what scientist determine the rule that A always pairs with T and C alway pairs with G

Answers

Answer 1

Explanation:

These base pair relationships are often called Chargaff's rules of DNA base pairing, named after the Columbia University scientists who observed that there are equal molar concentration of A & T, as well as G & C in most DNA molecules.

Answer 2

Answer:

Erwin Chargaff

Explanation:

Erwin Chargaff found that in DNA, the ratios of adenine (A) to thymine (T) and guanine (G) to cytosine (C) are equal.

(dnalc.cshl.edu)


Related Questions

Which of the following species type, if removed would alter the ecosystem drastically?


Invasive Species

Keystone Species

Native Species

None of the above

Answers

native species ??………..

What are the descriptions of Domain Archaea, Domain Bacteria, and Domain Eukarya

Answers

Answer:

the death of cells which occurs as a normal and controlled part of an organism's growth or development.

Explanation:

Which is a possible consequence of decreasing air quality resulting from global warming?

drying out of fertile lands

flooding of low-lying coastal areas

melting of glaciers and polar ice caps

decrease in population due to health threats

Answers

Answer:

Melting of glaciers and ice caps.

Explanation:

Global warming increases greenhouse gasses increasing heat, obvi. So that will cause the glaciers to melt. and with out glaciers there is no cold water without could water there is no convection current without convection current there are isnoway to move nutrients.

One of the possible consequences of decreasing air quality resulting from global warming is melting of glaciers and polar ice caps.

What is global warming?

The term global warming has to do with the gradual rise in the temperature of the earth owing to the release of harmfull greehouse gases into the envionment.

One of the possible consequences of decreasing air quality resulting from global warming is melting of glaciers and polar ice caps.

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Describe two specific ways you plan to keep your heart healthy? please make it in your own words. I will give brainliest.

Answers

Answer:

1. to eat healthy food and drink lot's of water.

2. quit smoking and stay away from second hand smoke.

Explanation:

In the biogeochemical cycle for carbon, the same atoms of this element are moved and recycled around the planet through which spheres of earth?



A.Biosphere and geosphere


B.Biosphere, hydrosphere, and geosphere


C.Atmosphere and cryosphere


D.Atmosphere, biosphere, geosphere, and hydrosphere

Answers

Answer:

I think the answer is D. Atmosphere, biosphere, geosphere, and hydrosphere

Hope you have a good day :D

In the Biogeochemical cycle for carbon, the same atoms of this elements are moved and recycled around the planet through the Atmosphere, biosphere, geosphere, and Hydrosphere. Hence answer is option D.

Biogeochemical Cycle

The term biogeochemical cycle is related the circulation of essential matters like biological, geological, and chemical matters from abiotic to biotic components and vice versa.

These are the cycle of carbon elements which moved and recycled through atmosphere, biosphere, geosphere, and hydrosphere. Hence the correct option is D.

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Which characteristic do all protists have?

They all make or consume food.
They all survive in any environment.
They are all unicellular.
They all have flagella.

Answers

Answer: They all survive in any environment.

Explanation: Protists have the ability to survive in any environment, even extreme environment. They can live in the ocean, desert or extremely hot environment, or even a extremely cold environment.

I'll explain why the others aren't correct.

Protists can be both unicellular and multicellular, they're not always unicellular. Kingdom Protista contains all eukaryotics, so they're not always unicelluar.

Protist cannot make or consume food. Animals consume food, and plants make food, not protista. Yes they're many plant-like protists out there, such as algae, they get their food from the sun above. So all protists cannot make or consume food.

Protist does have flagella, but not all protists. Protists that are motile and generate movement have flagella, meaning they move. Not all protist move, like plants can't move. So, not all protists have flagella, meaning they can move.

Let me know if you have any questions.

                                                                                           Sincerely, Lily :)

What is Endosymbiotic Theory ?
How does it explain Eukaryotic Cells?
What evidence do scientists have to support this theory ?
Based on the video of the amoeba sisters.

Answers

Answer:

1.States that organelles such as chloroplasts and mitochondria were once free-living prokaryotes which eventually lived symbiotically within larger cells, forming modern day eukaryotes.

2.Eukaryote, any cell or organism that possesses a clearly defined nucleus. The eukaryotic cell has a nuclear membrane that surrounds the nucleus, in which the well-defined chromosomes (bodies containing the hereditary material) are located.

If you took DNA samples from two strangers on a street, how similar would
their DNA be?
A. 100% the same
B. 95.5% the same
C. 99.9% the same
D. 90.0% the same

Answers

If one took DNA samples from two strangers on a street, the two DNA samples will be 99.9% the same (option C).

What is DNA?

DNA is the part of a living organism that carries or stores genetic information.

The DNA molecule is made up of four nucleotide bases namely;

AdenineGuanineCytosineThymine

However, the DNA of every living organism is the same with the difference lying in the arrangement of the nucleotide sequence.

Therefore, if one took DNA samples from two strangers on a street, the two DNA samples will be 99.9% the same.

The 0.1% difference is attributed to the mutations that might have occured in the genome.

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explain the relationship between structure and function for proteins include the term denaturation in your explanation name one secondary structure of protein. PLS HELP​

Answers

Answer:

yeah

Explanation:

the mean fuction is that it transport engry in the body and around the whole part of the bosy

claim these 5 points.

Answers

Answer:

thx could i have brainliest

Explanation:

woooh thankkksssanannaa

Define cellular respiration ​

Answers

Answer:

Cellular respiration, the process by which organisms combine oxygen with foodstuff molecules, diverting the chemical energy in these substances into life-sustaining activities and discarding, as waste products, carbon dioxide and water.

Explanation:

thanks me later

Explanation:

Cellular respiration, the process by which organisms combine oxygen with foodstuff molecules, diverting the chemical energy in these substances into life-sustaining activities and discarding, as waste products, carbon dioxide and water.

ANWSER ASAP 20 POINTS!!!1 RIGHT AWNSER GET BRAINLIEST
Which of these statements best explains how natural selection provides evidence to the scientific theory of evolution? (4 points)

It shows how organisms choose to adapt to changing Earth conditions.

It proves that natural selection always leads to greater complexity in organisms.

It shows how organisms with perfect traits can be created to suit the environment.

It proves that some organisms with specific adaptations survive better than others.

Answers

Answer:

It's either the 3rd or 4th one.

Explanation:

Evolution is change in the heritable characteristics of biological populations over successive generations. These characteristics are the expressions of genes that are passed on from parent to offspring during reproduction.

D.

Organisms can’t choose. Nature choose it when talking about natural selection.
Nothing is support it about being more complex.
Not everything is perfect.

Type of democracy where citizens elect leaders to represent them in government dictatorship representative democracy oligarchy anarchy

Answers

Answer:

representative democracy

Explanation:

Democracy can be defined as a government of the people, by the people and for the people.

There are two (2) main types of democracy and these include;

I. Representative democracy: it's also known as indirect democracy and can be defined as a form of government which typically involves the process of having the citizens of a particular country vote to elect representatives (political leaders) to enact laws, create policies and make decisions on their behalf.

Hence, representative democracy is a type of democracy where citizens elect leaders to represent them in government.

II. Direct democracy: it can be defined as a process which typically involves the candidates voting for their preferred choice. Thus, their choices are reflected directly on the subject matter.

Generally, the type of government in which legislators such as senators or house of representative members are found is known as a democracy and they are saddled with the responsibility of enacting or making laws.

Help please ill mark brainliest!

Answers

Answer:

DNA

Explanation:

there's my answer hopes it helps you out :)have a great day
DNAAAAAAAAAAAAA your welcome

PLEASE HELP!!

Why did the food coloring not move into the egg that was placed in the base? *

Because the egg shell was still strong

Because the egg shell got weaker

Because diffusion happened

Because the food color disappeared


Why did the food coloring move into the egg placed in acid? *


Because the egg shell was still strong

Because the egg shell got weaker

Because diffusion did not happen

Because the food color disappeared

Answers

Answer:

Because the egg shell was still strong

this is total number of genes of every individual in an interbreeding population

Answers

Answer:

Gene pools are the total number of genes of every individual in an interbreeding population; contains variations in genes, the relative gene frequencies, and also the allele frequencies.Explanation:

Answer:

Explanation:

Gene pools are the total number of genes of every individual in an interbreeding population; contains variations in genes, the relative gene frequencies, and also the allele frequencies.

Which property of water is the result of hydrogen bonds?

A)polarity of water molecules

B)high specific heat

C)low boiling point

D)no cohesion among water molecules

Answers

Answer:

A) polarity of water molecules (not sure)

An animal jaw that has small incisors and canines but wide premolars and molars may belong to a _____. a. beaver c. horse b. dolphin d. wolf

Answers

An animal jaw that has small incisors and canines but wide premolars and molars may belong to a horse

There is less need for canines and incisors in herbivorous animals as it is mainly used to tear the flesh. Herbivorous animals mainly have developed premolars and molars to grind the grass properly. Horse has small incisors and canines but wide premolars and molars.

What are the different types of teeth?

Teeth are usually covered with a hard substance called enamel which helps them to be strong. Its color is slightly yellow.

Teeth are of four types. Namely:

Incisor: These are located at the front and are used to cut the food.Canine: These are at the sides of incisors and are generally used for tearing the flesh. pre-molars: These are present near the corner of the jaw before molars and are used to grind.Molars: these are at the corner of the jaw and are also used for grinding food.

Canines are well developed in carnivorous animals as they need to tear the flesh. But in the case of herbivores, these are comparatively smaller.

Thus, an animal jaw that has small incisors and canines but wide premolars and molars may belong to a horse.

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What could cause the differences in the amino acids sequences for these proteins in different organisms?

Answers

of the mouse sequence to compare. PLANT soybean ... What patterns are there in amino acid sequences from different organisms? ... When three of these proteins come together, they form a ring that wraps around a.

The reason of differences in the amino acids sequences with respect to the  proteins in different organisms should be because of the sequence.

Reason of differences in the amino acids:

The protein should be comprise of the polypeptide backbone along with the chains that are attached.

Each and every type of the protein should differed in the form of sequence and the no of amino acids.

Also, it does have the sequence of the chemically distinct side chains.

Therefore, in this way it have the difference.

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How does the ozone layer impact life on Earth?

a)
The ozone layer hole is the main reason for climate change

b)
It filters out harmful UV radiation from the sunlight

c)
It magnifies sunlight causing sunburn

d)
Aerosol cans still contain CFC's that thin the ozone

Answers

Answer:

It's 100% B

Explanation:

I just know it!!

A vaccine is a substance that contains all or part of a noninfectious version of a disease-causing organism. When the vaccine is administered to a person, the person's immune system attacks the noninfectious version of the organism and learns to recognize its surface proteins. The next time the immune system comes in contact with the same surface proteins, it has a defense already prepared in order to respond quickly to the invading organism. In this way, a vaccine gives people immunity to the disease-causing organism.Vaccines can be life-saving, but there have been a few cases of people catching a disease from the administered vaccine.How might genetically engineered organisms solve this problem?

Answers

Answer:

GMOs can be used to produce cheaper, easier to administer, and safer vaccines

Explanation:

Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are organisms whose genomes have been altered in the laboratory by using genome engineering techniques. These GMOs have a fundamental role in clinical research and they have been increasingly used in the last decades for developing safer and cheaper vaccines. For example, ​genetically engineered hepatitis B vaccines have been developed with recombinant DNA techniques using genetically modified yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). Moreover, GMO plants are nowadays also being used to develop consumable vaccines which can be orally administered to be absorbed and assimilated through digestion.

Which of the following is true of passive continental margins?
A. They generally have a deep trench.
B. They always have a subduction zone.
C. They have a continental rise.
D. Crust is destroyedut their boundary.

Answers

Answer:

C. They have a continental rise.

Explanation:

A passive continental margin has a continental rise.

What is a passive continental margin?

A passive margin is a transition between the continental and oceanic lithosphere that was originally generated by rifting. It is not associated with a plate boundary.

How is it created?

Sedimentation generates a passive edge over an ancient rift, which is now characterized by transitional lithosphere. New ocean basins are formed as a result of continental rifting.

What are the features constituting a passive continental margin?

The features include:

the continental shelfthe continental slopethe continental rise.

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Which is the BEST example of an organism using behavior to maintain homeostasis?
AO A chameleon's skin becomes green when it sits on a leaf.
B
An alewife turns when other members of its school turn.
C
A snake moves from a sunny area to a shady area to cool down.
D. An elephant uses low-frequency sound waves to find its herd.

Answers

C

A snake moves from a sunny area to a shady area to cool down.

Homeostasis is a process to regulate and maintain the temperature and internal body environment. A snake moving from a sunny to a shady region to cool down is behavioral homeostasis. Thus, option C is correct.

What is homeostasis?

Homeostasis has been defined as the process that maintains the relative equilibrium temperature of an internal environment so as to regulate physiological processes.  They are essential for maintaining optimal functioning.

A snake shows behavioral homeostasis when it moves from a sunny area to a shade region so as to cool its body temperature. The mode of temperature regulation is behavioral homeostasis which regulates the body temperature.

Therefore, option C. the snake moving to a shady area from a sunny area is behavioral homeostasis.

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PLEASE SELECT ALL THAT. APPLY!!!!

Answers

Answer:

Stem cells are unspecialized, can divide and renew themselves for long periods of time, and can be induced to become differentiated cells with specialized functions.

Explanation:

a type of soil formed due to deposition in river beds​

Answers

Answer:

Hey mate.....

Explanation:

This is ur answer....

The soil formed by the deposition of silt brought by rivers is Alluvial soil. Alluvial soil is the main and important soil that spreads across the river plains. They are formed by deposition of materials or sediments (alluvium) brought in down by rivers that consist of silt, sand, clay, etc.

Hope it helps you,

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what type of reaction is KI+Pb(NO3)2--->PbI2+KNO3

Answers

Answer: The reaction is an example of a metathesis reaction, which involves the exchange of ions between the Pb(NO3)2 and KI. The Pb+2 ends up going after the I- resulting in the formation of PbI2, and the K+ ends up combining with the NO3- forming KNO3.

Explanation:

.
In which of the following scenarios is chemical energy is transformed into thermal energy?

A squirrel uses the energy in seeds to build structures in its body

A tree captures sunlight to produce the sugars it uses for food

A fish is able to swim using the energy it gets from eating plants

A lion’s temperature increases as it uses the energy it gets from its prey

Answers

Answer:

A.

Explanation:

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells are:

Answers

Answer:

I think it's the first one

in 1 paragraph please explain if you would or would not take the vaccine

Answers

Answer:

I probably would

Explanation:

So I do not get cobid nine teen and spread it too my family

Differentiate between the layers of the Earth based upon physical properties AND explain the flow of heat within and between the layers of the Earth.

Answers

Answer:

The Earth can be divided into 5 main layers according to their physical properties: the lithosphere (most superficial layer of the Earth: rigid and cold), the asthenosphere (Second most superficial layer of the Earth: soft and ductile), the mesosphere or lower mantle ( Middle layer of the Earth: rigid and hot, able to flow gradually), the outer core (Second innermost layer of the Earth: liquid) and the inner core (innermost layer of the Earth: solid). The flow of heat inside the Earth will depend on the temperature and the characteristics of the material. The crust behaves like a solid and has relatively low temperatures. The mantle behaves like a fluid and since convection is much more efficient in this case, that is the main means of transport, even though the relatively high temperatures make it possible for energy to also be transported by means of radiation.

Explanation:

As you descend into the Earth's interior, the temperature, pressure, and density of the rocks gradually increase. The Earth can be divided into five main regions based on its physical properties (temperature and pressure) and according to its mechanical resistance: lithosphere the chemical composition of this layer is notably different, it also acts as a unit that shows a rigid behavior (not can be bent), mainly because it is cold and consequently resistant, asthenosphere located in the upper mantle (at a depth of about 660 km), there is a comparatively plastic soft layer, mesosphere (lower mantle) more rigid layer and it is because as the pressure increases, it counteracts the effects of the higher temperature and the resistance of the rocks increases gradually with depth. Despite their resistance, the rocks of the mesosphere are still very hot and are able to flow in a very gradual way, the outer core is a 2270 km thick liquid layer. The convective currents of iron in this area are those that generate the Earth's magnetic field and the inner core of the material is more resistant than the outer core (due to the enormous pressure to which it is subjected) and behaves like a solid. When penetrating the crust of the Earth a change in temperature is observed, in general it increases; this variation in temperature with depth is called a geothermal gradient. The heat flux on the Earth's surface is calculated as the product of the geothermal gradient and the thermal conductivity of the rocks, these two parameters being directly determined. The Earth is basically made up of three concentric layers: the innermost core has a composition of cast iron at a temperature of over 4,000 ºC; the mantle that is the intermediate layer formed by iron and magnesium silicates and its temperature varies from 4,000 ºC in its contact with the core to 800-1000 ºC of its outer surface that contacts the crust that is the most superficial layer and visible by man. This crust has a variable thickness of 5 to 35 km and is made up of aluminum and magnesium silicates, its temperature varying between 800-1000 ºC of contact with the mantle and 15-20 ºC of the surface that we know.

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