The chlorine (cl-) will flow from higher concentration to lower concentration, that is from 560 mm towards the 100 mm direction.
Concentration gradient is more important in cellular metabolism. They maintain the solute solvent interaction properly.
To maintain a stable concentration, the cell attains an equilibrium of solute solvent. That is they flow from higher concentration to lower concentration to maintain an equilibrium.
Chloride ions (Cl−) are pivotal in neuronal signaling; they permeate through anion channels thereby regulating membrane potential and excitability in neurons. A large proportion of Cl− permeable channels are gated by the neurotransmitters GABA and glycine.
Neurotransmitters are signaling molecules that flow from one cell receptor to another to transfer signals to other cells and tissues of the body. Therefore, to maintain equilibrium, the cl- ion will flow from higher concentration to lower concentration.
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List three factors that affect climate and tell what conditions they modify
The three factors that affect climate include the following below:
Ocean currents.Wind and air masses.Altitude.What is Climate?This is referred to as the atmospheric condition of a place in a long time and is affected by different types of factors such as ocean currents, altitude etc.
The ocean current is responsible for the distribution of heat and moisture all around the world. It can also store radiations from the sun which helps prevents its uneven distribution.
Wind and air masses are also among the factors because they are involved in the movement of a weather pattern such as heat etc from one place to another. People living in areas which have a high altitude means they have a very cold climate due to the presence of low air pressure.
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red-green color blindness is caused by a sex-linked recessive allele. a colorblind man marries a woman with normal vision whose father was color-blind. what is the probability that they will have a color-blind daughter?
Of all the girls, we have a 50% chance that they be color-blind. Of all the child, there is a 50% chance of having normal vision.
What is the probability that both carrier parents of sickle cell anemia will have a color-blind daughter?A marriage between a colorblind man and a normal woman produces all carrier daughters who are carrier and normal sons. If male is colorblind and the mother is normal then there is 50% chance to produce the colorblind disease.
Males only have 1 X chromosome from their mother and if that X chromosome has the gene for red-green color blindness then they will have red-green color blindness. Females have 2 X chromosomes in which one is from their mother and one from their father.
Genetic red-green color blindness affects males more than females because the genes for the red and green color receptors are located on the X chromosome that males have only one and females have two.
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what is the main function of transcription factors? group of answer choices they compose the spliceosome which facilitates mrna splicing to facilitate binding of rna polymerase to the promoter to break the hydrogen bonds in dna and allow rna nucleotides to pair to facilitate the termination of the mrna transcript
Option B. to facilitate the binding of RNA polymerase to the promoter is the main function of transcription factors.
Transcription factors are proteins involved in the process of converting, or transcribing, DNA into RNA. Transcription factors consist of an extensive variety of proteins, apart from RNA polymerase, that provokes and adjust the transcription of genes.
The overall transcription element complex TFIID plays a key role in the initiation of transcription in eukaryotic cells. It capabilities through binding a component protein, TBP, to the 'TATA box' series upstream of the beginning of transcription.
The spliceosome splices out the non-coding introns from the number one mRNA transcript and stitches the exons again together into the mature mRNA transcript.
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in horses, crossing a chestnut brown horse with a creamy white horse can result in a palomino horse that is light brown in color (see below). this is an example of:
Example is Incomplete dominance leads to the inheritance of the palomino coat color in horses.
How does incomplete dominance differ from codominance?There are two different types of genetic inheritance: full dominance and codominance. Codominance basically means that neither allele is able to suppress or obstruct the expression of the other allele. However, incomplete dominance occurs when a dominant allele only partially obscures the effects of a recessive gene.
How can you determine if something has partial dominance?When a dominant allele, or form of a gene, does not entirely block the effects of a recessive allele, the resultant physical appearance of the organism reveals a mixing of both alleles. It is also referred to as partial or semi-dominance.
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how was stone tool technology important to homo evolution? discuss one physical change or one cultural change in either homo habilis or homo erectus that was enabled by tool use.
Early human creations, such as stone tools and other artefacts, provide evidence of how they lived, interacted mostly with their environment, and changed over time.
Early stone tools, now called as the Oldowan Industrial Complex, were made and used by habilis. These were pebble cores having rough flaking struck off, making "choppers," whose pointed edge was perfect for butchering, chopping, and scraping off flesh from bones.
Many people believe that the earliest Homo species, like Homo habilis, credited with inventing the first basic (Oldowan) stone tools. However, when Homo erectus first showed up in Africa 1.8–1.7 million years ago, a fresh stone tool technology known as the Acheulian, mostly with purposefully moulded large cutting tools like handaxes, emerged.
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a heterozygous brown rabbit is crossed with a homozygous white rabbit. what percentage of the offspring would be white?
50 % percentage of the offspring would be white This is a test cross,
A test cross is , a cross between heterozygous individual is crossed with homozygous recessive trait.
Taken,
heterozygous rabbit - Bb ( brown)
homozygous rabbit - bb ( white )
when we cross the heterozygous brown rabbit with homozygous white,
Bb X bb - PARENTS
the gametes are - B b b b
offspring - Bb Bb bb bb
The results are 50 % heterozygous brown ( Bb) and 50% white (bb)
therefore, 50 % percentage of the offspring would be white.
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you are a cat breeder who suspects that the genes controlling paw color and fur length are linked, with white paws and short fur being dominant. to test this, you have developed a pure-breeding line of white pawed, short fur cats, and another pure-breeding line of dark pawed, long fur cats. what cross should you do to test whether the genes are linked?
Cross the two pure-breeding lines together to form a dihybrid individual. Then test cross this individual to the dark pawed, long fur cat.
Animal breeding is a branch of animal science that addresses the assessment of the genetic fee of cattle. Choosing for breeding animals with superior EBV in growth price, egg, meat, milk, or wool manufacturing, or with different acceptable developments has revolutionized cattle manufacturing all through the entire global.
Animal breeding performs an vital part in progressing animal production systems, from traditional to organics. By means of improving the skills of animals for certain tendencies whole populations may be better, creating blessings for farmers, customers, and the surroundings.
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how do ionizing radiation, ultraviolet radiation, and visible light harm microorganisms? how do microorganisms protect themselves against damage from uv and visible light?
Microorganism protect themselves against harmful UV light and visible light by using Iron minerals around themselves.
The iron minerals have unique properties in that they block damaging UV radiation while yet allowing organisms to utilise the portion of sunlight required for photosynthesis. UV rays kill cells by damaging their DNA. Two molecules of thymine, one of the bases that makes up DNA, react when exposed to light. The thymine dimer that results is extremely stable. The cell cannot perform its usual tasks if cellular processes are interfered as a result of an inadequate repair or unrepaired damage of thymine dimer.
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Microorganisms use the iron minerals in their surroundings to shield them from damaging UV and visible light.
In the presence of sunshine, some bacteria that require light may consume dissolved iron and perform photosynthesis. However, they did not emit oxygen throughout the process, unlike modern green plants. Rust and other iron minerals are waste products of the process. Because the iron minerals absorb the damaging UV radiation, organisms may still utilize the portion of sunlight required for photosynthesis. Compared to today's seas, the quantity of iron needed to create the minerals was far higher.
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1. how fast was the population of america growing and what were the sources of its population growth?
The population of America is growing very fast. Increasing immigration and high fertility were both contributing to America's population growth. The birth rate, death rate, and migration are the three variables that affect population change.
Cities arose as a result of the enormous workforces needed by industrial companies and the necessity for housing for both the employees' families and themselves. Millions of immigrants came to the United States in search of employment and a better life in factories and cities.
Death rates have dropped as a result of technology, medicine, and diet. Rapid population growth is the term used to describe the aggressive population growth brought on by higher birth rates and lower mortality rates. The availability of food, water, energy, and trustworthy medical care, as well as industrialisation, are other causes.
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Which of the following best demonstrates light being transmitted? A) a person seeing themselves in a mirror B) a fish appearing to be in a different location then they really are from the surface of the water C) black cement heating up on a hot day D) looking out a window on a summer day
Answer:
a) a person seeing themselfs in a mirror
Explanation:
Meiosis is important because it keeps the number of chromosomes constant within a species. True or false?.
Answer:
true
Explanation:
Meiosis halves the number of chromosomes, so out gametes are haploid. During fertilization, the zygote ends up with the "original" number od chromosomes.
you have chosen to study the genetics of snapdragon flower color. true-breeding red-flowered plants crossed with true-breeding white-flowered plants generate all pink-flowered f1 offspring. when the f1 offspring are crossed, you get the following numbers of f2 offspring: 24 red, 54 pink, and 22 white. you interpret this inheritance pattern as
The pattern of genetics in snapdragon flower color is that of incomplete dominance.
When a true breeding red flowering plant (RR) crosses with a true breeding white flowering plant (RR), the resultant plant is heterozygous (Rr) and has pink flowers. One allele does not override the effects of the other, and neither characteristic predominates over the other. Because of this, the phenotypic outcome is a combination of the two phenotypes, resulting in plants with pink flowers (a third different phenotype). As a result, it is a type of intermediate inheritance.
However, no genuine blending of alleles or genetic material is visible—only blending of phenotypes. As a result, it cannot be argued that inheritance is being blended. This phenomenon is also known as intermediate dominance.
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why didn't any of queen victoria of england's daughters have hemophilia? it is inherited as a sex-linked disorder.
Because King Edward VII, the son of Queen Victoria, inherited her healthy X chromosome and lacked hemophilia. He therefore didn't have a mutated gene to pass on to his offspring.
What is Hemophilia?
An genetic bleeding ailment called hemophilia causes the blood to clot improperly. This may result in both spontaneous bleeding and bleeding after injury or surgery. Blood contains a variety of clotting proteins that can aid in halting bleeding.
What is the cause of Hemophilia?
One affected X chromosome in a female makes her a carrier of hemophilia. A female hemophilia carrier may occasionally exhibit hemophilia symptoms. Additionally, she can pass on to her offspring the X chromosome with the mutated clotting factor gene.
Therefore, the daughters of Queen Victoria of England does not have hemophilia
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Please halp moi x3
You are visiting family in Tennessee. One morning, the weather is warm and humid.
Which type of air mass is most likely causing this weather?
continental tropical
continental polar
maritime tropical
maritime polar
Answer:
Continental tropical
Explanation:
Tennessee is a landlocked state, so it isn't a maritime air mass.
HELPPPPPPPPP (IMAGE INCLUDED)
Answer:
There are 3 oxygen atoms on the product side and 3 oxygen atoms on the reactants side.
Explanation:
On the reactant side the Oxygen atom has a subscript (the little number) of 3 but because it has NO coefficient than there is 3 atoms present.
On the product side the first Oxygen atom is by itself no subscript and no coefficient so there is only one but then the second Oxygen atom has a subscript of 2 but no coefficient so there is only 2 so in total there are 3 atoms on the product side.
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which of the following is not true of koch's postulates? group of answer choices it requires isolation of the causative agent it can be applied to fastidious organisms it requires inoculation into a healthy, but susceptible host the suspected causative agent must be present in every case of the disease
Option B. it can be applied to fastidious organisms but is not true of Koch's postulates.
Koch's postulates are four criteria designed to set up a causal dating among a microbe and an ailment. The postulates were formulated by using Robert Koch and Friedrich Loeffler in 1884, based on in advance ideas defined via Jakob Henle, and delicate and posted with the aid of Koch in 1890.
Robert Koch's postulates, posted in 1890, are fixed criteria that set up whether a particular organism is the purpose of a particular disorder. nowadays, Koch's postulates are taught in excessive school and college classrooms as an indication of the rigor and legitimacy of clinical microbiology.
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Organisms in a lake can survive long, cold winters because ice forms a layer of insulation at the top of the lake. What characteristic of water makes this possible?.
Because of the insulation provided by the ice that forms on the lake's surface and the fact that frozen water expands and becomes less dense, organisms in lakes can withstand long, cold winters.
What are an example and an organism?A living creature that has an organized structure, is capable of responding to stimuli, can reproduce, develop, adapt, and preserve homeostasis is referred to as an organism. Therefore, every animal, plant, fungus, protist, bacterium, or archaeon found on Earth would be considered an organism.
What kind of organism is the best example?Organisms are unique forms of life. For instance, every tree in a forest is a living thing. The terms "microorganisms" are often used to refer to single-celled prokaryotes and eukaryotes .
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What adaptations of the wild yak enable it to survive in the alpine biome? (site 1)
On the analysis of the body structure of wild yak, we got that dense and wooly coats, specially amended feet, horns to dig for food are the major reasons due to that wild yak able to survive in the alpine biome.
The alpine biome is one of coldest biomes on the planet, it is generally because of the high altitudes. The summer temperature varies between -12 to 10 degree Celsius, and the average precipitation in biome is about 30 cm in a year.
The animals which lives in this region, adapt to the cold by simply migrating to warmer regions, hibernating, or insulating their bodies with the help of the fat and fur layers, their bodies seems to possess shorter tails, legs, and ears, in order to minimize the loss of heat.
Hence, the reason behind the wild yak able to survive in the alpine biome is its dense and wooly coats, specially amended feet, horns to dig for food.
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what nerve stimulates the masseter and temporalis muscles to elevate the mandible during mastication and swallowing?
The mandible is raised during digestion and swallowing thanks to the Trigeminal Nerve's stimulation of the masseter muscles.
What causes a swallowing problem?a disease that affects your neurological system, such as dementia, multiple sclerosis, head injuries, or stroke. cancer, such as oesophageal or mouth cancer. Stomach reflux disease (GORD) is characterized by oesophageal reflux of stomach acid.
How do you fix swallowing problems?Consider taking shorter, more frequent meals. Eat less slowly, thoroughly digest your meal, then cut it into small pieces. There really are similar products that thickening drinks if you have problems swallowing liquids. experimenting with different food textures to find which ones make you feel more uncomfortable.
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how does interphase prepare cells for mitosis?rest prior to cell divisiongrowth of cell and replication of dnadissolution of nucleus and cell membranedivision of cytoplasm
During interphase the cell grows in size and DNA replicates itself.
A cell prepares for cell division during the interphase, which is its resting or metabolic phase. The interphase period is when the cell gets ready for mitosis. This is accomplished by multiplying the cell's DNA and enlarging the cell. A typical cell spends the majority of its time during cell division in interphase, which is the phase of the cell cycle. The metabolic or "everyday life" phase of the cell is known as the interphase, during which the cell develops, repeats its DNA in order to be ready for mitosis, and does other "typical" cell operations.
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juan studies for his biology class each day. he generally reviews material covered previously as well as the new material. he does this instead of cramming the night before the test and finds he has better retention and does better on the exams. which technique is juan using?
Juan is using Ebbinghaus' retention curve technique.
The reduction in memory retention over time is predicted by the forgetting curve, also known as Ebbinghaus' retention curve. This curve illustrates how information deteriorates over time when no effort is made to keep it. The strength of memory is a related idea that describes how long memory traces last in the brain. It demonstrates how learnt knowledge gradually fades from our minds unless we take steps to keep it there. For instance, if your company has 10 customers at the beginning of the year and loses two of them, your retention rate is 80%.
Three different methods—recall, recognition, and relearning—are used by researchers to gauge forgetting and retention.
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a person with a severe head injury subsequently acts irresponsibly, does not seem to be able to plan effectively, and is easy to anger. which of the following brain areas is most likely injured? responses cerebellum cerebellum hypothalamus hypothalamus parietal lobe parietal lobe frontal lobe frontal lobe corpus callosum
how does a homozygous round seed plant differ from a heterozygous round seed plant in the f2 generation?
A homozygous round seed in the f2 generation has the same pair of alleles and a heterozygous one has two different alleles.
Humans have two sets of Chromosomes. Allelic pairs are categorized using the terms homozygous and heterozygous. Homozygous individuals are those who have two copies of the same allele (RR or rr). While heterozygote refers to a particular organism with different alleles (Rr).
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Which representation would show the organization of life from simplest to the most complex?
Heart muscle cells, heart muscle tissue, heart, circulatory system.
Circulatory system, heart tissue, heart cells.
Circulatory system, heart muscle cells, heart muscle tissue.
Heart muscle tissue, circulatory system, heart muscle cells.
Answer:
Heart muscle cells, heart muscle tissue, heart, circulatory system.
Explanation:
I took the test
Why does the process shown in the diagram only occur in plants and certain bacteria and protists?
This process only occur in plants and certain bacteria and protists because plants have chloroplasts with pigment that absorbs sunlight, while humans do not. So the correct option is C. plants have chloroplasts with pigment that absorbs sunlight, while humans do not.
What are chloroplasts?Chloroplasts are organelles found in plants, bacteria and protists which are responsible for photosynthesis. This process will convert light energy into chemical energy such as chlorophyll.
After forming chlorophyll, it absorbs light to be able to carry out photosynthesis and to be able to form ATP and reducing molecules such as NADPH to be able to give energy to the cell to form organic molecules to be able to feed.
Therefore, we can confirm that the correct option is C. plants have chloroplasts with pigment that absorbs sunlight, while humans do not.
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a golf course superintendent discovered the apparent mutation that was subsequently marketed as merion kentucky bluegrass. True or False
The statement that a golf course superintendent discovered the apparent mutation that was subsequently marketed as Merion Kentucky bluegrass is True.
What is the origin of Merion Kentucky bluegrass?Kentucky bluegrass development began with Joe Valentine, the superintendent in Merion Golf club in Pennsylvania discovered the mutation of a large patch of bluegrass. It was found that the patch performed better than the common grass types found on other parts of the course.
It was later marketed with the name of the golf club. Merion Kentucky bluegrass is also known as soft meadow grass or common meadow grass.
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Chloroplasts and mitochondria are both involved in energy conversion in cells. Select the other similarities they share. Choose ALL that apply.
Responses
A contain DNAcontain DNA
B surrounded by a double membranesurrounded by a double membrane
C contain thylakoidscontain thylakoids
D found in ALL cellsfound in ALL cells
E contain ribosomes
The similarities between chloroplasts and mitochondria are: (A) contain DNA; (B) surrounded by a double membrane; (E) contain ribosomes.
Chloroplasts are the cell organelles only present in plant cells. They contain specialized pigment called chlorophyll. Chloroplasts are the double membranous cell organelle with an inner thylakoid that are stacked together like a coin, This structure is called grana.
Mitochondria is also a double membranous cell organelle. The inner membrane of mitochondria is highly folded into finger like projection called cristae. These cristae function to increase the surface area of the mitochondria so that more and more production of energy can take place.
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A person who is homozygous for type a blood and a person who is homozygous for type b blood will have offspring with type ab blood. What relationship exists between the a and b alleles?.
The association that exists between the a and b alleles is called codominance. A genetic phenomenon known as codominance occurs when two alleles are expressed to the same degree by an organism.
What does a biological organism mean?Living things with the capacity for reproduction, growth, and homeostasis are referred to as biological organisms. Taxonomy divides species into specific groupings, such as unicellular microorganisms like protists, bacteria, and archaea, or multicellular organisms like animals, plants, and fungus.
What two categories do organisms fall under?Prokaryotic and eukaryotic are the two primary categories of organisms. This differentiation is based on the type of cells that make up the organism. Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and have a very basic structure that is indicative of their primitive nature.
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mrsa in humans is an example of selection. a. directional b. diversifying c. guided d. stabilizing e. uniform
MRSA is an example of directional selection in humans.
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, also known as MRSA, is a kind of bacteria that can be potentially dangerous since it is resistant to some antibiotics and can cause skin infections and other types. Any S strain could be it. aureus that has acquired multiple drug resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics through horizontal gene transfer or directional selection.
Direct contact with an infected individual, touching surfaces or objects contaminated with the bacterium or exchanging personal things like infected towels or razors are all ways that MRSA is disseminated. Because so many people have weakened immune systems, it is therefore spreading quickly and directly throughout the healthcare industry.
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The formula v2 = gstartfraction m subscript central baseline over r endfraction is very useful for astronomers because it does not require them to know t. what does t stand for? orbital period tangential speed satellite radius
Using the concepts of Gravitation, we got that T stands for orbital period.
Orbital period is actually the time a certain astronomical object such as planets takes to complete one orbit (360° revolution) around the another object such as sun or stars. Orbital period is expressed in many units of time, usually in years, days or hours.
The gravitational force is that which attracts any two objects with mass. We basically call this force attractive because it always tries to pull masses together, but it never pushes them apart from each other. In fact, every object, including we, is pulling on every other object in this entire universe! This is simply nothing but known as Newton's Universal Law of Gravitation.
Hence, in the formula v2 = gstartfraction m subscript central baseline over r endfraction is very useful for astronomers, then in that case T stands for orbital period.
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