History
02.07: EAST ASIAAssessmentYou just flew through a whirlwind of Japanese history, from its earliest written records in the 700s through the Tokugawa Shogunate taking over in the 1600sabout a thousand years of Japan! How will you remember all that? Well, that's your assignment! You need to make a mnemonic that will help you remember one significant piece of Japanese history for each of the five periods covered in the lesson.DirectionsReview the lesson and note what strikes you as the most significant or distinct aspects of Japanese history, at least one piece of information for each of the five periods.Now, make your personal mnemonic! A mnemonic is simply a tool to help you remember something. It can be a haiku poem or just a rhyming song, a drawing with key words, or a short fantastical storyanything you can think of making that will help you remember the important parts of Japan's major historical eras. Don't overthink it!Select here if you would like two example mnemonicsThese two different mnemonics are for the history in the same time period (500-1500) for Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East.Example 1 - Short poemWhile the Western Romans went feudal and then national for a thousand years, the Eastern Roman Byzantines held on until the Ottoman Turks realized their worst fears.Example 2 - AcrosticInnovative in Golden Age (750-1250)Shapes the Middle East and North Africa todayLost the First Crusade and dominated nearly all the othersArabian Peninsula where it beganMost followers in world except for ChristianityNow, for your teacher to be able to grade it, you will need to explain your mnemonic. This is more important if you do something really creative, but your teacher must be able to see in your work at least one piece of important historical information for each period and how your creation will help you remember it.Period Pronunciation Name MeaningHeian (794-1184) "Hey-on"Japanese word for "peace"Kamakura (1185-1333) "Comma-cur-uh"Capital moved to city of KamakuraAshikaga (1336-1573) "Aw-she-kaw-guh"Dynastic family name of shogunsAzuchi-Momoyama (1573-1603) "Ah-zoo-key-moe-moe-yaw-muh"The names of the primary fortified castles of the two major sides in the civil warTokugawa (1603-1868) "Toe-koo-gaw-ah"Dynastic family who controlled the shogunate
Copyright laws exist to protect authors and publishers rights, but also to balance that protection with access and innovation. In 1999, two teenagers created the file-sharing program Napster. Within its first year, the service surpassed 20 million users. Many Napster users shared music files with each other, but without any compensation to the artists and producers who made the music, sparking a series of legal battles over copyright and distribution. In 2001, an appellate panel upheld a previous ruling that Napster violated copyright laws, stating that, Repeated and exploitative unauthorized copies of copyrighted works were made to save the expense of purchasing authorized copies.Artists were divided on the benefits and harms of Napster. Over 70 artists formed Artists Against Piracy in coalition with major record companies to combat the piracy occurring on Napster and other peer-to-peer internet services. In contrast, some established artists such as Neil Young saw piracy as the new radio and applauded the potential to reach larger audiences and drive additional sales through increased popularity. Seeing both the benefits and detriments of piracy, singer Norah Jones stated, If people hear it Im happyits great that young people who dont have a lot of money can listen to music and be exposed to new things But I also understand its not ideal for the record industry, and a lot of young artists who wont make any [money] off their album sales, but at least they can tour.Although court rulings forced Napster to terminate its file-sharing business, Napsters innovations stimulated payment-based services, such as iTunes, Pandora, and many others. But the availability of such services has not put an end to the debate surrounding artist compensation with digital music, as seen with Taylor Swifts open letter to Apple in 2015. Swifts albums, along with the music of many other artists, were going to be streamed at no cost to new Apple Music customers over the first three months of service without any compensation to the artists. In her open letter, Swift stated, Im not sure you know that Apple Music will not be paying writers, producers, or artists for those three months. I find it to be shocking, disappointing, and completely unlike this historically progressive and generous company. Within a few hours, Apple responded by changing the terms of its agreement in order to compensate artists at a reduced rate.Discussion Questions1. Artists generally agree that piracy causes financial harm, but some artists recognize that piracy creates exposure for the artist and access for the listener. Do you think the benefits of piracy outweigh the harms done? Why or why not?2. Along with other file-sharing services, Napster helped to stimulate payment-based services such as iTunes, Pandora, and many others. Do you think this positive outcome justifies Napsters illegal activities? Why or why not?3. If Apple had not agreed to compensate artists in response to Swifts open letter, do you think it would be ethically questionable to subscribe to their service? Are you, as a consumer, more likely to subscribe as a result of Apples response? Why or why not?