The process by which the ions are attracted to water and separate from each other when dissolved in water is called dissociation.
What is dissociation of ions in water?
The ionic salts when added to water dissolve in water by dissociation. The ions in the ionic compound break the bond between them and get dissolved in water. Water molecules reduce the electrostatic force between the ions and solvate them by surrounding them.
The positive ions of the ionic compound gets attracted to hydroxide ion of water which is negatively charged. The positive ion of the ionic compound gets attracted to protons in water which are positively charged. the ions in ionic compound dissolve by dissociation.
Therefore, due to dissociation the ionic compound dissolves in water and get attracted to opposite charges in water.
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select all that apply select all the statements that correctly describe steps in the procedure used to identify a limiting reactant. multiple select question. the maximum product possible is given by the sum of the amounts of product formed from each reactant. the reactant that produces the least amount of possible product is the limiting reactant. the reactant that has the highest mass at the beginning of the reaction is in excess. calculate the molar masses of any reactants for which a mass has been given. calculate the amount of product that could be formed from each reactant.
Step 1: Begin with a balanced chemical equation and starting amounts for each reactant.
Step 2: Convert mass of each starting reactants to moles.
Step 3: Calculate the number of moles used for each reactant. is the limiting reagent.
what is limiting reaction?
The limiting reactant (or limiting reagent) is the reactant that gets consumed first in a chemical reaction and therefore limits how much product can be formed.The reactant that is entirely used up in a reaction is called limiting reagent. In the reaction given above, 3 moles of Hydrogen gas are required to react with 1 mole of nitrogen gas to form 2 moles of ammonia.Determine which reactant is limiting by dividing the number of moles of each reactant by its stoichiometric coefficient in the balanced chemical equation. Use mole ratios to calculate the number of moles of product that can be formed from the limiting reactant.In a chemical reaction, reactants that are not used up when the reaction is finished are called excess reagents. The reagent that is completely used up or reacted is called the limiting reagent, because its quantity limits the amount of products formed.to know more about limiting reaction follow
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in the next three problems, we will attempt to solve the problem: what is the standard entropy change for the combustion of 1 mole of diamond at room temperature?
The standard entropy change for the combustion of 1 mole of diamond at room temperature is 6.22 J / K mol.
The reaction is given as :
C (diamond) + O₂ -----> CO₂
At room temperature the value of S° is given as follows :
C = 2.38 J / K mol
O₂ = 205.2 J/Kmol
CO₂ = 213.8 J/Kmol
The standard entropy change is given as :
ΔS° = ∑S° product - ∑ S° reactant
ΔS° = ( 213.8 ) - ( 2.38 + 205.2)
ΔS° = 213.8 - 207.58
ΔS° = 6.22 J / K mol
Thus, The standard entropy change for the combustion of 1 mole of diamond at room temperature is 6.22 J / K mol.
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why are the first ionization energy of the transition elements from sc to zn fairly constant until zn?
Due to same d-same shell, that's why first ionization energy of the transition elements .
What is ionization energy?Ionization energy, also called ionization potential, in chemistry and physics, the amount of energy required to remove an electron from an isolated atom or molecule.
What is transition elements?Transition elements (also known as transition metals) are elements that have partially filled d orbitals. IUPAC defines transition elements as an element having a d subshell that is partially filled with electrons, or an element that has the ability to form stable cations with an incompletely filled d orbital.
Why first ionization energy of the transition elements is constant?In transition elements, the first ionization energy of the elements remain constant because of poor shielding in d-subshell. The electrons suffers repulsion due to which their ionic radii does not decrease on moving from left to right. That's why first ionization energy of the transition elements from Sc to Zn fairly constant until Zn.
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2. 2.00 gram of a compound requires the following quantities of solvent to dissolve: 90.0 ml of water, 7.50 ml of chloroform, 32.0 ml of diethyl ether, or 85.0 ml of benzene. calculate the partition coefficient of the compound between chloroform and water, diethyl ether and water, and benzene and water. which solvent would you choose to extract the compound from an aqueous solution?
Partition coefficient Chloroform = 11.98, Diethyl Ether = 2.81 and Benzene = 1.05
Chloroform would be the ideal solvent to use when extracting the chemical from an aqueous solution because it has the highest solubility.
A solution is a homogenous mixture of one or even more solutes in a solvent. Adding sugar cubes to a cup of tea or coffee is an example of a solution. A property that facilitates the dissolution of sugar molecules is solubility. Solubility is the property of a substance (solute) to dissolve in a particular solvent. A solute is any solid, liquid, or gaseous substance that dissolves in a solvent.
The compound needs 2 grams of solvent to dissolve it.
Finding solubility
For water, 2g/90ml= 2.22
For chloroform, 2g/7.50= 26.6
For diethyl ether, 2g/32= 6.25
For benzene, 2g/85= 2.35
Partition Coefficients -
For chloroform = 11.98
For Diethyl Ether = 2.81
For Benzene = 1.05
As a result of its high solubility, chloroform would be used to extract a compound from an aqueous solution.
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a noble gas has a density of 1.78 g/l at stp. what is the identity of the gas? enter the elemental symbol of the gas.
The gas after the calculation has a molar mass of 39.95g/mol which is that of Argon. The elemental symbol of gas is Ar.
We know that 1 mol of gas has 22.4L of any gas at STP.
Given in the question is the density of the gas 1.78g/l at STP.
Hence the mass of 22.4 L of the elemental gas at STP is its molar mass.
Hence molar mass
=22.4 l/mol × 1.7824 g/L
= 39.925g/mol
These gases are called noble gases because they are majestic in nature, which means they dont react with anything in general.
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calculate the ph of a buffer solution obtained by dissolving 29.029.0 g of kh2po4(s)kh2po4(s) and 44.044.0 g of na2hpo4(s)na2hpo4(s) in water and then diluting to 1.00 l.
The pH of buffer solution obtained will be 7.05 by dissolving 29.029.0 g of kh2po4(s)kh2po4(s) and 44.044.0 g of na2hpo4(s)na2hpo4(s) in water and then diluting to 1.00 l.
This can be calculated using use Henderson - Hasselbalch equation:
PH = Pka + ㏒ [A/AH]
Molar mass of KH₂PO₄ = 136.0 g And Molar mass of Na₂HPO₄ = 142.0 g
No. of moles of H₂PO₄⁻ = No. of moles of KH₂PO₄ = (29..0 g) / (136.0 g/mol) = 0.213 mol
No. of moles of HPO₄²⁻ = No. of moles of Na₂HPO₄ = (44.0 g) / (142.0 g/mol) = 0.30 mol
In the solution, [HPO₄²⁻]/[H₂PO₄⁻] = 0.213/0.30
Henderson-Hasselbalch equation:
pH = pKₐ + log([HPO₄²⁻]/[H₂PO₄⁻])
pH = 7.21 + log(0.213/0.30)
pH = 7.05
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what single qualitative test from this module could be employed to distinguish between t-butyl chloride and n-butyl chloride? state which compound would come out positive and what would be the indicatio
T-butyl chloride changes its ppt formed and color more quickly with ague and an indicator than other chlorides do.
The hydrant A color shift was caused by the addition of AgNO3 when a product like Hl reacted with the acid-base indicator MethyL red. The released chloride ion was found by Agel precipitation at ambient temperature. Both a color change in an indicator and a precipitate format positively confirmed that the reactivity order in both cases is t-butyl chloride > n-butyl chloride. As a result, t-butyl chloride changes its ppt formed and color more quickly with ague and an indicator than other chlorides do.
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What temp is the warmest?
A. 30 degrees celsius
B. 273 kelvin
C. 0 degrees celsius
D. 32 degrees Fahrenheit
Answer:
30 degrees Celsius, is 86 Fahrenheit.
273 kelvin, is 31.73 Fahrenheit.
0 degrees Celsius, is 32 Fahrenheit.
Then 32 degrees Fahrenheit.
The correct answer choice is A. 30 degrees Celsius.
Energy made available through the flow of electric current is called...
Radiant
Sound
Elastic
Electrical
The energy transfer in the form of light or heat is called radiant energy. Thus the flow of electric current can be called as radiant.
What is radiation?Radiation is a mod of energy transfer through vacuum and the electromagnetic radiations are such energy transfer from stars and space which hits the earth surface.
Sound is a mechanical wave only travels through a medium whereas electromagnetic waves does not need a medium to travel. Electromagnetic radiation is the combination of an electric field and magnetic field.
Hence, the flow of electric current by which the energy made available is called radiant.
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2. when writing the chemical equation for a reaction, how do you indicate that a given reaction is dissolved in water? how do you indicate that a precipitate has formed as a result of the reaction?
When writing the chemical equation for a reaction, a reactant in aqueous solution is indicated with (aq); formation of a solid is indicated with (s).
Chemical equations serve to represent the transformation of reactants into products. For instance, the combination of iron (Fe) and sulphur (S) results in iron sulphide (FeS). The plus symbol indicates that sulphur and iron react to form FeS.
The four primary categories of chemical reactions are single displacement, double displacement, breakdown, and synthesis. But keep in mind that other people refer to these reactions by other names.
They are equations that represent chemical reactions using chemical formulae and symbols. In a chemical equation, the reactants are represented on the left and the products are on the right. A symbol that denotes the reaction's direction separates these two entities.
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a student places a piece of i2(s) in 50.0 ml of h2o(l), another piece of i2(s) of the same mass in 50.0 ml of c6h14(l), and shakes the mixtures. the results are shown above. what do the results indicate about the intermolecular interactions of the substances?
When a piece of I2 in 50 ml of water is placed then another piece of I2 of the same mass in C6H14 is placed then hydrogen bonding is formed in water and a strong London dispersion force occurs.
C6H14 is a straight chain alkane with 6 carbon atoms with no double or triple bond.this is non polar. So, London dispersion forces exist.this is the force that exists between all molecule.this is the weakest intermolecular forces.the boiling point of C6H14 increases as their atomic mass increases due to stronger London dispersion force.
Water has strong intermolecular forces.in this,hydrogen bonding and dipole moment created by the strong electronegative oxygen and hydrogen.water has hydrogen bond,dipole induced dipole forces and London dispersion forces.
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Compare the structure and bonding of three compounds
Carbon dioxide, magnesium oxide, silicon dioxide
A solid with a covalent network is silicon dioxide. Carbon dioxide is a covalent molecule, whereas magnesium oxide is an ionic substance.
It is a covalent molecule, carbon dioxide. Although the complex has polar C-O bonds, it is often nonpolar, therefore the molecules are only held together by modest dispersion forces.
Ionic solids include the substance magnesium oxide. It has a crystal lattice made up of magnesium ions and oxygen ions. The chemical is almost insoluble in water because of the significant lattice energy and small ion sizes.
Chains of silicon-oxygen bonds make up the covalent network solid known as silicon dioxide. The network solid has a high melting point and creates a very stiff structure.
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(a) how many milliliters of 0.155 m hcl are needed to neutralize completely 45.0 ml of 0.101 m ba(oh)2 solution?
29,322 milliliters of 0.155m hcl are needed to neutralize completely 45.0 ml of 0.101m ba(oh)2 solution Given that :
Hcl + Ba(oh)2 gives Bacl2 + 2h20
Molarity = mole of solute / volume of solution in liters
Molarity = 0.101 m
Volume = 45 ml
mole of solute (ba(0h)2) = Molarity * volume
= 0.101 * 45 ml
= 4.545
now we have to find the volume of hcl so,
again
molarity = mol solute/ volume of solution
volume of solution = mole solute / molarity
= 4.545 / 0.155m
= 29. 322 liters
= 29,322 ml
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an ax ceramic compound has the rock salt crystal structure. if the radii of the a and x ions are 0.137 nm and 0.241 nm, respectively, and the respective atomic weights are 22.7 g/mol and 91.4 g/mol, what is the density of this material?
The density of the material would be 1.75 gm/cc.
p = n'∑Ac + ∑AA/VcNA
= n'(∑Ac + ∑AA)/9³NA
=n'(∑Ac + ∑AA)/(2(rA + rX))³ NA
n' = number of atoms per unit cell
= 4(assumption)
rA = 0.137 × 10⁻⁷ cm
rX = 0.241 × 10⁻⁷ cm
NA = Avagadros number
= 6.022 × 10²³
∑Ac = Atomic weight of all cations
∑AA = Atomic weight of all anions
p = n'(∑Ac + ∑∑AA)/(2(rA + rx))³NA
= 4(22.7 + 91.4/(2(0.137 × 10⁻⁷ + 0.241 × 10⁻⁷))³ 6.022× 10²³
= 1.75 gm/cc
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how to Calculate the molar heat capacity of iron in J • mol-1 • °C-1 . Its specific heat capacity is 0.4498 J • g-1 • °C-1
Based on the given specific heat capacity of iron, the molar heat capacity of iron =is 25.18 J/mol/°C.
What is the molar heat capacity of a substance?The molar heat capacity of a substance is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of a unit mole of that substance by one degree.
The molar heat capacity is given by the formula below:
Molar heat capacity = heat change/mole of substance * temperature changeGiven the specific heat capacity of a substance, the molar heat capacity is obtained as follows
Molar heat capacity = specific heat capacity * molar mass
specific heat capacity of iron = 0.4498 J/g/°C
the molar mass of iron = 56 g/mol
Molar heat capacity of iron = 0.4498 J/g/°C * 56 g/mol
Molar heat capacity of iron = 25.18 J/mol/°C
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How do you find Mass number
Answer:
Together, the number of protons and the number of neutrons determine an element’s mass number: mass number = protons + neutrons. If you want to calculate how many neutrons an atom has, you can simply subtract the number of protons, or atomic number, from the mass number. A property closely related to an atom’s mass number is its atomic mass.
Explanation:
what can you deduce about the conformation of the polystyrene chains under the conditions of the visocity determinations
Viscosity of polystyrene is determined to know the size of polystyrene its compression, and molding capacity.
To obtain the perfect shape and size the configuration of polystyrene should be maintained under different conditions.
So, to deduce the confirmation of the polystyrene under viscosity determination we can apply 2 methods;
1. By adding excess diluents to the polystyrene which reduces its viscosity.
2. By introducing or adding small linear chains by addition method to the molecular chains of polystyrene molecular structure to reduce chain entanglement.
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Can yall help me with this
Answer:
A planetary scientist who works at john hopskin university
Explanation:
how do acids and bases interact with water? how does this interaction be different for strong acids and weak acids?
Acid and Bases interact in water as they form Hydronium ion and hydroxide ions. The interaction for strong acids and weak acids produces salts.
Acid are those which have ability to dissociates into H⁺ ions. ans the bases are those which have ability to produce OH⁻ ions. when we mix acid with water it produce hydronium ions.
HCl + H₂O -----> H₃O⁺ + Cl⁻
when we mix base with water it produced hydroxide ions.
NaOH + H₂O ------> Na⁺ + OH⁻
The mixture of two acids of different will react together. while when two acids mix the reaction do not happen. when we mix weak acid with the strong acid it produces salt because weak acid have higher pH which is basic.
Thus, Acid and Bases interact in water as they form Hydronium ion and hydroxide ions. The interaction for strong acids and weak acids produces salts.
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write the reaction equation for the strong acid titration. you can use generic formula ha for the monoprotic strong acid.
The molarity of the acid is given, so the number of moles titrated can be calculated: 0.050 L × 6 mol/L = 0.3 moles of strong acid added thus ...
How do you write a titration equation?A strong acid-strong base titration is used to determine the concentration of an acidic solution by titrating it with a known concentration of a basic solution, or vice versa, until neutralisation occurs. Because both the acid and base are strong (high Ka and Kb values), they will fully dissociate, which means that all the molecules of acid or base will separate into ions. Equivalent amounts of H+ and OH- ions combine to form H2O at the equivalence point, resulting in a pH of 7.0. (neutral).
In aqueous solution, an acid that has been completely ionised. In contrast to a weak acid, when a strong acid is placed in a solution such as water, all of the strong acid dissociates into its ions. The general equation for strong acid dissociation is:
HA(aq)→H+(aq)+A−(aq)
The H stands for hydrogen, and the A stands for the acid's conjugate base (anion).
A base that is completely ionized in aqueous solution. This means when the strong base is placed in a solution such as water, all of the strong base will dissociate into its ions. The general equation of the dissociation of a strong base is:
XOH(aq)→X+(aq)+OH−(aq)
The OH represents hydroxide and the X represents the conjugate acid (cation) of the base.
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How can science help places that are affected by natural disasters?
Answer:
The answer is sophisticated earthquake early-warning systems, increasingly accurate storm forecasting, and innovative flood risk and flood mitigation projects provide communities with the tools they need to respond to impending hazard events, and infrastructure design and engineering improvements help to reduce the damage suffered
Explanation:
I hope this helps
what wavelength of light (in nm ) is emitted when the electron in a hydrogen atom relaxes from the n
102 nm wavelength of light is emitted when the electron in a hydrogen atom relaxes from n= 3 to n= 1
∆E = - Rh × ( 1/nf² - 1/ni² )
∆E = difference in energy between final and initial energy level (J )
R = Rydberg's constant
nf = final energy level
ni = initial energy level
nf = 3, ni = 1, Rh = 2.18 × 10-¹⁸
∆E = -2.18 × 10-¹⁸ ( 1/3² - 1/1² )
= 2.18 × 0.88 × 10-¹⁸ J
∆E = 1.93 × 10-¹⁸ J
∆E = hf = hc / λ
λ = (h × c) / ∆E
= ( 6.625 × 10-³⁴ × 3 × 10⁸) / 1.93 × 10-¹⁸
= 19.878 × 10-²⁶ / 1.93 × 10-¹⁸
= 10.299× 10-⁸
= 102.99×10-⁹
= 102 nm
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How many moles are equal to 4.0 x 10^25 atoms of tungsten
Explanation:
the answer was already on here
a gas cylinder has a volume of 108 L when filled with 22,700 grams of nitrogen gas if the temperature of this cylinder is 27 degrees what is the pressure inside the tank?
P=183.65 atm is the pressure inside the tank for the given conditions.
How is the pressure calculated?
Given,
V=108 L
m=22700 gm
The formula is PV=nRT
moles= [tex]\frac{Mass}{Molar mass}[/tex]
∴moles of [tex]N_{2}[/tex] = [tex]\frac{22700}{28}[/tex]=810.78 moles.
R=0.082 [tex]\frac{L atm}{molK}[/tex]
T=27°C=300K
P=[tex]\frac{nRT}{V}[/tex]
[tex]P_{N_{2}[/tex]=[tex]\frac{810.71 X 0.0821 X 298}{108}[/tex]
P=183.65 atm
The ideal gas law (PV = nRT) connects the macroscopic characteristics of ideal gases. A gas is considered to be perfect if its particles (a) do not interact with one another and (b) occupy no space (have no volume).
PV = nRT
PV = nRT is the equation for an ideal gas. In this equation, P stands for the ideal gas's pressure, V for the ideal gas' volume, n for the total amount of the ideal gas expressed in moles, R for the universal gas constant, and T for temperature.
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Exam Question: Describe and
explain the trends in melting and
boiling points across period 3
As we move across period 3 the number of delocalized electrons per metal atom increases and the radius of the elements decreases. This means the melting point increases.
What is melting point and boiling point ?
The temperature at which molecules in a solid can pass one another and transform into liquids is known as the melting point. On the other hand, liquids and gases are involved in the boiling point. Some molecules at the liquid's surface are escaping as the molecules move around.
The three metals' melting and boiling points rise as a result of the strengthening of their metallic connections. Each atom can contribute an increasing quantity of electrons to the delocalized "sea of electrons." As you get from sodium to magnesium to aluminum, the atoms also get smaller and have more protons.
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question unless otherwise instructed, you may use the periodic table in the chemistry: problems and solutions book for this question. which element is most likely the best conductor of heat?
Silver is most likely the best conductor of heat according to the periodic table.
The most electrically conductive component is silver, taken after by copper and gold. Silver too has the most elevated warm conductivity of any component and the most noteworthy light reflectance.
The components can be classified as metals, nonmetals, or metalloids. The most electrically conductive component is silver, taken after by copper and gold. Silver too has the most elevated warm conductivity of any component and the most noteworthy light reflectance.
As to why silver is the most excellent conductor, the reply is that its electrons are more liberated to move than those of the other components.
This has got to do with its valence and gem structure. Most metals conduct power. Other components with tall electrical conductivity, are aluminum, zinc, nickel, press, and platinum. Brass and bronze are electrically conductive amalgams, instead of components.
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The residents asked the town planners to propose some possible solutions that will address their transportation concerns and reduce the amount of CO2 released into the atmosphere. Of these, which is your favorite solution:
Question 3 options:
Restrict the use of private vehicles powered by fossil fuels on public roads.
Promote vehicles powered by renewable energy sources to harvest the crops and get them to market.
The solution for addressing transportation concerns and reducing the amount of carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere might include promoting vehicles powered by renewable energy sources to harvest the crops and get them to market (Option B).
What are renewable energy sources?The expression renewable energy sources make reference to different types of energy that replace the use of fossil based fuels in order to avoid the increase in the carbon dioxide level.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that renewable energy sources such as wind energy or solar energy replace fossil based fuels.
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what absorbance did you record for spinach at 400 nm?6.25 points question 2what absorbance did you record for spinach at 420 nm?6.25 points question 3what absorbance did you record for spinach at 440 nm?
It was discovered that the photosynthetic pigment in spinach best absorbed light between the wavelengths of 400 and 450 nm as well as at 650 nm. Additionally, it was discovered that this green phototroph barely absorbed light at wavelengths about 550 nm.
What is Absorbance ?The logarithm of the ratio of incident to transmitted radiant power through a sample is known as absorbance. As an alternative, absorbance can be defined as "the negative logarithm of one minus absorptance, as measured on a homogeneous sample," for samples that scatter light.
The opposite of transmittance, or absorbance (A), indicates how much light the sample absorbed. Additionally known as "optical density." A logarithmic function of T is used to compute absorbance: A = log10 (1/T) = log10 (Io/I).The concentration of the molecule (C) and the sample's path length (L), which is typically equal to the cuvette's path length, combined make up the three factors that affect an absorbance value. The extinction coefficient () is the next factor.What is the absorbance of Spinach ?The disks will rise as a result of bubbles developing on their surface when the leaves create oxygen. The leaves eventually sink if the cup's light source is taken away.
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Which of the electron dot structures correctly illustrates diatomic nitrogen with a triple bond?.
The electron dot structure of diatomic nitrogen is N≡N.
The electron dot structure of the nitrogen molecule is attached
The atomic number = 7
Chemical symbol = N
Type of bond = Triple bond
Group = 5A
Total number of valance electrons = 5
Lewis structure:
Find the total number of valence electrons Find the number of electronsNumber of bonds in the moleculesChoosing the central atom with the highest electronegativity.Drawing the base skeletal structure.Placing the electrons as per the octet rule around the outer and central atoms.Therefore the electron dot structure is N≡N.
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how are the reactivities of tert-butyl bromide and 2-bromopropane related to the stabilities of the carbocations produced as intermediates in the reaction? you must fully justify your answer.
The reactivities of tert-butyl bromide and 2-bromopropane are related to the stabilities of the carbocations produced as intermediates in the reaction in several ways.
First, it is important to note that tert-butyl bromide has an electron-withdrawing group (carbonyl) attached to its aromatic ring. This makes it more reactive than 2-bromopropane because it is easier for tert-butyl bromide to achieve a favorable resonance structure.
Second, it is also important to note that tert-butyl bromide has a more stable carbocation intermediate than 2-bromopropane because it has a larger number of bonds between carbon atoms. This means that these bonds take longer to break apart during the transition state, which makes it harder for tert-butyl bromide's intermediate to form.
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