You have learned that each one of your cells contains one copy of your unique genome. Given the fact that all the cells in one human contain the same DNA, how is it possible that our cell types are so different, resulting in four different tissue types?

Answer:

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Explanation:

Yes, the cells in one human contain the same DNA. However, during gene expression, not all the genes are expressed for every cell. Only a specific region of the DNA is expressed in cells and the cells in which the same DNA region is expressed end up performing similar roles in the body of organisms. The portion of the DNA that is expressed dictates the function which these cells will serve. This is called the differentiation of cells.

Cell specialization and tissue differentiation are due to the fact that although somatic cells have the same DNA, they express different genes and therefore generate different cells/tissues.

The human body contains approximately 200 cell types, which can be classified into four types of tissues: epithelial tissue, connective tissue, muscle tissue, and nervous tissue.

All these tissues and cell types are derived from three embryo layers, i.e., ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm.

The process of differential gene expression from these three embryo layers leads to the development of different types of cells/tissues in different regions of the developing embryo.

For example, the expression of the connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) gene has been associated with the generation of connective tissue during embryo development.

In conclusion, cell specialization and tissue differentiation are due to the fact that although somatic cells have the same DNA, they express different genes and therefore generate different cells/tissues.

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