Find the minimum stages at total reflux for separating ethanol-acetone mixture to achieve 95 mol% purity of acetone in the distillate and 95 mol% purity of ethanol in the bottoms product. Use equilibrium data from problem 4D7. x y Equilibrium data for acetone (A) and ethanol at 1 atm (Perry et al., 1963, pp. 13-4) are
0.100.150.200.250.300.350.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80 0.90 0.262 0.348 0.417 0.478 0.524 0.566 0.605 0.674 0.739 0.80 20.865 0.929
Answer:
minimum number of stages ≈ 9 ( from Image number 1 )
Explanation:
Attached below is a detailed solution to the question
Total reflux = R Tending to infinity
we can determine the operation equation by stripping and rectifying section in total reflux condition
minimum number of stages ≈ 9 ( from Image number 1 )
Which option identifies the section of a project charter represented in the following scenario?
Updated POS terminals will be available to the following five departments by July 31, 2015.
O project assumptions
O project deliverables
O project constraints
O project requirements
The diameter of a cylindrical water tank is Do and its height is H. The tank is filled with water, which is open to the atmosphere. An orifice of diameter D with a smooth entrance (i.e., negligible losses) is open at the bottom. Develop a relation for the time required for the tank (a) to empty halfway (5-point) and (b) to empty completely (5-point).
Answer:
a. The time required for the tank to empty halfway is presented as follows;
[tex]t_1 = \dfrac{D_0^2 }{D^2 } \cdot \sqrt{ \dfrac{H}{g} } \cdot \left (\sqrt{2} -1 \right)[/tex]
b. The time it takes for the tank to empty the remaining half is presented as follows;
[tex]t_2 = { \dfrac{ D_0^2 }{D} \cdot\sqrt{\dfrac{H}{g} }[/tex]
The total time 't', is presented as follows;
[tex]t = \sqrt{2} \cdot \dfrac{D_0^2 }{D^2 } \cdot \sqrt{ \dfrac{H}{g} }[/tex]
Explanation:
a. The diameter of the tank = D₀
The height of the tank = H
The diameter of the orifice at the bottom = D
The equation for the flow through an orifice is given as follows;
v = √(2·g·h)
Therefore, we have;
[tex]\dfrac{P_1}{\gamma} + z_1 + \dfrac{v_1}{2 \cdot g} = \dfrac{P_2}{\gamma} + z_2 + \dfrac{v_2}{2 \cdot g}[/tex]
[tex]\left( \dfrac{P_1}{\gamma} -\dfrac{P_2}{\gamma} \right) + (z_1 - z_2) + \dfrac{v_1}{2 \cdot g} = \dfrac{v_2}{2 \cdot g}[/tex]
Where;
P₁ = P₂ = The atmospheric pressure
z₁ - z₂ = dh (The height of eater in the tank)
A₁·v₁ = A₂·v₂
v₂ = (A₁/A₂)·v₁
A₁ = π·D₀²/4
A₂ = π·D²/4
A₁/A₂ = D₀²/(D²) = v₂/v₁
v₂ = (D₀²/(D²))·v₁ = √(2·g·h)
The time, 'dt', it takes for the water to drop by a level, dh, is given as follows;
dt = dh/v₁ = (v₂/v₁)/v₂·dh = (D₀²/(D²))/v₂·dh = (D₀²/(D²))/√(2·g·h)·dh
We have;
[tex]dt = \dfrac{D_0^2}{D} \cdot\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2\cdot g \cdot h} } dh[/tex]
The time for the tank to drop halfway is given as follows;
[tex]\int\limits^{t_1}_0 {} \, dt = \int\limits^h_{\frac{h}{2} } { \dfrac{D_0^2}{D} \cdot\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2\cdot g \cdot h} } } \, dh[/tex]
[tex]t_1 =\left[{ \dfrac{D_0^2}{D\cdot \sqrt{2\cdot g} } \cdot\dfrac{h^{-\frac{1}{2} +1}}{-\frac{1}{2} +1 } \right]_{\frac{H}{2} }^{H} =\left[ { \dfrac{D_0^2 \cdot 2\cdot \sqrt{h} }{D\cdot \sqrt{2\cdot g} } \right]_{\frac{H}{2} }^{H} = { \dfrac{2 \cdot D_0^2 }{D\cdot \sqrt{2\cdot g} } \cdot \left(\sqrt{H} - \sqrt{\dfrac{H}{2} } \right)[/tex]
[tex]t_1 = { \dfrac{2 \cdot D_0^2 }{D^2\cdot \sqrt{2\cdot g} } \cdot \left(\sqrt{H} - \sqrt{\dfrac{H}{2} } \right) = { \dfrac{\sqrt{2} \cdot D_0^2 }{D^2\cdot \sqrt{ g} } \cdot \left(\sqrt{H} - \sqrt{\dfrac{H}{2} } \right)[/tex]
[tex]t_1 = { \dfrac{\sqrt{2} \cdot D_0^2 }{D^2\cdot \sqrt{ g} } \cdot \left(\sqrt{H} - \sqrt{\dfrac{H}{2} } \right) = { \dfrac{D_0^2 }{D^2\cdot \sqrt{ g} } \cdot \left(\sqrt{2 \cdot H} - \sqrt{{H} } \right) =\dfrac{D_0^2 }{D^2 } \cdot \sqrt{ \dfrac{H}{g} } \cdot \left (\sqrt{2} -1 \right)[/tex]The time required for the tank to empty halfway, t₁, is given as follows;
[tex]t_1 = \dfrac{D_0^2 }{D^2 } \cdot \sqrt{ \dfrac{H}{g} } \cdot \left (\sqrt{2} -1 \right)[/tex]
(b) The time it takes for the tank to empty completely, t₂, is given as follows;
[tex]\int\limits^{t_2}_0 {} \, dt = \int\limits^{\frac{h}{2} }_{0 } { \dfrac{D_0^2}{D} \cdot\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2\cdot g \cdot h} } } \, dh[/tex]
[tex]t_2 =\left[{ \dfrac{D_0^2}{D\cdot \sqrt{2\cdot g} } \cdot\dfrac{h^{-\frac{1}{2} +1}}{-\frac{1}{2} +1 } \right]_{0}^{\frac{H}{2} } =\left[ { \dfrac{D_0^2 \cdot 2\cdot \sqrt{h} }{D\cdot \sqrt{2\cdot g} } \right]_{0 }^{\frac{H}{2} } = { \dfrac{2 \cdot D_0^2 }{D\cdot \sqrt{2\cdot g} } \cdot \left( \sqrt{\dfrac{H}{2} } -0\right)[/tex]
[tex]t_2 = { \dfrac{ D_0^2 }{D} \cdot\sqrt{\dfrac{H}{g} }[/tex]
The time it takes for the tank to empty the remaining half, t₂, is presented as follows;
[tex]t_2 = { \dfrac{ D_0^2 }{D} \cdot\sqrt{\dfrac{H}{g} }[/tex]
The total time, t, to empty the tank is given as follows;
[tex]t = t_1 + t_2 = \dfrac{D_0^2 }{D^2 } \cdot \sqrt{ \dfrac{H}{g} } \cdot \left (\sqrt{2} -1 \right) + t_2 = { \dfrac{ D_0^2 }{D} \cdot\sqrt{\dfrac{H}{g} } = \dfrac{D_0^2 }{D^2 } \cdot \sqrt{ \dfrac{H}{g} } \cdot \sqrt{2}[/tex]
[tex]t = \sqrt{2} \cdot \dfrac{D_0^2 }{D^2 } \cdot \sqrt{ \dfrac{H}{g} }[/tex]
Match the example to the model type it represents.
1. The client complains about the way the keyboard feels
1.mock-up
2. The engineering team tests how the tire treads on a new SUV perform on 2.various road conditions
preproduction model
3. The engineering team performs tests on the efficiency of the manufacturing process used for a recumbent bicycle
3.presentation model
Answer:
represnt
Explanation:
A water jet pump involves a jet cross-sectional area of 0.01 m^2, and a jet velocity of 30 m/s. The jet is surrounded by entrained water. The total cross-sectional area associated with the jet and entrained streams is 0.075 m^2. These two fluid streams leave the pump thoroughly mixed with an average velocity of 6 m/s through a cross-sectional area of 0.075 m^2. Determine the pumping rate (i.e., the entrained fluid flowrate) involved in liters/s.
Answer:
the entrained fluid flowrate is 150 liters/s
Explanation:
Given the data in the question;
we determine the flow rate of water though the jet by using the following expression;
Q₂ = A₂ × V₂
where Q₂ is the flow rate of water though the jet, A₂ is the cross sectional area of the jet( 0.01 m² ) and V₂ is the jet velocity( 30 m/s )
so we substitute
Q₂ = 0.01 m² × 30 m/s
Q₂ = 0.3 m³/s
Next we determine the flow rate of water through the pump by using the following expression
Q₃ = A₃ × V₃
where Q₃ is the flow rate of water though the pump, A₃ is the cross sectional area of the pump( 0.075 m² ) and V₃ is the average velocity of mixing( 6 m/s )
so we substitute
Q₃ = 0.075 m² × 6 m/s
Q₃ = 0.45 m³/s
so to calculate the flow pumping rate of water into the water jet pump, we use the expression;
Q₁ + Q₂ = Q₃
we substitute
Q₁ + 0.3 m³/s = 0.45 m³/s
Q₁ = 0.45 m³/s - 0.3 m³/s
Q₁ = 0.15 m³/s
we know that 1 m³/s = 1000 Liter/second
so
Q₁ = 0.15 × 1000 Liter/seconds
Q₁ = 150 liters/s
Therefore, the entrained fluid flowrate is 150 liters/s
A closed vessel of volume 80 litres contain gas at a gauge pressure of 150 kPa. If the gas is compressed isothermally to half its volume, determine the resulting pressure.
Answer:
The resulting pressure is 300 kilopascals.
Explanation:
Let consider that gas within the closed vessel behaves ideally. By the equation of state for ideal gases, we construct the following relationship for the isothermal relationship:
[tex]P_{1}\cdot V_{1} = P_{2} \cdot V_{2}[/tex] (1)
Where:
[tex]P_{1}[/tex], [tex]P_{2}[/tex] - Initial and final pressure, measured in kilopascals.
[tex]V_{1}[/tex], [tex]V_{2}[/tex] - Initial and final volume, measured in litres.
If we know that [tex]\frac{V_{1}}{V_{2}} = 2[/tex] and [tex]P_{1} = 150\,kPa[/tex], then the resulting pressure is:
[tex]P_{2} = P_{1}\times \frac{V_{1}}{V_{2}}[/tex]
[tex]P_{2} = 300\,kPa[/tex]
The resulting pressure is 300 kilopascals.
Kim is working on the cost estimate and feasible design options for a building. Which stage of a construction plan is Kim working on now? A. design development B. schematic design C. mechanical D. structural
Answer:
B. schematic design
Explanation:
This correct for Plato/edmentum
Kim is working on the cost estimate. The stage of a construction plan is Kim working on now is schematic design. The correct option is B.
What is a schematic design?A schematic design is an outline of a house or a building or another construction thing. The schematic design makes the outline map of the exterior or interior of the building. It is the foremost phase of designing something.
The design expert discusses the project three-dimensionally at this point in the process. To define the character of the finished project and an ideal fulfillment of the project program, a variety of potential design concepts are investigated.
The schematic design consists of a rough sketch with markings and measurements.
Therefore, the correct option is B. schematic design.
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What's the ampacity of a No. 10 type TW copper Wire in a raceway containing six wires and located in an area where the ambient Temperature is 50 C
A. 15.1 A
B. 8.6 A
C. 13.9 A
D. 10.8 A
Determine the convection heat transfer coefficient, thermal resistance for convection, and the convection heat transfer rate that are associated with air at atmospheric pressure in cross flow over a cylinder of diameter D = 100 mm and length L = 2 m. The cylinder temperature is Ts = ° 70 C while the air velocity and temperature are V = 3 m/s and T[infinity] = 20°C, respectively. Plot the convection heat transfer coefficient and the heat transfer rate from the cylinder over the range 0.05 m ≤ D ≤ 0.5 m.
Answer:
attached below
Explanation:
Attached below is a detailed solution to the question above
Step 1 : determine the Reynolds number using the characteristics of Air at 45°c
Step 2 : calculate the Nusselt's number
Step 3 : determine heat transfer coefficient
Step 4 : calculate heat transfer ratio and thermal resistance
Repeat steps 1 - 4 for each value of diameter from 0.05 to 0.5 m
attached below is a detailed solution
In one study the critical stress intensity factor for human bone was calculated to be 4.05 MN/m3/2. If the value of Y in Eq. (2.8) is 1.2 and there may be a 2 mm crack present in a bone specimen, what would be the maximum tensile stress that can be applied before fracture occurs?
Please help fast
What would happen if the air outside the hot air balloon were as hot as the air inside.
Write a python program to get the following output. 1-----99 2-----98 3-----97 . . . . . . 98-----2 99-----1
Answer:
i dont know th answer can u help ?
Explanation:
A cylindrical specimen of some metal alloy 10 mm in diameter and 150 mm long has a modulus of elasticity of 100 GPa. Does it seem reasonable to expect a tensile stress of 200 MPa to produce a reduction in specimen diameter of 0.08 mm
Answer:
N0
Explanation:
It does not seem reasonable to expect a tensile stress of 200 MPa to produce a reduction in specimen diameter of 0.08 mm
Given data :
Diameter ( d ) = 10 mm
length ( l ) = 150 mm
elasticity ( ∈ ) = 100 GPa
longitudinal strain ( б ) 200 MPa
Poisson ratio ( μ ) ( assumed ) =0.3
Assumption : deformation totally elastic
attached below is the detailed solution to why it is not reasonable .
The Sd value = 0.08 > the calculated Sd value ( 6*10^-3 ) hence it is not reasonable to expect a tensile stress of 200 MPa to produce a reduction in specimen
Shorter lines are faster than longer lines is an example of an algorithm.
Answer:
Programmers count the number of lines of code in an algorithm.
Programmers count the number of lines of code in an algorithm. Thus, shorter lines are faster than longer lines is an example of an algorithm.
What do you mean by algorithm?An algorithm is a finite sequence of exact instructions that is used in mathematics and computer science to solve a class of particular problems or carry out a computation.
For performing calculations and processing data, algorithms are employed as specifications. Conditionals can be used by more sophisticated algorithms to divert code execution along several paths and draw reliable inferences, ultimately leading to automation.
Alan Turing was the first to use terminology like "memory," "search," and "stimulus" to describe human traits as metaphorical descriptions of machines.
A heuristic, on the other hand, is a method for addressing problems that may not be fully articulated or may not provide accurate or ideal solutions, particularly in problem domains where there isn't a clearly defined proper or ideal conclusion.
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An infinite cylindrical rod falls down in the middle of an infinite tube filled with fluidat a constant speed V (terminal velocity). The density of the rod and the fluid are different.Assume that the pressure field is hydrostatic.(a)[5pts] Solve for the velocity profileas a function of rin terms of V and the other variables.(b)[2pts] Calculate upward force per unit length of the rod from the fluid wall shear stress on the rod.(c)[2 pts] Calculate upward force per unit length of the rod from bouyancy.(d)[1pts] Calculate V.VR1
Answer:
the speed of your poop
Explanation:
A utility generates electricity with a 36% efficient coal-fired power plant emitting the legal limit of 0.6 lb of SO2 per million Btus of heat into the plant. Suppose the utility encourages its customers to replace their 75-W incandescents with 18-W compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs) that produce the same amount of light. Over the 10,000-hr lifetime of a single CFL.
Required:
a. How many kilowatt-hours of electricity would be saved?
b. How many 2,000-lb tons of SO2 would not be emitted?
c. If the utility can sell its rights to emit SO2 at $800 per ton, how much money could the utility earn by selling the SO2 saved by a single CFL?
Answer:
a) 570 kWh of electricity will be saved
b) the amount of SO₂ not be emitted or heat of electricity saved is 0.00162 ton/CLF
c) $1.296 can be earned by selling the SO₂ saved by a single CFL
Explanation:
Given the data in the question;
a) How many kilowatt-hours of electricity would be saved?
first, we determine the total power consumption by the incandescent lamp
[tex]P_{incandescent}[/tex] = 75 w × 10,000-hr = 750000 wh = 750 kWh
next, we also find the total power consumption by the fluorescent lamp
[tex]P_{fluorescent}[/tex] = 18 × 10000 = 180000 = 180 kWh
So the value of power saved will be;
[tex]P_{saved}[/tex] = [tex]P_{incandescent}[/tex] - [tex]P_{fluorescent}[/tex]
[tex]P_{saved}[/tex] = 750 - 180
[tex]P_{saved}[/tex] = 570 kWh
Therefore, 570 kWh of electricity will be saved.
now lets find the heat of electricity saved in Bituminous
heat saved = energy saved per CLF / efficiency of plant
given that; the utility has 36% efficiency
we substitute
heat saved = 570 kWh/CLF / 36%
we know that; 1 kilowatt (kWh) = 3,412 btu per hour (btu/h)
so
heat saved = 570 kWh/CLF / 0.36 × (3412 Btu / kW-hr (
heat saved = 5.4 × 10⁶ Btu/CLF
i.e eat of electricity saved per CLF is 5.4 × 10⁶
b) How many 2,000-lb tons of SO₂ would not be emitted
2000 lb/tons = 5.4 × 10⁶ Btu/CLF
0.6 lb SO₂ / million Btu = x
so
x = [( 5.4 × 10⁶ Btu/CLF ) × ( 0.6 lb SO₂ / million Btu )] / 2000 lb/tons
x = [( 5.4 × 10⁶ Btu/CLF ) × ( 0.6 lb SO₂ )] / [ ( 10⁶) × ( 2000 lb/ton) ]
x = 3.24 × 10⁶ / 2 × 10⁹
x = 0.00162 ton/CLF
Therefore, the amount of SO₂ not be emitted or heat of electricity saved is 0.00162 ton/CLF
c) If the utility can sell its rights to emit SO2 at $800 per ton, how much money could the utility earn by selling the SO2 saved by a single CFL?
Amount = ( SO₂ saved per CLF ) × ( rate per CFL )
we substitute
Amount = 0.00162 ton/CLF × $800
= $1.296
Therefore; $1.296 can be earned by selling the SO₂ saved by a single CFL.
Many households in developing countries prepare food over indoor cook stoves with no ducting system to exhaust the combustion products outside. A woman in a household lights a fire in her cookstove at 4 pm. The fire emits benzo(a)pyrene, a carcinogenic compound, at a rate of 0.01 ng/min. The house has a size of 40 m3 and a ventilation rate of 1 m3/h. The ambient indoor air concentration of benzo(a)pyrene was 0.2 ng/m3 when she started the fire, but no significant concentration of benzo(a)pyrene is found in the outdoor air. What is the indoor benzo(a)pyrene concentration in the household at 6 pm?
Answer:
C = 0.22857 ng / m³
Explanation:
Let's solve this problem for part the total time in the kitchen is
t = 2h (60 min / 1h) = 120 min
The concentration (C) quantity of benzol pyrene is the initial quantity plus the quantity generated per area minus the quantity eliminated by the air flow. The amount removed can be calculated assuming that an amount of extra air that must be filled with the pollutant
amount generated
C = co + time_generation rate / (area_house + area_flow)
C = 0.2 + 0.01 120 / (40+ 2)
C = 0.22857 ng / m³
Because the mechanism of creep deformation is different from the mechanism of slip in most metal deformation processes, one of the fundamental relationships between microstructure and mechanical properties of metals is reversed for creep deformation compared with normal deformation. Is it:________.
A. The Hume-Rothery Rules
B. The Hall-Petch Relation
C. The Schmid Equation
Answer:
B. The Hall-Petch Relation
Explanation:
The Hall-Petch relation indicates that by reducing the grain size the strength of a material is increased up to the theoretical strength of the material however when the material grain size is reduced below 20 nm the material is more susceptible to creep deformation and displays an "inverse" Hall-Petch Relation as the Hall-Petch relation then has a negative slope (k value)
The Hall-Petch relation can be presented as follows;
[tex]\sigma_y[/tex] = [tex]\sigma_0[/tex] + k·(1/√d)
Where;
[tex]\sigma_y[/tex] = The strength
σ₀ = The friction stress
d = The grain size
k = The strengthening coefficient
The model equation for the reverse Hall-Petch effect is presented here as follows;
[tex]\sigma_y[/tex] = 10.253 - 10.111·(1/√d)
You are designing a hydraulic power takeoff for a garden tractor. The hydraulic pump will be directly connected to the motor and supply hydraulic fluid at 250 psi for use by accessories. In order for the tractor to maintain normal operation, the maximum power the hydraulic system can use is limited to 11 hp. For what maximum hydraulic flow rate in gallons per minute (gpm) should you design
Answer:
required flow rate is 75.44 gal/min
Explanation:
Given the data in the question;
Power developed = 250 psi = 1.724 × 10⁶ Pa
hydraulic power W = 11 hp = 11 × 746 = 8206 Watt
now, Applying the formula for pump power
W = pgQμ
where p is density of fluid, Q is flow rate, μ is heat and W is power developed;
W = pgQμ
W = pgμ × Q
W = P × Q -------- let this be equ 1
so we substitute in our values;
8.2027 kW = 1.724 × 10⁶ Pa × Q
Q = 8206 / 1.724 × 10⁶
Q = 4.75986 × 10⁻³ m³/sec
We know that, 1 cubic meter per seconds = 15850.3 US liquid gallon per minute, so
Q = 4.75986 × 10⁻³ × 15850.3 gallon/min
Q = 75.44 gal/min
Therefore, required flow rate is 75.44 gal/min
Determine the maximum shear stress in the beam and the minimum yield strength that should be considered to obtain a minimum factor of safety of 2 based on the distortion-energy theory. The maximum shear stress in the beam is 1875 Numeric ResponseEdit Unavailable. 1875 correct.psi. The minimum yield strength based on the distortion-energy theory is
Answer: hello some parts of your question is missing attached below is the missing part
max shear stress = 1875 psi
minimum yield strength = 14911.76 psi
Explanation:
Since The maximum shear stress in the Beam is already given as 1875 psi , I will calculate for the minimum yield strength
Determine minimum yield strength
attached below is the detailed solution
minimum yield strength = 14911.76 psi
(SI units) Molten metal is poured into the pouring cup of a sand mold at a steady rate of 400 cm3/s. The molten metal overflows the pouring cup and flows into the downsprue. The cross section of the sprue is round, with a diameter at the top = 3.4 cm. If the sprue is 20 cm long, determine the proper diameter at its base so as to main- tain the same volume flow rate.
Answer:
diameter of the sprue at the bottom is 1.603 cm
Explanation:
Given data;
Flow rate, Q = 400 cm³/s
cross section of sprue: Round
Diameter of sprue at the top [tex]d_{top}[/tex] = 3.4 cm
Height of sprue, h = 20 cm = 0.2 m
acceleration due to gravity g = 9.81 m/s²
Calculate the velocity at the sprue base
[tex]V_{base}[/tex] = √2gh
we substitute
[tex]V_{base}[/tex] = √(2 × 9.81 m/s² × 0.2 m )
[tex]V_{base}[/tex] = 1.98091 m/s
[tex]V_{base}[/tex] = 198.091 cm/s
diameter of the sprue at the bottom will be;
Q = AV = (π[tex]d_{bottom}^2[/tex]/4) × [tex]V_{base}[/tex]
[tex]d_{bottom}[/tex] = √(4Q/π[tex]V_{base}[/tex])
we substitute our values into the equation;
[tex]d_{bottom}[/tex] = √(4(400 cm³/s) / (π×198.091 cm/s))
[tex]d_{bottom}[/tex] = 1.603 cm
Therefore, diameter of the sprue at the bottom is 1.603 cm
Choose two other elements from the periodic table that you predict should react to form something like table salt
Please pleassssss helppp
I give branlistttttt
A three-story structure is to be constructed over an 8000-m2 site. The initial subsurface exploration indicates the presence of sinkholes and voids due to dissolution of the limestone formation. The predominant soil type is a silty fine sand grading to a fine sand with seams of sandy clay. The design indicates that shallow foundations can be used for this project provided the soils were made more homogeneous as far as load support and no voids were present within the depth up to 7.6 m below the ground surface. Assume groundwater is not a concern. Dynamic compaction is proposed to improve the ground. The local contractor doing dynamic compaction has a 15-ton tamper with the diameter of 2.0 m and the height of 1.4 m. You are requested to conduct the preliminary design for this dynamic compaction project including drop height, spacing, number of drops, number of passes, estimated crater depth, and settlement
Answer:
a) 24.07 m
b) 4 m
c) 14 number of drops
d) p = number of passes
e) Dcd = 2.27
0.69 m
Explanation:
Given data:
Depth ( D )= 7.6 m below ground surface
dynamic compaction ( w ) = 15-ton , diameter of tamper = 2.0 m , thickness = 1.4 m
Determine :
A) drop height ( H )
D = n √wH
therefore H = 361 / 15 = 24.07 m
where : D = 7.6 m , n = 0.4 , w = 15
B) Drop spacing
drop spacing = average of ( 1.5 to 2.5 ) * diameter of tamper
= 2 * 2.0m = 4 m
C) number of drops
since the applied energy for fine grained soils and day fills range from 250 - 350 kj/m^2 the number of drops can be calculated using the relation below
AE = [tex]\frac{NWHP}{SPACING ^2}[/tex]
w = 15, H = 24.07 , Np = ? , AE = 300 kj/m^2
∴ Np = 4800 / 361.05 = 13.3
the number of drops at one pass = 14
D) number of passes
p = number of passes
E) estimated crater depth and settlement
crater depth ( Dcd ) = 0.028 [tex]N_{d} ^{0.55} \sqrt{wtIt}[/tex]
Nd = 14 , wt = 15, It = 24.07
therefore : Dcd = 2.27
estimate settlement is within 3 to 5% therefore the improved settlement
= 2.27 * 0.04 * 7.6 = 0.69 m