An organism is referred to as photosynthetic if it participates in photosynthesis. Plants, algae, and cyanobacteria perform photosynthesis.
Photoautotrophs use light, specifically sunshine, to manufacture their food. In that they have chlorophyll and require sunlight to survive and thrive, microalgae, also known as phytoplankton, are comparable to terrestrial plants. Since it is mostly buoyant, phytoplankton floats in the upper layers of the ocean where sunlight penetrates the water. In order to transform these resources into proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates, they also require inorganic nutrients like nitrates, phosphates, and sulfur.The open sea area outside of the coasts or on the ocean floor made up of the water column is referred to as the pelagic zone. Pelagic fish live in the oceans below the continental shelf. Pelagic fish are those that live in the pelagic zone, hence their name.In the photic zone, which is quite shallow, plankton and a variety of fish species reside. Because water readily absorbs light and the ocean is deep, the majority of the ocean (the aphotic zone) is dark and devoid of life.Learn more about the Phytoplankton with the help of the given link:
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Which types of organisms developed first due to the early environmental conditions on Earth? Must use terms prokaryotic or eukaryotic and aerobic or anaerobic.
Answer:
Prokaryotic and anaerobic.
Explanation:
I answered the same question few days ago:)
What gives proteins its unique properties?
Answer:
It sequence of amino acids is what gives it its 3D structure and function.
Explanation:
hope this is good enough
An extreme change in pH alters enzyme activity because the --?
Answer:
The answer is a) pH of the environment changes the conformation of the enzyme.
Explanation:
Explain how you determined that claire had low enzyme production use your experimental data to explain how you ruled out active site mutation and abnormal ph
Claire had low enzyme production because the side groups of the amino acids are typically to blame for the pH dependence. In extreme circumstances, a pH change can cause protein denaturation by altering the protonation pattern. Therefore, Experts believe that the protein stabilizes the structure of the enzyme, keeping it functional even at pH levels below ideal.
Proteins are called enzymes to aid in accelerating our bodies' chemical reactions, or metabolism. Some compounds are created, while others are broken down. enzymes are a part of all living things. Enzymes are created by our bodies spontaneously. Fermentation, like the process used to make beer or wine, is how industrial enzymes are created. Through either intracellular or extracellular expression, the organisms are fermented with suitable nutrition and under regulated conditions to create the enzymes.
There are two fermentation processes that are used to make enzymes. These include solid-state fermentation and submerged fermentation. Microorganisms in a liquid nutrient media produce enzymes during submerged fermentation.
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What roles do the midbrain, cerebellum, thalamus, and cerebrum play in vision and responses to visual input?
The roles that the midbrain, cerebellum, thalamus, and cerebrum play in vision and responses to visual input are as follows:
The midbrain coordinates visual reflexes through motor movement as well as auditory and visual processing. The cerebellum regulates the coordination of movement that depends on visual inputs.The thalamus function as a routing center for visual information. It receives input from the retina which is relayed to the brain through the optic nerve. The cerebrum is essential for converting visual input to a visual image. What are the other functions of the cerebrum?The cerebrum is the largest part of the brain which initiates and coordinates body movement and controls the internal temperature. This part of the brain also regulates speech, problem-solving, emotions, critical thinking, learning, judgment ability, etc.
Therefore, the roles that the midbrain, cerebellum, thalamus, and cerebrum play in vision and responses to visual input are appropriately mentioned above one by one.
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Schmidt-Nielson calculated the swimming cost in a mallard duck and found that it was nearly 20 times as high as the swimming cost in a salmon of the same body mass. What could explain the greater swimming efficiency of salmon?
Salmon are superior swimmers than the mallard duck because they have a streamlined physique and are generally more adapted to swimming.
What is the reason for greater swimming efficiency of salmon ?When Schmidt-Nielson calculated the cost of swimming for a mallard duck, he found that it was around 20 times more expensive than swimming for a salmon of the same mass. Because of their streamlined body and higher overall swimming adaptation, salmon are more effective swimmers.
Their ability to maintain a streamlined body structure is beneficial to their survival. Salmon have streamlined bodies that make swimming through the water the least difficult for them.Learn more about Streamline body here:
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calcium activity dynamics correlate with neuronal phenotype at a single cell level and in a threshold-dependent
Calcium activity dynamics correlate with neuronal phenotype at a single cell level and in a threshold-dependent manner.
Briefing :Calcium is a ubiquitous signaling molecule that is essential in a variety of physiological functions. Recent research has revealed that calcium activity is highly important in vertebrate brain development. We wanted to see if calcium activity and neuronal phenotype are solely connected at the population level or at the level of single cells.
Why is it called threshold?This Old English word's origins are unknown, although it is thought to be linked to Old English threscan, from which we get the words thresh, which means "to extract seed from (a harvested plant) with a machine or instrument," and thrash, which means "to beat harshly with or as if with a stick or whip.
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compare nervous system and endocrine system
Explanation:
The nervous system has electrical impulses which are the messengers in the nervous system.
The endocrine system has hormones which are the chemical messengers in the endocrine system that target cells through the bloodstream
explain why two organisms cannot usually occupy the same niche for long
Answer:
The competitive exclusion principle tells us that two species can't have exactly the same niche in a habitat and stably coexist. That's because species with identical niches also have identical needs, which means they would compete for precisely the same resources.
Explanation:
You have just sequenced a new protein found in mice and observe that sulfur-containing cysteine amino acids occur at regular intervals. What is the significance of this finding in regards to tertiary structure?.
Answer:
Disulfide bridges, which aid in the formation of the protein's tertiary structure, require cysteine residues.
Explanation:
A singular peptide chain and protein secondary structural features make up a protein's three dimensional or tertiary structure. A protein's tertiary structure is controlled by side chain connections and bonding.
Disulfide bridges, which are created by cysteine, join the pieces of a polypeptide chain together. Regarding their fundamental structure, such fragments can frequently be found at great distances from one another. Therefore, a protein's three-dimensional form is its tertiary structure.
Disulfide bridges are crucial for keeping the protein's three-dimensional- dimensional or tertiary structure. In an oxidizing atmosphere, disulfide production is promoted, but in a reductive environment, this disulfide bridge might be destroyed.
WHAT MAKES CYSTEINE DIFFERENT?
since its side chain contains a highly reactive sulfhydryl component. As a result, cysteine occupies a unique location and cannot be taken by another amino acid because the disulfide bridges that cysteine residues create are a constant part of the core structure of proteins.
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_____ is the process of replacing some of the nutrients that were lost during a raw foods refinement.
Enrichment is the process of replacing some of the nutrients that were lost during a raw foods refinement.
Nutrients- The body requires nutrients for energy, building blocks, and the regulation of bodily functions. Based on biochemical characteristics, there are six main categories of nutrients: carbs, proteins, fats, water, vitamins, and minerals.
Biochemical characteristics- Chemical processes that support life and enable cell growth in living organisms.
Cell- The research of structure and function of cells is known as cell biology, and it is based on the idea that a cell is the basic building block of all life. A thorough grasp of the organisms and tissues that cells make up is made possible by concentrating on the cell.
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Different kinds of substances have different properties. Compare and Contrast the electrical properties of salts, metals, and acids
Salts do not conduct electricity while metals and acids can conduct electricity because of the presence of free electrons or ions in metals and acids.
Compare the electrical properties of salts, metals, and acids?Salts do not conduct electricity because there is no presence of free electrons in it while on the other hand, metals and acids can conduct electricity due to the presence of free electrons in metals and presence of ions in acids. Charge carriers are responsible for carrying electrical charges from one point to another. It act as charge carriers that allows electrical conductivity.
So we can conclude that Salts do not conduct electricity while metals and acids can conduct electricity because of the presence of free electrons or ions in metals and acids.
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conditional knock-out of kir4.1 leads to glial membrane depolarization, inhibition of potassium and glutamate uptake, and enhanced short-term synaptic potentiation.
During neuronal activity, extracellular potassium concentration ([K+]out) becomes elevated and, if uncorrected, causes neuronal depolarization, hyperexcitability, and seizures. Clearance of K+ from the extracellular space, termed K+ spatial buffering, is considered to be an important function of astrocytes. Results from a number of studies suggest that maintenance of [K+]out by astrocytes is mediated by K+ uptake through the inward-rectifying Kir4.1 channels.
To study the role of this channel in astrocyte physiology and neuronal excitability, we generated a conditional knock-out (cKO) of Kir4.1 directed to astrocytes via the human glial fibrillary acidic protein promoter gfa2. Kir4.1 cKO mice die prematurely and display severe ataxia and stress-induced seizures. Electrophysiological recordings revealed severe depolarization of both passive astrocytes and complex glia in Kir4.1 cKO hippocampal slices. Complex cell depolarization appears to be a direct consequence of Kir4.1 removal, whereas passive astrocyte depolarization seems to arise from an indirect developmental process.
Surprisingly, membrane and action potential properties of CA1 pyramidal neurons, as well as basal synaptic transmission in the CA1 stratum radiatum appeared unaffected, whereas spontaneous neuronal activity was reduced in the Kir4.1 cKO. However, high-frequency stimulation revealed greatly elevated posttetanic potentiation and short-term potentiation in Kir4.1 cKO hippocampus. Our findings implicate a role for glial Kir4.1 channel subunit in the modulation of synaptic strength.
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Suppose that you've been hired by a firm interested in using bacteria to clean up organic solvents found in toxic waste dumps. your new employer is particularly interested in finding cells that are capable of breaking a hydrocarbon called benzene into less-toxic compounds. how would you select some bacteria that might metabolize benzene as an energy or carbon source, and how would you test them?
Bacterial are small powerful organism. Bacterial cultures are help to eliminate dumping billions of gallons of bacteria into small amount.
What are bacteria?Bacteria are powerful organism to dump the waste. The bacteria which is used to clean the dump waste of water is called biodegradation. The use of bacterial cultures are used to clean waste.
Solid waste absorbs oxygen from the water that means that can be bind to the fish and other aquatic organism. Baccillus species, pseudomonas species, Entrococcus species are used to treat solid waste.
Microorganisms are help to eliminate the solid waste from waste water. Solid waste disposal are increasing problems day by day. Vermicomposting, composting, sanitary landfilling are some of the methods for solid waste management.
Therefore, Bacterial are small powerful organism. Bacterial cultures are help to eliminate dumping billions of gallons of bacteria into small amount.
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As blood vessels constrict, their radius decreases. what impact does a decreased vessel radius have on blood flow?
As blood vessels constrict, their radius decreases. The impact a decreased vessel radius has on blood flow is it decreases Blood flow.
The vessel's length and diameter In accordance with the law of linear proportionality, a vessel's length is equidistant from its resistance. A vessel's resistance increases and its flow decreases with length. The increased surface area of the artery will restrict the flow of blood, therefore this makes logical sense, just as it does in the case of blood volume. Fluid flow changes substantially when the radius of the circle is modified even little (since the radius is raised to the 4th power). The rate of flow increases exponentially as the circle's radius increases.
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Why is the transfer of energy in a food chain usually only about 10% efficient?
Answer:
Transfer of energy along food chain levels is only ten percent efficient because organisms have to use the majority of the energy they get to build themselves and run life-sustaining functions, such as breathing, reproduction, and movement. This leaves a low proportion of energy to pass on to the next level.
Explanation:
It is very simple to transfer energy along food chain levels is only ten percent efficient. You just have to use your wits and use that fat brain of yours and find out the answers.
How might a learned behavior contribute to speciation? (See Concept 24.1. )
Like intrinsic behaviour, learned behaviour can contribute to reproductive isolation and hence speciation. Learned bird songs, for example, aid in species identification during courting, ensuring that only individuals of the same species mate.
In ecology, what is learnt behaviour?In general, a learnt behaviour is one that an organism acquires via experience. In contrast to learned actions, inherent behaviours are genetically programmed and may be executed without any prior experience or training. Of fact, some behaviours are a combination of learnt and intrinsic components.
Behavior helps us grasp difficult conservation issues including how to conserve endangered species, assess environmental quality, and plan nature preserves. It is used to assess the significance of human-related dangers to survival in otherwise inhospitable environments.
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Which is correct about influenza?
a. antigenic shift is a minor change in the viral strain.
b. the virus is found in swine and cats.
Both statements are true.
The influenza virus undergoes antigenic shift as a minor change in the viral strain and is also found in cats and swine.
The influenza virus is an infectious respiratory disease that affects the respiratory system in humans and animals.
Commonly, this virus is known as flu and for most people, it resolves automatically after some time.
Moreover, it has contagious symptoms ranging from mild to severe.
The most common and widespread systems are headaches, fever, sore throat, coughing, and breathing problems.
In severe cases, pneumonia can also result from this infection as a result of mutational changes.
It is found in cats, whales, humans, and swine.
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Age-related changes associated with the cardiac system include which conditions? select all that apply.
Age-related changes associated with the cardiac system includes the following conditions: (c) Endocardial fibrosis, and (d) Increased size of the left atrium.
Cardiac system is actually the cardiovascular system that functions to circulate blood to the whole body. It regulates the circulation of oxygenated blood from heart to the whole body and also the deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs.
Endocardial fibrosis is an endemic disease. In this disease thee occurs fibrosis in the apical endocardium of right ventricle, left ventricle, or both. A certain specific cause for the disease has not been identified. The disease can be caused due to infection from parasites, protozoans or due to inflammation.
The question is incomplete, the complete question is:
Age-related changes associated with the cardiac system include which conditions? Select all that apply.
Increase in the number of SA node cellsMyocardial thinningEndocardial fibrosisIncreased size of the left atriumTo know more about cardiac system here
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In terms of electron sharing between atoms, compare nonpolar co-valent bonds, polar covalent bonds, and the formation of ions.
The comparison between nonpolar covalent bonds, polar covalent bonds, and the formation of ions in terms of electron sharing between atoms is given below:
In a covalent bond, there is a sharing of electrons between atoms that bond to form a bond, and the sharing of electrons has to do with the nature of the atoms as this determines if they would be shared equally or not.
If two atoms that have similar or equal electronegativity values that do not exceed 0.5 come together, they would form a nonpolar covalent bond.
What is a Covalent Bond?This refers to the interatomic linkage that occurs when electron pairs are shared between atoms.
Hence, we can see that The comparison between nonpolar covalent bonds, polar covalent bonds, and the formation of ions in terms of electron sharing between atoms is given below:
In a covalent bond, there is a sharing of electrons between atoms that bond to form a bond, and the sharing of electrons has to do with the nature of the atoms as this determines if they would be shared equally or not.
If two atoms that have similar or equal electronegativity values that do not exceed 0.5 come together, they would form a nonpolar covalent bond.
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Why does the structure H - C = C - H fail to make sense chemically?
The structure H - C = C - H fail to make sense chemically because each carbon atom has three covalent bond in this structure instead of the required four.
How come carbon cannot create four bonds with itself?The carbon electron orbitals prevent the formation of a 4 bond between the elements. Since it already has four valence electrons, it requires four more electrons to complete the outer energy level. To complete its Octet rule, it accomplishes this by establishing covalent bonds with a different element.
The covalency of carbon is 4 , in this structure there is only 3 bonds each structure has formed and one valence electron available . So that is why it is fail to make chemically sense .
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The primary reason designers seek to lower the center of gravity in automobiles is to?
The primary reason designers seek to lower the center of gravity in automobiles is to increase stability.
The main objective of reducing the center of gravity in cars is to increase stability.
A vital factor in determining a vehicle's stability, braking effectiveness, and safety is its center of gravity (CG). As the only source of propulsion in a gravity vehicle, mass has a significant role in how well the vehicle performs.
Any vehicle's center of gravity is where all of the mass of the vehicle is concentrated in one place. It is, to put it simply, where a thing weighs on average.
The second sacral vertebra is where the center of gravity for the human body is located. It is often located in your car someplace towards the center of the vehicle.
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mycotic thoracic aortic aneurysm: review of the diagnostic and therapeutic options steverlynck l, van de walle s
Mycotic thoracic aortic aneurysm is an aortic aneurysm due to infection.
What is a mycotic aortic aneurysm?A mycotic aortic aneurysm (MAA), also known as an infected aortic aneurysm, is an infection-related aortic aneurysm. The most prevalent cause of mycotic aortic aneurysm is microbial injection of the damaged aortic endothelium during bacteremia.
What causes mycotic aneurysm?Staphylococcus aureus is the most frequent pathogen responsible for mycotic aneurysms today. Streptococcus, Salmonella, Klebsiella, Escherichia coli, Proteus, and Yersinia aneurysms have also been reported. Postoperative infection, septicemia, and, as previously said, endocarditis are all pathogenic processes.
Antibiotic therapy is used in conjunction with rigorous surgical debridement of contaminated tissue and, if necessary, vascular restoration. Endovascular therapies may have a role in the treatment of ruptured infected aneurysms and patients who are too sick for open surgery.
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new developments in imaging for sentinel lymph node biopsy in early-stage oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma
The goal of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB), a diagnostic staging procedure, is to locate the main tumor's first draining lymph node (SLN). basin.
His routine SLNB procedure consists of peritumoral injection of a technetium-99m [99mTc]-labeled radiotracer followed by lymphoscintigraphy and his SPECT-CT imaging. Based on these imaging results, the identified SLNs are marked for surgical excision and undergo histopathological evaluation. A routine SLNB procedure has been shown to reliably stage clinically negative cervix in early-stage oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). However, a notorious limitation occurs in situations where the SLN is in close proximity to the tracer injection site. In such cases, the injection site hotspot can obscure the adjacent SLN, making it difficult to distinguish between the tracer injection site and the SLN (shine-through phenomenon). Therefore, technical development is needed to bring the diagnostic accuracy of SLNB to higher levels in early OSCC. This review evaluates new SLNB imaging modalities for early-stage OSCC: MR lymphography, CT lymphography, PET lymphoscintigraphy, and contrast-enhanced lymphosonography. In addition, their reported diagnostic accuracies are described and their relative strengths, weaknesses and potential applications are outlined.
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Several emergent properties of water contribute to the suitability of the environment for life. How does the ability of water to function as a versatile solvent arise from the structure of water molecules?.
The ability of water to function as a versatile solvent arise from the structure of water molecules as it consists of polar covalent bonds.
A solvent is any liquid that can dissolve particles in it, called solute, and form a solution. The most widely used solvent is water. It is most widely used due to its polar nature.
Polar covalent bonds are those where atoms having electronegativity difference share electrons and form bonds. Water has polar covalent bonds. This provides it the ability to surround any ionic substance and form hydrogen bonds with it. This is the reason why water acts as a versatile solvent.
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What are Zika virus risks
Answer:
serious birth defects and other pregnancy problems
Explanation:
hoped this helped bro
Answer: zika virus can cause severe defects in fetuses.
Explanation:
A generic protein that is 387 amino acid residues long will have a molecular weight.
Answer:Estimates at 42570 daltons
Explanation:
colchicine is a drug that causes microtubules to break apart (depolymerize). what effect would this drug have on anterograde transport? what would happen in the axon terminal?
Colchicine will affect anterograde transport because it will disintegrate the microtubules that will be the anterograde transport pathway. Then the material transport will not happen.
Why is the colchicine going to generate this in the axon?The vesicles that are at the axon terminal will move through the microtubules thanks to kinesin, a protein responsible for transporting materials dependent on ATP. When moving it will pass from the soma to the terminal and this will be the anterograde transport. When colchicine enters the system, the microtubule system will disintegrate, which will remove the transport pathway of the vesicles if it is applied to the axon, this will restrict the anterograde transport pathway.
So when this happens, what will happen is that the material generated by the neuron will accumulate in the soma and the material will not be transported. Even colchicine becomes toxic and kills the cell.
Therefore, we can confirm that colchicine will affect anterograde transport because it will disintegrate the microtubules that will be the anterograde transport pathway. Then the material transport will not happen.
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Which food group covers half the plate providing dense sources of nutrients and phytochemicals?
The food group that covers half the plate providing dense sources of nutrients and phytochemicals is defined by Fruits and Vegetables.
What are nutrients and phytochemicals?Nutrients are specific chemical substances derived form daily diet (e.g., carbohydrates, proteins and fats). while phytochemicals are nutrients obtained from plant sources.
Phytochemicals have proved to be very useful chemical substances with roles as antioxidants for cells, thereby they are being increasingly used in medicine and nutrition.
In conclusion, the food group that covers half the plate providing dense sources of nutrients and phytochemicals is defined by fruits and Vegetables.
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Are mannose and galactose, allose and altrose, gulose and talose, and ribose and arabinose diastereoisomers?
Mannose and galactose are diastereoisomers and other three are epimers.
What are diastereoisomers?Compounds with ring structure can frequently be found in diastereoisomers. Consider two six membered ring compounds, each having two substituents a chlorine atom and an ethyl group. In contrast to our last example , they are also not mirror reflection of one another , which characterises them as diastereoisomers.
Mannose and galactose vary at more than one chiral center and are disastereomers.
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