Using theories of gene, we got that Immune response to viral vectors, Retroviruses activating oncogenes, Inserted genes disrupting off-target genes are the main complications of traditional gene therapy which can be overcome by the crispy-casp9 system.
A gene is basic physical and functional unit of heredity. Genes are made up of DNA. Some genes may act as instructions to make molecules called proteins. However, many of the genes do not code for proteins. In humans, genes vary in size from the few hundred DNA bases to more than 2 million bases. An international research effort called Human Genome Project, which worked to determine the sequence of human genome and identify the genes that it contains, estimated that the humans have between 20,000 and 25,000 genes.
Hence, the complications of traditional gene therapy can be overcome by the crispr-cas9 system are:
Immune response to viral vectors. Retroviruses activating the oncogenes. Inserted genes disrupting off-target genesTo know more about gene, visit here:
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Determine the energy of 1.20 mol of photons for each of the following kinds of light. (assume three significant figures.)
The energy content of infrared radiation is 12.4 * 1020 J.
What does the term "photon" actually mean?In physics, a photons is a package of electrical radiation. It is the basic building block of all light. The photon is frequently referred to as a "quantum" of electromagnetic energy. Particles really aren't thought to also be made of smaller atoms. They are fundamental elements of nature, or elemental particles.
Do photons exist in light?The constituent parts of light are photons, bundles of the magnetic wave that carry a specific amount of energy. With sensitive enough tests, you can quantify photons or even measure a single photon. Researchers have frozen even light.
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what inorganic gas has been shown to act as a second messenger that relaxes the smooth muscles of blood vessels?
Using the theories of inorganic gases, we got nitrous oxide(NO) is the inorganic gas which has been shown to act as second messenger that relaxes the smooth muscle of blood vessels.
The access of contaminated air from outside is main source of inorganic gases in the interior spaces. Other sources are use of ultraviolet light technology.
The Ozone in the troposphere acts as an ultraviolet ray filter. However, on earth’s surface or inside spaces, it works as an air pollutant.
Higher concentrations of the ozone appear when there are higher solar radiation and the emissions of volatile organic compounds. Thus, the volatile organic compounds are capable of reaction and producing photochemical oxidants that impel the creation of ozone.
Hence, the inorganic gas which has been shown to act as second messenger that relaxes the smooth muscles of blood vessels is Nitrous oxide(NO).
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You have been contacted by a government official, who is looking to spend 5 million USD of overseas aid funding to benefit human welfare by protecting an ecosystem. They wish to use the money to protect and or / restore an area of land (or sea), in collaboration with local communities. They would like your help to decide which ecosystem type (suggestions listed below) would lead to the greatest benefit in terms of human health, equality and wellbeing.
Your task is to write a persuasive letter, arguing for the benefits of your chosen ecosystem. The official will be best convinced by:
An ecosystem services approach, using correct terminology
Clear evidence based (rather than emotional / value based) arguments
Clearly demonstrated correct scientific understanding (e.g. of the carbon cycle)
Specific studies, giving measured estimates of ecosystem services in particular locations (e.g. specific quantities of carbon stored or water purified, for example) - correctly cited
Ecosystems that store large quantities of carbon, since climate change mitigation is a priority.
Solutions that benefit disadvantaged communities (economically disadvantaged or excluded from decision making processes)
Reliable sources, carefully selected and evaluated
Once they have read and considered all your arguments, they will choose to use the funding to enhance protection or restoration of one type of ecosystem.
The coastal region is chosen to be remediated by the government's incentive, because the mangrove vegetation, mainly its root system, is capable of reducing the impact of sea water on coastal regions, protecting coastal cities against the effects of tidal erosion , storms, sea level rise, and even tsunamis.
The mangrove and its biodiversity: why preserve it?Thinking about the preservation of the forests, we decided to develop our project highlighting the riparian forests, specifically the mangrove. The mangrove is an ecosystem that develops in tropical regions, where fresh and salt water meet, thus forming brackish water. The mangroves are made up of three types of trees — they are: the red mangrove, the white mangrove and the black mangrove — and can therefore be considered a forest.
In it we will find animals that serve as food and sustenance for many people, and the preservation of its fauna and flora is of great importance for the sustainability of this forest and the individuals who need it.
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during chordate evolution, what is the sequence (from earliest to most recent) in which the following structures arose? 1. four limbs with digits 2. notochord 3. true bone 4. lungs or lung derivatives 5. amniotic egg
During chordate evolution the sequence in which the structures arose are paired fins, jaws, limbs/fins with muscle, amniotic egg, and placenta.
An animal belonging to the phylum Chordata is referred to as a chordate, and all chordates have 5 synapomorphies—or predominant characteristics—that set them other than all different species at a while in the course of their larval or grownup stages.
The notochord, dorsal hole nerve cord, endostyle or thyroid, pharyngeal slits, and publish tail are amongst those 5 synapomorphies. The first of those synapomorphies, the notochord, that's important to chordate motion and structure, is in which the call chordate originates. Chordates additionally have a coelom, a circulatory system, are bilaterally symmetric, and show metameric segmentation.
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erythroblastosis fetalis is defined as an: a. autosomal dominant hereditary disease. b. allergic disease in which maternal blood and fetal blood are antigenically incompatible. c. alloimmune disease in which maternal blood and fetal blood are antigenically incompatible. d. autoimmune disease in immature nucleated cells that are released into the bloodstream
Erythroblastosis fetalis is defined as an alloimmune disease in which maternal blood and fetal blood are antigenically incompatible.
Hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN), additionally referred to as alloimmune HDFN or erythroblastosis fetalis, is resulting from the destruction of crimson blood cells (RBCs) of the neonate or fetus through maternal immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies.
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what is one of the largest crops grown in the united states today, and a staple or core food in many first people/native american dishes?
Maize (Corn) is one of the largest crops grown in the united states, and a staple food in many first people/Native American dishes.
In the United States, a third of corn production is utilized to feed livestock like cattle, hogs, and chickens. Corn supplies the "carbs" and soybeans the protein in animal feed. According to some estimates, a beef cow grown on a feedlot can consume a ton of corn; two bushels of American maize are required to produce one serving of corn-fed steak. Cows that produce milk and beef both eat silage, which is made of fermented corn stalks and other green plants. A little over a third of corn production is utilized to produce ethanol, which is added to gasoline as a sustainable fuel. The Renewable Fuel Standard calls for 10% of gasoline to be renewable fuel, however, in some places, notably in the Midwest, you can get E15 (15 percent ethanol) or E85 (85 percent ethanol). The remaining corn harvest is either exported to other nations for use as food or feed, or it is used in the United States for industrial purposes, drinks, and human nourishment. There are many uses for corn. It is employed in the production of biodegradable packaging materials, tortilla chips, grits, canned beer, soda, and cooking oil. It is a crucial component of the growing medium used to produce life-saving medications like penicillin. To keep weeds from growing in flower beds, use corn gluten meal.
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What macromolecule does the human body use
as its primary energy SOURCE?
A. carbohydrates
B. nucleic acids
C. DNA
D. RNA
Answer:
A
Explanation:
4) How did Jim Curran's team at CDC react to the "new" disease that eventually came to be known as HIV/AIDS? How did their reaction compare or contrast to that of the NIH?
Anyone with HIV was avoided by everyone. The CDC’s reaction to the outbreak was as it should’ve been. And Dr. Jim, with the resources available to him, managed the situation in the best way he could.
What is HIV?
Also known as the human immunodeficiency virus, HIV is a virus that attacks the body’s immune system, making the person prone to more infections and diseases. It spreads through contact by bodily fluids of HIV infected person.
If untreated, HIV can lead to AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). The human body cannot fight HIV and no known effective cure exists as of today. So once HIV is contracted, it stays for life.
AIDS is the last stage of HIV, where the immune system is badly damaged.
Since it is a contagious disease, everyone avoided anyone with HIV. The CDC handled it in the best way possible, as did Dr. Jim.
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the bicuspid (mitral) valve question 6 options: is the location of the pacemaker cells of a normal heart. prevents blood flow from the right ventricle to the right atrium. prevents blood flow from the left ventricle to the left atrium. prevents blood flow from the pulmonary artery to the right ventricle. prevents blood flow from the aorta to the left ventricle.
One of the four heart valves is the mitral valve, commonly referred to as the bicuspid valve or the left atrioventricular valve. It is located between the left atrium and the left ventricle of the heart and has two cusps or flaps.
An aortic valve that has two cusps (or flaps) as opposed to three is referred to as bicuspid. The primary artery supplying blood to your body, the aorta, is controlled by the aortic valve, which regulates blood flow from the left ventricle (chamber).
Divides the bottom left chamber from the left atrium, which is the upper left chamber (left ventricle). permits blood to move from the left atrium to the left ventricle through opening. prevents blood from returning to the left atrium from the left ventricle.
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griffith's experiment. why did an injection of both living iir cells and dead iiis cells kill the mice when each of those cells individually did nothing? 2 avery's experiment. why were no iiis cells found in the mixture containing deoxyribonuclease, but they were found in the mixtures containing ribonuclease or protease?
Detected in mixtures containing ribonuclease or protease. R strain or heat killed S strain in mouse deaths.
What carry out all cells?All cells contain the following four components: (1) a plasma membrane, an outer layer that separates the cell's interior out of its environment; (2) cytoplasm, an internal region that resembles jelly and contains other cellular components.
Identify the smallest cell.The parasitic bacterium Mycoplasma gallicepticum is believed to be the tiniest known organism capable of independent development and reproduction. It lives in the pulmonary, genital, and urine systems of primates. The cell type used in the investigation is called mycoplasma. Its diameter is 0.0001 mm.
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Which hormone may be low in exercising women due to low energy intake, which can result in decreased bone formation?.
Estrogen hormone may be low in exercising women due to low energy intake, which can result in decreased bone formation.
For women, the hormone estrogen is very important and has a vital role. This one hormone is always present at every level of a woman's life, from menstruation and puberty, pregnancy, to menopause.
What is the Estrogen Hormone
Before understanding what estrogen is, you first need to know about the hormone itself. In this case, the hormone is actually a chemical substance produced by the body. The role of hormones in this case is to control and also regulate the activity of certain cells and organs. In addition, hormones also have important functions in relation to the body's metabolism, body development, reproductive system, to mood.
As for estrogen itself, basically refers to a group of hormones that play an important role in the growth and development of female sexual characteristics as well as in the reproductive process. Even so, please note that the hormone estrogen can also be found in the male body, but in very small levels.
If the male hormone estrogen is produced by the testes, in women this hormone is produced by the ovaries. During pregnancy, women can get this hormone from the placenta. The amount produced is not always the same, sometimes it increases, but it can also decrease. This adjusts to the function of the hormone itself which plays an important role in the female reproductive system.
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how could decomposers be added to the diagram which parts of the food web do they effect
Decomposers forms the final link in the food chain. They break down dead animals and plants and return vital nutrients to the soil.
Decomposers consume dead items, including wood and leaf litter from dead plants, animal corpses, and human waste. They are Earth's cleanup staff, and they do a great job. Dead leaves, dead insects, and dead animals would accumulate everywhere if decomposers weren't present. Just picture how the world might appear!
More importantly, decomposers enable the primary producers of an ecosystem, typically plants and algae, to access essential nutrients. Complex organic materials are broken down by decomposers into simpler compounds that contain calcium, nitrogen, and phosphorus as well as water and carbon dioxide. These are all things that plants require in order to grow.
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Relate How can the increased
demand on water affect water
quality
As more Organisms need water, The only clean source of water becomes scarce and finished, leaving only few clean pure sources of water, but much impure sources of water
what is another term for the cellular response that results in the delay of division of cells in the cell cycle?
Mitotic delay is another name for the cellular reaction that causes a delay in cell division during the cell cycle. Microtubule poisons that cause a mitotic delay also activate DNA damage signalling, which has an impact on subsequent cell cycle progression and apoptosis.
The term "mitotic catastrophe" refers to a mechanism of postponed mitosis-related cell death, a series of circumstances resulting from cells entering mitosis prematurely or inappropriately, which can be brought on by chemical or physical stresses. Mitotic catastrophe, which is seen in cells lacking functional apoptotic pathways, is unrelated to programmed cell death. It has been noticed after ionising radiation-induced delayed DNA damage. Other factors that can cause it include substances that affect the integrity of microtubule spindles, some anticancer medications, and mitotic failure brought on by faulty cell cycle checkpoints. When there are errors in the division of the genetic material between daughter cells, this mechanism can go into action. The main cause of reproductive cell death in cancer cells exposed to ionising radiation is mitotic catastrophe. Many cells die after an aberrant mitosis brought on by a mitotic catastrophe, however not all do. Following subsequent attempts at cell division, cells that do not immediately die are likely to produce aneuploid cells, which increases the risk of oncogenesis. Using meiotic cell division pathways, a tiny portion of these aneuploid cells produced by mitotic catastrophe may later undergo reductive division to decrease DNA ploidy.
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when you send electrical impulses to one of your muscles, there is a certain level of stimulus where the muscle will first show a twitch. why don't you see a twitch before this?
A twitch occurs when one muscle fiber contracts in response to a command stimulus by the nervous system.
The time interval between the activation of a motor neuron and contraction of muscle is called the lag phase. In the duration of lag phase an action potential travels to the end of motor neuron .
This action potential release of acetylcholine and depolarization of the motor end plate. Muscle twitch has three phase latent period, a contraction phase, and a relaxation phase. A classified muscle response allows alteration in muscle tension. Twitches and spasms can be warning signs which shows the nerves that control your muscles.
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What are the benefits of algae? Select all that apply.
They are complex organisms.
They are the base of food webs.
They provide oxygen.
They live only in water.
Answer:
All the benefits of algae include all the answers given.
Explanation:
Orgasm occurs after stimulation of the genitals or erogenous zones.Phytoplankton and algae form the bases of aquatic food webs. Oxygen is produced by photosynthesizing organisms that live in the ocean, in freshwater, and on land. These organisms include bacteria, algae and plants. Photosynthesizing algae in the ocean produces around 70% of oxygen in the atmosphere.Algae are simple plants that live in oceans, lakes, rivers, ponds, and moist soil.nonpathogenic vibrio cholerae can acquire the cholera toxin gene by nonpathogenic vibrio cholerae can acquire the cholera toxin gene by transformation. conjugation. phagocytosis. transduction. infecting a pathogenic vibrio cholerae.
Nonpathogenic Vibrio cholerae can acquire the cholera toxin gene by transduction.
What are pathogens?
A pathogen is a living organism that causes disease in its host, and virulence describes how severe a disease's symptoms are.
Virens, bacteria, unicellular and multicellular eukaryotes, as well as other taxonomically diverse species, are examples of pathogens.
Pathogens are germs that can impair one's health by infecting the body. They include viruses, bacteria, fungus, and parasites. The pathogens that cause significant diseases include, among many others, anthrax, HIV, the Epstein-Barr virus, and the Zika virus.
All viruses are obligatory pathogens because they must reproduce inside the cells of their hosts, making them all pathogens.
Therefore, Option D is correct.
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Complete question
Nonpathogenic vibrio cholerae can acquire the cholera toxin gene by
a. Transformation
b. Conjugation
c. Phagocytosis
d. Transduction
Choose the words that complete the sentence correctly.
Gametes with an abnormal number of chromosomes may form as a result of
Choose...
during the process of
Choose...
.
Gametes with an abnormal number of chromosomes may form as a result of nondisjunction during the process of meiosis.
What is meiosis?Meiosis is a cell division process by which organisms having a sexual mode or reproduction generate gametes that fuse during the process of fertilization, which involves chromosome separation.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that meiosis is associated with chromosome separation to generate haploid cells, thereby non-disjunction generates unbalanced gametes.
Complete question:
Gametes with an abnormal number of chromosomes may form as a result of ... frameshift mutations crossing over point mutations nondisjunction during the process of ... meiosis translation transcription mitosis
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Why would it be bad for two different populations to occupy the exact same niche at the same time of year?
Answer:
one specie's will out compete the other, forcing the other species to adapt or risk extinction
true or false: the evolution of more diverse prey phenotypes should increase potential niche diversity for predators.
True, The evolution of more diverse prey phenotypes should increase potential niche diversity for predators.
Evolution is a change inside the heritable traits of organic populations over successive generations. These traits are the expressions of genes which are handed on from determine to offspring in the course of replica.
There are exquisite examples of this in the area of medicine. To live one step in advance of pathogenic sicknesses, researchers ought to recognize the evolutionary styles of disease-inflicting organisms.
The oldest recognised fossils are approximately 3.5 billion years antique, however a few scientists have located chemical evidence suggesting that life may additionally have started even in advance, nearly four billion years ago.
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what provides the most common indicator of activation of the short-term energy system? group of answer choices oxygen depletion significantly increased performance blood lactate level muscle fiber twitching
Oxygen depletion is the most typical sign of stimulation of the short-term power system.
Oxygen depletion is the decline in the amount of dissolved oxygen in water, primarily as a result of pollution (countable and immeasurable, plural oxygen depletions). The main reason for low oxygen in the water (DO) is phosphorus-induced excessive algal development. Another ingredient that can aid in the development of algae is nitrogen. Dissolved oxygen is used up during the decomposition and death of the algae. You may suffer headache, disorientation, or restlessness when your bloodstream oxygen level drops below a specific point. Anemia is one of the typical causes of hypoxemia. ARDS (Acute respiratory syndrome) . Giddiness, mental disorientation, loss of judgment, lack of cohesion, weakness, nausea, fainting, and loss of consciousness are some of the side effects of low oxygen concentrations.
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The spread of cancer cells to other locations in the body is known as __________.
The spread of cancer cells to other locations in the body is known as Metastasis.
Metastasis is the condition were cancer breaks away from the place of their origin they travel from blood and lymph were they form new tumor cells .
The cancer that separate from one part of the body to other is Metastasis cancer. They are also known as stage IV of cancer were it become highly contagious and spread with very fast pace. This metastasis of cancer brings most lethal consequences to the disease may considered as the last stage of disease .
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a substance or part of a substance (living or nonliving) that is recognized as foreign by the immune system, activates the immune system, and reacts with immune cells or their products is a/an:
A substance or part of a substance that is recognized foreign by the immune system, activates the immune system, and reacts with immune cells or their products is antigen.
What are antigens?Any substance that the immune system can recognize and that can stimulate an immune response are called antigens. B lymphocytes are white blood cells that generate antibodies specific to the antigen that stimulated their production.
Antigen is a substance that is capable of stimulating an immune response, hence activating lymphocytes that are the body's infection-fighting white blood cells. Two main divisions of antigens that are recognized are: foreign antigens and autoantigens.
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which movement of the head and neck would lengthen the fibers of the levator scapula on the right side of the body?
Rotation to the left of the head and neck would lengthen the fibers of the levator scapula on the right side of the body.
The Levator Scapulae, an Axio-Appendicular muscle in the posterior triangle of the neck, attaches the upper limb to the spinal column. The sternocleidomastoid and trapezius protect the superior and inferior sides of the levator scapulae, respectively.
The levator scapulae raise the scapula and rotate it down to tilt the glenoid cavity inferiorly. If the scapula is stationary, levator scapulae contractions cause the cervical vertebral column to lateral flex to the side, stabilizing the vertebral column during rotation.
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explain how the sympathetic-adrenomedullary (sam) and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (hpa) axis are implicated in the physiological response to stress.
Sympathetic-adreno-medullar (SAM) axis, secretes noradrenaline and norepinephrine and the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, secretes glucocorticoids during stress.
SAM (Sympathetic-adreno-medullar) axis activation occurs in just a seconds as a result of a stressor and generate a adaptive respond towards stressor. The HPA axis is a slower response system involving release of corticosteroids .
Corticosteroids are corticotropin releasing hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, and cortisol, Which suppress the immune system . Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) plays a major role in the stress response by regulating the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis.
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What were the top s commodities for all of California in 2021?
Top s commodities for all of California is broiler, corn, soybeans and dairy product
The largest source of cash recipient from the sale of US produced farm commodities were are cattle or calves, corn, wheat soybean dairy product and department of food and agriculture gather data on the economic value of the each of the main crops in California and on the top of the list the California comes which have the agriculture commodities are fruits, trees, nuts, and berries and on the second the lowa comes which have an agriculture commodities are grain , oilseeds and dry beans and dry peas
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We have learned that when the cell loses control of cellular division, cancer can be the result. We know that there are several risk factors for cancer. In this discussion, describe which of those risk factors are significant for you? What steps could you take could reduce that risk?
Risk factors are significant for the prevention of cancer because there are environmental factors such as diet or UV sunlight exposure which we need to control in order to reduce cancer risks.
What is cancer?Cancer is a multifactorial disease associated with the uncontrolled proliferation of certain cell types, which may be triggered by genetic factors (mutations) and environmental factors such as exposure to physical-chemical agents (e.g., UV light exposure).
Therefore, with this data, we can see that cancer risks may be decreased due to the establishment of healthy habits such as avoiding exposure to UV light.
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The process of removal of wastes produced in the cells of the living organisms is called
Answer:
Excertion
Explanation:
The process of removal of waste produced in the cells of living organism is called excretion.
Answer:
excretion
Explanation:
When the cells in the living organisms perform various cellular functions, different wastes are produced. The filtration and removal of these cellular wastes from the body
a reduction in the amount of nadp available in plant cells in the light will ultimately result in which of the following effects? group of answer choices a decrease in the rate of cyclic electron flow a decrease in the rate of linear electron flow an increase in the rate of the calvin cycle an increase in the rate of oxygen production
Option a is correct that is reduction in the amount of NADP available in plant cells in the light will ultimately result in decrease in rate of cyclic electron flow.
In cyclic electron flow (CEF), photosystem I is the area where electrons are recycled. A transthylakoid proton gradient (pH) is produced as a result, which causes the generation of ATP without a corresponding increase in NADPH within the chloroplast.
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The diagram below shows organisms in a food web.
The organisms labeled A are MOST likely
carnivores.
decomposers.
herbivores.
producers.
Answer:
i think its decomposer's but there all on pointing towards a so i think decomposers are the best choice
have a good day!
Explanation: