Which of the following is true about DNA mutations?

Answer:

Fungi, insects, and earthworms

Explanation:

They decompose wastes, returning nitrogen back to the ecosystem.

Answer: The three main research methods used are observation, modeling, and experimentation.

Explanation:

Observation:

Every experiment requires observation. Ecologists must observe the environment, the species within it, and how those species interact, grow and change. Different research projects different types of assessments and observations.

Ecologists sometimes use a desk-based assessment, or DBA, to collect and summarize information about specific areas of interest. In this scenario, ecologists are using information already collected from other sources.

Oftentimes, however, ecologists rely on observation and fieldwork. This entails going into the habitat of the subject of interest to observe it in its natural state. By doing field surveys, ecologists can track the population growth of species, observe community ecology in action and study the impact of any new species or other introduced phenomena in the environment.

Each field site will differ in nature, shape, or other ways. Ecological methods allow for such differences so that different tools can be used for observations and sampling. It is crucial that sampling be done randomly to combat bias.

Modeling:

Ecological methods rely heavily on statistical and mathematical models. These provide ecologists with a way to predict how an ecosystem will change over time and react to changing conditions in a system.

Modeling also provides another way to decipher ecological information when fieldwork is not practical. There are several drawbacks to relying solely on fieldwork. Because of the typically large scale of fieldwork, it is not possible to replicate experiments exactly. Sometimes even the lifespan of organisms is a rate-limiting factor for fieldwork. Other challenges include time, labor, and space.

Modeling provides a method in which to streamline information more efficiently.

Examples of modeling include equations, simulations, graphs, and statistical analyses. Ecologists use modeling for producing helpful maps as well. Modeling allows for calculations of data to fill in gaps from sampling. Without modeling, ecologists would be hampered by the sheer amount of data that needs to be analyzed and communicated. Computer modeling allows for comparatively rapid analysis of data.

A simulation model, for example, enables the description of systems that would otherwise be extremely difficult and too complex for traditional calculus. Modeling allows scientists to study coexistence, population dynamics, and many other aspects of ecology. Modeling can help predict patterns for crucial planning purposes, such as for climate change.

Humanity’s impact on the environment will continue. It, therefore, becomes ever more crucial for ecologists to use ecological research methods to find ways to mitigate the effects on the environment.

Experimentation:

The overarching purpose of ecological methods for research is to get high-quality data. Experiments must be carefully planned.

Hypothesis: The first step in any experimental design is to come up with a hypothesis or scientific question. Then, researchers can come up with a detailed plan.

Factors that affect fieldwork experiments include the size and shape of an area that needs to be sampled. Field site sizes range from small to very large, depending on what ecological communities are being studied. Experiments in animal ecology must take into account the potential movement and size of animals.

For example, spiders would not require a large field site for study. The same would be true when studying soil chemistry or soil invertebrates. You could use a size of 15 meters by 15 meters.

Herbaceous plants and small mammals might require field sites of up to 30 square meters. Trees and birds might need a couple of hectares. If you are studying large, mobile animals, such as deer or bears, this could mean needing a quite large area of several hectares.

Deciding upon the number of sites is also crucial. Some field studies might require only one site. But if two or more habitats are included in the study, two or more field sites are necessary.

Tools: Tools used for field sites include transects, sampling plots, plotless sampling, the point method, the transect-intercept method, and the point-quarter method. The goal is to get unbiased samples of a high-enough quantity that statistical analyses will be sounder. Recording information on field data sheets aids in the data collection.

A well-designed ecological experiment will have a clear statement of purpose or question. Researchers should take extraordinary care to remove bias by providing both replication and randomization. Knowledge of the species being studied as well as the organisms within them is paramount.

Results: Upon completion, collected ecological data should be analyzed with a computer. There are three types of ecological experiments that can be made: manipulative, natural, and observational.

Hope This Helps!

The 3 general methods used by ecologists to study organisms include:

Observation involves observing organisms in their natural habitats or environments and then recording the findings. It is usually done by field surveying.

The different species living in an environment, how they interact with each other and other abiotic components of the environment are some of the observations taking during field surveys. The growth of individual species, the effects of introducing new species, their adaptations and other areas of community or ecosystem ecology can be studied through observation.

Modelling requires a simulation of real-life ecological processes through  different manipulations. This could be done in the laboratory, on the field, or even on the computer. Computer modelling requires that data from observation or experimentation are supplied as input and the inputs are subject to mathematical maneuvering.

With models, complex ecological processes can be simulated and analyzed and extrapolated to deduce how things might happen in real life ecological interactions.  

Experimentation involves setting up experiments following the scientific method. It can be a observational or controlled experiments.

Observational experiments requires studying organisms, populations, communities, or ecosystems through pure observation without changing or manipulating any variable.

Controlled experiments requires that variables are introduced and manipulated in some groups while some groups serve as the baseline without any manipulated variables.

Data are obtained from experiments and these are analyzed in relevant ways to support or reject hypotheses.  

More on ecological studies can be found here: https://brainly.com/question/22875048

Answer: A because before used to be fossils.

Not shure just double check but from my side its A

Explanation:

Answer:

Nucleotides

Explanation:

Answer:

i would number one

Explanation:

Eukarya, Archaea, and Eubacteria constitute the three major branches of living organisms (excluding viruses). Eukaryotes are organisms consisting of one or more eukaryotic cells, the most distinctive feature of which is the presence of a membrane-bound nucleus containing the cell's genetic information.

hope this helps

Answer:

most prokaryotes have a single double stranded circular DNA

the cell's nucleoid

Answer:

c

Explanation:

Answer: Mitochondria

Explanation:

Answer:

The first answer would be a polymer and the second answer would be a monomer.

Answer:

d) transport of rocks and mineral through wind

Answer:

what is it bro i need it too

Explanation:

Answer:

i think it's A.

Explanation:

i hope i'm not to late and that this helps-

Answer:

B

Good gaming skills is not inheritable, but is learned. A, C, and D can all be passed down.

Answer:

yes it would change

Explanation:

lots of factors can contribute like acceleration distance and resistance.

Answer:

Moth Orchid

Explanation:

The Moth Orchid is the most common type of orchid and bears the name because of its supposed resemblance to a moth in flight. Native to Southeast Asia, the Philippines, and northern Australia, the Moth Orchid isn't exactly hard to find, and it comes in nearly every colour of the rainbow.

Answer:

1- A

2- 4

3- A with T

G with C

T with A

Explanation:

The nucleic acid is made up of five major nitrogenous bases. These nitrogenous bases are adenine (A), guanine (G), thymine (T), and cytosine (C). Adenine is always paired with thymine, and guanine is always paired with cytosine. These are known as base pairs. Uracil is only present in RNA, by replacing thymine.

Answer:

Cell division, as this includes meiosis and mitosis, which are types of asexual reprodcution

Explanation:

Answer:

under stand the process

Explanation:

i took the test

goodluck to people taking it

Answer:

A) Phloem

Explanation:

1-D

2-A

this is due to pollution

Answer:

1) B

2) A

3) A

4) D

Explanation:

An atom is neutral because it contains an equal number of protons and electrons. Though the atom actually contains neutrons, this reason does not explain the electrical neutrality of the atom.

The L shell actually contains eight electrons because the maximum number of electrons accommodated in each shell is given by 2n^2 where n is the principal quantum number. Since the L-shell corresponds to n=2 then the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.

The valency of atoms is determined by the number of electrons in the outermost shell of the atom. Remember that atoms having a filed valence shell(eight electrons in the outermost shell) have a valency of zero. Hence the noble gases possess a zero valency. Thus the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.

Nitrogen forms its ion by electron gain and not by electron loss because nitrogen forms an anion. This anion is formed by a gain of three electrons. The assertion is false but the reason is true.

Answer: Mantle

Explanation:

Answer:

Archaebacteria are obligate or facultative anaerobes, i.e., they flourish in the absence of oxygen and that is why only they can undergo methanogenesis.

The cell membranes of the Archaebacteria are composed of lipids.

The rigid cell wall provides shape and support to the Archaebacteria. It also protects the cell from bursting under hypotonic conditions.

The cell wall is composed of Pseudomurein, which prevents archaebacteria from the effects of Lysozyme. Lysozyme is an enzyme released by the immune system of the host, which dissolves the cell wall of pathogenic bacteria.

These do not possess membrane-bound organelles such as nuclei, endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, lysosomes or chloroplast. Its thick cytoplasm contains all the compounds required for nutrition and metabolism.

They can live in a variety of environments and are hence called extremophiles. They can survive in acidic and alkaline aquatic regions, and also in temperature above boiling point.

They can withstand a very high pressure of more than 200 atmospheres.

Archaebacteria are indifferent towards major antibiotics because they contain plasmids which have antibiotic resistance enzymes.

The mode of reproduction is asexual, known as binary fission.

They perform unique gene transcription.

The differences in their ribosomal RNA suggest that they diverged from both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

Answer: Archaebacteria are obligate or facultative anaerobes, i.e., they flourish in the absence of oxygen and that is why only they can undergo methanogenesis.

The cell membranes of the Archaebacteria are composed of lipids.

The rigid cell wall provides shape and support to the Archaebacteria.

Explanation:

Hope this helps :)

Answer:

a

Explanation

its called erosion

Answer:

this is what i put, i tried my best and im sorry its not the greatest but maybe it can help some of you out and give you some ideas.

Agriculture is the leading source of pollution in many countries. Pesticides, fertilizers, and other toxic farm chemicals can poison fresh water, marine ecosystems, air, and soil. They also can remain in the environment for generations.

Agriculture contributes to a number larger of environmental problems that cause environmental degradation including climate change, deforestation, biodiversity loss, dead zones, genetic engineering, irrigation problems, pollutants, soil degradation, and waste.

Humans impact the physical environment in many ways: overpopulation, pollution, burning fossil fuels, and deforestation. Changes like these have triggered climate change, soil erosion, poor air quality, and undrinkable water.

Fossil fuels began to be used, which led to increased pollution, and the construction of factories led to the loss of habitat for many wild animals. The development of agriculture has led to the emergence of new plant varieties, domestication of animals, and disturbance of soil composition.

Therefore, some of the environmental problems caused by the agriculture and natural resource industry are well described above.

To learn more about Environmental problems, refer to the link:

https://brainly.com/question/15119899

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Answer:

1. The arrows point in the way they do because it shows what eats what. These arrows point to specific things in a way that makes sure the ecosystem is balanced.

2. The role of the striped fish is to eat the zooplankton and be the tuna's food.   And the tuna gets eaten by the shark or seal, so its a continuous chain.

Explanation: