Why should an acid be handled with caution?​

If two versions of the same element have different numbers of electrons, at least one must be an ion.

Isotopes are the atoms of same element that have different number of neutron in them but same number of protons and electrons in them.

Isobars are the elements of different elements having same mass number but different atomic number.

But if the elements are same and the number of protons and neutrons are same but they have different number of electrons in them then they are atoms and ions.

Ions can be divided into cations and anions.

If the number of electrons in the ion is more than the number of electron in its atomic form then it forms an anion.

If the number of electron in the ion is less than the number of electrons in its atomic form then it forms a cation.

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The amount of heat absorbed or produced by the combustion of 39.8 g of CH₄ is 2214 kJ.

The reaction of combustion of methane(CH₄) is as follows:

CH₄ + 2O₂ ⇒ CO₂ + 2H₂O

The ΔH for combustion of methane is given to be -890.1 kJ/mol.

This is the value of heat released when the combustion of 1 mole of CH₄ occurs.

The molar mass of methane is 16 g.

As the heat released by 16g of CH₄ is 890 kJ.

The heat released by 39.8 g of CH₄ is 890/16 x 39.8 = 2214 kJ.

Thus, the amount of heat absorbed or produced by the combustion of 39.8 g of CH₄ is 2214 kJ.

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The number of valence electrons in given neutral atoms, i.e. carbon is 4, nitrogen is 5, oxygen is 6 and iodine is 7

Valence electrons refers to the number of electrons that are present in the very last shell of the atom.

These electron can participate in the formation of a chemical bond if the outer shell is not closed.

Carbon :

Atomic Number = 6

Electronic configuration is - 2, 4

Hence, number of valence electrons = 4

Nitrogen :

Atomic number = 7

Electronic configuration is - 2, 5

Hence, number of valence electrons = 5

Oxygen :

Atomic Number = 8

Electronic configuration is - 2, 6

Hence, number of valence electrons = 6

Iodine :

Atomic Number = 53

Electronic configuration is - 2, 8, 18, 8, 7

Hence, number of valence electrons = 7

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Carbon-12 (C-12) has been assigned a mass in order to act as a comparison for other types of atoms.

What is atomic mass?

Atomic mass refers to the mass of an atom (ma or m). Although the unified atomic mass unit (symbol: Da) is widely used to express atomic mass, the kilogramme (symbol: kg) is the SI measure of mass (u). The mass of an unbound carbon-12 atom in its ground state is 112 Da. Protons and neutrons make up almost all of an atom's mass, with electrons and nuclear binding energy making up the majority of the remaining mass. As a result, the mass number and the atomic mass have values that are highly comparable. Mass in kilogrammes can be converted to mass in daltons using the atomic mass constant.

Thus, in order to serve as a benchmark for other atom kinds, carbon-12 (C-12) has been given a mass.

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The percent by mass in the solution is 40.1%

Take a sample of this solution equal to 1 L. Utilize the supplied density to calculate its mass.

1.00L * 1000mL /1L * 1.47 g/mL = 1470 g

This 1.00-L solution will now include

n=c*V 

c=n V

n=3.47 moles/L*1.00Lfrom n=3.47moles/L*1.00L.

Calculate how many grams of silver nitrate would contain this many moles 3.47 by using the molar mass of the compound.

mols of AgNO3

 169.87 g*1 mole  AgNO3 = 589.4 g AgNO3 

The mass of the solute, in your case silver nitrate, is divided by the mass of the solution and multiplied by 100 to determine the solution's percent concentration by mass.

%w/w = Mass of solute/mass of solution x100

%w/w=589.4g

1470g×100=40.1%

The percent by mass in the solution is 40.1%

The group of transitions in the he spectrum where the electron drops from a higher level into the n = 4 state.

What is spectram series?  

With wavelengths determined by the Rydberg formula, the emission spectrum of atomic hydrogen has been segmented into a variety of spectral series. The electron in an atom moves between two energy levels, producing the spectral lines that have been observed.

A group of lines in the spectrum of light generated by excited atoms of an element, each line in the group being connected to the others by a straightforward mathematical equation and being associated with a certain energy level of the element's atoms.

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A 2.40-mol sample of oxygen gas is confined to a 4.91-l vessel at a pressure of 8.05 atm, average translational kinetic energy of the oxygen molecules under these conditions is 4.15*10power-21

The kinetic energy is energy that an object has because of its motion. If we want to accelerate an object, then we have to must apply a force, applying a force requires us to do work. After the work has been done, the energy has been transferred to the object, and the object will be moving with a new constant speed. The energy transferred is known as the kinetic energy, and it depends on the mass and speed achieved.

Kinetic energy can be transferred between the objects and transformed into other kinds of energy. For example, a flying squirrel might collide with the stationary chipmunk. Following the collision, some of initial kinetic energy of the squirrel might have been transferred into the chipmunk or transformed to some other form of energy.

To calculate the kinetic energy, we follow the reasoning outlined above and begin by finding the work done, W, by a force, F, in a simple example, consider a box of mass m being pushed through distance d along a surface by a force parallel to that surface.

K.E.=3/2 KbT

      =3/2[(8.05*1.013*10power5*4.91*10power-3)/2.40*6.022*10power23)]

       =4.15*10power-21

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Answer:

What is the difference between the two different reactions shown in the chart above? What can you determine about the role a catalyst plays in a reaction?

Explanation:

Water molecule has distorted tetrahedral geometry. O atom has 2 lone pairs and 2 bond pairs of electrons.

The electric charge of the electron, a subatomic particle, is a negative one elementary charge. Since they have no known components or substructure, electrons, which are part of the lepton particle family's first generation, are typically regarded to be elementary particles. The proton's mass is around 1836 times greater than that of the electron.

The electron's inherent angular momentum (spin), which is measured in terms of the scaled-down Planck constant,, is one of its quantum mechanical properties. The Pauli exclusion principle states that because electrons are fermions, no two of them may be in the same quantum state. Since they can collide with other particles and can be diffracted like light, electrons share characteristics with all elementary particles.

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Answer:

Diffusion

Explanation:

Diffusion is the process in which gas molecules move from a region of higher to lower concentration.

Ion have positive as well as negative charges. Ions do not have neutral charge. Atoms posses neutral charge.

There ions have only positive and negative charges.

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If 34.4 g of pentane (C₅H₁₂) are burnt in excess oxygen, 50.7 g of H₂O will be produced.

The balanced chemical reaction when pentane is burned in excess oxygen is :

                         C₅H₁₂ + 8O₂ → 5CO₂ + 6H₂O

It is a Combustion reaction.

From above balanced chemical reaction,

Molar ratio of pentane and H₂O is - 1 : 6

Given mass of pentane = 34.4 g

Molar mass of pentane = 72.1 g

Number of moles of pentane = Given Mass

                                                     Molar mass

                  Number of moles = 34.4   =  0.4 moles

                                                    72.1

Since, 1 mole of pentane produces 6 moles of H₂O

Therefore,

Moles of water produced by 0.47 moles of pentane,

                       = 0.4 x 6 = 2.8 moles

Mass of H₂O = Number of moles x molar mass

Mass of H₂O = 2.8 x 18.0 = 50.7 g

Therefore, mass of H₂O produced will be 50.7 grams.

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The generic Lewis structure of a molecule formed between atoms of group 1 and group 16 elements is shown in the image attached.

A Lewis structure is a representation of a molecule that contains the symbol of the elements that could be found in the molecule along side the number of electrons in the valence shell of each atom shown as dots.

The dots could show the electrons that are shared as in a covalent bond, electrons that are transferred as in an ionic bond, or even a nonbonding pair of electrons.

We are now going to use sodium oxide to demonstrate the generic Lewis structure of a molecule formed between atoms of group 1 and group 16 elements is shown in the image attached.

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a = 0, b = 0 and c= 1

Carbon a has 3 bonds with carbon and no hydrogen, carbon b has 4 bonds with carbon and no hydrogen and carbon c has only 1 bond with carbon and 3 bonds with hydrogen

Carbon is a chemical element with symbol C and atomic mass 6.

It is a chemical building block of all the life on earth. It is widely distributed forming organic compounds when combined with hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen etc.

Carbon can easily form bond with hydrogen and oxygen atoms

Thus, a = 0, b = 0 and c= 1

Carbon a has 3 bonds with carbon and no hydrogen, carbon b has 4 bonds with carbon and no hydrogen and carbon c has only 1 bond with carbon and 3 bonds with hydrogen.

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Your question is incomplete, but probably your complete question was

in each box, write the number of H's that each labeled carbon has. for example, if the carbon next to the letter a has 3H's write in the box marked a.

The image is attached

The compound "A" further reacted with HNO3 and h2so (Nitration reaction mixture) to produce compound "B".

The compound "A" further reacted with HNO3 and h2so (Nitration reaction mixture) to produce compound "B".

The compound "B" on further reaction with Strong Oxidizing agent like nacr2o7 h2so4 produces Carboxylic acid.

Alkyl groups that contain benzylic hydrogens undergo Oxidation to acids with strong oxidizing agents.

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Hydrophilic;

Polar compounds

water

ions

glucose

Hydrophobic;

Triglycerides

cholesterol

Lipids

Oil

Carbohydrates

The term hydrophilic substances are used to describe the substances that could dissolve in water. They are those substances that are water-soluble. Somehow, the substances must be polar because in chemistry like dissolve.

Hydrophobic substances are those substances that do not dissolve in water. They are nonpolar and interact with other nonpolar substances.

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Although part of your question is missing the complete question is to specify whether each of the items listed is hydrophilic or hydrophobic by dragging the labels into the appropriate box.

Hydrophilic;

Polar compounds

water

ions

glucose

Hydrophobic;

Triglycerides

cholesterol

Lipids

Oil

Answer:

Explanation:

Given that

So,

     [tex]mole = \frac{mass}{molar \; mass}[/tex]

     [tex]mole \; of\;C_2H_5OH= \frac{21}{46}[/tex] = 0.46 mole.

     [tex]mole \; of\;O_2= \frac{41}{32} = 1.28 \;mole,[/tex]

Reaction

   [tex]C_2H_5OH + 3O_2\rightarrow \; 2CO_2+3H_2O[/tex]

O₂ is limiting react out.

   3 mole O₂ produced = 2 mole CO₂.

   1 mole O₂ produced = [tex]\frac{2}{3}[/tex] mole CO₂.

   1.28 mole O₂ produced = [tex]\frac{2}{3} \times1.28[/tex] mole CO₂.

mole of CO₂ = [tex]\frac{2}{3} \times1.28 = 0.85 \; mole,[/tex]

mass of CO₂ = mole × molar mass

mass of CO₂ = 0.85 × 44 = 37.54 gm.

If reaction is 85% efficient is given hance,

mass of CO₂ = 37.54 × [tex]\frac{85}{100}[/tex] = 31.91 gm.

Answer: Hance the mass of CO₂ is 31.91gm.

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The answer would be equilibrium i.e., when the solutes are evenly distributed throughout a solution, we say that solution has reached equilibrium.

Diffusion is the unbidden motion of piece from high concentration to low concentration.

There are two types of diffusion:

1. Diffusion through a fluid : If you pour few drops of violet color in the container containing water it will mixed evenly in the container until equilibrium achieved.

2. Diffusion across a membrane : It is the method in which solutes are proceed through the concentration gradient in a solution over a semipermeable membrane. The abetment of membrane proteins is not necessary during this process of diffusion accordingly substances move from higher concentration to lower concentrations.

And in this way equilibrium achieved.

Hence, in conclusion the answer will be the equilibrium.

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By graphing periodic properties we can identify that which compounds lies in which period or group and what are their properties.

  In, modern periodic table , we can able to identify the no. of electron an atom can fill .helps in giving the position of players . their role , physc chemical properties.

Thus, from the above conclusion we can say that, by graphing periodic properties we can identify that which compounds lies in which period or group and what are their properties.

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With the use of a straightforward user interface, GasSim lets users change the temperature, volume, or number of moles of a chosen gas while also assessing how the simulation variable's effect on pressure changes.

What are the properties of gas?

Three distinctive qualities distinguish gases:

They are simple to compress, they increase in size to fill their containers, and they take up far more room than the liquids or solids from which they originate.

Gases don't have a fixed volume or shape. They entirely occupy all of the available area. The ability of gas particles to travel freely throughout the accessible area is the cause of the characteristic or properties of gases to fill the available volume within a container.

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In their experiment that showed that organic compounds and amino acids could have been synthesized in an abiotic environment, urey and miller combined hydrogen , methane , ammonia and water vapor gases in a flask to simulate the early earth’s atmosphere .

Organic compounds can be synthesized in a laboratory setting .There are four major categories of organic compounds: carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids all of which can be synthesized in a laboratory. Organic compounds are identified by the presence of both carbon and hydrogen (and sometimes other elements like O, N, S). The carbon dioxide is not an organic compound There are no H atoms, hence carbon dioxide is not organic . There are hundreds of thousands of organic compounds .

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A water pail filled with sand and pebbles is homogenous, as are a cup of tea and sugar.

Any sample of a solid, liquid, or gaseous mixture that has the same component ratios is said to be homogenous. They have a consistent appearance throughout and its constituent parts are dispersed equally. The components of a heterogeneous mixture have varying quantities across the sample. In a heterogeneous mixture, the components are distinct and not uniformly distributed. Any mixture whose composition is not uniform is referred to as a heterogeneous mixture. Almonds and peanuts together in a bowl: Almonds and peanuts are clearly visible in a bowl, but they are not uniformly placed or arranged.

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The best laboratory test for detecting iron deficiency in a population of 1 to 3 year old kids with a high incidence of increased blood lead levels is the serum ferritin test.

What is serum ferritin?

The quantity of iron stored in your body is directly correlated with the level of ferritin in your blood (serum ferritin level). Red blood cells need iron in order to be healthy. To the tissues of the body, these cells deliver oxygen. If you exhibit any of the warning signs or symptoms of iron deficiency anemia, your doctor may advise you to get this test.

Hemochromatosis, a disorder in which your body retains an excessive amount of iron, may cause ferritin test results to be high. However, other medical disorders might also be the cause of increased ferritin levels.

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The notation type below is nuclide.  

In 141 Ce we have 58 protons, 83 neutrons and in  140 Ce we have  58 protons and  82 neutrons.

An isotope of a chemical element is any of two or more species of atoms that have almost similar chemical properties, the same atomic number, location in the periodic table, and different atomic masses and physical properties. Every chemical element has one or more isotopes.

Two subatomic particles known as neutrons and protons are found in the nucleus of every atom. The only exception is hydrogen, which contains one proton in its nucleus. Neutrons are somewhat heavier than positively charged protons and have an electric charge that is neither positive nor negative.

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In complete oxidation of one mole of a sugar, change in enthalpy is -1000kJ.

According to the first law of thermodynamics,

      Δ U = Q + W                    

w = 0.

Heat (q) generated by 0.5 mole of sugar = -2000 kJ

So, 1 mole of sugar will generate amount of heat is

     = -2000kJ * 0.5

     = -1000 kJ

So, putting the values into the formula

ΔU = q + w    

     = -1000 kJ + 0

     = -1000 kJ

Additionally, in accordance with the definition of enthalpy, enthalpy and internal energy have the following relationships.

ΔH = ΔU + PΔV

As change in volume is 0.

ΔH = ΔU

     = -1000 kJ

We may say that the system's change in enthalpy (ΔH) is -1000 kJ.

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The mass of 3.02 cm³ of Bismuth is 29.45 grams.

Bismuth is an element that belongs to group 15 of the periodic table.

We know that the density(ρ) of a substance is given by the following formula,

Density (ρ) = Mass of the substance/Volume of the substance

As the density and volume of the metal are given, the mass of the element can be calculated by putting the given values in the given formula.

9.75 g/cm³ = Mass/3.02 cm³

Mass = 29.45 grams

Thus, the mass of 3.02 cm³ of Bismuth is 29.45 grams.

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The statement that is not true about molecules and compounds is compounds are made up of the same type of atom. The correct option is A.

In chemistry, molecules and compounds are fundamental ideas. Two or more atoms that are chemically linked together make up a molecule.

A specific class of molecule known as a compound is made up of various atom types that are chemically combined in predetermined ratios.

As the fundamental units of matter, atoms make up all molecules and compounds. However, it is untrue to say that all compounds contain the same kind of atom.

While molecules can be made up of atoms from the same element or from different elements, compounds are created by the mixing of various types of atoms.

Thus, the correct option is A.

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The diameter of 150 ml container has more space and so its exposed, so it evaporates more quickly in lesser time.

Reason can be described as, 150 mL container is with 12 cm diameter evaporates faster because its surface area is larger and it has more number of water molecules on the surface. So, it has greater vapour pressure than the 75 ml container and the water also evaporates faster due to large surface area and more exposure.  

So, that the vapour pressure occurs between the molecues.

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The effect a 300 mosmolar solution of a non-penetrating solute have on a cell.

What are non penetrating and penetrating solutes?

These solute particles' capacity to penetrate or not penetrate the membranes separating the solutions is referred to as "penetrating and non penetrating." Penetrating solutes: substances capable of penetrating a membrane. Non-penetrating solutes are those that are incapable of permeating a membrane.

Since the water concentrations in the intracellular and extracellular fluid are the same and the solutes cannot enter or exit the cells, if cells are placed in a solution of nonpenetrating solutes with an osmolarity of 300 mOsm, they will neither expand nor shrink.

An isotonic fluid will be non-penetrating and have no impact on the cell. A hypotonic solution is always produced by penetrating solutes, which will lyse the cell.

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