One daily activity they might dislike is waking up early in the morning.
How can this activity be explained?Firstly, for individuals who are not morning people, waking up early can be a challenge. They may struggle with feeling groggy or disoriented, making it difficult for them to start their day in a productive way.
Secondly, waking up early can disrupt one's sleep patterns, leading to a lack of restful sleep. This can leave people feeling tired or irritable throughout the day.
Thirdly, some people may dislike waking up early because it requires them to rush through their morning routine in order to get to work or school on time. This can be stressful and leave them feeling frazzled.
Overall, not liking waking up early is a common experience for many people. While some individuals may have strategies to help make the process easier, such as setting multiple alarms or establishing a morning routine, others may simply have to accept that it's not their favorite activity but a necessary one.
Learn more about activity at:
https://brainly.com/question/1744272
#SPJ1
4
Which of the following best matches a central idea from the text with a detail that
supports it?
A Central idea: Many important discoveries are made during experiments.
Supporting detail: Doctors began using X-rays to examine injured patients.
Central idea: Some important discoveries are not well understood at first.
Supporting detail: Artificial sweetener was based on a kind of coal tar.
Central idea: Some scientists make accidental discoveries that help people.
Supporting detail: Penicillin is still used in modern times to save lives.
B
C
D
Central idea: Dedicated scientists may accidentally become great inventors.
Supporting detail: Fleming used plates called petri dishes to grow bacteria.
"Doctors soon discovered that they could examine broken bones using X-ray images." the one that most effectively pairs a text's main concept with a supplementary detail.
How x-rays function ?Ionizing radiation is passed through the body in very small doses. This used to be recorded onto a sheet of unique film. Nowadays, x-ray exams are more likely to employ a tool that will record transmitted x-rays and produce an electronic image. Healthy bones appear white or grey because the calcium in bones prevents radiation from passing through. On the other hand, radiation is easily absorbed by air, which is why healthy lungs appear black.
To know more about X-rays visit:
https://brainly.com/question/28345664
#SPJ1
Independent Read: Anne Frank: The Diary of a Young Girl
a play in which events are connected to each other in strict, chronological order, with a cause-effect logic, and in which dramatic experience attempts to convey a lifelike progression of experience through time, is classified as continuous in structure and nonlinear in chronology. discontinuous in structure and linear in chronology. not being an imaginative piece of art. continuous in structure and linear in chronology.
A play that follows a strict, cause-effect logic with events occurring in chronological order is considered to have a continuous structure.
However, if the events are linearly arranged, it is classified as having a linear chronology. Therefore, a play that attempts to convey a lifelike progression of experience through time with a strict cause-effect logic is classified as continuous in structure and linear in chronology.
This type of play provides a realistic and immersive dramatic experience for the audience, allowing them to connect with the story and characters on a deeper level. A play is categorised as discontinuous in structure and linear in chronology if the events are connected to one another in a precise, chronological, cause-and-effect continuity and if the dramatic experience seeks to depict a genuine progression of experience across time.
To know more about chronological refer :
brainly.com/question/30560503
#SPJ11
Rhetorical devices are special kinds of language that are used to persuade an audience.
Satire often relies on ____________________ , a ____________________ or inconsistency between what is ____________________ and what is ____________________ .
____________________ is a description of something as being ____________________ or less than it really is.
A false ____________________ is an ____________________ assumption that forms the basis of an argument.
(contradiction, said, smaller, premise, meant, understatement, verbal irony, incorrect)
Imagine that you were in the audience for Martin luther King's speech, and write a one-page first-person account of your experience.
-Be sure to include specific details that convey the atmosphere in the Mall.
Use the conventions of standard written English
I felt amazement and anticipation as soon as I stepped into the National Mall. The energy was palpable, and I sensed an undercurrent of love, courage, and hope.
People of various ages, colors, and socioeconomic status were joined together in unity everywhere I turned. I felt incredibly honored to be present as everyone else was to see history being made. The audience cheered and applauded when Martin Luther King Jr. finally entered the room.
He had a tremendous, energizing presence. We were all equal citizens and he made it very obvious in his passionate speech that we all deserved to be treated with respect and dignity. I could sense the emotion in the room after his remarks struck a chord with the crowd.
He finished his remarks to deafening ovation from the entire audience. All of us had just witnessed something genuinely extraordinary: a leader who had been able to unify us in our pursuit of justice and equality.
To learn more about Martin Luther King link is here
brainly.com/question/8560787
#SPJ4
true or false. in the context of first-class levers, the agonist and antagonist muscle groups may contract simultaneously on either side of a joint axis.
A First-class lever switch allows militant and negative muscle groups to contract contemporaneously on either side of a common axis. It's true.
First Class Regulators- The fulcrum is the center of trouble and stress. This type of switch is in the neck when watching football.
The neck muscles give trouble, the neck is the fulcrum, and the weight of the head is the weight.
A switch is a rigid body that can pivot on itself about a point. Depending on the position of the fulcrum, the cargo, and the force, the switch is divided into three types.
To know more about First-class levers,
brainly.com/question/26033317
#SPJ4
True. In the context of first-class levers, the agonist and antagonist muscle groups may contract simultaneously on either side of a joint axis.
First-class levers are a type of lever system where the load and the effort are on opposite sides of the fulcrum. Agonist and antagonist muscles are two muscle groups that work together to move a joint. The agonist muscle group contracts to produce the desired movement, while the antagonist muscle group contracts to oppose that movement. In a first-class lever system, both the agonist and antagonist muscle groups may contract simultaneously on either side of the joint axis in order to produce the desired movement. This allows for a more efficient movement as both muscle groups can work together to move the joint more quickly and with more force.
To know more about simultaneously refer :
brainly.com/question/31132274
#SPJ11
“Pi,” “radius,” “square,” and “diameter” are examples of
“Pi,” “radius,” “square,” and “diameter” are examples of mathematical terms related to geometry and shapes, specifically those related to circles and squares.
What is Geometry?Geometry is a branch of mathematics that is concerned with the study of the physical properties of shapes, sizes, positions, and orientations of objects in space. It involves the study of various geometric shapes, such as points, lines, curves, surfaces, and solids, and the relationships between them. These relationships can be expressed through various measurements, such as length, area, volume, and angle, which help us understand and describe the properties of these shapes.
Geometry is a foundational field in mathematics, and its concepts and principles are used in many areas of science, engineering, and technology. For instance, geometry is applied in architecture, where designers use geometric principles to create plans for buildings and structures. In engineering, geometry is used to design and manufacture machines and devices, such as engines and turbines. In computer graphics, geometry is used to create virtual 3D models and animations. Furthermore, geometry plays an important role in many fields of science, including astronomy, physics, and chemistry.
Overall, geometry is a crucial branch of mathematics that enables us to better understand and describe the physical world around us and apply mathematical principles to solve practical problems in various fields.
To learn more about “Pi,” visit:
https://brainly.com/question/17775900
#SPJ1
The following passage from Heart of Darkness (paragraph 2) is written in the_ tense, from a
. point of view.
Conrad wrote Heart of Darkness in the first person. Marlow, the primary character, tells his own story from his own perspective.
What is Heart of Darkness's synopsis?The journey of Marlow, an introspective sailor, to see Kurtz—a man who is reportedly a brilliant idealist—up the Congo River is the focus of Heart of Darkness. Marlow is a riverboat captain for the Company, a Belgian company established to conduct commerce in the Congo.
What serves as Heart of Darkness' central theme?Heart of Darkness delves deeply into the problems of imperialism. Marlow sees instances of torture, brutality, and other atrocities as he makes his way from the Outer Station to the Central Station and then up the river to the Inner Station.
To know more about Heart of Darkness visit:-
https://brainly.com/question/28602898
#SPJ1
the motive of artificial speech and behavior is found throughout much ado about nothing amazon motive evident in the opening scene of the play
The opening scene of "Much Ado About Nothing" by William Shakespeare is marked by the motive of artificial speech and behavior, which is a central theme throughout the play.
The characters engage in witty banter, characterized by clever wordplay and biting insults, that is highly stylized and performative. This sets the tone for the rest of the play, which is marked by a series of deceptions and mistaken identities that arise from the characters' tendency to adopt false identities and conceal their true feelings behind a façade of artificial speech and behavior.
Ultimately, the motive of artificial speech and behavior highlights the tension between appearance and reality and the power of language to mask one's true intentions and feelings.
Learn more about artificial speech
https://brainly.com/question/14471986
#SPJ4
favourite line of your book?
Answer: in the book everland based off Peter Pan but steampunk
Explanation: my favorite line is”to die would be an awfully great adventure”
Select the word that means a written plan of events or activities. Proclaim
Produce
Program
Protect
Program means a written plan of events or activities. So the option C is correct.
Proclaim: To make public or declare a fact, opinion, or belief; to announce officially. Proclaiming is a way of making something public or official. It can be done through speech, writing, or other forms of communication.
Produce: To create, make, or bring into existence; to bring forward for consideration or use. Produce is an action that brings something new into existence, or brings forward something that already exists for a particular purpose.
Program: A plan or system of action, especially one designed so as to be orderly and efficient; a set of instructions for a computer or other electronic device.
Protect: To guard or shield from harm or danger; to keep from being damaged or destroyed; to preserve from attack or violation. So the option C is correct.
To learn more about Program link is here
brainly.com/question/14368396
#SPJ4
How does the author BEST develop the theme that “not everything or everyone is as it seems” in part one of too kill a mocking bird
Answer:
The most important theme of To Kill a Mockingbird is the book’s exploration of the moral nature of human beings—that is, whether people are essentially good or essentially evil. The novel approaches this question by dramatizing Scout and Jem’s transition from a perspective of childhood innocence, in which they assume that people are good because they have never seen evil, to a more adult perspective, in which they have confronted evil and must incorporate it into their understanding of the world. As a result of this portrayal of the transition from innocence to experience, one of the book’s important subthemes involves the threat that hatred, prejudice, and ignorance pose to the innocent: people such as Tom Robinson and Boo Radley are not prepared for the evil that they encounter, and, as a result, they are destroyed. Even Jem is victimized to an extent by his discovery of the evil of racism during and after the trial. Whereas Scout is able to maintain her basic faith in human nature despite Tom’s conviction, Jem’s faith in justice and in humanity is badly damaged, and he retreats into a state of disillusionment.The moral voice of To Kill a Mockingbird is embodied by Atticus Finch, who is virtually unique in the novel in that he has experienced and understood evil without losing his faith in the human capacity for goodness. Atticus understands that, rather than being simply creatures of good or creatures of evil, most people have both good and bad qualities. The important thing is to appreciate the good qualities and understand the bad qualities by treating others with sympathy and trying to see life from their perspective. He tries to teach this ultimate moral lesson to Jem and Scout to show them that it is possible to live with conscience without losing hope or becoming cynical. In this way, Atticus is able to admire Mrs. Dubose’s courage even while deploring her racism. Scout’s progress as a character in the novel is defined by her gradual development toward understanding Atticus’s lessons, culminating when, in the final chapters, Scout at last sees Boo Radley as a human being. Her newfound ability to view the world from his perspective ensures that she will not become jaded as she loses her innocence.
Explanation:
3. Read "Tipping Point. " In 3–4 sentences, identify a tipping point in your life and explain how it
was similar to or different from the one Josh describes in the poem. Use specific details from
your life and text evidence from the novel to support your answer.
My tipping point was when I decided to leave my job and pursue a career in writing.
When I made the decision to quit my job and pursue a writing career, that was my tipping moment. Because it was a turning point in his life where he realized who he was and took charge of it, it was comparable to Josh's tipping point.
It was different because, in contrast to Josh, I knew exactly what I wanted to achieve and had a strategy in place. I had previously done my homework and had a plan in place, whereas Josh's tipping point was more of an impulse choice.
According to Josh, "I chose my fate, my destiny, and I made my own fortune" (Line 28). My experience was comparable to this in that I decided to pursue a career that I was passionate about and invested a lot of effort in making it happen.
To learn more about pursue a career link is here
brainly.com/question/13238120
#SPJ4
which sentence best states the conflict revealed in this passage from helen keller the story of my life? hellen is sad
The best response is D based on the passage. Helen is frustrated by the challenges associated with learning to communicate.
What is Helen Keller experiencing at this point in the narrative?
What is Helen Keller feeling at this point in the story, based on the passage's details? She understands that learning will enhance her life and broaden her perspective.
What is a brief summary of Helen Keller's novella The Story of My Life?
Helen Keller, a young woman who become blind and deaf at a young age, is profiled in The Story of My Life, published in 1903. The book examines the difficulties she had as a disabled child growing up and introduces the incredible people who supported her.
To know more about hellen visit:
https://brainly.com/question/14250083
#SPJ1
The complete question is:
Which sentence best states the conflict revealed in this passage from Helen
Keller's The Story of My Life?
Have you ever been at sea in a dense fog, when it seemed
as if a tangible white darkness shut you in, and the great
ship, tense and anxious, groped her way toward the shore
with plummet and sounding-line, and you waited with
beating heart for something to happen? I was like that ship
before my education began, only I was without compass or
sounding-line, and had no way of knowing how near the
harbour was. "Light! give me light!" was the wordless cry of
my soul, and the light of love shone on me in that very
hour.
O A. Helen is angry that her mother and teacher aren't helping her to
communicate.
O B. Helen is sad that her teacher is leaving and will be unable to
communicate with her.
OC. Helen is scared that she will never be able to communicate with
her family again
O D. Helen is frustrated by the challenges associated with learning to
communicate.
you listen to the whole question, then repeat it. for what reasons is this important? select all that apply.
Repeating the whole question before answering is important for several reasons. Firstly, it ensures that the listener fully understands the question being asked and can provide an accurate and relevant response.
Secondly, it shows that the listener is actively engaged in the conversation and interested in the topic at hand. Thirdly, repeating the question can help to clarify any misunderstandings or ambiguities that may arise during the conversation.
Finally, it can also help to establish a sense of rapport and trust between the speaker and listener, as it demonstrates that the listener is attentive and respectful of the speaker's thoughts and ideas.
Learn more about speaker's thoughts
https://brainly.com/question/28461044
#SPJ4
Read the passage from chapter 5 of Animal Farm.
On the third Sunday after Snowball's expulsion, the animals were somewhat surprised to hear Napoleon announce that the windmill was to be built after all. He did not give any reason for having changed his mind, but merely warned the animals that this extra task would mean very hard work, it might even be necessary to reduce their rations. The plans, however, had all been prepared, down to the last detail. A special committee of pigs had been at work upon them for the past three weeks. The building of the windmill, with various other improvements, was expected to take two years.
That evening Squealer explained privately to the other animals that Napoleon had never in reality been opposed to the windmill. On the contrary, it was he who had advocated it in the beginning, and the plan which Snowball had drawn on the floor of the incubator shed had actually been stolen from among Napoleon's papers. The windmill was, in fact, Napoleon's own creation. Why, then, asked somebody, had he spoken so strongly against it? Here Squealer looked very sly. That, he said, was Comrade Napoleon's cunning. He had seemed to oppose the windmill, simply as a maneuver to get rid of Snowball, who was a dangerous character and a bad influence. Now that Snowball was out of the way, the plan could go forward without his interference. This, said Squealer, was something called tactics. He repeated a number of times, "Tactics, comrades, tactics!" skipping round and whisking his tail with a merry laugh. The animals were not certain what the word meant, but Squealer spoke so persuasively, and the three dogs who happened to be with him growled so threateningly, that they accepted his explanation without further questions.
How does Orwell use satire to achieve his purpose in this passage? Select two options.
He uses parody to show how dictators deflect blame to others.
He uses the three dogs to parody the idea that loyalty will be rewarded.
He uses reversal to show that dictators do not abide by their principles.
He uses Squealer's character to parody an indifferent follower of a corrupt leader.
He uses ridicule to make fun of how people are focused on economic gain.
Answer:
C
Explanation:
CAUSE IM JUST THAT SMART
27.All of Paulo and Geneva's children have moved out, started families, and are working ontheir careers. According to the text, Paulo and Geneva's home is now a(n) _____.A)haven of quietB)empty nestC)lonely cavernD)house of mirrors
The text suggests that Paulo and Geneva's home is now an "empty nest," as all of their children have moved out, started families, and are pursuing their careers. Thus option B is correct.
All of Paulo and Geneva's children appear to have left home, established families, and begun jobs, according to the text. As a result, their house is now an "empty nest," as their kids are no longer living there. While for some parents this may be a huge shift, it can also provide a sense of tranquilly, sometimes referred to as a "haven of quiet."
The home is not likely to be described as a "lonely cavern" or "house of mirrors," as these expressions do not adequately convey an empty nest.
Learn more about families:
https://brainly.com/question/2963527
#SPJ4
Write an expository essay about the benefits of space exploration.
Your expository essay must be based on this prompt and topic, and it must
incorporate ideas and information found in the sources provided.
Use your best writing to complete an essay that
I'm afraid we can't write an essay, but we can give you some kick-up on your topic of the "benefits of space exploration."
Benefits of Space Exploration:
Improves health careProtects our planet and its environmentOffers scientific and technical jobsImproves our everyday livesEnhances our safety on EarthMaking scientific discoveriesSparking youth's interest in scienceHelps to cooperate with countries around the worldCheck out this website for more information on these kick-ups:
https://www.asc-csa.gc.ca/eng/about/everyday-benefits-of-space-exploration/
Make sure you don't depend on this website, use other websites. Make sure they are credible and trustworthy. If you want to know how to find a credible and trustworthy site, I'll teach you. Just send a comment.
Add more research. Search up the following keywords to help search: How does space exploration ______________?
Fill in the blank.
ex. How does space exploration improve health care?
How does space exploration protect our planet and its environment?
Tips:
Cite sources and add a bibliography, which is a section at the end of an article or writing that lists the sources used for the text, along with a quote from a famous scientist. If you can, add photos with captions, and don't forget to cite the image source. Remember to use paragraphs and indent at the beginning of each one. To indent, use the "tab" button on your keyboard.
Hope this helped and if you need any assistance send a comment, I'll be happy to help!
Demonstrate how well you understand The Alchemist so far by completing this assignment: Write two paragraphs in response to the prompt below.
Sheep play an important role in Part One of The Alchemist—the novel opens with the shepherd Santiago thinking about his sheep. What does Santiago observe about their existence? How might the sheep symbolize the way some people live their lives?
Unpopular opinion: BO3 has the best zombies
Answer:
BO3 does have the best zombies
Explanation:
those ________ know tatiana should sign the card.
that
who
either
Those who know tatiana should sign the card.
Use of who, that and either:
In this case, the relative pronouns who and that are being used to connect the object of the sentence—that is, the entity being acted upon by the subject—to the subject of the phrase, or the noun that the sentence is about. These relative pronouns serve as a way of bringing up someone or something that was discussed in the past.
"Who" is a common term to refer to individuals.When referring to inanimate objects, such as that computer or piece of paper, the word "that" is always used."That" can also refer to a group or particular kind of individual, such as "that" team.When describing a decision between two possibilities, the word "either" is employed. For instance: "Either you work hard, or you fail."
Learn more about relative pronouns:
brainly.com/question/17693329
#SPJ4
Which of these is a secondary
"character" (not part of the
main conflict) in "The Invalid's
Story"?
A. The Invalid, the man traveling with the
box
B. Thompson, the expressman
C. The man who loaded the box of guns into
the express car
What would be Tammy Duckworth super strengths and quality if she was a superhero?
Answer: Freedom and rights
Explanation: Senator Duckworth believes one of America's greatest strengths is our system of democratic values and constitutionally-protected freedoms and rights.
Mike said im going to see a movie this week
The indirect speech of the sentence is "Mike said he was going to see a movie that week."
Direct speech is when someone directly quotes what someone else said, word for word. It is written or spoken in quotation marks (“ ”).
Indirect speech is when someone reports what someone else said, without quoting them directly. It does not use quotation marks, and often includes reporting verbs such as 'say', 'tell', 'explain', etc. In indirect speech, the reporting subject may also change the original tense or pronoun of the direct speech.
As we know that first person is change according the subject of reported speech so we changed 'I' as 'He' and tense from present to past.
To learn more about direct and indirect speech link is here
brainly.com/question/31129402
#SPJ4
The complete question is:
Mike said "I'm going to see a movie this week." Write the indirect speech.
PLEASE HELP ILL MARK BRAINLIEST !!
Consider the Chinese proverb "when the wind of change blows some build walls while other build windmills. "Which does the family in this poem do ? Explore your ideas in a written argument -MAGIC ISLAND - Please just explain it more to me
The family in Mark Bussing's poem "Magic Island" must contend with a wind of change that could upend the tranquilly of their island home.
Instead of erecting barriers to keep the change out, they embrace it by constructing windmills that harness its energy and provide the island with power. This choice exemplifies the wisdom of the Chinese saying, which holds that people who embrace change rather than fighting it will discover ways to benefit from it.
The poem portrays the family's optimistic response to the winds of change. Instead than striving to ignore or dismiss the need to adapt to the changing world around them, they come up with an innovative way to use it. The windmills stand for their readiness to adapt to change and their resolve to make the most of the circumstances. They can continue to live in peace and keep their connection to nature thanks to this mentality and their way of life on their island.
The family in "Magic Island" demonstrates that, rather than erecting barriers to keep change out, it is possible to embrace it and exploit it to one's benefit. By doing this, they put into practice the Chinese saying that says that while some people build walls in response to change, others create windmills.
To learn more about Magic Island link is here
brainly.com/question/29502116
#SPJ4
Discuss Okonkwo's character on Things Fall Apart novel by Chinua Achabe
Answer: A self-made, well-respected member of Umuofia clan.
Pls help me fill out his chart due tomorrow at 3:30pm
Lincoln tried to prevent the nation from further fracturing and to promote confidence that the Union can overcome the Confederacy because it has the "higher ground" morally and is the exigence of the address. For the region that would become Soldier's National Cemetery, Lincoln's speech at Gettysburg served as a fidelity.
What does the Gettysburg Address aim to convey in particular?The most important lesson to be learned from the Gettysburg Address is however that ideals are worth dying for and that it is up to the living to carry on the work of those who gave their lives to maintain those beliefs. The major point of the Gettysburg Address is that principles are worth dying for and that it is duty to the surviving to continue the work of those who gave their lives to defend ideals. The fundamental principles that support the US as a country are freedom and equality.
The Civil War is positioned within the historical context or backdrop of the American struggle for freedom in Lincoln's succinct but impactful Gettysburg Address. In some ways, the war, according to Lincoln, is a continuation of the American Revolution and a test of the ideas that the colonists fought for in 1776. The Gettysburg Address' immediate purpose was to support the dedication of the Gettysburg Cemetery.
Representatives of the committee for the Consecration of the National Cemetery at Gettysburg, politicians, journalists, throngs of soldiers and citizens, totaling about 15,000 persons, made up the live audience for the speech.
The Gettysburg Address' major objective or purpose at the time it was delivered was to honor a brand-new national cemetery in Gettysburg. The elimination of slavery and the reunification of the Union served as Lincoln's motivation for fighting on to win the Civil War.
To learn more about Gettysburg Address, visit:
https://brainly.com/question/8178070
#SPJ1
How has climate change affected the Arctic?
This research question is
because it is
Answer:
Climate change has had significant impacts on the Arctic region, resulting in various environmental, social, and economic changes. Some of the major effects of climate change on the Arctic include:
Melting sea ice: Arctic sea ice, which serves as a critical habitat for species such as polar bears, walruses, and seals, is declining rapidly due to climate change. Reduced sea ice cover also has impacts on shipping routes, resource extraction, and local economies, as it opens up new opportunities for commercial activities in the region.
Impacts on indigenous communities: Indigenous peoples in the Arctic, who have traditional knowledge and cultural ties to the land, are facing significant impacts from climate change. These include changes in hunting, fishing, and gathering practices, loss of traditional livelihoods, and challenges to cultural heritage and identity.
Geopolitical implications: Climate change in the Arctic has also led to increased geopolitical interest in the region, as countries and stakeholders vie for access to newly accessible resources, shipping routes, and strategic advantages. This has raised concerns about potential conflicts and tensions in the region.
Overall, climate change is having profound effects on the Arctic, with wide-ranging impacts on its physical environment, ecosystems, wildlife, indigenous communities, and geopolitical dynamics. These changes highlight the urgent need for mitigation and adaptation measures to address the impacts of climate change and protect the unique and fragile Arctic ecosystem.
Explanation:
Question 6 of 14
Read this sentence from Gilman's 'The Yellow Wallpaper"
I think sometimes that if I were only well enough to write
a little it would relieve the press of ideas and rest me.
Which theme does this sentence best support?
A. Even when a husband and wife disagree, both can be happy.
B. A person who is not allowed to be creative can become
distressed.
C. Women played subordinate roles in marriage during the
nineteenth century.
D. Doctors in the nineteenth century listened to their patients
concerns.
Adjectives used in writing should be _____.
descriptive and general
inappropriate and general
necessary and numerous
necessary and specific