Answer:
the income inequality between the salary of company CEOs and the average salary at the company is harmful and unnecessary.
Explanation:
Thomas Piketty is classified as an extremely social economist along with Joseph Stiglitz and Paul Krugman. Some confuse them as liberal economists, when they are actually against liberal or neoclassical economies. The three of them are famous for promoting economic fairness and equality. E.g. Piketty opposes extremely high CEO salaries while low level employees earn wages that are dangerously close to the minimum wage. He believes that this type of management practices are unsustainable and damage the economy in the long run.
Personally, I believe that the most important sector of the economy is the middle class and that the larger the middle class, the better.
A mortgage-loan officer persuades unsuspecting consumers to sign up for exotic mortgages, such as "option ARMs." These mortgages offer borrowers the choice to pay less than the required interest, which is then added to the principal while the interest rate can adjust upward. Because of this setup, many borrowers are unable to repay the mortgage once the interest rates go up. Which of the following phrases best describes this scenario? (CSLO 4)
A. legal but not ethical
B. legal and ethical
C. neither legal nor ethical
D. ethical but not legal
Answer: A. legal but not ethical
Explanation: Introducing mortgage plans to consumers in other to cater for their needs by a mortgage-loan officer is not a legal crime which will be penalized by the law. However, it is an ethical obligation on the path of the mortgage-loan officer to explain the modalities attached to a certain mortgage plan to consumers, both the advantages and the demerits. In the options ARM mortgage plan, it affords consumers to pay below the interest rate on the mortgage, this short paid interest are later added to the principal and the rates increases. This may cause a lot more harm than good to consumers who do not have detailed knowledge of this particular loan process.
Power Drive Corporation designs and produces a line of golf equipment and golf apparel. Power Drive has 100,000 shares of common stock outstanding as of the beginning of 2021. Power Drive has the following transactions affecting stockholders' equity in 2021.
March 1 Issues 55,000 additional shares of $1 par value common stock for $52 per share.
May 10 Purchases 5,000 shares of treasury stock for $55 per share.
June 1 Declares a cash dividend of $1.50 per share to all stockholders of record on June 15. (Hint: Dividends are not paid on treasury stock.)
July 1 Pays the cash dividend declared on June 1.
October 21 Resells 2,500 shares of treasury stock purchased on May 10 for $60 per share.
Required:
Record each of these transactions.
Answer and Explanation:
The journal entries are shown below:
On March 1
Cash Dr (55,000 × $52) $2,860,000
To Common stock (55,000 × $1 per share) $55,000
To Additional paid in capital - common stock $2,805,000
(Bein the issuance of the common shares are recorded)
On May 10
Treasury stock Dr (5,000 shares × $55) $275,000
To Cash $275,000
(being the purchase of treasury stock)
On June 1
Dividend Dr (150,000 shares × $1.50) $225,000
To Dividend payable $225,000
(Being the cash dividend is declared)
On July 1
Dividend payable Dr (150,000 shares × $1.50) $225,000
To cash $225,000
(being the dividend paid is recorded)
On October 21
Cash Dr (2,500 shares × $60) $150,000
To Treasury stock (2,500 shares × $55) $137,500
To Additional paid in capital - treasury stock $12,500
(Being the reissuance of the treasury stock is recorded)
According to NASAA's Statement of Policy on Unethical or Dishonest Business Practices of Broker-Dealers and Agents, all of the following practices are considered unethical for an agent EXCEPT A) selling 3,000 shares of ABC as directed by a client at a price that the agent determines, without oral or written discretionary authority B) selling 3,000 shares of ABC at a price the agent determines is the best the client can get, without oral or written discretionary authority C) determining the quantity of a specific security to purchase once the client has designated that security and the action to be taken D) receiving written discretionary authority from a client within 10 business days of first executing a discretionary trade with oral authority from the client
Answer: A. selling 3,000 shares of ABC as directed by a client at a price that the agent determines, without oral or written discretionary authority
Explanation:
According to NASAA's Statement of Policy on Unethical or Dishonest Business Practices of Broker-Dealers and Agents, all of the following practices that are given in the question are unethical for an agent except selling 3,000 shares of ABC as directed by a client at a price that the agent determines, without oral or written discretionary authority.
It should be noted that it is ethical for an agent to choose the price and the time of a trade so far the client has determined the amount, asset, and the action.
Refer to Scenario 16.2. The makers of Whizz considered a new promotional method for their product. A small box of Whizz was placed in the mailbox of college students as they came on campus in the fall. Along with the Whizz, the students received a coupon for $1.00 off their next purchase. They could receive another coupon for $3.00 off if they went online and emailed five friends at another college, telling them about Whizz. The friends could then go to a website and print a coupon for $2.00 off their next purchase. The sample boxes given to the college students are an example of ____, while the emails to the five friends are an example of ____.
Answer: Sales promotion ; viral marketing
Explanation: Sales promotions may be explained as technique used by businesses to appease and lure their target market into buying and using their product through the use of appealing incentives such as cost or slash sales, free coupons or discount on purchase and various promotions which are normally not attached to buying the product. Viral marketing in the other hand simply employs the use of internet technology such as mail and social media in the spread of a business campaign and information. It is termed viral marketing as information dissemination can be so rapid when done via this channel.
A broker represents a seller but is currently working with a buyer to find a home. Assuming that no statute has replaced the traditional common law of agency, which of these correctly identifies the parties in this relationship?
Answer:
A). The broker is the seller's agent; the buyer is the broker's customer.
Explanation:
The first statement most aptly identifies the two different parties in this given relationship. The broker is the seller's agent as he would represent him and assist him in listing his properties for sale as per the terms set by him. This would help the seller in receiving the best price for his property and also in ensuring all the legal requirements to be met in time. The buyer is the broker's customer as he assists him in providing a variety of housing options to choose from according to his needs and requirements. Thus, the broker is representing both the buyer and the seller distinctively. Hence, option A is the correct answer.
The exchange rate is: the price of one nation's currency in terms of the currency of another nation. the amount households will spend on imports. the amount of foreign capital a nation receives when there is a trade surplus. the amount charged by bankers for loanable funds
Answer: the price of one nation's currency in terms of the currency of another nation.
Explanation: The rate of exchange can simply be explained as the worth or value of a country's currency in terms of the currency of another country. It gives an aggregate amount of the value of currency held by a certain person or spent in a particular country in terms of the currency of choice in another country. The exchange rate of currencies is usually determined by the market forces of demand and supply even though some aren't. For example, the rate at which one can convert a certain amount of British pounds to it's equivalent amount in U.S dollar is the exchange rate of British pounds to U.S dollars.
Suppose that the demand for picture frames is highly inelastic, and the supply of picture frames is highly elastic. A tax of $1 per frame levied on picture frames will decrease the effective price received by sellers of picture frames by
Answer:
The decrease in the effective price received by sellers is between $0.51 and $1.
Explanation:
Given the demand for picture = Inelastic
The supply of picture frames = highly elastic
Levied tax on picutre frames = $1
It is given that the demand for the frames is highly inelastic therefore the response of the buyer will be less. That means the proportionate change in demand will be lower than the proportionate change in the price of a commodity. Thus, the answer will be between $0.50 and $1.
Rhonda, a junior accountant at a manufacturing company, was laid off from her job because she rejected multiple requests from the company's chief financial officer to engage in a physical relationship with him. In the context of employment legislation, this scenario best illustrates _____.
Answer: quid pro quo sexual harassment
Explanation:
The scenario represented in the question regarding Rhonda and her company's chief financial officer is referred to as quid pro quo sexual harassment.
Quid pro quo sexual harassment is a situation that occurs when benefits, pay, employment, position, training, title, position are based on the condition that the other individual involved agree to ones sexual advances. It should be noted that this is illegal.
Prior to being banned in 2002 by the McCain-Feingold Act, unlimited monetary contributions that were earmarked for party-building expenses at the grassroots level or for generic party advertising were known as....
A) matching funds
B) soft money
C) hard money
D) support funds
Answer:
B.
Explanation:
Soft money can be defined as a money raised by party or committees that's not been regulated by the federal campaign finance. Such campaign contributions are not made within the federal law and thus are illegal to raise. These monetary contributions are used for party building activities such as electoral registration programmes. The origin of soft money dates back to the Watergate reforms.
In the given case, the monetary contributions were used for party-building expenses or generic party advertising. Thus this monetary contribution is known as soft money.
So, the correct answer is option B.
. In one year, Hitech Microdevices will pay a common stock dividend of $4.35. You predict that you will be able to sell your Hitech stock for $57 per share after 1 year. If you require a rate of return of 16 percent on Hitech stock, how much would you be willing to pay now for a share of the stock?
Answer:
$52.89
Explanation:
To calculate the present value of a stock, we use the formula,
D + E
(1 + R)^Y
where, D = expected dividend, $4.35
E = expected stock price, $57
R = real rate of return, 16% or 0.16
Y = Number of years, 1
we have,
$4.35 + $57
(1 + 0,16) ^1 = $61.35 ÷ 1.16
= $52.887 ≈ $52.89.
The present value of the stock is $52.89.
Cheers.
At midyear, Barbara, the manager of a store, realizes that the new outlet mall with 300 stores down the street is taking much of the sales away from her store, so she will need to revise the sales goals of her sales associates. Barbara is in what stage of the MBO process
Answer: Stage four
Explanation:
MBO Stage four which is the performance evaluation stage. By reavluating the sales goals of her associates Barbra is in the performance evaluation stage of MBO better known as stage four. The performance evaluation review is usually carried out by the participating manager in this case which happens to be Barbra, it is used to check for performance related informations.
The ________, published by the Department of Labor, lists more than 20,000 job titles and descriptions and serves as a useful tool for getting a small business owner started when writing job descriptions.
Answer:
Dictionary of Occupational Titles
Explanation:
The answer is the Dictionary of Occupational Titles because this is a document created by the United States Department of Labor in which it establishes a big amount of different jobs in many areas and what they involve to help employers and the government to be able to define them in their organizations.
the difference between a secured loan and unsecured loan is that the secured loan is
Answer:
Explanation:
A secured loan is a type of loan on which the borrower uses some assets for collateral . That means it is secured on the assets in the case of any default in terms by the borrower.
An unsecured loan on the other hand is a type of loan that is not secured on any assets . The risks related to this type of loan is higher as there is no security to cover or minimize the loss in the situation of a default in terms.
Looking at the definition given above , the difference between a secured and unsecured loan is that assets are promised by the borrower as security over a secured loan , hence the cost can be lower while in the unsecured loan , no asset is promised as security and the cost can be higher
Answer:
has a lower interest rate
Explanation:
Action Travel has 10 employees each working 40 hours per week and earning $20 an hour. Federal income taxes are withheld at 15% and state income taxes at 6%. FICA taxes are 7.65% and unemployment taxes are 3.8% of the first $7,000 earned per employee. What is the actual direct deposit of payroll for the first week of January
Answer:
$5,708
Explanation:
Computation of the actual direct deposit of payroll for the first week of January
The First step is to find the total salary expenses
Total salary expenses= 10 employees × 40 hours × $20
Total salary expenses= $8,000
Second step is to calculate the actual direct deposit of payroll
Total salary expense $8,000
Federal income tax rate ($1,200)
($8,000*15%)
State income tax rate ($480)
($8,000*6%)
FICA tax rate ($612)
($8,000*7.65%)
Actual direct deposit $5,708
Therefore the actual direct deposit of payroll for the first week of January will be $5,708
Assuming that the physical output (i.e., the actual quantity of all final goods and services) of all final goods and services remains constant, if the general price level in the economy triples, so does nominal output.
a) true
b) false
Answer:
a) true
Explanation:
A rise in the general price level is called inflation and it affects the nominal value of the company's output. E.g. you sell pants and last year they sold at $10 and now since inflation rate is 10%, they sell at $11. But inflation only affects nominal values, it doesn't affect real values which are calculated using a base price of a certain year X, times the quantity sold. Following the example, your real output would not be $11 per pair of pants, instead it would still remain at $10 since the inflation is discounted.
During the market testing stage of the new-product process, a product may be tested multiple times with consumers to get their reactions with test marketing, one type of which is known as
Answer:
Simulated test markets.
Explanation:
During the market testing stage of the new-product process, a product may be tested multiple times with consumers to get their reactions with test marketing, one type of which is known as simulated test markets.
A simulated test market can be defined as a marketing research technique that involves the exposure of consumers to an unreal market in order to observe their reactions to a new product. It involves advertising in stages through a simulated market so as to determine a customer's purchase decision, forecast demand and market analysis for a new product.
Hence, a simulated test market is aimed at observing and analyzing potential customer's reaction to a new product before it's introduced to the market.
Xerox, the U.S. Postal Service, and McDonald's have enjoyed significant market power in the past. List and explain three major factors that have eroded this market power. Market power is eroded when A. better substitutes become available because the market has less competition. B. fewer substitutes are available because the market has less supply. C. no substitutes are available because consumers have no choices. D. better substitutes become available because consumers will not be willing to pay as much for a good. E. fewer substitutes are available because consumers are more sensitive to prices.
Answer:
Correct Answer:
E. fewer substitutes are available because consumers are more sensitive to prices.
Explanation:
Market power is the ability of a company to successfully influence the pricing of its products or services in the overall marketplace. This is common among most big corporations that produces consumer goods and offer services.
This market power can be influenced by some factors. On the other-hand, the market power could be eroded leading to inability of the companies to influence prices do to the following:
1. Number of companies in the market: The lower the companies producing same product in the market, the higher the chances of the companies to be able to influence market prices. Otherwise, the market power will be eroded due to high number of companies.
2. Elasticity of demand: The persistent demand of a product by people helps to determine the market power of those companies. When this is lacking, the market power is eroded.
3. Product differentiation: The ability of a company to provide a unique product that offers good services in a market helps it to achieve market power. Lack of these erodes the market power.
A plant manager had taken a few measures to try to reduce worker turnover. For four months he monitored the implementation of the measures. He now finds that the turnover rate is reduced by 10 percent. Which step of the rational decision-making model is illustrated in the scenario
Answer:
Evaluating the results.
Explanation:
A Rational decision-making model is demonstrated as the structured and logical decision-making process consisting of various steps beginning from definition and identification of goals to reaching an effective solution after evaluation of plenty of alternatives.
In this situation, 'evaluating the results' is the step of rational-decision making process that is illustrated in this scenario as it aims to assess the effect of the implementation of the best solution selected in the previous step after assessing the problem and evaluating a number of alternatives. This step aims to test whether the solution worked and to give feedback on how to alter future decisions for better results according to this assessment.
Buyline is an e-commerce Web site. It has come up with a promotional offer where buyers get a 60 percent discount on refrigerators if a minimum of 100 buyers agree to buy the product within 24 hours of the offer being announced. In this case, it is evident that BuyLine is a _____.
Answer:
Group buying platform
Explanation:
Group buying platform is also known as collective buying and is when the prices of goods and services are significantly reduced on the condition that a minimum number of buyers make purchase.
Usually there is a deal of the day displayed that is activated when the minimum number of buyers has been reached.
In this scenario Buyline has a promotional offer where buyers get a 60 percent discount on refrigerators if a minimum of 100 buyers agree to buy the product within 24 hours of the offer being announced.
This is a group buying platform
You own 1,000 shares of stock in Avondale Corporation. You will receive a dividend of $1.04 per share in one year. In two years, Avondale will pay a liquidating dividend of $37.50 per share. The required return on Avondale stock is 15.8 percent. What will your dividend income be this year if you use homemade dividends to create two equal annual dividend payments? a. $19,270 b. $16,712 c. $18,667 d. $17,935 e. $20,400
Answer:
Dividend = $17,935
Explanation:
We need to calculate the current share price
Current share price = ({Dividend year 1} ÷ {1 + required return}) + ({Dividend year 2} ÷ {1 + required return}^2)
Current share price= ({1.04} ÷ {1 + 0.158}) + ({37.5} ÷ {1 + 0.158}^2)
Current share price= 0.898 + 27.96
Current share price= $28.86
To calculate income for 2 years
Share price is $28.86
Return is 15.8%
Current share price = ({Dividend year 1} ÷ {1 + required return}) + ({Dividend year 2} ÷ {1 + required return}^2)
28.86 = ({Dividend year 1} ÷ {1 + 0.158}) + ({Dividend Year 2} ÷ {1 + 0.158}^2})
28.86 * 1.158 * 1.341 = (Dividend * 1.158) + (Dividend * 1.341)
44.82 = 2.499 * (dividend)
Dividend = $17.935
So for 1,000 shares
Dividend = 1,000 * 17.935 = $17,935
The likelihood of a risk event occurring during the implementation of a project goes up as the project progresses. The cost impact of these risk events also goes up as the project progresses.
a. True
b. False
Answer: True
Explanation:
Projects are carried out with the consideration that risk would definitely occur, and during the analysing phase of any project all risk that would evolve are carefully studied and proactive solutions are provided. When starting projects there is definitely a high risk due to the energy of how the work would go but careful implementation helps curb the situation.
A borrower expresses a reluctance to continue signing documents. The Notary Signing Agent may:A borrower expresses concern that once he signs all the documents he will be "stuck" with a second mortgage. A good response by a Notary Signing Agent could be to:
Answer:
Explanation:
In this scenario, a good response by a Notary Signing Agent could be to provide the Borrower with the Lender's contact information, and suggest that he call the Lender immediately before continuing with Signing. This will allow the borrower to clear up any doubts or misconceptions that he may be having which will in term persuade him to sign all the documentation.
A country has been in existence for only two years. In the first year, receipts were $1.0 million and outlays were $1.5 million. In the second year, receipts were $1.5 million and outlays were $2.0 million. At the end of the second year, the government had issued debt worth ______.
Answer: $1 million
Explanation:
From the question, we are informed that a country has been in existence for only two years and that in the first year, receipts were $1.0 million and outlays were $1.5 million. Since outlays us more than revenue, it shows that there's a debt of ($1.5m - $1.0m) = $0.5 million.
In the second year, receipts were $1.5 million and outlays were $2.0 million. This also shows that there is a debt of $0.5 million.
At the end of the second year, the government had issued debt worth:
= $0.5 million + $0.5 million
= $1 million
When property rights are well defined and markets are: competitive market equilibrium violates the conditions for economic efficiency.market equilibrium is consistent with economic efficiency.conditions necessary for economic efficiency no longer apply.quantity supplied will rarely equal the quantity demanded.
Complete Question:
When property rights are well defined and markets are competitive, the
Group of answer choices:
a. market equilibrium violates the conditions for economic efficiency.
b. market equilibrium is consistent with economic efficiency.
c. conditions necessary for economic efficiency no longer apply.
d. quantity supplied will rarely equal the quantity demanded.
Answer:
b. market equilibrium is consistent with economic efficiency.
Explanation:
A property right is the exclusive or sole authority which determines the legal ownership of resources and how these resources are to be used, whether by individuals or government.
Also, a competitive market is a type of market that comprises of numerous producers who compete with each other so as to satisfy or meet the material needs and wants of consumers at a specific period of time.
Hence, when property rights are well defined and markets are competitive, the market equilibrium is consistent with economic efficiency.
This ultimately implies that, when the ownership of resources are well defined and markets are competitive, all benefits from trade between the consumers and producers of goods and services has been maximized, and each units creating more benefit to the consumers than cost have been produced in the economy.
Which of the following statements is true about the constant growth model?
A- the constant growth model can be used if a stock's expected constant growth rate is more than its required return
B- The constant growth model can be used if a stock's expected constant growth rateis less than its required return
Answer: The constant growth model can be used if a stock's expected constant growth rate is less than its required return.
Explanation:
The Constant Growth Model is a stock valuation method.
It assumes that a company's dividends are increasing at a constant growth rate indefinitely.
Formula: Current price = (Next dividend the company is to pay) ÷ (required rate of return for the company - expected growth rate in the dividend.
When expected constant < required return, then the constant growth model can be used.
Hence, the statement is true about the constant growth model :
The constant growth model can be used if a stock's expected constant growth rate is less than its required return.
If a stock's predicted constant growth rate is smaller than its needed return, the constant growth model can be utilized.
So, option B is correct.
Define constant growth model.The constant growth model is used to calculate a stock's inherent value depending on a succession of dividends that increase at a constant pace in the future.
Dividends per share, the growth rate of dividends per share, as well as the rate of return are the three inputs inside the constant growth model.
If a stock's predicted constant growth rate is smaller than its needed return, the constant growth model can be utilized.
So, option B is correct.
Find out more information about growth model here:
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Humble leaders display all of the following key qualities valued by employees except Multiple Choice appreciation of others. low self-awareness. openness to feedback. appreciation of the greater good. low self-focus.
The correct answer is B) low self-awareness.
Humble leaders display all of the following key qualities valued by employees except low self-awareness.
What employees value is high self-awareness, the appreciation of others, openness to feedback, appreciation of the greater good, and low self-focus.
A true leader is an individual who not only leads but teaches others how to lead to. For this to happen, trust is a key value so the employees can feel that indeed there is a true team atmosphere in the organization. Employees must feel appreciated, valued, and motivated through a common goal. That is why it is so important that the leader sets the example all the time.
Low self-awareness should not show the key qualities valued by employees.
The following information should be considered for key qualities:
Appreciation of others.Openness to feedback. Appreciation of the greater good. Low self-focus.Also, low self-awareness represents the value of an employee that should be harmful for everyone.
Therefore we can conclude that Low self-awareness should not show the key qualities valued by employees.
Learn more: brainly.com/question/15569649
PLEASE HELP Create a graph to show the effect (shortage or surplus) of raising the minimum wage. Discuss why these issues do or do not affect your claim(My claim is that we should raise minimum wage). Include the appropriate labels for your graph such as: price quantity supply demand surplus or shortage
Answer:
Raising the minimum wage has the effect of producing an excess supply of workers, because the wage is set at a price where supply of workers is higher than the demand of firms for hiring them, and since the wage is not allowed to go any lower, this excess supply remains unsolved.
This situation affects low-skilled workers in particular, and those who are not as productive to be paid the minimum wage, are essentially left out of the labor market.
Demand and supply are the two important factors of the market that determines the economic activities as well as the production and distribution series of the firms.
Demand has an inverse relationship with price and price has a positive relationship with supply. When the price of the quantity goes high, the demand for the quantity decreases, and the supply increases with the increase in price.
In the case of the laborers and the wage. The availability of the labor or the demand of the labor is more and the supply is less, the wages will be high and on the other hand, when the labor will be less demanded and the supply is more, the wages will be less. This is also the minimum higher wage policy of the firms.
The graph has been attached below to analyze the surplus supply.
To know more about the shortage or surplus, refer to the link below:
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Austin was often late to work, despite his manager, Ben, warning him against it several times. As a last resort, Ben reduced Austin's salary in proportion to the hours he missed at work by being late. It turned out to be the right thing to do as Austin was never late to work after the incident. Which of the following best explains this scenario?
a. positive reinforcement
b. negative reinforcement
c. instrumentality
d. valence
Answer:
b. negative reinforcement
Explanation:
Negative reinforcement refers to the response that helps in eradicating or removing certain behaviors in the individual. Some discomforting or disturbing action is taken that helps in the enhancement of a behavior.
In the given excerpt, Austin's behavior of coming late to the office is removed when his manager, Ben applied negative reinforcement. When Austin's salary was deducted because of being late at the office, helped him of improving his nature.
Suppose the board of Nathan Corporation decided to do the share repurchase in problem 1-part b, but you, as an investor, would have preferred to receive a dividend payment. How can you leave yourself in the same position as if the board has elected to make the dividend payment instead
Answer:
If we sell 0.5 / 15 of one share we will receive $0.50 and the remaining shares will worth $14.50. This will be the same position as if the firm had paid a dividend.
Explanation:
Nathan Corporation is deciding to whether to repurchase shares. It is a decision made by company and its management to boost value of its stock. If the board makes a decision to make dividend payment then we will receive $0.50 per share. The share price total will be $14.50 which is same whether we receive dividend or not.
Suppose you are looking at the 2006 results of how the Echo generation classified specified items as either luxuries or necessities. Do you expect the results to reflect how the Echo generation would classify items in 2020? Explain. No, many luxury brands will no longer exist in 2020, and will thus be unavailable for purchase. Newer luxury brands will dominate the lists. Yes, people's ideas of luxuries or necessities rarely change. No, the generation will have aged by 14 years and their perception of items as necessities or luxuries might well have changed by then. Yes, though the generation will have aged by 14 years, their perception of items as necessities or luxuries will not have changed by then. Yes, the costs of luxuries or necessities doesn't change that much with time, so they would still be considered luxuries or necessities in 2020.
Answer:
No, the generation will have aged by 14 years and their perception of items as necessities or luxuries might well have changed by then.
Explanation:
In this the individual perception important. That means if the person considered the necessity so it would not be the necessity after the age of 14 years and if the person considered the luxury so the necessity would be considered for the same person after the age of 14 years
So the necessity and the luxury would be changed as per the perception
Therefore the answer is no.