An example of facilitated diffusion is protein channels embedded in the cell membrane helping large molecules enter the cell. So, the correct answer will be option (c).
The type of diffusion where the molecules move or transfer from a higher concentrated region to a lower concentrated region with the help of a carrier agent is generally known as Facilitated diffusion. Since facilitated diffusion is a type of passive diffusion, it does not need or use energy. Factors, such as the size of the molecules, temperature, diffusion distance, concentration, etc., take part in affecting facilitated diffusion. Some more examples of facilitated diffusion include Ion channels, Glucose transporter, Aquaporins, and so on.
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Compared to human cells, there are about _______ bacterial and archaeal cells inhabiting our bodies.
Compared to human cells, there are about 10 to 100 times as many bacterial and archaeal cells inhabiting our bodies.
Bacteria and archea, both, are unicellular, prokaryotic organisms. They are this very simple organisms consisting of only one cell. On the contrary, human is a complex organism that has millions of cells in his body. Therefore, we can say that our bodies contain between 10 and 100 times more bacterial and archaeal cells than human cells.
Cells make up organisms, which are highly organised structures. It's amazing how intricate even extremely basic, single-celled organisms are. Molecules are made up of atoms inside each cell. Organelles or cell components are created from these. In comparison to single-celled animals, multicellular organisms, have an advantage since their cells can be specialised to fulfil particular functions and even sacrificed in some circumstances for the benefit of the organism as a whole.
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in a population, 25% of individuals exhibit albinism which is a lack of production of the pigment melanin. it is caused by two recessive allele (q2). what is the frequency of the recessive allele (g) in this population?
The frequency of the recessive allele (gg) in a population where 25% individuals exhibit albinism is 0.5.
According to Hardy weinberg principle, the frequencies of the genotypes can be determined by an equation: [tex](p+q)^{2}[/tex] = [tex]p^{2}[/tex] + 2pq + [tex]q^{2}[/tex], where [tex]p^{2}[/tex] represents the frequency of homozygous dominant allele and [tex]q^{2}[/tex] represents frequency of homozygous recessive alleles. As albinism is caused by recessive alleles ([tex]q^{2}[/tex]), the frequency would be half of the total frquency, that is 0.5 of 1, because p + q = 1.
Making one of the many proteins involved in the manufacture of melanin is controlled by a number of genes. Melanocytes, which are cells present in your skin, hair, and eyes, are responsible for producing melanin. A change in one of these genes leads to albinism. Albinism is indeed inherited or passed down through families. When a person inherits an albinism gene from their parents, they are born with the condition.
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in a culture of green alga that is carrying out photosynthesis in the presence of co2 in the laboratory, what would happen to the levels of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate and 3-phosphoglycerate in the minutes after the lights were turned off and the cultures were plunged into darkness?
In the absence of light during photosynthesis, the levels of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate decreases while the levels of 3-phosphoglycerate increases.
Photosynthesis is the process of synthesizing food by the plant by using the inorganic raw materials like sunlight energy, water and carbon dioxide and producing sugar as well as by-product oxygen. This process occurs in two phases: the light reaction and the dark reaction.
3-phosphoglycerate is the first product formed during the Calvin cycle in the carboxylation reaction. It accumulates in the absence of light because the plant has the constant source of carbon dioxide from the environment and ATP is no required for this reaction. However, for RUBP, regeneration ATP is required which will not be synthesized in the absence of light.
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the desire to eat is stimulated by: a. cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (cart). b. alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (a-msh). c. peptide yy (pyy). d. agouti-related protein (agrp).
The desire to eat is increased by agouti-related protein (agrp). Protein makes up the majority of the body's organs, tissues, and body parts, including muscle, bone, skin, and hair.
Which benefits of eating protein stand out the most?Protein is used to build your muscles. Therefore, eating enough protein while strength training helps you maintain and build new muscle. Numerous studies have shown that eating more protein leads to gains in strength and muscle mass.
When your body doesn't have enough protein, what happens?A severe protein deficiency can lead to edema, fatty liver, aging skin, deterioration of diseases, and stunted growth in children. In wealthy countries, true insufficiency is rare, although inadequate intake can cause muscle atrophy and an increased risk of fractures.
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what is the probability of producing the genotype aabbcc in a cross of individuals who both possess this genotype: aabbcc?
1/64 is the probability of producing the genotype aabbcc in a cross of individuals who both possess this genotype.
The genotype AaBbCcDd has 4 genes that are heterozygous and can produce 24 different types of gametes.
What about genotype?Gene pool as a whole is characterized by the term "genotype," which broadly refers to an organism's genetic make-up.The phrase can also be used to describe to the alleles, or different forms of a gene, that an organism carries in a more specific meaning. In contrast, AS and SS shouldn't even consider getting married because there is a good probability that they will have a child who has sickle cell disease. Additionally, there is no way to avoid producing a child with sickle cell disease, so SS and SS must not be married.A genotype is a numerical representation of the type of variant found at a particular locus (i.e., region) in the genome.As an example, the letters BB, Bb, and bb could be used to indicate a specific gene variant.Despite the possibility of random spontaneous mutations, genotype typically does not vary from one environment to another. The same genotype, however, might result in a variety of phenotypes.Learn more about genotype here:
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what is the role of dna ligase in the elongation of the lagging strand during dna replication? question 5 options: it synthesizes rna nucleotides to make a primer. it catalyzes the lengthening of telomeres. it unwinds the parental double helix. it joins okazaki fragments together.
In the expansion of the lagging strand during DNA replication, Okazaki fragments are joined by DNA ligase. The right response in this case is option D.
The leading and lagging strands are two different types of DNA strands that are produced during DNA replication, which creates a new strand of DNA. Additionally, some chemicals are present to carry out particular tasks necessary for the synthesis of these new strands.
The lagging strands must devise strategies to make sure they produce the new strands in this direction because the production of the new strand runs from the 5' to 3' direction; as a result, the Okazaki fragments are produced.
The Okazaki fragments are then joined and sealed together by DNA ligase, creating a long strand that is complementary to its template.
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In tomato plants, having yellow fruit and dwarf vines is the recessive condition. Having red fruit and long vines is the dominant condition. A cross was done between two plants that were heterozygous for both traits.
What is the probability the offspring will have yellow fruit and dwarf vines?
Answer:
25% of offspring will have yellow fruit and dwarf vines
Explanation:
denoting that:
D - red fruit, long vines (dominant)
r - yellow fruit, dwarf vines (recessive)
parental phenotype: Red fruit 》 Red fruit
parental genotype: Dr 》 Dr
gametes: (D) (r) 》 (D) (r)
random fertilization: punnet square
D r
D DD Dr
r Dr rr
F1 generation phenotype: Red fruit 》 yellow fruit
F1 generation genotype: DD, Dr, Dr 》 rr
ratio: 3 : 1
percentage: 75% 》 25%
[ the symbol " 》" is used simply as a divider as if all the information were in a table]
which statement about evolution is false? group of answer choices evolution is possible in the absence of natural selection. evolutionary change requires genetic change. individuals evolve. developmental change occurs within an individual.
Answer:
evolution is possible in the absence of natural selection
Explanation:
Evolutionary processes depend on both changes in genetic variability and changes in allele frequencies over time. while Natural selection is the process through which populations of living organisms adapt and change. The common conception of evolution focuses on change due to natural selection.
What do genes regulate?
A. only the senses
B. all processes of the body
C. when a hormone is released
D. only physical traits
Answer:d
Explanation:they make your physical traits
Describe how you could measure the rate of photosynthesis using bromothymol blue
The rate of photosynthesis can be measured using bromothymol blue by measuring the pH of the solution.
What is Photosynthesis?This is defined as the process in which green plants manufacture food in the presence of sunlight and other compounds. This is therefore the reason why plants are regarded as primary producers in the ecosystem.
Carbon dioxide is used during the process and we are aware that it is an acidic gas. Bromothymol blue is an indicator which reacts with an acid to change color from blue to yellow which is therefore how it can be used to measure the rate of photosynthesis.
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during meiosis, if the parent cell starts with six chromosomes, how many chromosomes will be found in the cell at metaphase i and anaphase i? how many in metaphase ii and anaphase ii?
These chromatids are divided during anaphase and attracted to the opposite poles of the cell. This division produces 92 distinct chromatids in the cell, which are regarded as 92 chromosomes.
In the cell at anaphase 1, how many chromosomes are there?
chromosomes with 46 in total. From from point on, we will refer to these divided sister chromatids as daughter chromosomes. Each end of the cell has an identical and full set of 46 chromosomes, or 23 pairs of homologous chromosomes, at the end of anaphase; they are still diploid.
Metaphase 1 has how many chromosomes?
chromosomes with 46 in total. In metaphase I, there are a total of 46 chromosomes, each of which is made up of two sister chromatids. There are 23 homologous pairs with two full chromosomes in each. throughout telophase I.
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So wind and rain make?
-extra water in the ocean
-different temperatures of water
-different parts of the ocean have different amounts of salt
-the same temperature and salt in all areas
Answer:
this means that you cant find the answer
Explanation:
YR 7 BIOLOGY WORKSHEET!! Find attachment below ⬇️
In this question about muscle cells and cells, the correct options are.
B.
c.
c.
a.
b.
c.
a.
d.
b.
d.
b.
How is muscle tissue made up?
Muscle tissue is formed by elongated cells with the ability to contract, which are called muscle fibers. These fibers have several contractile protein filaments, that is, with the ability to contract. Among them are actin and myosin filaments.
What is muscle tissue?
Muscle tissue is a tissue of mesodermal origin characterized by the presence of elongated cells, called muscle fibers or myocytes, with a cytoplasm rich in protein fibers, which give this tissue the ability to contract.
What are the main characteristics of muscle tissue?Among its main characteristics are:
excitabilitycontractilityextensibility and elasticity.Muscles represent 40% of body mass. Therefore, in many animals muscle tissue is the most abundant. Muscle tissue cells are elongated and are called muscle fibers or myocytes.
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When a glucose molecule loses a hydrogen atom as the result of an oxidation-reduction reaction, the glucose molecule becomes.
When a glucose molecule loses a hydrogen atom as the result of an oxidation-reduction reaction, the molecule becomes oxidized.
A molecule undergoes oxidation when an electron is lost or when its oxidation state is raised. A molecule loses energy when it is oxidised.
When a molecule is reduced, one or more electrons are added, and energy is gained. In an exergonic process, glucose is converted into two molecules of pyruvic acid while losing an atom of hydrogen.
The primary form of sugar in the blood, glucose serves as the body's cells' main source of energy. Glucose can be produced by the body from other chemicals or it can be obtained from the meals we eat. The bloodstream carries glucose to the cells. Insulin is one of many hormones that regulate blood glucose levels.
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because each old strand of the parent molecule serves as a(n) for and is present in each new daughter strand, the process of dna replication can be described as .
Because every vintage strand of the determine molecule serves as a template for and is found in every new daughter strand, the process of DNA replication may be described as semiconservative.
Every newly synthesized DNA strand is made with the aid of adding complementary nucleotides to the original DNA strand. thus, DNA replication is semi-conservative. that is, one determine strand is continually exceeded on to her DNA daughter helix.
DNA bases are linked to each other via hydrogen bonds. Adenine and thymine are connected by means of two hydrogen bonds, and cytosine and guanine are related by means of 3 hydrogen bonds.
these bases make up the rungs of the twisted ladder that is DNA. Seals a DNA sequence into consecutive double strands.
DNA replication results in DNA molecules which include a brand new strand of nucleotides and an antique strand of nucleotides. A DNA strand complementary to the parental DNA strand is constantly synthesized inside the direction of the replication fork permitting the polymerase to feature nucleotides in that route.
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During meiosis, non-sister chromatids may exchange sections of dna leading to genetic diversity. What is this process called?.
During meiosis, non-sister chromatids may exchange sections of DNA leading to genetic diversity due to (A) crossing over process.
The earliest source of genetic diversity in the meiotic nucleus comes from crossover events. A paternal chromosome and a maternal chromosome swap comparable DNA in response to a single crossover event between homologous non-sister chromatids. Now, that sister chromatid will contain some DNA from one parent of the person and some DNA from the other parent when it is inserted into a gamete cell. A combination of maternal and paternal genes that didn't exist before the crossover can be found in the sister recombinant chromatid. The result of multiple crossovers in a chromosomal arm is the same—exchanging DNA fragments to produce recombinant chromosomes.
There is a chromatid crossover between homologous chromosomes' non-sister chromatids. The genetic material exchange between homologous chromosomes is the outcome.
The complete question is:
During meiosis, non-sister chromatids may exchange sections of DNA leading to genetic diversity. What is this process called?
o crossing-over
o nondisjunction
o karyotypes
o independent assortment
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someone please solve this how doi find the mean mass
The mean mass of a single primary consumer is 1.67 * 10⁻⁴ g.
What is the mean mass of a single primary consumer?A primary consumer is a consumer that depends primarily on the producer for its nutrition.
The mean mass of a single primary consumer is obtained using the formula below:
Mean mass of a single primary consumer = total biomass in g per m² / number of individuals per m²The total biomass in g per m² = 2.5
The number of individuals per m² = 1.5 * 10⁴
Mean mass = 2.5 / 1.5 * 10⁴
mean mass = 1.67 * 10⁻⁴ g
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which of the following statements is true? question 2 options: a. atoms exist within molecules, molecules exist within macromolecules, macromolecules exist within organelles, organelles exist within cells. b. organelles exist within cells, which exist within macromolecules c. macromolecules exist within molecules, molecules exist within cells, cells exist within tissues. d. tissues exist within organelles, organelles exist within organs, organs exist within organisms. e. molecules exist within atoms, atoms exist within organelles, organelles exist within cells, cells exist within tissues.
Of the options provided, only option an is accurate. This is so because only Option A displays the correct organizational hierarchy.
Because an atom is the smallest structural and functional unit and because molecules are made up of many atoms, option a's claim that atoms exist within molecules is true. Similar to how molecules join to make macromolecules, organelles are made of macromolecules. Macromolecules are so found inside organelles. Finally, organelles are found inside cells.
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ANALYZE Old-growth forests have remained undisturbed for hundreds of years or more. From what you see in the photo, what are some characteristics of a stable ecosystem?
Defining traits of a stable ecosystem:
If an ecosystem has the propensity to return to its equilibrium following a disturbance or perturbation, it is said to be stable or in equilibrium.
When the organisms in an ecosystem are interdependent, an ecosystem can be stable.
What traits distinguish an old-growth forest?They have large, old trees from long-lived species that are past the age of conventional rotation (harvest). Other characteristics of high-quality old growth forests include a complex stand structure (including snags and woody debris), high stand mortality, and a lack of invasive species.
An ecosystem's inhabitants all depend on one another for their survival and continued existence, which is known as interdependence.
Plants and animals are interdependent, whether directly or indirectly.
Just as snakes eat rats and rats eat plants and grains, an eagle will eventually consume this snake. The interdependence of the food chains of animals and plants is the cause of all of this.
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which brain structure maintains homeostasis and influences blood pressure, heart rate, digestive activity, breathing rate, and other important physiological functions in the body?
The hypothalamus regulates homeostasis and affects body temperature, blood pressure, heart rate, digestive activity, and breathing rate.
A section of the forebrain located beneath the thalamus. The central nervous system's control and coordination are the hypothalamus' primary responsibilities. The hypothalamus aids in maintaining homeostasis, or body balance.
The major hormones secreted from the hypothalamus include thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). The brain's deep structures serve as the body's intelligent control and coordination hub. Its major job is to maintain homeostasis, a constant state of equilibrium in your body. It carries out its function through controlling hormones or by directly affecting your autonomic nervous system.
Thus, the hypothalamus regulates homeostasis, blood pressure, heart rate, digestive activity, breathing rate, and body temperature.
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homoserine is: a) a precursor of both methionine and threonine. b) a precursor of serine. c) derived from homocysteine. d) derived from serine. e) derived from threonine
Homoserine is considered to be a precursor of both methionine and threonine.
So, the correct option is A.
Homoserine, or its lactone form, is produced when cyanogen bromide cleaves a peptide caused by methionine breakdown. Methionine, threonine, an isomer of homoserine, and isoleucine are the three necessary amino acids that are produced during the production of homoserine. Homoserine, a precursor of threonine and methionine, inhibits the activity of glutamate dehydrogenase, an enzyme that catalyzes the first process in the absorption of ammonia. This impact is supported by physiological and biochemical data.
Methionine, threonine, an isomer of homoserine, and isoleucine are the three necessary amino acids that are produced during the production of homoserine. Glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid (TCA), and the citric acid cycle are all components of the whole metabolic route.
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which of the following is not a cytopathic effect of viruses? which of the following is not a cytopathic effect of viruses? inclusion bodies forming in the cytoplasm or nucleus host cells fusing to form multinucleated syncytia toxin production cell death increased cell growth
Cytopathic effects are alterations in cell morphology brought on by an infecting virus (CPE). The rounding of the infected cell, the fusing of the infected cell with neighboring cells to produce syncytia (prokaryotes), and the formation of nuclear or cytoplasmic inclusion bodies are typical examples.
Absolute destruction The most severe cytopathic effect is this one. Complete Destruction The glass surface is seeded with a monolayer of host cells, and a viral infection that causes focal degeneration is then introduced. Syncytium, inclusion bodies, foamy degeneration, swelling and clumpingCytopathic effect (CPE), structural alterations brought on by viral infection in a host cell. CPE happens when the infecting virus causes the host cell to lyse (dissolve), or when the cell dies without lysing because it cannot divide.To know more about Cytopathic
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which fcr inhibits naive b lymphocyte antigen activation when preexisting antibody to that antigen is present?
CD4+ T cell fcr inhibits naive b lymphocyte antigen activation when preexisting antibody to that antigen is present.
What is B Lymphocyte ?white blood cells of a certain type that produce antibodies. The immune system's B lymphocytes are created from stem cells in the bone marrow. also known as a B cell.
T lymphocytes are necessary for cell-mediated immunity, while B lymphocytes are in charge of humoral immunity. The role of the natural killer cell is in cell-mediated and cytotoxic immunity.
Transitional, naïve, plasma, and memory B cells are the four primary types of B cells, and each has a distinct function in the maturation process.
What is Antigen ?An antigen in immunology is a molecule, molecular structure, foreign particle, pollen grain, etc. that can attach to a particular antibody or T-cell receptor. An immunological reaction may be brought on by the presence of antigens in the body.
Any substance that triggers the production of antibodies by your immune system is referred to as an antigen. This indicates that your immune system is attempting to combat the chemical because it does not recognize it. A substance from the environment, such as chemicals, germs, viruses, or pollen, can
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retroviruses multiple choice produce protein directly from dna. only invade plants. contain dna. produce rna from dna. contain the enzyme reverse transcriptase.
Direct protein synthesis from DNA occurs in retroviruses. comprise DNA. from DNA, make RNA. simply plants invading. contain reverse transcriptase as an enzyme.
Why do you use the term "retrovirus"?(REH-troh-VY-rus) A category of virus whose genetic material is RNA rather than DNA. Reverse transcriptase is an enzyme that is used to integrate into the DNA of the host cells. This enables the virus to replicate often in the host cells.
What makes retroviruses unique?Because they multiply by reversibly encoding their genes into host cells, retroviruses are special. The most well-known retrovirus to infect people is HIV. Different species have been found to contract other retroviruses.
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which cell is indicated by the arrow? identifying cells of the nervous system which cell is indicated by the arrow? identifying cells of the nervous system microglial neuron astrocyte oligodendrocyte
The arrow points to an oligodendrocyte cell, which is one of the central nervous system's myelinating cells (CNS).
What role does the oligodendrocyte cell play?In the CNS, neurons are wrapped in specialized glial cells called oligodendrocytes. The major task of oligodendrocytes is to produce and maintain the myelin coating that envelops axons. Additionally, they take involved in the shaping of higher order neural systems and axonal control.
What components make up oligodendrocytes?They originated from the mesenchyme cells in the embryonic neural tube. These cells develop into glial cells, which create the progenitor cells for oligodendrocytes. The spinal cord and the brain then undergo oligodendrocyte maturation from these cells.
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Provide a possible mechanism for why the muscle was unable to maintain a prolonged contraction during fatigue.
Muscles can't sustain prolonged contractions during fatigue because muscles can run out of energy (ATP), so ATP production will be diverted by anaerobic means. The anaerobic process will produce more lactic acid, so lactic acid will accumulate and diffuse into the blood fluid.
What causes muscle fatigue other than lactic acid buildup?Several opinions explain the onset of muscle fatigue, including:
Lactic acid accumulation is the cause of muscle fatigue.Due to the accumulation of free H+ derived from the hydrolysis of ATP and anaerobic glycolysis in exercising muscles.In increasing exercise intensity, energy is mainly obtained from the hydrolysis of ATP and anaerobic glycolysis. Both of these processes produce free H+. With the increasing intensity and demand for ATP, the process of anaerobic glycolysis and ATP hydrolysis increases. In this condition, there is an increase in the concentration of H+ ions from anaerobic glycolysis and ATP hydrolysis, and if the buffering capacity of the cells is exceeded, the accumulation of free H+ will cause muscle fatigue.
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describe the events that occur at the neuromusclar junction and how the action potential is generated
An action potential travels down the axon upon depolarization, causing voltage-gated calcium channels to open, resulting in an influx of calcium ions into the nerve terminal.
A neuromuscular junction (NMJ), also known as a myoneural junction, connects motor neurons to muscle fibers. This is the location where the neuron sends a signal from the brain to the muscle fiber, causing it to contract.
The nerve fiber can send a signal to the muscle fiber at the neuromuscular junction by releasing ACh (and other substances), causing muscle contraction.
When the nervous system sends signals to the muscles, they either contract or relax. The signal exchange takes place at the neuromuscular junction.
The membrane depolarizes above the threshold voltage at each node, and the influx of sodium ions initiates the action potential via Nav once more.
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A child is born with cystic fibrosis.
Which statement best describes the alleles possessed by the parents?
Answer:
A (both parents possess at least one recessive allele...)
Explanation:
because cystic fibrosis is a recessive gene generally, it would be best to assume that each parent has passed on the recessive gene.
definition in metabolic processes of cell respiration and photosynthesis, prosthetic groups such as heme and iron-sulfur complexes are encountered in components of the electron transport chain. what do they do? a) donate electrons b) act as reducing agents c) act as oxidizing agents d) transport protons within the mitochondria and chloroplasts e) both oxidize and reduce during electron transport
Both oxidize and reduce during electron transport. Option E.
Photosynthesis produces glucose this is used in cell respiratory to provide ATP. Glucose is then converted to carbon dioxide and used for photosynthesis. Water is damaged down into oxygen throughout photosynthesis, but oxygen combines with hydrogen during cell respiration to provide water.
Cell respiratory is a chain of metabolic reactions and strategies that convert biochemical energy from nutrients to adenosine triphosphate ATP and launch waste merchandise inside the cells of an organism.
Metabolism is the chemical response within the frame's cells that convert food into strength. Our our bodies want this power to do the entirety from transferring to wondering to developing. positive proteins in the frame control metabolic chemical reactions.
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explain how erosion and deposition of a river's material over time, as the water flows down through, made the old stream look the way it does.
Erosion and deposition occurs by slow flowing rivers creates broad floodplains and meanders.
How do erosion and deposition occur?Rivers and bourn deposit sediment where the speed of the water current decreases. In rivers, toppling occurs along the inside bank of the river bend. This "area" is where water flows slower while erosion happens along the outside bank of the bend, where the water flows a lot faster. Most river erosion happens close to the mouth of a river. On a river bend, the longest sharp side has slower moving water. Here deposits build up. On the narrowest sharpest side of the curve, there is faster-moving water so this side tends to crumble away mostly.
So we can conclude that land use and stream oversight can also trigger erosion responses.
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