When curare, a South American arrow poison, is placed on a nerve-muscle preparation, the muscle though a neurotransmitter is still being released from the nerve. Give a possible explanation for the action of curare (be sure to include specific details explaining does not contract when the nerve is stimulated, even how and why).

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

In a muscle contraction,neurotransmitter acetycholine stimulate the post synaptic membrane of the neuron or the sarcolemma  of the muscles cells at the motor end plate .This neurotransmission effect  leads to the opening of ligand gated sodium channels.

Therefore action potential(Endplate potential) is transmitted across the synaptic juction to to the muscles to  bring  about contraction of muscles(effector) .Therefore Acetycholine is refereed to as excitatory hormone.

Curare works as competitive inhibitor of acetycholine at the motor end plate. It prevents the binding of Acetycholine with the endplate.Therefore, ligand gated Na+channels can not open, thus End potential can not be  generated due to lack of depolarization, thus contraction of muscles is inhibited.

Thus,despite the fact that the neurotransmitter is produced, the curare has blocked the end plate.So, no muscles contraction will occur because ,no place for the the excitatory acetylcholine to bind with.Hence the the muscle cells are in the permanent state of  relaxation (resting membrane potential).

Animals poisoned with this substance usually asphyxiate because of paralysis of the diaphragm, external and internal inter-coastal muscles and  collapse of the lungs and therefore failure of the entire respiration  muscles and system.Thus lack of oxygen from failed breathing.

Explanation:s

In a


Related Questions

The cladistic approach to primate classification is Group of answer choices based on levels of anatomical complexity, without consideration of ancestor-descendent relationships. based on direct observation of phenotypes only. based on the use of anatomical and genetic evidence to establish ancestral relationships. also called the gradistic method of classification.

Answers

Answer :

based on the use of anatomical and genetic evidence to establish ancestral relationships

Explanation :

We know that,

The cladistic approach to primate :

The cladistic approach to primate is defined as phenotypically and anatomical characteristics, genetic and common characteristics that established ancestral relationships.

It is not purely based on phenotypes only, it required genetic and anatomic behaviour and evidences.

Hence, The correct answer is option (III)  

Explain why mutations that replace S/T/N residues with A/L/W residues in the N-terminal region of transmembrane proteins that function as cell surface receptors could significantly disrupt that utility of these proteins as receptors.

Answers

Answer:

Serine (S), Threonine (T) and Asparagine (N) are primary binding sites of carbohydrates, and thereby they are required to form glycoproteins (i.e., glycosylation products)

Explanation:

A transmembrane protein (TP) is a particular type of protein that crosses the cell membrane in order to enable the movement of ions and molecules. Transmembrane proteins are divided into alpha-helical and beta-barrel proteins. The N-terminal region of transmembrane glycoproteins can be required for N-linked glycosylation, which is an enzymatic mechanism capable of attaching oligosaccharides to proteins in order to form glycoproteins (glycans). N-linked glycosylation is a posttranslational protein modification that has distinct functions depending on the cell type and the protein region involved in such modification. For example, in the surface of immune cells, the N-linked glycans are capable of dictating the migration pattern of these cells.

Prokaryotes, like most living organisms, need movement to locate food and to survive.

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

Prokaryotes, like most living organisms, need movement to locate food and to survive. If a prokaryote needed to move to a new food source, which structure would it use for locomotion?

You go to the circus and see the tiger show. When the trainer cracks his whip, the tiger jumps through the hoop. This is an example of

a. operant conditioning with a positive reenforcement

b. operant conditioning with negative reenforcement

c. operant conditioning with punishment

d. none of the above​

Answers

Answer:

C

Explanation:

the trainer has already threatened and hit the tiger before.

thus, when he cracks the whip, the tiger is afraid and will "volunteeringly" jump through the hoop.

the defination of operant conditioning with punishment is any change in a human or animal's surroundings which, occurring after a given behavior or response, reduces the likelihood of that behavior occurring again in the future.

What kingdom contains organisms that are multicellular, heterotrophic, eukaryotic, and lack cell
walls?

Answers

Answer:

Kingdom Animalia contains organisms that are multicellular , heterotrophic, eukaryotic and lacks the cell wall.

Explanation:

The reason for above answer is:

kingdom animalia are multicellular organism aa they are composed of various cells.they don't prepare food by themselves which makes them heterotrophic in nature.they have enclosed nucleus in cell which makes them eukaryotic in nature.their cell lacks the cell wall.

Hope it helps...

Answer: Kingdom Animalia

Explanation:

Which source would be the least reliable? a nonfiction book written by a scientist a peer-reviewed scientific journal an encyclopedia an advertisement

Answers

answer: an advertisement
an advertisement would be least reliable

How did Dinosaurs diminished from earth?​

Answers

Answer:

Hey there

It is believed that the dinoursars diminished from earth through a massive meteorite which weight 2 trillion tons which hit the earth causing maximum heat and it killed all the dinoursars

Explanation:

Have a nice day

it’s been a while since i’ve learned this, but dinosaurs got diminished my a huge meteorite and on the other side where it didn’t hit, there was toxic gasses that stayed for years

Please help!!!!! science, please explain in sentence cause yes i don’t know where to find these answers !

Answers

Answer:

1. DNA replication.

2. rRNA - is called the ribosomal RNA which serve as structural components of protein-making structures known as ribosomes.

mRNA - is called the messenger RNA which serve as temporary copies of the information found in DNA.

tRNA - is called transfer RNA, that ferry amino acids to the ribosome to be assembled.

3. Protein synthesis.

Explanation:

Hope it helps.

During which period did humans first appear on Earth? Quaternary Neogene Paleogene Cenozoic

Answers

Answer:

the answer is actually Quaternary, please double check your answer before giving them out to people

we dont want them to get a bad grade

Explanation:

i took the test

E2020

Larry recalls his first memory of riding a red tricycle at the age of 4. Larry’s memory is: True False

Answers

Answer:

True

Explanation:

False memory refers to remembering an event differently from the way it happened or remembering events that never happened at all.

Larry's memory is a true memory because it doesn't sound like something that could be made up. Also, most children ride tricycles around the age of 4 or even younger.

Hope that helps.

Two students performed the same experiment, testing how far iodine will diffuse through starchy tissue, such as potatoes. They cut 5 potato squares each, all of equal sizes, and placed them into small cups with iodine solution for 15 minutes. Then they measured how far from the edge of the potato the iodine diffused into the potatoes, in millimeters.

Distance Diffused (mm)
Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Trial 4 Trial 5
Student 1 3.25 3.17 3.26 3.64 3.44
Student 2 3.14 3.43 3.22 3.37 3.28

1. What is the range of student 1's results?
a. 3.35
b. 0 29
c. 0 47
d. 3 29

2. Why do scientists conduct experiments?
a. To test their results.
b. To test a hypothesis.
c. To test a conclusion.
d. To explain an observation.

Answers

Answer:

Option c

Option b

Explanation:

To calculate range: range is highest data value - lowest data value

where the highest value in student 1's result is 3.64 and the lowest value is 3.17

Thus, the range of student 1's result is

3.64 - 3.17 = 0.47

Scientists conduct experiments to test a hypothesis. For a scientific research, the researcher first form hypotheses on a particular question she wants answered or maybe she is curious about something. An experiment is then carried out to further test the validity of the hypothesis so as to be able to make a conclusion.

Answer:

A

Explanation:

bc

Help can you pls number 2 to 4​

Answers

Answer:

Hey there!

1. Load

2. Broom

3. Flagpole

Hope this helps :)

Which type of cell can duplicate indefinitely?

Answers

Answer:

Embryonic stem cells

Explanation:

Answer:b

Explanation:

How can you guarantee a high expression of your protein in any expression vector?

Answers

Answer:

protein expression refers to the way in which protein are synthesized, modified and regulated in living organisms.

Explanation:

In the protein research,the term can apply either the object of study or the laboratory techniques required to manufacture proteins.

Assume a population of deer has a crude birth rate of 36 per 1,000/yr, a crude death rate of 20 per 1,000/yr, an immigration rate of 15 per 1,000/yr, and an emigration rate of 8 per 1,000/yr. What is the population growth rate

Answers

Answer:

0.023%

Explanation:

The Population growth rate is a change in population with time taken into consideration. It can be expressed with the formula

[tex]N/t[/tex] where N is the total change in the population size, and t is time.

When immigration and emigration are factored in, we now have the formula;

[tex](CBR +I) - (CDR + I)/1000[/tex]

[tex]= (36 + 15) - (20 + 8) = 51 - 28= 23\\\\expressing as a percentage of the population gives us,\\\\23/1000=0.023%\\\\[/tex]

People can breed cats for specific traits such as coat color through the process of _____. a. natural selection b. descent with modification c. selection with modification d. artificial selection

Answers

Answer:

D. Artificial Selection.

Explanation:

Normal people can't breed cats by modifying their DNA, so options b and c are eliminated. Breeding cats for specific traits is not natural, so it is not choice a, either. Instead, selective breeding is d. artificial selection.

Hope this helps!

Answer:

D. Artificial Selection.

What is the relationship between coronary artery disease and a heart attack?

Answers

Answer:

C. Coronary artery disease can reduce blood flow to the heart and cause heart attacks

Explanation:

im pretty sure

Explain why chemogenetic based methods of regulating cellular signaling result in poor temporal control of biochemical pathways relative to optogenetic based methods.

Answers

Answer:

They use different detecting methods to assess neuronal circuits

Explanation:

Chemogenetics is a technique widely used in neuroscience research to explore signaling interactions by means of genetically modified receptors capable of interacting with small molecules. Chemogenetics was first used to determine the function of the chalcone isomerase gene by inducing mutations that altered its substrate specificity. On the other hand, optogenetics is a bioluminescence-driven genetic technique used to control genetically modified neurons that express light-gated ion channel genes. This technique is also used to monitor neuronal networks. In consequence, optogenetic and chemogenetic techniques have recently been combined in order to analyze neuronal circuits, it by analyzing the same actuator molecule.

How does a catalyst influence a chemical reaction?

Answers

Answer: A catalyst speeds up a chemical reaction, without being consumed by the reaction. It increases the reaction rate by lowering the activation energy for a reaction. ... Remember that with a catalyst, the average kinetic energy of the molecules remains the same but the required energy decreases

Explanation:

Explain three ways in which the human
sperm cell is adapted to its function.​

Answers

1) Sperm cell is adapted to its function by carrying genetic information to an egg.

2) It has a stream lined body that allows it to move quickly.

3) They also contain large number of mitochondria in the mid region, so it is able to produce a lot of energy in order to operate tail

interact to produce a trait in which neither dominant gene can produce its effect in the presence of the other.
O Multiple alleles
Chromosomes
O Carriers
Sex linked genes

Answers

The answer is multiple alleles

Answer:

A

Explanation:

In a cell with defective chaperones, Question 14 options: proteins would not be able to exit the ribosome. the concentration of misfolded proteins would be higher than normal. proteins would not be delivered to their appropriate cellular locations. ribosomes would not associate with the endoplasmic reticulum.

Answers

Answer:

the concentration of misfolded proteins would be higher than normal.  

Explanation:

Chaperones proteins are required for the correct protein folding of proteins. These proteins were first discovered in bacteria. The level of chaperones is increased under thermic stress conditions, it is for that reason that they are also known as heat shock proteins (Hsp). For example, Hsp70 is a chaperon protein constitutively expressed under stress conditions that is involved in the folding of protein precursors and the refolding of misfolded proteins. In humans, Hsp70 is encoded by the HSPA1A gene, and its increased expression level is related to different health problems including neurodegenerative diseases, cerebral ischemia and epilepsy.

What type of molecule is represented by the model below? A molecule made up of four carbon rings with other atoms bonded to those rings. Fat Carbohydrate Steroid Protein Points earned on this question: 0

Answers

Answer:

Steroid

Explanation:

Steroids are molecules that usually have 17 carbon atoms distributed in four rings of carbon bonded together and linked to atoms of other elements, as shown in the aciam figure. Steroids are molecules soluble in fat and are produced synthetically for therapeutic and even aesthetic purposes, however their use must be monitored by a responsible professional.

Answer:

STEROID

Explanation:

Steroids are molecules that usually have 17 carbon atoms distributed in four rings of carbon bonded together and linked to atoms of other elements, as shown in the aciam figure. Steroids are molecules soluble in fat and are produced synthetically for therapeutic and even aesthetic purposes, however their use must be monitored by a responsible professional.

The general function of an enzyme in the body is to ________. The general function of an enzyme in the body is to ________. eliminate waste products from the blood act as a reactant in carbohydrate storage catalyze chemical reactions maintain homeostasis maintain a neutral pH

Answers

Answer:

catalyze chemical reactions

Explanation:

An enzyme is a proteinous substance that acts as biological catalysts and increases the rate of biochemical reactions in the body. Enzymes are specific in nature which is as a result of the structure/shape of its building block (amino acid).

Enzymes speedens the rate of a chemical reaction in living systems, which would normally not occur or occur at a much slower rate, without the presence of an enzyme. Enzymes acts on the reactants called Substrates by binding to them to form products but they are not used up in the reaction. Hence, enzymes are not reactants.

Saliva is released by __________ and it acts on _______.

Answers

Answer:

Salivary glands, food

Explanation:

Salivary glands release saliva, and it acts on the food and turns into a soft pulpy mass called bolus. Bolus is the simplier form of food which helps in digestion of complex food.

Hope this helps. Mark me as the Brainleist if you want...

Answer:

salivary glands, food

Explanation:

Saliva is released by salivary glands and it acts on food.

Salivary glands produce saliva. The saliva acts on food and creates a soft lump called bolus during the chewing process.

Is your prediction supported by the membrane potential chart?

Answers

Answer:

The membrane potential of a resting neuron is primarily determined by the movement of K+start text, K, end text, start superscript, plus, end superscript ions across the membrane. ... Zero voltage across the membrane, as measured by a voltmeter with one electrode inside and one electrode outside the cell.

Answer:

Yes, it is. The chart shows that the initial charge of the neuron is negative. When the neuron is stimulated, sodium ions enter the cell. So, the voltage inside the cell changes to positive. When potassium ions move outward, the voltage decreases until it reaches its previous state.

Explanation:

Research each insect, then compare and contrast the life cycles. You will need to write your observations and thoughts down. Be sure to include and describe each stage of development. Your observations, descriptions, and thoughts should be at least 150 words in length.



Incomplete Metamorphosis Complete Metamorphosis
grasshopper butterfly
dragonfly ladybug
cicada housefly
cockroach honeybee

Answers

Answer:

Larva and pupa is present in complete metamorphosis while nymph is present instead of larva and pupa in incomplete metamorphosis.

Explanation:

Complete metamorphosis has four stages i. e. egg, larva, pupa, and adult while the incomplete metamorphosis has three stages i. e. egg, nymph, and adult. Grasshopper, dragonfly, cicada and cockroach have incomplete metamorphosis while ladybug , housefly, butterfly  and honeybee have complete metamorphosis. Both type of insects lay eggs and after hatching a baby insect comes out called larva. After sometime this larva transforms from immature to mature, this stage is known as pupa. After pupa, the insect converts into an adult which is ready for reproduction. Nymph is a stage that comes in place of larva and pupa in incomplete metamorphosis. in this stage, the insect is small in size and lack of wings but in adult stage the wings appear.

g Glycogen Phosphorylase is phosphorylated by ____________________. Glycogen Synthase Kinase Casein Kinase Protein Kinase G Phosphorylase Kinase Protein Kinase A

Answers

Answer:

Phosphorylase kinase

Explanation:

Phosphorylase kinase is a type of regulatory protein kinase which helps in the process of glycogen breakdown.

It sends signals and the process of phosphorylating occurs which then helps in the activation of glycogen phosphorylase and subsequent breakdown of glycogen in the body. This makes phosphorylase kinase the right option.

In 1998, paleoanthropologist Rick Potts published an article in The Yearbook of Physical Anthropology, a peer-reviewed journal. The article was titled “Environmental Hypotheses of Hominin Evolution.” In his paper, Potts claimed that great variations in environmental conditions over time were responsible for the adaptability of humans and the success of our species. Which would most likely be found in his paper? a review of modern human anatomical structure evidence of changing environmental conditions, with references the reasons competing hypotheses are wrong his opinion of what will happen to the survival of the human race

Answers

Answer:

Dr. Potts used environmental data to support environmental hypotheses capable of explaining human evolution  

Explanation:

In this paper, the author stated that environmental factors have been fundamental for the emergence of adaptive traits during human evolution. In consequence, Dr. Potts explained how particular environmental factors and habitats might have shaped human evolution. For example, it has been hypothesized that dry savanna vegetation might have been a key environmental factor associated to the emergence of human traits including, among others, bipedality, making of tools from stones, the development of human brains, etc. In order to prove this hypothesis, the author recorded environmental data from different regions in Africa (Olorgesailie, Olduvai, Turkana, Zhoukoudian, etc), where it is believed that first hominids evolved about 6-8 million years ago.

ITS NOT B AND ITS NOT C

SOOO EITHER D OR A

Explanation

Essential amino acids are amino acids that must be obtained through the diet. Non‑essential amino acids can be made biosynthetically. Classify the amino acids into either essential or non‑essential amino acids.

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

There are at present 20 major amino acids produced in the body. These amino acids are important biological components in the body. They are the building blocks of proteins. Also essential in the synthesis of nucleotides including the DNA and RNA. There are different ways of classified these amino acids:

Essential and non essential. The essential amino acids cannot be synthesized from scratch in the body but has to be obtained from our diet, while non essential is produced by the body

Acidic, basic, neutral, polar, non polar etc.

The essential amino acids are arginine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, and valine.

While the non essential amino acids are: alanine, asparagine, aspartic acid, cysteine, glutamic acid, glutamine, glycine, proline, serine, and tyrosine.

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