each linked by a single chemical bond to an oxygen atom.

When heat is added to water molecules, it can result in;

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1.34 x 10^{-3} is the concentration of NH4 .

What is pH ?

pH, a quantitative measure of the acidity or basicity of aqueous or other liquid solutions. Widely used in chemistry, biology, and agriculture, this term translates the concentration value of hydrogen ions. This typically ranges from about 1 to 10-14 gram equivalents per liter. Converted to a number between 0 and 14. At neutral (neither acidic nor alkaline), the concentration of hydrogen ions is 10−7 gram equivalents per liter, which corresponds to a pH of 7. Solutions below pH 7 are considered acidic. Solutions with a pH greater than 7 are considered basic or alkaline.

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The ratio of mol of ZnSO₄ : mol H₂O is 1:7.

Empirical formula- The relative ratios of the various atoms in a compound are given by an empirical formula. The ratios are still valid at the molar level. As a result, H₂O is made up of two hydrogen and one oxygen atoms. Similar to how 2.0 moles of hydrogen and 1.0 mole of oxygen make up 1.0 mole .

Steps to determine Empirical formula-

Determine the masses in Step 1. Step 2: Multiply the grams by the atomic mass to get the number of moles. Step 3: Subtract the smallest number of moles from the total number of moles of each element. Step 4: Make entire numbers out of the numbers.

Given,

0.05216 mol of ZnSO₄

0.3609 mol of H₂O

Here, the smallest number of mole is 0.05216.

Dividing each by the smallest number of moles to get the ratio -

⇒ 0.05216/ 0.05216 = 1

⇒ 0.3609/ 0.05216 = 6.91 ≈ 7

Therefore the mol ratio of ZnSO₄ and H₂O are 1 and 7 respectively.

Hence, 1 mol ZnSO₄ : 7 mol H₂O.

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Using the Valence shell electron pair repulsion theory, there are six  electron dense areas in the compound.

According to the valence shell electron pair repulsion theory, the number of electron pairs that surround the valence shell of the central atom of the molecule is the determinant factor of the  shape of the molecule.

Thus, the repulsion between the electron pairs would make  the compound to assume a certain shape as the electrons would be able to maximize the repulsion that does exists between them.

In this case, we have a compound that have a central tom that is surround be six electron pairs that surround the central atom and they are all bond pairs of electron thus we would have six areas of electron density.

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Answer:

Strontium is a chemical element with symbol Sr and atomic number 38. Classified as an alkaline earth metal, Strontium is a solid at room temperature.

Explanation:

A solution is prepared by dissolving sodium benzoate and benzoic acid in water to give a 9 m mol / liter concentration of each compound. The mixture has a pH of 4.21 at 25 °C. the acid dissociation constant of benzoic acid, Ka is 6.1 × 10⁻⁵.

the pH of solution is given as :

pH = pka + log ( [sodium benzoate / benzoic acid])

4.21 = pka + log 1

pka = 4.21

pka = - log ka

ka = 10^- pka

ka = 6.2 × 10⁻⁵

Thus, A solution is prepared by dissolving sodium benzoate and benzoic acid in water to give a 9 m mol / liter concentration of each compound. The mixture has a pH of 4.21 at 25 °C. the acid dissociation constant of benzoic acid, Ka is 6.1 × 10⁻⁵.

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In order to reconstruct Geologic History, geological principles must be used. Some of the principles of Geology used are:

Principle of Superposition: In a given vertical arrangement of undisturbed sedimentary layers of the flow of lava, the oldest layers are usually the first from the bottom up and the youngest are the first from top down. [See Image A]

Horizontality: Usually rock sediments are first deposited in an approximately horizontal manner. Where deformations such as folds and tilts are observed, it is a result of deformation which comes after deposition.

Inclusion: All Inclusions that are not part of the rock formation are deemed to be older that the rock formation.

Metamorphism: A hot magma intrusion "bakes" the somewhat colder surrounding rock. The rock that is cooked during this Contact Metamorphism procedure must be older.

Cross- Cu.tt.ing Relations: If one geological feature cuts over another, the cut feature is older.

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The  typical sequence of events in the scientific method is to define question , make prediction, collect data, analyze data, Experiment, test hypothesis, draw conclusion , report result.

the following are the steps in the scientific method :

1) first step to define a question for the investigation.

2) Then make prediction : do some research related to the question and the study related theories.

3)collect the data : collect all the data from the research .

4) analyze the data

5) experiments : perform the experiments

6) test the hypothesis: accept or reject hypothesis.

7) draw the conclusion

8) report your result.

Thus , The  typical sequence of events in the scientific method is to define question , make prediction, collect data, analyze data, experiments , test hypothesis, draw conclusion , report result.

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Plants absorbs the atmospheric carbon dioxide and use it up for photosynthesis.  Hence, increasing plant biomass reduces the atmospheric carbon dioxide.

Photosynthesis is a biochemical process by which the plants synthesis glucose and energy in leaves using carbon dioxide and water with the aid of light energy.

The pigment chlorophyll is a photoactive substance which absorbs the light energy. Using carbon dioxide and water plants synthesis glucose and oxygen is released in this reaction.

Therefore, as the plant biomass increases, the intake of carbon dioxide by these plants increases, leading to a reduction in the atmospheric carbon  dioxide which is good to decline the effect of global warming also.

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The vapor-pressure lowering, AP, of an aqueous solution is 2.44Torr.

Mole = [tex]\frac{weight}{molecular weight}[/tex]

In a 1.80m (molal) solution, 1 kilogram of the solvent contains 1.80 moles of the solute (which is water in this case).

Water's molar mass is equal to 2(atomic mass of H) + [2(1)+16] (atomic mass of O).

=18g/mol

The mole of water in 1 kilogram (equivalent to 1000 grams)::

[tex]n_{H_{2} O}[/tex]= [tex]\frac{1000}{18g/mol}[/tex] = 55.56mol

The solute's mole fraction in the 1.80 m solution is as follows::

[tex]x_{solute}[/tex] = [tex]\frac{n_{solute} }{n_{H_{2}O }}[/tex]

   ⇒[tex]x_{solute} =[/tex] [tex]\frac{1.80}{55.56}[/tex] = 0.032

a. Sucrose is a non-electrolyte, i.e., it does not undergo dissociation in the aqueous solution.

As a result, the Van't Hoff factor for sucrose is = i = 1

The lowering in vapor pressure of the solution, which is 1.80m in sucrose:

=[tex]ix_{solute}p^{0}[/tex]

=(1)(0.032)(17.54)Torr

=(0.56)Torr

b. Aluminum chloride dissociate in water as follows:

[tex]AlCl_{3}[/tex] →[tex]Al^{3+}+ 3Cl^{-}[/tex]

As a result, an aqueous solution containing one aluminum chloride particle yields four more particles.

Thus, i=4

The lowering in vapor pressure is thus:

=[tex]ix_{solute}p^{0}[/tex]

=(4)(0.032)(17.54)Torr

=(2.24)Torr

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The mass of the Helium that is produced is 860 Kg.

We know that we must first be able to obtain the number of moles of the Helium gas from the ideal gas equation and that is the first step in our solution.

Thus we have;

Volume of the gas = 1.85×10^5 ft3 or 5.23 * 10^6 L

Temperature of the gas =  23 ∘C + 273 = 296 K

Pressure of the gas =  1.0 atm

Number of moles of the gas = ??

Gas constant = 0.082 atmLK-1mol-1

Then;

PV = nRT

P = pressure of the gas

V = volume of the gas

n = Number of moles of the gas

R = gas constant

T = temperature

n = PV/RT

n =  1.0 atm *  5.23 * 10^6 L/0.082 atmLK-1mol-1 * 296 K

n = 5.23 * 10^6/24.27

n = 2.15 * 10^5 moles

Mass of the Helium = 2.15 * 10^5 moles * 4 g/mol = 860 Kg

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The number of moles of F₂ is 0.453 mol

The grams of F₂ are present is 17.21 g

given that :

pressure P = 5.2 atm

volume V = 2.55 L

temperature T = ( 273 + 83 ) = 356 K

using the gas equation , we get

PV = nRT

n = PV / RT

n = ( 5.2 × 2.55 ) / (0.0821 × 356)

n = 13.26 / 29.22

n = 0.453 mol

the mass of F₂ = moles × molar mas

                         = 0.453 × 38

                         = 17.21 g

Thus, The number of moles of F₂ is 0.453 mol

The grams of F₂ are present is 17.21 g

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The elements give off specific color because the energy of shells of different elements are specific.

Electrons when excited jump from a lower energy level to higher energy level. in higher energy level the electron are less stable . so, after some time they return from higher to lower energy level an emit some light of different wavelength of specific colors. The difference in the energy of the shells of the atom are specific. the color of different elements are different because of the light emitted and the wavelength is inversely proportional to energy.

E = hc / λ

Thus, The elements give off specific color because the energy of shells of different elements are specific.

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-18,037.5  are joules are needed to increase the temperature of 150 g of water from 313K to 338 K.

What is joules?

In the International System of Units (SI), a joule is a unit of work or energy equal to the work done by a force of one newton acting through one metre. It is named after the English physicist James Prescott Joule and equals 107 ergs, or about 0.7377 foot-pounds. The joule is equal to one watt-second in electrical terms, which is the amount of energy released in one second by a current of one ampere through a resistance of one ohm.

The distinction between heat and temperature can be difficult to grasp. Heat is essentially the total amount of kinetic energy that a substance's molecules contain, and it is measured in joules (J). Temperature is measured in degrees and is proportional to the average kinetic energy of the individual molecules. When the same quantity of heat is applied to different materials, the temperature rises at varying rates depending on the substance's specific heat capacity. If you know the amount of the substance and its specific heat capacity, you may determine the final temperature.

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Answer: 17.5 %

Write the equation for relative Atomic mass in terms of an ( 'a' being one isotope's mass) and solve for x:

88.7 = [tex]\frac{(a * 88) + ((100 - a) * 92)}{100}[/tex]

8870 = 88*a + 9200 - 92 * a

4*a = 330

a = 82.5

Find the value of b using a,

100 - a = b

100 - 82.5 = b

b = 17.5

So, the % abundance for the isotope with mass number 88 is 82.5% and the % abundance for the isotope with mass number 92 is 17.5% .

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Answer:

In each test, iron(II) sulfate and iron(III) nitrate were combined with the same substance or substances. However, the sulfate and nitrate parts of the compounds didn’t participate in any of the chemical reactions; only the iron ions reacted. Comparing the results for each pair of tests, what can you conclude about the iron(II) and iron(III) ions? i need the answer to it please do this

There are various kind of reaction like combustion reaction, displacement reaction. So to solve this problem we must be knowing the displacement reaction. Displacement reaction is taking place over here

What is displacement reaction?

Displacement reaction is a reaction in which one atom replaces other atom from a molecule on the basis of reactivity strength. The element which on the top of reactivity series displace the element that is lying below to that reactive element

According to our question the balanced equation is

FeSO₄+Zn ZnSO₄+Fe(II)

Fe(NO₃)₂+Zn      Zn(NO₃)₂+Fe(II)

In both reaction Zn is more reactive than Fe(II) and Fe(III) that is why Zn replace or displace iron ion from its compound of sulfate and nitrate. Metal displace metals. anions are displaced by anions. So, here metal is displaced by zinc.

Thus we can conclude that zinc is more reactive than iron Fe(II) and Fe(III). Displacement reaction is taking place over here

Hope this helps!

Explanation:

as the number of shell increased the size of the atom increase but the same shell with different number of valence electron, as electron number increase the attraction between nucleus and valance electron increased then the atom becomes shrinks and so the size of it decreased.

The volume of CO₂ produced at STP when 891.6 grams of C2H6 is burned in excess oxygen gas is 1331.4 liters.

The volume of a gas produced at STP is determined from the mole ratio of the reaction that produces the gas.

The mole ratio of the reaction that produces the gas is obtained from the equation of the reaction.

Considering the given data, the volume of CO₂ produced when  891.6 grams of C2H6 is burned in excess oxygen gas is calculated as follows:

Equation of reaction: 2 C₂H₆ (g) + 7 O₂ (g) → 4 CO₂ (g) + 6 H₂O (g)

2 moles of C₂H₆ when burned in excess oxygen at STP produces 4 moles of CO₂.

The number of moles of C₂H₆ in 891.6 grams is calculated as follows:

Moles = mass / molar mass

The molar mass of C₂H₆ = 30 g/mol

Moles of C₂H₆ in 891.6 g = 891.6 / 30

Moles of C₂H₆ = 29.72 moles

Hence moles of CO₂ produced = 29.72 * 4/2 moles

Volume of 1 mole of CO₂ at STP = 22.4 liters

Volume of CO₂ produced = 29.72 * 4/2 * 22.4

Volume of CO₂produced = 1331.4 liters.

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If we have 37.75 g of S , the number of moles is 1.17 mol.

Given that :

mass of Sulphur , S = 37.75 g

Molar mass of Sulphur , S = 32 g / mol

The number of moles of substances is equals to the ,mass of substance given to the molar mass of that substance.

number of moles = mass / molar mass

number of moles  of sulphur = 37.75 g / 32 g / mol

number of moles of sulphur = 1.17 mol

Thus, If we have 37.75 g of S , the number of moles is 1.17 mol.

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The reaction given below shows a balanced incomplete combustion reaction:

B. 2 C₅H₁₂ + 11 O₂--> 10 CO + 12 H₂O

A combustion reaction is a reaction that involves substances reacting exothermically with oxygen to release large amounts of heat and light energy.

Hydrocarbons are compounds that contain only hydrogen and carbon.

Hydrogen combusts completely in oxygen to produce carbon(iv) oxide and water.

However, the incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons produces carbon (ii) oxide and water instead carbon(iv) oxide and water.

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The IUPAC names of the organic compounds would be as follows:

1. Methanol or 1-Methanol

2. Propan-2-ol or 2-Propanol

3. 2-MethylButane

4. 1-Hexanol

5. 1-Heptanol

In the naming of organic compounds, some fundamental rules come into practice. Some of these rules include:

Following these rules and more, the name of the organic compounds whose structures are shown in the image would be as follows:

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The new volume of the balloon is 26.307L. This can be solved with the help of Charles' law.

What is Charles' law?

According to the Charles' law, the volume of the gas is directly proportional to the temperature at constant pressure.

Here we assume that the pressure is constant in both the cases.

V1/T1 = V2/T2

30.6L/285.15K = V2/245.15K

V2= 26.307L.

Therefore, the new volume at -28 degree Celsius and constant 1 atm pressure is 26.307L according to Charles' law.

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The heat that is released by the 1.39 Kg of pentane is 58518 kJ.

We know that the combustion of pentane is an exothermic reaction because heat is released in the process. We have to look to the  balanced thermochemical reaction equation for the combustion of pentane.

Given that the number of moles of the pentane that is burnt here =  1.39 * 10^3 g/72 g/mol

= 19.3 moles

Now;

If we require 3032 kJ of energy to burn one mole of pentane

If we have 19.3 moles of pentane then we have;

19.3 moles *  3032 kJ/ 1 mole

= 58518 kJ

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The pH of the solutions are as follows:

a. pH = 4.4

b. pH = 0.2

The pH of a solution is a measure of the acidity or basicity of a solution.

The pH is defined as the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration of a substance.

pH = -log [H⁺]

where [H⁺] is the hydrogen ion concentration

The pH of the solutions are as follows:

a.  150.0 ml of a 3.5 x 10⁻⁵ M HNO3.

pH = -log (3.5 x 10⁻⁵)

pH = 4.4

b. 250.0 ml of a 0.63 M solution of HNO2

pH = -log (0.63)

pH = 0.2

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The concentration of the unknown [tex]H_3PO_4[/tex] solution would be 0.0368 M

The equation of the reaction is as follows:

[tex]H3PO_4(aq)+3NaOH(aq)--- > 3H_2O(l)+Na_3PO_4(aq)[/tex]

The mole ratio of the  [tex]H_3PO_4[/tex] solution to the NaOH solution is 1:3.

But 0.140 M, 25.24 mL of NaOH was used.

Recall that: mole = molarity x volume (in Liters)

Mole of 0.140 M, 25.24 mL of NaOH = 0.140 x 25.24/1000

                                                             = 0.0035336 mol

Following the mole ratio, the equivalent mole of [tex]H_3PO_4[/tex] would be:

0.0035336 /3 = 0.00117786666

Recall that: molarity = mol/volume (in Liters)

Molarity of 0.00117786666 mol, 32.00 mL [tex]H_3PO_4[/tex] = 0.00117786666/0.032

                                                                                  = 0.0368 M

In other words, the molarity of the [tex]H_3PO_4[/tex] solution to 3 significant figures is 0.0368 M.

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Starch and cellulose have similar chemical structures, but differ in the orientation of bonds between glucose monomers.

Starch is glucose polymer in which repeating unit are connect by alpha bond and all the repeating unit are direct in one direction. starch is present in foods. it is less crystalline.

Cellulose is also a glucose polymer but cellulose units can be rotated around the axis of backbone of glucose polymer. cellulose is natural organic compound. glucose if formed by the combination of carbon, hydrogen , oxygen , .

Thus, Starch and cellulose have similar chemical structures, but differ in the orientation of bonds between glucose monomers

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Answer:

True.

Explanation:

Reactivity of these elements as follow

Calcium > Magnesium > Beryllium

What is valance electron?

A valence electron is an electron connected with an atom and capable of participating in the formation of a chemical bond; in a single covalent connection, both atoms contribute one valence electron to form a shared pair. The existence of valence electrons can affect the element's chemical characteristics and ability to bind with other elements: a valence electron can only be in the outermost electron shell of a main group element.

The valence shell, also known as the valence orbital, is the orbital found in the atom's outermost area. These valence shells contain electrons known as valence electrons, which are responsible for the chemical process. When one electron is withdrawn or added to this valence shell, the basic goal is to complete the element's octet.

The elements beryllium (Be), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), have two electrons in their valence shells, giving them an oxidation state of +2

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The solution of 12.0 M HCl and to prepare 300 mL of a 0.6 M solution , the initial volume is 0.015 L.

given that :

Molarity M1 = 12.0 M

volume V1 = ?

Molarity M2 = 0.6 M

Volume V2 = 300 mL = 0.3 L

The dilution law is given as :

M1 V1 = M2 V2

12.0 × V1 = 0.6 × 0.3 L

V1 = 0.18 / 12

V1 = 0.015 L

Thus, The solution of 12.0 M HCl and to prepare 300 mL of a 0.6 M solution , the initial volume is 0.015 L.

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