which of the following people was a republican? a. andrew butler b. stephen douglas c. preston brooks d. abraham lincoln

Shays' Rebellion was caused by economic hardship and dissatisfaction among Massachusetts farmers following the American Revolutionary War. The main factor was the heavy debt burden farmers faced, combined with high taxes and the lack of a stable currency.

This led to foreclosures and seizures of property, as well as the imprisonment of debtors. In response, Daniel Shays, a former Revolutionary War captain, organized a rebellion against the Massachusetts government in 1786-1787.

One of the significant effects of Shays' Rebellion was the realization that the Articles of Confederation were insufficient in maintaining law and order. The rebellion exposed the weaknesses of the national government, which lacked the power to raise funds or maintain a standing army to suppress the uprising.

This event helped to catalyze the push for a stronger central government, eventually leading to the drafting and ratification of the United States Constitution in 1787. The Constitution aimed to address the shortcomings of the Articles of Confederation and establish a more robust federal government capable of maintaining stability and order.

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The contribution of the Islamic Golden Age that is shown above is the use of paper instead of parchment. Thus, option (c) is correct.

The Islamic Golden Age was an era in the Middle East and Eurasia during which Muslims extended world knowledge by inventing various inventions in fields ranging from math to science and even religion.

The Islamic Golden Age enabled numerous things, the most important of which was that the spoken words of the Prophets could be conveyed to different regions of the world where Muslims travelled.

As a result, the significance of the Islamic Golden Age are the aforementioned. Therefore, option (c) is correct.

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Longshoremen and Harbor Workers' Compensation Act. This act specifically provides benefits for workers who are involved in loading and unloading vessels, as well as those who repair them.

It is important to note that workers' compensation laws may vary by state and industry, so it is always best to consult with a qualified attorney or employer representative to determine coverage and eligibility. This act primarily focuses on providing compensation and benefits to workers engaged in maritime occupations such as longshoremen, harbor workers, and those involved in ship-related activities. Shipbuilding is a separate category and may fall under different regulations and compensation programs.

The intent of the LHWCA is to ensure that workers in maritime industries receive adequate compensation and support in the event of work-related injuries or occupational diseases. It encompasses a broad scope of occupations within the maritime sector, including those involved in shipbuilding, ship repair, and ship-related activities.

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]In foreign affairs, perhaps Nixon's greatest accomplishment was the normalization of relations between the United States and the People's Republic of China.

This groundbreaking diplomatic achievement was a significant step towards easing tensions during the Cold War. Before Nixon's presidency, the US and China had limited contact due to ideological differences and China's support for North Vietnam during the Vietnam War. Nixon recognized the importance of establishing a dialogue with China to balance the power dynamics in the region and enhance US influence globally.

In 1971, Nixon sent National Security Advisor Henry Kissinger on a secret mission to China, laying the groundwork for Nixon's historic visit in 1972. During his visit, Nixon met with Chinese leader Mao Zedong and Premier Zhou Enlai, discussing issues such as Taiwan, trade, and arms control. This marked the first time a US president had visited the People's Republic of China, and it signified a major shift in US foreign policy.

The most tangible outcome of this rapprochement was the Shanghai Communiqué, a joint statement acknowledging the "One China" policy and establishing the basis for future cooperation. Nixon's efforts paved the way for the eventual normalization of relations between the US and China, which was formalized in 1979. By engaging with China, Nixon significantly contributed to reducing Cold War tensions and promoting global stability.

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The task labor system originated from the practice of assigning tasks to enslaved people on plantations in the American South.

Under this system, enslaved individuals were given a specific amount of work to complete within a designated timeframe, after which they were allowed to tend to their own personal needs and pursuits.

This system was used primarily in the cultivation of crops such as tobacco, cotton, and sugar, and was intended to maximize productivity and minimize costs for plantation owners.

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A) The Mexican government was worried about the encroaching westward expansion of the United States, a mainly Protestant nation, and therefore wanted the new province to be as Catholic as the rest of Mexico.

Religion was an important component of the settlement contract for Texas, as the Mexican government was concerned about the religious makeup of the settlers. At the time, the United States was a predominantly Protestant nation, and the Mexican government wanted to ensure that the new province of Texas remained primarily Catholic. To that end, the contract required settlers to be Catholic and to swear allegiance to Mexico.

This was an attempt to prevent the Protestant settlers from bringing their culture and beliefs into Texas, which was then part of Mexico.

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The environmental policy most likely affect a city's economy by: B. By protecting valuable natural resources

Environmental regulations that prioritise preserving natural resources like forests, waterways and animal habitats can benefit the economy. Cities may draw visitors and outdoor enthusiasts by protecting these resources which will boost revenue from tourism-related sectors including hospitality, leisure and ecotourism.

By guaranteeing a steady supply of resources for sectors like forestry, agriculture and fisheries the protection of natural resources may also have long-term economic advantages.

Therefore the correct option is B.

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W.E.B. Du Bois was an African American sociologist, historian, and civil rights activist who lived from 1868 to 1963. He is best known for his leadership in the Niagara Movement, which sought to promote equal rights for African Americans. Du Bois believed that education and political activism were the keys to achieving equality for African Americans.

Du Bois disagreed with Booker T. Washington's approach to achieving equality. Washington believed that African Americans should focus on vocational training and economic self-sufficiency rather than political and social equality. Du Bois believed that Washington's approach would perpetuate racial inequality and that African Americans should demand full and equal rights as citizens.

Du Bois also advocated for the importance of education in achieving equality. He believed that education was the key to unlocking economic and social opportunities for African Americans. Du Bois founded the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) in 1909 to promote equal rights and challenge racial discrimination.

In summary, W.E.B. Du Bois was a prominent civil rights leader who advocated for political activism and education as the means to achieve equality for African Americans. He disagreed with Booker T. Washington's approach and believed that African Americans should demand full and equal rights as citizens.

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The statement that best summarizes the primary goal of NATO is: to unite Western Europe in response to the threat of Communist aggression.

NATO, or the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, was established in 1949 as a collective defense alliance among North American and European countries.

Its primary goal was to create a unified defense against the perceived threat of Soviet expansion and Communist aggression during the Cold War.

NATO aimed to promote mutual defense and security among its member countries, particularly in Western Europe, by coordinating military efforts, sharing intelligence, and providing a deterrent against potential aggression from the Soviet Union and its allies.

The alliance sought to strengthen the collective security of its member states and deter any potential military actions from the Eastern Bloc.

While NATO has evolved and expanded its focus beyond its original Cold War objectives, its initial purpose was to unite Western Europe in the face of the perceived threat of Communist aggression and promote stability and security in the region.

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The primary goal of NATO is to unite Western Europe in response to the threat of Communist aggression.

NATO was established in 1949 in response to the Soviet Union's expansionist policies and the fear of Communist oppression spreading to Western Europe. Its primary purpose was to provide a collective defense against any potential aggression from the Soviet Union and its allies.

While NATO has evolved over the years to include other goals, such as promoting democratic values and stability in the Euro-Atlantic area, its core objective remains the same - to ensure the security and defense of its member states against external threats.

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around 1527

Sapa Inca Huayna Capac (also spelled Wayna Qhapaq) contracted smallpox and died in 1527.

In the 1980s, Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev implemented a series of reforms aimed at modernizing the Soviet Union and improving its economy. However, these reforms also led to tensions within the Soviet Union and throughout the Soviet Bloc of Eastern Europe.

Gorbachev's policies of glasnost (openness) and perestroika (restructuring) allowed for greater freedom of speech and press, but also led to increased criticism of the Soviet government and calls for greater democracy. This, in turn, led to protests and demonstrations in cities throughout the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe.

In addition, Gorbachev's reforms also led to economic hardships, as the government's attempts to move towards a market-based economy resulted in job losses and inflation. This led to further unrest and dissatisfaction among the population.

The tensions within the Soviet Union eventually led to its collapse in 1991, as the various republics sought greater autonomy and independence. The fall of the Soviet Union also had a significant impact on the countries of Eastern Europe, many of which began to move towards democratic reforms and closer ties with the West.

According to our text, very few scientists disagree with Disagreement among scientists is one of the weaknesses of science.

A controlled, repeatable and/or carefully proven statement. A descriptive generalization approximately how a few factor of the herbal global behaves below said circumstances. It includes making observations at the phenomenon being studied, suggesting factors for the observations, and checking out those feasible factors, additionally referred to as hypotheses, through making new observations. A speculation is a scientist's proposed rationalization of a phenomenon which nonetheless should be tested. Most of the GMO vegetation grown nowadays had been evolved to assist farmers save you crop and meals loss and manipulate weeds.

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Complete question-

According to your text, very few scientists disagree with _______.

The option that is a duty of the executive branch in Washington is:

D. Looking over public schools, state education standards, and school funding.

The executive branch of the government is responsible for implementing and enforcing laws and policies. In the context of Washington state, the executive branch, led by the governor, has the duty to oversee various aspects of public administration, including education. This includes reviewing public schools, state education standards, and school funding to ensure the effective functioning of the education system.

The executive branch in Washington, like in other states, plays a significant role in setting education policies, allocating resources, and overseeing the administration of public schools.

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The United States was justified in going to war against Spain in 1898. The Spanish had inflicted a series of atrocities on Cuban citizens, including the sinking of the U.S. battleship USS Maine.

Additionally, Spain refused to acknowledge Cuban sovereignty and treated them as a colony, prompting a guerrilla revolt by the Cuban people. The United States had also tried for several years to negotiate with Spain to end their oppressive rule in Cuba, but to no avail.

The war, known as the Spanish-American War, was declared in 1898 by the U.S. government, and by 1901 Spain had lost the war and ceded control of Cuba and other possessions to the United States.

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Once begun, the War of 1812 was supported strongly by many Americans who saw it as an opportunity to assert their national identity and defend their sovereignty against British aggression.

Despite initial opposition from some quarters, particularly in New England, the war effort gained momentum as American victories on land and sea boosted morale and patriotic fervor. Many Americans also rallied behind the war effort in response to British attacks on American ships and sailors, as well as the perception that British policy towards the United States was insulting and unjust.

Ultimately, the War of 1812 helped to solidify American independence and establish the United States as a major world power.

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General Zachary Taylor, living in Louisiana, was a slave owner. General Zachary Taylor is also known for his military leadership and presidency.

General Zachary Taylor was a renowned military leader who served as the 12th President of the United States from 1849 until his untimely death in 1850. Prior to his presidency, Taylor had a long and distinguished military career, rising through the ranks to become a major general and leading U.S. forces to victory in several key battles.

While it is not clear whether Taylor was a corn farmer, factory owner, or shipping magnate, it is known that he was heavily involved in the cotton industry. Cotton was a major cash crop in the South during Taylor's time, and many plantation owners like him relied on its production for their wealth and livelihood.

Overall, while General Zachary Taylor is primarily known for his military leadership and presidency, his life in Louisiana as a plantation owner and likely slave owner sheds light on the complex and often troubling history of the American South during the 19th century.

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The Lindy Hop dance style was not specifically named by a single individual.

The Lindy Hop, a lively and energetic swing dance style that emerged in the 1920s and 1930s, is credited to several influential dancers and musicians of the time. However, it is widely accepted that the dance was not specifically named by a single individual.

The Lindy Hop drew its influences from various dance styles, including the Charleston, tap dance, and breakaway, and evolved in the vibrant African American communities of Harlem, New York City.  Its origins can be traced back to dancers who were instrumental in shaping and popularizing the dance.

The name "Lindy Hop" itself has an interesting origin. It is believed to have been coined during the height of the dance's popularity in the late 1920s or early 1930s. The term "Lindy" was derived from Charles Lindbergh, an American aviator who completed the first solo transatlantic flight in 1927. Lindbergh's flight captured the public's attention and inspired widespread media coverage, making him a prominent figure of the time.

As Lindbergh became a cultural icon, the Lindy Hop dance style gained popularity. The name "Lindy Hop" is thought to have been chosen as a playful reference to Lindbergh's fame and the dance's joyful and exuberant nature.

While no single individual can be credited with officially naming the Lindy Hop, its development and rise to prominence can be attributed to the collective efforts of the talented dancers, musicians, and community members who embraced and championed the style during the vibrant swing era.

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In 2014, there were approximately 15,696 reported murders in the United States, according to the FBI's Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Program.

The UCR is a nationwide program that collects and analyzes crime data from participating law enforcement agencies, providing an annual report on various types of crimes. The number of murders can vary depending on factors such as population, socio-economic conditions, and law enforcement efforts. It is important to note that the reported figures may not account for all murders, as some cases may go unreported or be classified differently by various jurisdictions.

To gain a better understanding of murder rates, it is helpful to consider them in relation to the population size. For instance, the UCR also calculates the murder rate per 100,000 inhabitants. In 2014, the murder rate in the United States was approximately 4.5 per 100,000 people.

Overall, analyzing murder rates over time can provide insights into the effectiveness of crime prevention strategies and identify trends or patterns. Law enforcement agencies can use this information to adjust their policies and resource allocations to address specific crime issues more effectively. By examining murder rates and other crime statistics, we can work towards creating safer communities for everyone.

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The Louis Horst, Erick Hawkins, Isamu Noguchi, and Ron Protas contribute to her development as a dancer/creator by accompanist, composer, and music director for Martha Graham.

Martha Graham, persuasive American artist, instructor, and choreographer of current dance whose ballet productions and different works were planned to "uncover the internal man." She created more than 180 works over the course of more than 50 years, ranging from solos to large-scale works, the majority of which she danced in herself. As a vehicle for the ferocious and forceful expression of primal emotions, she gave modern dance new depth.

For Martha Graham, the dance, similar to the expressed show, can investigate the profound and close to home substance of people. As a result, the choreography of Frontier represented the frontier woman's accomplishment of mastering a new territory. The entire dance-drama of Night Journey (1948), a play about the Greek mythological figure Jocasta, takes place when Jocasta learns that she has mated with Oedipus, her own son, and given birth to children. The tragic victim is Jocasta, not Oedipus, and the play depicts her reliving her life and seeking justification for her actions. In a 1940 letter to the world, In this work about Emily Dickinson (also known as The Kick), several characters are used to show different aspects of the poet's personality.

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The given statement "the Chinese perception of collectivism is heavily influenced by Confucianism, and the interests of society and other groups are more important than family interests" is false. The correct answer is option b.

The Chinese perception of collectivism is indeed influenced by Confucianism, but it emphasizes the importance of family and kinship ties. Confucian teachings emphasize filial piety, respect for elders, and the maintenance of harmonious family relationships.

In Chinese culture, the family unit is often regarded as the fundamental building block of society, and family interests are highly valued.

While Chinese society does place importance on collective interests and social harmony, it does not mean that family interests are considered less important.

Instead, the concept of collectivism in Chinese culture encompasses both family-centered values and the broader social obligations and responsibilities individuals have towards their communities and society as a whole.

The correct answer is option b.

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There were several factors that contributed to the profitability of cattle ranching in the late 1800s. One major factor was the increasing demand for beef in the growing cities of the United States. The expansion of railroads made it easier to transport cattle from the ranches to the markets, allowing ranchers to sell their cattle at higher prices.

Additionally, the availability of open-range land, often obtained through government policies such as the Homestead Act, allowed ranchers to graze their cattle for free or at a low cost. This allowed them to keep their expenses low and increase their profits. Finally, advancements in technology, such as barbed wire fencing and better breeding practices, allowed ranchers to manage their herds more efficiently and increase their productivity. Overall, these factors helped make cattle ranching a highly profitable industry in the late 1800s.

Overall, the combination of high demand for beef, cheap grazing land, and advances in technology and transportation made cattle ranching a profitable industry in the late 1800s. However, the boom in the industry led to overgrazing, depletion of natural resources, and conflicts with Native American tribes who had been using the land for centuries.

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Christopher Columbus, an Italian explorer, "discovered" new lands during his voyages in the late 15th and early 16th centuries. He gave the lands he discovered to the country of Spain, as he was commissioned by the Spanish monarchy, specifically by King Ferdinand II of Aragon and Queen Isabella I of Castile. This partnership led to Spain becoming a dominant power during the Age of Exploration, and Columbus' discoveries significantly impacted world history.

Christopher Columbus was an Italian explorer who is credited with the discovery of the New World in 1492. However, the land he "discovered" was already inhabited by indigenous peoples, so it cannot be said that he gave it to any particular country. Columbus claimed the land for the Spanish Crown, and Spain began colonizing and exploiting the land and its resources. This led to a devastating impact on the native populations and their cultures. Columbus himself made four voyages to the New World, exploring and charting many areas of the Caribbean and Central and South America. In summary, Columbus did not give the land he discovered to any particular country.
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Georgia politician Alexander Stephens supported the Compromise of 1850 and the Kansas-Nebraska Act, both of which were attempts at finding a middle ground on the issue of slavery.

However, he is most famously known for his support of secession. As the Vice President of the Confederate States of America, Stephens played a prominent role in advocating for the secession of southern states from the Union, which ultimately led to the American Civil War.

Therefore, the exception in this case would be Stephens not supporting slavery. In fact, Stephens was a staunch defender of slavery and believed it to be a cornerstone of the southern way of life.

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The American Philosophical Society in its modest beginnings was called: the Junto. so the correct option is a.

The Junto was a club founded by Benjamin Franklin in 1727 for the purpose of mutual improvement and discussion of various topics. Later on, it evolved into the American Philosophical Society.

The American Philosophical Society was founded in 1743 by Benjamin Franklin and a group of fellow intellectuals in Philadelphia. It was initially called the Junto but later changed its name to the American Philosophical Society in 1769.

The Society is dedicated to promoting knowledge in the sciences and humanities through research, publications, and community outreach. It is one of the oldest learned societies in the United States.  so the correct option is a.

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The given statement "According to Isidore of Beja's Chronicle, the statement that Muslim Aquitaine that the numbers of slain were known only to God" is true because in the Chronicle, Isidore of Beja, a Christian monk, documented the history of the Muslim conquests in the Iberian Peninsula (option a).

The specific event in question refers to the Battle of Toulouse in 721 AD, where the Muslim forces led by emir Abderrahman faced Duke Eudes of Aquitaine and his Frankish army. During this battle, the Muslim forces were indeed victorious, and according to the Chronicle, inflicted heavy casualties on the Frankish side. Isidore of Beja used the phrase "numbers of slain were known only to God" to emphasize the large scale of the conflict and the severe losses suffered by the Franks.

However, it is important to note that the Chronicle was written from a Christian perspective, and its accuracy in representing the exact details of the battle may be influenced by the author's own views and intentions. Nevertheless, the statement in question remains true as per the information provided in the Chronicle. The correct option is a.

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The introduction of SoundScan in 1991 revealed a significant shift in the way music sales were tracked and measured.

SoundScan is a sales tracking system that uses point-of-sale data from retailers to monitor music sales and compile accurate and reliable sales charts.

Prior to the introduction of SoundScan, music sales were predominantly based on self-reported data from record stores and music industry insiders. This subjective and often flawed system led to inaccuracies and manipulation of sales figures. It was challenging to track the true popularity and success of songs and albums.

With the implementation of SoundScan, the music industry experienced a paradigm shift. The system accurately captured actual sales data, providing a more objective and transparent method of tracking music sales. SoundScan's technology allowed for the real-time tracking of purchases at the cash register, eliminating the reliance on self-reporting.

In summary, the introduction of SoundScan in 1991 revealed the true sales figures and popularity of music by providing accurate and transparent data. This had a profound impact on the music industry, shaping industry strategies, Billboard charts, and highlighting the success of various artists and genres.

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The Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution was passed as a result of the woman's suffrage movement, giving women voting rights for the first time.

The suffrage movement inspired many women to want greater representation in both social and professional settings in addition to voting rights. Some women had leadership positions in organizations and served on committees, while others resisted restrictions on their right to free speech. They wore short skirts, danced to jazz, and stood for women's independence. By becoming the first Black woman and Native American woman to acquire a pilot's license, Amelia Earhart also broke down barriers for those two groups of women.

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For around 5 decades the national anthem was established in Russia from 1944 to 1991, replacing "The Internationale".

The "State Song of praise of the Association of Soviet Communist Republics" was the public hymn of the Soviet Association and the local song of devotion of the Russian Soviet Federative Communist Republic from 1944 to 1991, supplanting "The Internationale". Its unique verses were composed by Sergey Mikhalkov as a team with Gabriyel' Arkadyevich Ureklyan, and its music was formed by Alexander Alexandrov. For a two-decade span following de-Stalinization, the song of praise was performed without verses. In 1977, the second set of lyrics, which did not include Stalin's name but were also written by Mikhalkov, were used.

Alexander Alexandrov originally wrote the music for the anthem in 1938 for the Hymn of the Bolshevik Party. The song's opening bars were taken from one of Alexandrov's earlier works, "Life has become better," which was based on a quote from former Soviet Union General Secretary Joseph Stalin delivered at the First All-Union Meeting of the Stakhanovites on November 17, 1935.[2] The song makes reference to Stalin's cult of personality.

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North Africa and the Middle East:

The Nile River, perhaps of the longest waterway on the planet, moves through Egypt and is a critical topographical element of the locale.

The Center East is an international district that incorporates nations like Turkey, Iran, and Egypt, and is generally viewed as enveloping the Middle Eastern Landmass, Asia Minor, and the Levant

Kuwait is a nation situated on the Persian Bay, which is a huge waterway in the Center East.

Guides of the Center East and North Africa frequently show the nations of the district, their boundaries, and their significant urban communities and geological elements.

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