Lysosomes carry a variety of acid hydrolases that are active at the acidic pH kept within the lysosome, but not at the neutral pH of the cytosol.
How is the pH inside a lysosome different from that of the cytosol?Most of these enzymes are perfectly active only in the acidic lumen of lysosomes. Lysosomal pH is kept at 4.5–5 while cytosolic pH is 7–7.5. This pH difference indicates that proton absorption in lysosomes is almost 1000 times higher than in the cytosol. Lysosomes are hydrolytic enzymes. They need an acidic environment for proper work, they are mention to as acid hydrolases. These enzymes help in the disintegration of polysaccharides, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, etc. These enzymes vital low pH compared to the cytoplasm to stay active.
So we can conclude that Lysosomes have an acidic interior pH of ~4.8 in contrast to the slightly basic cytosol (pH 7.2).
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Critical Thinking and Applications
1. The brother of a woman's father has hemophilia. Her father does not have
hemophilia, but she is concerned that her son might. Could she have
passed the allele for hemophilia to her son? Explain.
No she have passed the allele for hemophilia to her son
Hemophilia is caused by a mutation or change and in one of the genes that provides instruction for making the clotting factor proteins needed to form a blood clot and this change or mutation can prevent the clotting protein from working properly or to n=be missing altogether and these genes are located on the X chromosomes and the symptoms are
Unexplained and excessive bleeding from cuts and injuries or after surgery or dental workmany large or deep bruisesunusual bleeding after vaccinationpain and swelling or tightness in your jointsAnd if mother is heterozygotes for hemophilia and the father does not have so each son or daughters has an 1 in 2 chances of getting hemophilia and here in this case the brother of a woman's father has hemophilia her father does not have hemophilia, but she is concerned that her son might so the son doesn't have hemophilia because her father does not have hemophilia her uncle has hemophilia so she doesn't passed the allele for hemophilia to her son
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When two molecules of water are oxidized by PSII, how many total hydrogens are generated in the thylakoid lumen?
When two molecules of water are oxidized by PSII, the total hydrogens generated in the thylakoid lumen is 4 hydrogen ions.
What are molecules?A molecule is de scribed as a group of two or more atoms held together by attractive forces known as chemical bonds.
The light reactions of photosynthesis occur in photosystems I, PSI, and photosystems II, PSII present in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast.
In the light reactions of photosynthesis, water molecules are oxidized to oxygen and ATP molecules are produced which drives the dark reactions of photosynthesis.
Thylakoids lumen are membrane-bound compartments inside chloroplasts and cyanobacteria which are the site of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis.
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Which of the following is
TRUE of the fertilization of
gymnosperms?
A. The seed is carried to a flower on another
tree and gets pollinated.
B. Multiple pollen grains can fertilize one
ovule at a time.
C. Gymnosperms are the only self-fertilizing
plants.
D. When the pollen sticks to the seed cone, a
pollen tube grows to connect it to the egg cell. This is answer
Answer:
Explanation: I just did this question a few mins ago
When lactate builds up in a runner's muscles, it causes a burning sensation.
What causes this to occur?
A. The muscles are using alcohol fermentation to generate energy.
B. The muscles do not have enough oxygen for aerobic respiration.
C. The muscles are producing too much acetyl CoA.
D. The muscles have too much oxygen, causing the production of glucose
Anaerobic respiration - There is a lack of oxygen in the runner's muscles.
What is Anaerobic respiration?
Respiration is a chemical mechanism that occurs in all living cells and converts glucose into energy. Anaerobic respiration happens in the absence of oxygen and generates less energy but is faster than aerobic respiration. Fermentation is the term for microorganisms' anaerobic respiration.
The muscles do not have enough oxygen for aerobic respiration, therefore anaerobic respiration takes place causing a burning sensation in the runner's muscles. The word "anaerobic" means "without oxygen." There is no need for oxygen in this type of cellular respiration to produce energy. Smaller animals require energy to survive inside the absence of oxygen because there is not enough oxygen available for them to breathe.
Hence, (option B) is correct.
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Match each part of the cell with its function.
cell wall
cell membrane
cytoplasm
ribosome
fills the cell and protects the structures
inside it
produces proteins
gives the cell its shape
separates the inside of a cell from the
environment
A political consequence of sustainability describes a change in the way people or businesses are governed. Which statement best describes a political consequence of sustainable waste management?
A. Businesses are penalized for improper waste clean-up.
B. Incinerators release fewer emissions into the atmosphere.
C. Transporting waste to other countries saves money for landfills.
D. Ecosystems are saved when less land is used for landfills.
The statement that best describes a political consequence of sustainable waste management is- Ecosystems are saved when less land is used for landfills.
What is sustainable waste management?
In order to decrease the amount of solid waste disposed of in landfills or by incineration, sustainable waste management tries to keep materials in use for as long as possible. To help lessen the detrimental environmental, social, and financial effects of 21st-century consumption, a more thorough approach to sustainable waste management must concentrate on the entire lifecycle of a product. However, in our current linear economy, waste starts even before products are manufactured.
A political consequence of sustainability develops the process of creating the circumstances in which the environment's quality can be preserved and enhanced and, as a result, contribute to sustainable development.
The sustainable waste management policy goals are:
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Individuals of a population group together in clusters or groups. This is often found in schools of fish, patchy habitats, or trees with heavy seeds that drop directly to the ground.
A. Clumped
B. Random
D. Uniform
Answer: It is A
Explanation: It's A because clumped , individuals are clustered in groups
4 organelos celulares comparados con objetos cotidianos
Four cell organelles in living cells are: mitochondria, nucleus, ribosomes and endoplasmic reticulum.
What is meant by mitochondria, nucleus and ribosome?The mitochondria refers to that organelle found in the cytoplasm which is regarded as the power house of cells.
The nucleus is the organelle in the cell where all cellular activities are controlledThe ribosomes are the sites of protein synthesis.That being said, a cell is defined as the structural, functional and basic unit of life.
So therefore, it can be deduced from the task above that ribosomes and mitochondria are some of the few organelles in the cells of living organisms.
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A rock discovered near your home is known to be an igneous rock. The rock was formed as magma cooled inside the earth's crust. Is this rock an intrusive or extrusive igneous rock? Explain your answer.
Answer:
Intrusive Igneous rock.
Explanation:
Intrusive igneous is usually formed when magma is trapped deep inside the Earth. Afterwards molten rock rises toward the surface creating this
np :d
Which environmental factor would decrease plant growth?
Responses
fertilizer
fertilizer
drought
drought
light
light
space
Answer: it is drought
Explanation:
Answer:light
Explanation:In some cases, poor environmental conditions (e.g., too little water) damage a plant directly. In other cases, environmental stress weakens a plant and makes it more susceptible to disease or insect attack. Environmental factors that affect plant growth include light, temperature, water, humidity and nutrition.
A bacterial cell makes binary fission many times and 16 calls are produced during two hours.What is the time taken by one binary fission?
a)30 minutes
b)60 minutes
c)45 minutes
d)20 minutes
Answer: 20 minutes
Explanation: Binary fission is a very quick way to reproduce. Some bacteria are able to divide themselves up every 20 minutes. A billion bacteria can be produced in this way from one bacterium in just ten hours given the right conditions.
Which of the following is NOT an area of concern regarding the common type of waste management systems?
Responses
decomposition creates unsteady levels of energy
waste contains high levels of harmful bacteria
decomposition emits greenhouse gases
waste can end up in groundwater and lakes
The statement which is not an area of concern regarding the common type of waste management systems is decomposition creates unsteady levels of energy.
The first response is correct.
What is waste management?Waste management or waste disposal includes the processes and actions required to manage waste from its inception to its final disposal.
Waste management has impacts on the environment which we live. Poor waste management that ranges from non-existing collection systems to ineffective disposal causes air pollution, water and soil contamination.
Other types of waste like the open and unsanitary landfills contribute to contamination of drinking water and can cause infection and transmit diseases.
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Answer: The correct answer is decomposition creates unsteady levels of energy
Explanation: This answer has been confirmed correct.
There are no areas of concern related to energy output from decomposition.
There is iron in Hawaiian rocks. What does the presence of Iron tell scientists?
According to Humayun's hypothesis, chemical reactions between rock and liquid metal at the Earth's core-mantle border are what caused the extra iron to enter the mantle.
How iron is found in Hawaiian rocks?According to research by Professor Munir Humayun, the Earth's mantle beneath Hawaii has a higher iron content than other parts of the mantle. Hot plumes of solid rock from the core-mantle barrier or the deep mantle rise at rates of a few centimeters per year to form hotspot islands, such as Hawaii.
Seismologists have long hypothesized that the deep mantle of the Earth, which is the rocky layer 1,000 to 3,000 kilometers below the Hawaiian Islands, has a higher percentage of iron, but no one has ever exactly tested it, according to Humayun. One of the four primary elements that make up the mantle is iron.
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Lynn Margulis developed the endosymbiont theory to explain the evolution of certain eukaryotic organelles, such as chloroplasts and mitochondria.
According to this theory, which of these events occurred to an ancient prokaryotic cell
One more prokaryotic cell from the past was ingested by the cell and started living there.
The correct answer is C
What are a prokaryotic cell's three main characteristics?An exterior layer called a plasma membrane divides the interior of a cell from its surroundings. the interior of a cell that is jelly-like and contains other cellular parts is called the cytoplasm. The genetic makeup of a cell is DNA.
Are prokaryotic cells DNA-based?A free-floating, typically circular chromosome that is not protected by a nuclear membrane is seen in prokaryotic organisms, including bacteria. The nucleoid, a part of the cell, is where the DNA merely resides. Only a plasma membrane and ribosomes are typically present in prokaryotic cells' narrow spectrum of organelles
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the correct question is :
Lynn Margulis developed the endosymbiont theory to explain the evolution of certain eukaryotic organelles, such as chloroplasts and mitochondria. According to this theory, which of these events occurred to an ancient prokaryotic cell? A. Mutations caused the cell's DNA to direct the synthesis of new organelles. B. The cell nucleus divided and changed to form other types of organelles. C. The cell took in another ancient prokaryotic cell, which began living inside it. D. The cell membrane divided and changed to form new types of organelles.
Select the correct answer. The energy entering this system is equal to the energy leaving the system. Based on the law of conservation of energy, how many units of energy are entering the system? Illustration of squared labeled system. The arrows on the right side line of the square and the bottom line of the square are pointing out with energy values 10 and 5 units. The arrow on the top line with question mark is facing into the square. A. 5 units B. 10 units C. 15 units D. 20 units
The units of energy entering and leaving the system total 15 units. (Option C)
Why do we have the above as the right answer?According to the rule of conservation of energy, "energy cannot be generated or destroyed; instead, it evolves from one form to another." Because you have not provided the given value, it is important to remember that the energy exiting the system equals the energy that entered the system.
In physics, energy is the quantitative quality that is imparted to a body or a physical system and is visible in the form of heat and light. The law of conservation of energy holds that energy can be transformed in form but cannot be generated or destroyed.
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Complete Question:
The energy entering the system is equal to the energy leaving the system. Based on the laws of conservation of energy, how many units of energy are entering the system?
5 units
10 units
15 units
20 units
Mia is building a diorama showing the parts of an atom. She wants to better understand the effects of electric forces. An atom is made up of particles called protons, neutrons and electrons
The way dirt sticks to surfaces in our daily lives, such as clothing and walls, is a result of electrostatic forces on fine particle adhesion.
What is the effect of electric forces?Generally, when particle material is electrically insulating, so the electric charge may be kept, electrostatic forces become significant.
Two charges interact with one another to produce electrical forces. The electric force exerted on a single charge in scenarios involving three or more charges is simply the sum of the interactions between that charge and all other charges.
Therefore, Electric force strength is influenced by the electric charge on the particles, as well as their separation from one another.
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What could result if tryptophan cannot cross into the cell?
A decrease in tryptophan levels in the blood
A build-up of tryptophan levels in the blood
If tryptophan cannot cross into the cell, there will be a build-up of tryptophan levels in the blood (option B).
How do substances move into cells?Tryptophan is an essential amino acid having an indole side chain. It is present in many foods, especially chocolate, oats, bananas and milk.
Tryptophan is essential for normal growth and development and is the precursor of serotonin and niacin. This amino acid is carried by the blood and is absorbed by living cells for use.
However, in a case whereby tryptophan cannot cross into the cells, it becomes built-up in the blood and increase in concentration.
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look at the arrows pointing towards atmospheric CO2. what are two major sources of atmospheric carbon?
The two major sources of atmospheric carbon are the burning of fossil fuels and respiration by living organisms.
Sources of atmospheric carbonCarbon exists in the atmosphere mostly as carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide.
Atmospheric carbon dioxide sources include but are not limited to the burning of fossil fuels, oil, or natural gas, respiration by living organisms, volcanic activities, deforestation, mining, and so on.
The sources of atmospheric carbon monoxide include but are not limited to the burning of fossil fuels in engines, automobile vehicles, and other forms of engines that utilize fossil fuels for operation.
Carbon dioxide happens to be a major contributor to the warming of the planet. In other words, carbon dioxide is a major member of the greenhouse gases whose increased concentration in the atmosphere has been the cause of global warming and climate change that has been plaguing mankind.
Carbon monoxide, on the other hand, is poisonous to living organisms above a certain concentration threshold.
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What do we call the cells in
phloem that are alive at
maturity, but lose almost all
of their organelles?
Tracheids
Sieve-tube this
Sieve elements are the phloem cells that are still alive when they reach adulthood but have essentially no organelles left.
Sieve elements are alive at maturity but lack some organelles, such as a nucleus, in comparison to tracheary elements, which have just primary cell walls (and consequently thicker overall cell walls).
Thin-walled cells called sieve elements typically don't have nuclei but are nonetheless alive at maturity despite having a significantly altered protoplast. .The primary walls of parenchyma cells are thin, and they typically continue to live after reaching maturity. The primary type of elongated photosynthate-conducting cell in vascular plants' phloem is known as a sieve element. Sieve regions, which are thinner, circular to elliptical portions of the wall, are present in the walls of sieve elements.
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please help to fill in
In each ecosystem, there are many feeding relationships. A food chain represents a flow of energy through an ecosystem, and always begins with an organism called a producer, which is able to trap light energy and convert it to chemical energy. An organism of this type is eaten by a herbivore, which is a kind of consumer that feeds only on plant material. This type of organism is, in turn, eaten by a carnivore (an organism that consumes other animals).
How does the process of crossing over improve biodiversity of a species?
Answer:
it gives us genetic variation
crossing over is where both parent cells mix to form unidentical daughter cells right, therefore when both genes mix, the offspring gets the mixture of both parents and that is genetic variation and it is also how you get biodiversity
6) What is the inorganic compound that is included in the
structure of DNA building unit? ?
Ribose sugar.
Phosphate group.
Thymine base.
O Deoxyribose sugar.
Inorganic compound that is included in the structure of DNA building unit is Phosphate group
An inorganic compound is the substances that does not contain both carbon and hydrogen and a great many inorganic compounds do contain hydrogen atoms and such a water and hydrochloric acid produced by your stomach and the sugar in the DNA molecule id deoxyribose and the one RNA ribose sugar and this is the phosphates based on the inorganic compound phosphoric acid means H₃PO₄ and they react with the sugar in the nucleotides to form ester bond
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Identify from which region of the vertebral column each vertebrae belongs to. What are the differences between the size of the body, vertebral foramen, and spinous processes?
Within the various regions of the spine, the vertebrae vary in size and shape, but they all follow similar structural patterns.
What is spine?Your spine, or backbone, is the central supporting structure of your body. It connects different parts of the musculoskeletal system. The spine helps us sit, stand, walk, twist and bend. Back injuries, spinal cord disorders, and other problems can damage the spine and cause back pain. The spine is the central supporting structure of our body. The spine is a chain of bones, but it is made flexible by elastic ligaments and intervertebral discs. The vertebrae are generally numbered and divided into different regions. Neck, chest, lumbar, sacrum, coccyx. Only the top 24 bones are movable.To learn more about spine from the given link :
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Picture 1 is a part of cervical vertebrae and picture 2 is a part of thoracic vertebrae.
What is cervical and thoracic vertebrae?
The C1–C7 vertebrae, which make up the cervical spine (neck area), are connected to one another by intervertebral discs. These discs provide the spine with mobility and serve as shock absorbers when people are moving around.There are 12 vertebrae in the thoracic area, identified as T1–T12. Spinal nerves emerge through a space created by the intervertebral discs, laminae, pedicles, and articular processes of neighboring vertebrae. Combined, the thoracic vertebrae form a kyphotic curvature.Difference between size of the body, vertebral foramen and spinous processes:
Regardless of body size, nearly all mammals have seven cervical vertebrae. This indicates that there are significant differences in the size of cervical vertebrae, ranging from the shrew's relatively short cervical vertebrae to the giraffe's neck's much lengthened vertebrae. Each cervical vertebra in a fully mature giraffe measures 11 inches in height.The spinal cord and its meninges are located in the vertebral foramen. The spinal cord is located in this spacious passageway that runs up and down inside each vertebra; it is commonly referred to as the spinal canal rather than the vertebral foramen.The lumbar spinous processes (LSP) provide a crucial anatomical and biomechanical purpose by anchoring the interspinous and supraspinous ligaments, as well as the intersegmental paraspinal muscles and safeguarding the neuronal structures in the spinal canal.Hence one is cervical vertebrae and the other is thoracic vertebrae.
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Which heart calves are open and which are closed when blood passes out of the right ventricle towards the lungs?
Answer:
When the left ventricle contracts, the right ventricle also contracts. This causes the pulmonary valve to open and the tricuspid valve to close. Blood flows out from the right ventricle to the lungs before it is returned to the left atrium as fresh, oxygenated blood.
Explanation:
examples and non examples of compound
Answer:
The main example of compound is water represented by the chemical formula H2O which indicates 2 atoms of hydrogen combines with 1 atom of oxygen, sodium chloride etc and non-compounds are those which does not combine with two elements like bromine molecule represented by Br2.
EXAMPLES
watercarbon dioxidetable saltNON EXAMPLE
brominesulphurExplain cellular respiration
Answer:
cellular respiration, the process by which organisms combine oxygen with foodstuff molecules, diverting the chemical energy in these substances into life-sustaining activities and discarding, as waste products, carbon dioxide and water.
Rats are endothermic (warm blooded) animals. Explain why the physiology of a perch (an exothermic or cold blooded animal) would not support the metabolic needs of a rat.
They can readily adjust to any maximum temperature, allowing them to survive there. Rats were toasty endothermic animals. As a result, a rat's physiological needs wouldn't be met by the physiology of perches.
Animals having cold blood are those that are unable to adjust their internal body temperature in response to environmental changes. They are unable to endure high temperatures. Reptiles, fish, and other cold-blooded creatures are examples.
Animals with warm blood were those that have the ability to control and maintain a consistent body temperature. They could readily adjust to just about any temperature range, allowing them to survive there. Rats were warm-blooded endothermic animals. As a result, a rat's physiological requirements would not be met by the physiology of such a perch (an exothermic as well as cold-blooded species).
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hotosynthesis makes glucose while cellular respiration _______________________ glucose
Answer: Cellular respiration breaks down glucose
Explanation:
Cellular respiration is a series of chemical reactions that break down glucose to produce ATP.
How did the accurrences of the different traits change over the 30-year period? Use euidence from the graph to support your answer. Using what you know about natural selection and adaptation, what generalization can you make based on these changes?
When changes occur to face environmental pressures, they must increase the individual's fitness to be favored by natural selection and result in adaptation. Between 1950 and 1980, individuals with half their bodies covered by plates decreased, while individuals with their whole bodies covered by plates increased.
How are adaptation and natural selection related?
Adaptations can be understood as the way in which different organisms manage to improve their fitness in the environment in which they live. To do it, they must adjust to the changes and selective pressures acting on them.
Adaptations involve changes and are usually related to mutations (let us remember that mutations are changes in DNA nucleotide sequences).
These changes must be beneficial for the individuals, meaning they must increase their fitness and make them more competitive.
If they do not increase their fitness (aptitude) they get lost.
If they increase the individual's fitness, they are selected by natural selection and transmitted through generations.
When natural selection favors a mutation, it sets it in the population and is inherited by the following generations. These mutations improve the individual's survival and reproductive rates. Hence, natural selection results in adaptation.
Image explanation
In the exposed example, we can see how the percentage of plates covering the animal's body changed through time.
At the beginning of the study (the year 1950), most animals had half of their bodies covered by plates (green bar), and only a few individuals had 2/3 bodies protected (orange bar).
As the lake changed its clarity, stickleback fishes with only half of their bodies protected got probably more exposed and easily seen by their predators. Their survival and reproductive rates decreased. From 1950 to the end of the study, their population size decreased significantly.
Predation acted as the environmental pressure. So the fish species needed to face this problem.
By 1960, a few individuals developed a new strategy. Their whole bodies were protected by plates (blue bar). This phenotype meant an increase in their survival and reproductive rates, so this strategy spread more in the population. Natural selection favored this change and set it.
By 1980 most individuals had their whole bodies protected by plates, and only a few of them still had half of their bodies covered. Since this turned out to be a beneficial change, population size started to recover.
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1. Why is electricity consider as our good friend
Answer:
Electricity is considered as our good friend because it is an essential part of modern . People use electricity for lighting, heating, cooling, and refrigeration and for operating appliances, computers, electronics, machinery, and public transportation systems.