You are graduating from nursing school in three months and have already lined up a new job. However, your employer informs you that before you start your job, it is mandatory for you to be vaccinated against hepatitis B, a double-stranded DNA virus that can cause the disease hepatitis. Your friend wonders why you need to get the vaccine. You aced your microbiology class and you know a lot about both viruses and vaccines, so you give your friend a mini lesson. You friend wonders whether the same type of virus can cause both an acute and a persistent infection?

a. No—a virus causes either an acute infection or a persistent infection, butnever both.
b. Yes—the initial infection might be acute but the virus can later become latent by becoming integrated into the host cell genome.
c. Yes—acute and persistent infections are really the same thing except that people with persistent infections recover more quickly than those with acute infections.
d. Yes—acute and persistent infections are really the same thing except that people with acute infections recover more quickly than those with persistent infections.
e. No—if the initial infection is acute, the virus would have to mutate in the host before being able to cause a persistent infection.

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

The correct answer is OPTION B (b. Yes—the initial infection might be acute but the virus can later become latent by becoming integrated into the host cell genome).

Explanation:

The hepatitis B virus has an unusual feature similar to retroviruses. This makes it deadly and difficult to treat when it is at an advanced stage. It basically attacks the liver and can cause both an acute and persistent infection.

In the acute stage, the cells are newly attacked and the body is fighting it off, the symptoms might start showing depending on how long it has invaded the body. These symptoms include dark urine, vomiting, yellowing of the skin and eyes (jaundice), the liver can still fail at this stage causing death.

At the persistent stage, which is already chronic, the invaded cells have been weakened, the symptoms are slow to resolve therefore it is in a prolonged stage which can lead to liver cancer and eventual death.

 


Related Questions

How does the washing of hands help prevent a societal problem

Answers

Answer:

It reduces the spread of disease.

Explanation:

np give me brainliest and thank me plz

So you want spread germs!!

Imagine that fully functioning kidneys have been successfully created through bioengineering. What data analysis would measure the effectiveness of bioengineered organs in improving access to organ transplants among diverse groups of people, and what evidence would be needed to demonstrate that bioengineered organs have improved access

Answers

Answer:

The correct data analysis and evidence is:

Analysis: Compare the percentage of different ethnic groups who receive kidney transplants before and after bioengineered kidneys are available.

Evidence: A greater percentage of African Americans, Asians, and Pacific Islanders, and Hispanic/Latinos receive transplants after bioengineered kidneys are available compared to before

Explanation:

Bioengineered organs may be used to repair organs that have been destroyed. If the bioengineered organs are identical to the initial ones, transplantation rejection may be reduced.

So, to assess the effectiveness of organ donation adoption in people of various ethnicities, we should compare the percentage of people of various ethnicities receiving organ transplants before and after bioengineered organs became viable, and look for signs of a higher percentage of people of various ethnicities receiving organ transplantation after bioengineered organs became available.

Please help.What would you expect to occur if you were to repeatedly lift 25 pounds over your head for 1 minute,
rest for 1 minute, and then repeat the exercise? Why do you expect this outcome?

Answers

Answer:

Strengthen the arms.

Explanation:

If a person repeatedly lift 25 pounds of weight over the head for 1 minute and then rest for 1 minute, the outcome of this exercise is to strengthen the muscles of the arms. The lifting of weight with the help of arms, the muscles of the arms will get stronger and increase occurs in the width of the arms. This exercise done by bodybuilders to get their arms stronger as well as athlete for stronger arms and hand muscles so the outcome of lifting the weight will leads to the increase in the strength of the arms.

Indicate whether the statements below are TRUE or FALSE.

1. You work with two sugars. Glucose (MW = 180 Da) and Sucrose (MW= 342 Da). You make various solutions of each sugar separately and compare them. When you compare two 1-liter solutions containing these sugars at a 10mM concentration, there are more molecules of sucrose in 1 liter because its MW is higher than that of glucose.

2. When you compare two solutions at the same percentage concentration (e.g. 1%), the molarity (= concentration in mole/liter) is higher for glucose because the molecular weight of glucose is lower.

3. When you have 1 liter of a solution containing 90g of glucose, you must use 171g of sucrose to make a 1-liter sucrose solution with the same molar concentration.

Answers

Answer:

Hello! Your answer would be, BELOW

Explanation:

1: TRUE

2: TRUE

3: FALSE

Hope I helped! Ask me anything if you have questions! Brainiest plz. Hope You make a 100%! Have a nice day! -Amelia♥

how many corals are dead in the Caribbean? ​

Answers

Answer:

over 50 percent of the world's coral reefs have died in the last 30 years and up to 90 percent may die within the next century—very few pristine coral reefs still exist. The impact of our changing climate on coral reefs was manifested by the third global bleaching event in 2015/16.

Explanation:

I would like a pretty fast answer, please.

Scientists once thought that life spontaneously arose from nonliving things. It took extensive experimentation and the invention of new technology to confirm the tenets that now make up the cell theory. Now, we don't even question that cells are the basic units of life and only come from preexisting cells. What technology had the biggest impact on the development of the cell theory?

A) centrifuge

B) electrophoresis

C) microscope

D) telescope

Answers

Answer:

Microscope.

Explanation:

Microscopes were extremely influential in the development of cell theory, as they allow us to see down to the level of cells and observe them. Through process of elimination, we know it cannot be a telescope (used for observing large, far away objects) or a centrifuge (separates substances based on density). Electrophoresis is moreso used for DNA, and not for the entire cells.

state two functions of muscles found in the alimentary canal of mammals​

Answers

-Act as valves for regulations of food movement/ to close or open various parts of the canal.
-Churning pushing food along peristals

Do skeletal muscles work alone?

Answers

Answer: No, skeletal muscles work in PAIRS.

Explanation: An example would be bending your elbow. Doing that will cause your biceps to contract and your triceps to relax.

Speciation that involves the formation of many different species from one
common ancestor is called
A. linear adaptation
B. adaptive radiation
C. gradual speciation
D. natural selection

Answers

Answer: adaptive radiation

Explanation:

What is an example of a problem that a chemical engineer solves.

Answers

Answer:

Well, it would be easier if I had choices, but here's what I found:

"Chemical engineers also develop solutions to environmental problems, such as pollution control and remediation. And yes, they process chemicals, which are used to make or improve just about everything you see around you.""Another source mentioned that they use chemistry to solve everyday problems. They also help make [them] as environmentally safe as possible, and eliminate as much waste as they can."

Hope this helps! :)

In which of the following scenarios does skin help to maintain body temperature?
O When jumping into cold water, one's skin releases body heat into the water.
O While walking during a hot summer day, sweat on the skin evaporates and cools the body.
O After accidentally touching a hot cookie sheet, a blister forms on one's finger where all the heat entered the body.
After a long run, an Olympic athlete stretches out her arms and legs.

Answers

while walking during a hot summer day. sweat on the skin evaporates and cools the body.

Answer:

B

Explanation:

While walking during a hot summer day, sweat on the skin evaporates and cools the body.

PLEASE HELP I HAVE AN EXAM !!!
For one meiotic division all four daughter sperm cells that are produced have the wrong number of chromosomes; two cells have one extra chromosome while the other two are each missing a chromosome. During which phase of meiosis did the problem most likely occur? What is this problem called?

Answers

Answer:

Nondisjunction occurs during anaphase I of meiosis I

Explanation:

Brainliest Please?

Return to the MyPlate food plan calculator, and make an eating plan for someone whose weight and age are different from yours. You can change the person’s age, gender, and activity level. How does this checklist differ from yours? Why do you think the person’s energy needs are different?

Answers

Answer:

Increase consumption of food to increase weight.

Explanation:

There is my friend who is very weak and thin about 52 kg weight and he is one year older than me. I wanted to increase his weight up to 70 kg so I will recommend him to eat more nutritive food having large amount of proteins because proteins made muscles in the body. I suggest him to eat more food and exercise regularly to have a muscular body. The checklist is different from my checklist due to different goals. I wanted to lower my weight and increases the weight of my friend. My friend's energy needs are different from mine due to different goals to achieve.

Answer:

Males generally need more calories than females. Because men have an overall larger body in both height and weight, they need to consume more calories. For a male who is 20 years old, 5 feet and 10 inches, weighs 198 pounds, and has moderate physical activity, he should consume about 2,800 calories per day. That is about 1,000 calories more than my average caloric intake. To consume that many calories, he should eat 2 ½ cups of fruit, 3 ½ cups of vegetables, 7 ounces of protein, 3 cups of dairy, and 10 ounces of grains per day.

Explanation:

What is the greatest source of carbon that enters the ocean
from the atmosphere?
a
carbon monoxide
w
b carbon dioxide
C
bicarbonate ions

Answers

Answer:

c.)carbon dioxide

Explanation:

Most carbon enters the ocean when carbon dioxide in the atmosphere dissolves in ocean water. When carbon dioxide dissolves in water (H2O), it forms an acid called carbonic acid (H2CO3). The reaction is given by the equation: CO2 + H2O ↔ H2CO3.

The number of different species living in a defined area is known as which of the following?

• bioconcentration
• habitat
• preserve
• biodiversity​

Answers

Answer:biodiversity

Answer:

Biodiversity

Explanation:

"Biodiversity is the biological variety and variability of life on Earth. Biodiversity is a measure of variation at the genetic, species, and ecosystem level. Terrestrial biodiversity is usually greater near the equator, which is the result of the warm climate and high primary productivity. "

- wiki

Why are phytoplankton essential to aquatic life zones?

Answers

Phytoplankton are essential to aquatic life zones because: they provide the basis of food chains. Log in for more information. Added 5/22/2016 9:52:12 AM This answer has been confirmed as correct and helpful.

=Answer:Phytoplankton are essential to aquatic life zones because: they provide the basis of food chains. Log in for more information. Added 5/22/2016 9:52:12 AM This answer has been confirmed as correct and helpful.

Explanation:

Answer parts A, B, C, D

Photo Attached

a). a microRNA (miRNA) is a small non-coding RNA involved in transcriptional and post transcriptional regulation of gene expression. Given the mRNA molecule below, suggest an example of a complementary 10 nucleotide miRNA. circle or highlight the sequence on the mRNA template to which your miRNA will bind, give the complementary 10 nucleotide sequence and clearly label the orientation of the miRNA molecule.
mRNA region: 5’-GUAGUACUGAUGGUCCAGUACGUGCUAGGUCGCUAGUAGUUCGAUGCAGUAUUAU-3’

b). what is the consequence of this miRNA binding to the mRNA above?

c). what happens when the miRNA is not completely complementary to the mRNA it is attached to?

d). what is one theory explaining the evolution of the RNAi pathway? what important research function has RNAi served since its discovery?

Answers

Answer:

b

Explanation:

which of those identifies the part of the DNA segment label x​

Answers

Answer:

I need a picture

Explanation:

Which is not a form of precipitation?

Please help ASAP

A Snow
B Fog
C Sleet
D Hail

Answers

Answer:

B: Fog

Explanation:

The four types of precipitation are snow, rain, sleet, and hail. Fog is technically a cloud.

NEED HELP PLZ!!! ASAP!! (someone else deleted my question)
Which of the following happens during a solar eclipse?

The moon appears red.
The moon casts a shadow on Earth.
Earth, the moon, and the sun form a triangle.
Earth comes between the sun and the moon.

Ok so I'm Confused, that last answer- Shouldn't that say the moon comes between the sun and the earth? This is what it says on my test instead..

Answers

Answer:

C

Explanation:

In a solar eclipse the moon crosses in front of the sun, casting a shadow on the Earth.

Explanation:

may be helpful

the moon casts a shadow on earth

Please help I will give brainliest. If you do not know the answer than please do not respond and waste my points.

Answers

1. A  2.G  3.D  4.I  5.B

According to the EPA, what are three benefits to geothermal heat pumps?

Answers

Answer:

Environmentally Friendly. Geothermal energy is more environmentally friendly than conventional fuel sources such as coal and other fossil fuels.Renewable.Reliable. ..

Explanation:

Is a plant that has the natural ability to protect itself against predation a genetically engineered organism

Answers

Answer:

No, genetically engineered organisms are engineered by humans. The plant evolved to be this way.

Explanation:

Answer:

If it's a natural ability for the plant, it's probably not genetically engineered. It depends on the plant species/fruit.

Explanation:

Predation: A biological interaction where one organism, the predator, kills and eats another organism, its prey.

Genetically Engineered Organism: An animal, plant, or microbe whose DNA has been altered using genetic engineering techniques.

In most cases with let's say a pepper plant, the plant will produce a chemical compound called capsaicin. This is what makes the peppers spicy. It really just depends on the plant we're talking about.

Which statement describes a source of air pollution and an effect of this pollutant?
Choose the correct answer.
Nuclear power plants release methane, which can damage DNA.
O Coal plants release carbon dioxide, which contributes to global warming.
Industrial bakeries release airborne metals, which can cause neurological damage.
O Wind turbines release particulate matter, which can cause respiratory problems in humans and
animals.

Answers

Answer:

Nuclear power plants release methane, which can damage DNA.

Explanation:

stationary sources – such as power plants, oil refineries, industrial facilities, and factories. area sources – such as agricultural areas, cities, and wood burning fireplaces.

Put
the following in order to show how seafloor spreading occurs. 1 New ocean floor is added to Earth's surface. 2 New crust slowly moves away from the ridge. 3 Magma oozes out of the rift valley. 4 Magma rises from the mantle. 5 Magma cools and forms new crust.?​

Answers

Answer:

yes

Explanation:

Which is not a fossil fuel
Group of answer choices

coal

nuclear

natural gas

Petroleum

Answers

Natural gas is not a fossil fuel

hope it is helpful to you

petroleum is not fossil fuel

coal, nuclear energy, and natural gas has been around for thousands of year which is why they call them fossil fuels. petroleum is made from crude oil all though some petroleum liquids can be made from natural gas and coal. so your answer is D.


A population is a collection of all the types of organisms in an area.
Please select the best answer from the choices provided
ОТ
OF

Answers

The answer of this question is False

Which statement correctly describes how the mitochondrial uncoupling agent valinomycin inhibits oxidative phosphorylation without collapsing the proton (H+) gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane?

a. Valinomycin carries Kt into the mitochondrial matrix, reducing the electrical component of the electrochemical gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane.
b. Valinomycin carries Ht into the mitochondrial matrix, decreasing the mitochondrial membrane potential without generating ATP.
c. Valinomycin is a complex I inhibitor that prevents NADH oxidation and the pumping of H+ into the intermembrane space.
d. Valinomycin is an ATP synthase inhibitor that prevents H+ from moving down its concentration gradient into the matrix.

Answers

Answer:

a. Valinomycin carries Kt into the mitochondrial matrix, reducing the electrical component of the electrochemical gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane.

Explanation:

Oxidative phosphorylation is a process by which cells generate ATP (the energy coin of the cells) by coupling an electrochemical potential gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane created by the electron transport chain to phosphorylation of ADP. Moreover, an ionophore is a molecule that reversibly binds ions. Ionophores are often involved in the movement of ions across the cell membrane. Valinomycin is an ionophore that mediates the transport of potassium (K+) ions down a concentration gradient, which is capable of disrupting the gradient across the membrane by modifying the K+ gradient. Valinomycin binds to K+ ions and enables them to pass more rapidly across the mitochondrial inner membrane, thereby neutralizing the excess of negative charge inside the mitochondrial matrix and thus slowing ATP synthesis.

Oran fills in the table below to organize information about the gas laws.
Gas law
Gay-Lussac's
Boyle's
Charles's
Constant
1
3
5
Changing
2
4
6
In which numbered cells should he place pressure?
O 2, 4, and 5
O 1, 4, and 6
O2, 3, and 5
O 1, 3, and 6

Answers

The correct option is D.) 1, 3, and 6 because pressure is the changing factor in Gay-Lussac's Law, the constant factor in Boyle's Law, and the changing factor in Charles's Law.

Gay-Lussac's Law states that the pressure of a given quantity of gas held at constant volume is directly proportional to the Kelvin temperature which means the pressure of a gas increases as the temperature increases, and decreases as the temperature decreases.

Boyles Law states that the pressure of a gas is inversely proportional to its volume that means as the volume of a gas increases, the pressure of the gas decreases, and vice versa.

Charles's law is a basic physical law that states that the volume of a given amount of gas at a constant pressure is directly proportional to its absolute temperature. This means that when the temperature of a gas increases, its volume also increases, and vice versa.

To learn more about pressure click here https://brainly.com/question/12497098

#SPJ1

6. Examine the specimen in the photograph below. a. Explain the origin of the two circular openings on this specimen. ____________________________________________________________ b. Tell what sort of organism most likely made these circular openings, and why they are located in this particular place on the specimen. ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ c. What might have caused the light-colored circular patches near the top edge and on the left side of this specimen

Answers

I'm not sure but I think it's b
Other Questions
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