.
How does an employer judge a candidate?
The employer judge's the candidate's blank
for a job

Answer:

A total of 6,000 bps of bandwidth is used by the distributed routing algorithm

Explanation:

This is a bandwidth requirement question.

We proceed as follows;

To calculate the total number of bits for a routing table, we use the following formula;

Routing table=Number of routers * length of cost

we are given the following parameters from the question;

Number of routers = 500

length of cost = 4 bits

Routing table = 500*4

=2000

Hence, a routing table is 2000 bits in length.

Now we proceed to calculate the bandwidth required on each line using the formula below;

Bandwidth = no.of seconds * no.of bits in routing table

Bandwidth required on each line = 3*2000

=6000

Answer:

Because your movements, expressions, and posture are also a type of communication

Explanation:

Answer:

I am writing a C++ program:

#include <iostream>  //to use input output functions

#include<iomanip>  // to format the output

using namespace std;   // to identify objects like cin cout

void calculateCharge(double weight, double distance);   // function prototype

int main(){  //start of main() function body

  double w = 0.0, t = 0.0;  // w variable is for weight and t is for total

   unsigned int d = 0;   // d variable is to hold the value of distance

   calculateCharge(w, d); }  //calls calculateCharge method by passing weight and distance values to this method

void calculateCharge(double weight, double distance){  //method that takes weight and distance as parameters and compute the shipping charge

   double charge = 0.0;  //to store the value of shipping charges

   do {  // do while loop to handle multiple packages until a weight of 0 is entered

       cout << "Enter weight: " << endl;  //prompts user to enter weight

       cin >> weight;  //reads the input weight value

       if (weight == 0){  // if the value of weight is equal to 0

           break; }  // the loop breaks if value of weight is 0

       cout << "Enter distance: " << endl;  // if value of weight is not zero then the program precedes by prompting user to enter the value of distance

       cin >> distance;  //reads the input distance value

       cout << fixed << setprecision(2) << endl;  //set the precision to 2 means the sets the number of digits of an output to 2 decimal places

       if(weight <= 2)  //if the value of weight is less than or equals to 2

charge = (distance/500) * 3.10;  //compute the charge by this formula

else if(weight > 2 && weight <= 6)  //if weight is over 2 kg but not more than 6 kg

charge = (distance/500) * 4.20;  //charge is computed by multiplying value of distance to that of weight and if distance is greater than 500 then it is divided by 500 first

else if(weight > 6 && weight <= 10)  // if weight is over 6 kg but not more than 10 kg

charge = (distance/500) * 5.30;  //compute shipping charges by this formula

else  //if weight is over 10 kg

charge = (distance/500) * 6.40;   // compute shipping charge by multiplying value of distance to that of 6.40 weight value and if distance is greater than 500 then distance is divided by 500 first

cout << "Shipping charges: $" << charge << "\n";   //display the computed shipping charge

   } while (weight != 0);  //the loop continues to execute until weight 0 is entered

}              

Explanation:

The program is explained in the comments mentioned above. The program has a main() function that declares variable for weight, distance and total and then calls calculateCharge() method passing weight and dsitance in order to compute and return the shipping charge.

In calculateCharge() the user is prompted to enter the values for weight and distance. Then the based on the value of weight , the shipping charge is computed. Shipping charge is computed by multiplying the weight with distance. The distance is assumed to be 500 but if the distance entered by user exceeds 500 then the distance value is divided by 500 and then multiplied by the specified weight (according to if or else if conditions) in order to compute shipping charge. The program has a do while loop that keeps taking input from user until the user enters 0 as the value of weight.

The screenshot of the program and its output is attached.

Answer:

(a) values[0].length

Explanation:

In programming languages such as Java, an array is a collection of data of the same type. For example, a and b below are an example of an array.

a = {5, 6, 7, 9}

b = {{2,3,4}, {3,5,4}, {6,8,5}, {1,4,6}}

But while a is a one-dimensional array, b is a regular two-dimensional array. A two-dimensional array is typically an array of one-dimensional arrays.

Now, a few thing to note about a two-dimensional array:

(i) The number of rows in a 2-dimensional array is given by;

arrayname.length

For example, to get the number of rows in array b above, we simply write;

b.length which will give 4

(ii) The number of columns in a 2-dimensional array is given by;

arrayname[0].length

This is with an assumption that all rows have same number of columns.

To get the number of columns in array b above, we simply write;

b[0].length which will give 3

Therefore, for a regular two-dimensional array named values, the number of columns is represented by: values[0].length

Answer:

The drivers wont be loaded and the deamons will not be running in the background unnecessarily, that makes the processes to run more faster

Explanation:

The chief advantage of deferred configuration or the advantage when some network applications defer configuration until a service is needed is that the drivers won't be loaded and the deamons will not be running in the background unnecessarily or when idle, that makes the processes to run more faster.

Network configuration is the activity which involves setting up a network's controls, flow and operation to assist the network communication of an organization or network owner.

Answer:

Spear Phishing and War Dialing

Explanation:

So let's tackle these one at a time.

Vishing is simply any type of message (i.e., email, text, phone call, etc.) that appears to be from a trusted source but is not.

Whaling is simply a spear phishing attack of a high-value target such as a CEO or someone with high-level access at a company.

Spear phishing is simply a targeted phishing attack, usually towards a specific person or group of people.  (Phishing attack is simply a social attack to try and gain unauthorized access to a resource).

Pharming is an attack that attempts to redirect website traffic to a fake site.

War dialing is a technique to automatically scan a list of numbers in an area in attempt to search for exposed modems, computers, board systems, or fax machines, in order to breach the network.

Hoaxing is simply a social attack that describes a serious threat in attempts to retrieve unauthorized access or money from a victim.  (Think microsoft tech support scams)

Now that we have defined these things, let's identify the possible threats that need to be reported.

(a) Vishing?  The sec admin report doesn't mention the source of the message so we cannot associate this one

(b) Whaling? The sec admin report says a user, implying someone not high up in the company, but doesn't say it's not someone high up.  This is possible.

(c) Spear phishing?  The sec admin report says a user, implying that only this user is being targeted so this is definitely valid.

(d) Pharming?  The sec admin report says nothing about site redirection.

(e) War dialing? The sec admin report doesn't say anything about unauthorized scanning; however, it mentions the user has an old functioning modem, so this is possible.

(f) Hoaxing?  The sec admin report doesn't mention a pop up in the email or the content of the email so we are uncertain.

Thus with these considerations, the two threats that are identified and need mitigation are Spear phishing and War Dialing/Whaling.  Note that we aren't positive of the war dialing or whaling, but a case could be made for either; however, given the modem information, the question seems to indicate war dialing.

Answer:

Option D, all of the above, is the right answer.

Explanation:

A Boolean expression is an expression in Computer Science. It is employed in programming languages that create a Boolean value when it is evaluated. There may be a true or false Boolean value. These expressions correspond to propositional formularies in logic. In Boolean expression, the  expression 3 > 5 is evaluated as false while  5 > 3 is evaluated as true

Boolean expressions control  all of the above method execution and as such option d is correct.

A Boolean expression is known to be a kind of logical statement that is said to be one of the two options that is it can be TRUE or FALSE .

Conclusively, Note that Boolean expressions are used to compare two or more data of any type only if  both parts of the expression have equal basic data type.  Boolean expressions control recursion, conditional execution and alternative execution.

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Answer:

exploration

Explanation:

According to Marcia's theory of identity, the status suggests that the dimension Lily is most concerned with is the exploration dimension.

James E. Marcia who came up with the Marcia's theory of identity is a clinical and developmental psychologist. He also once taught at Simon Fraser University which is located in British Columbia, Canada and also in the State University of New York at Buffalo in Upstate, New York City.

James E. Marcia is also very much involved in clinical private practice, community consultation, clinical psychology supervision, and also in international clinical-developmental research and teaching.

Answer:

x1 = 39

x2 = 400

x3 = 92

x4 = 62

x5 = 0

Explanation:

This statement calls the f() function passing 2 to the function. The f(x) function takes a number x as parameter and returns the following:

g(x) + math.sqrt(h(x))

This again calls function g() and h()  

The above statement calls g() passing x i.e. 2 to the function g(x) and calls function h() passing x i.e. 2 to h() and the result is computed by adding the value returned by g() to the square root of the value returned by the h() method.

The g(x) function takes a number x as parameter and returns the following:

return 4*h(x)

The above statement calls function h() by passing value 2 to h() and the result is computed by multiplying 4 with the value returned by h().

The h(x) function takes a number x as parameter and returns the following:

return x*x + k(x)-1

The above statement calls function k() by passing value 2 to k() and the result is computed by subtracting 1 from the value returned by k() and adding the result of x*x (2*2) to this.

The k(x) function takes a number x as parameter and returns the following:

return 2 * (x + 1)

As the value of x=2 So

2*(2+1) = 2*(3) = 6

So the value returned by k(x) is 6

Now lets go back to the function h(x)

return x*x + k(x)-1

x = 2

k(x) = 6

So

x*x + k(x)-1 = 2*2 + (6-1) = 4 + 5 = 9

Now lets go back to the function g(x)

return 4*h(x)

As x = 2

h(x) = 9

So

4*h(x)  = 4*9 = 36

Now lets go back to function f(x)

return g(x) + math.sqrt(h(x))

As x=2

g(x) = 36

h(x) = 9

g(x) + math.sqrt(h(x))  = 36 + math.sqrt(9)

                                  = 36 + 3 = 39

Hence

The above statement means that first the function g() calls function h() and function h() is passed a value i.e 2.

As x=2

The function k() returns:

2 * (x + 1)   = 2 * (2 + 1) = 6

The function h() returns:

x*x + k(x)-1 = 2*2 + (6-1) = 4 + 5 = 9

Now The function g() returns:

4 * h(x)  = 4 * h(9)

This method again calls h() and function h() calls k(). The function k() returns:

2 * (x + 1)   = 2 * (9 + 1) = 20

Now The function h() returns:

x*x + k(x)-1 = 9*9 + (20-1) = 81 + 19 = 100

h(9) = 100

Now The function g() returns:

4 * h(x)  = 4 * h(9) = 4 * 100 = 400

Hence

g() returns:

return 4 h(x)

h() returns:

return x*x + k(x)-1

k(2) returns:

return 2 (x + 1)

          = 2 ( 3 ) = 6

Now going back to h(2)

x * x + k(x)-1  = 2*2 + 6 - 1 = 9

Now going back to g(2)

4 h(x)  = 4 * 9 = 36

So k(g(2) + h(2)) becomes:

   k(9 + 36 )

    k(45)

Now going to k():

return 2 (x + 1)

2 (x + 1)   = 2(45 + 1)

             = 2(46)

             = 92

So k(g(2) + h(2)) = 92

Hence

Compute f(0)

f() returns:

return g(0) + math.sqrt(h(0))

f() calls g() and h()

g() returns:

return 4 * h(0)

g() calls h()

h() returns

return 0*0 + k(0)-1

h() calls k()

k() returns:

return 2 * (0 + 1)

2 * (0 + 1)  = 2

Going back to caller function h()

Compute h(0)

0*0 + k(0)-1  = 2 - 1 = 1

Going back to caller function g()

Compute g(0)

4 * h(0)  = 4 * 1 = 4

Going back to caller function f()

compute f(0)

g(0) + math.sqrt(h(0))  = 4 + 1 = 5

f(0) = 5

Compute f(1)

f() returns:

return g(1) + math.sqrt(h(1))

f() calls g() and h()

g() returns:

return 4 * h(1)

g() calls h()

h() returns

return 1*1 + k(1)-1

h() calls k()

k() returns:

return 2 * (1 + 1)

2 * (1 + 1)  = 4

Going back to caller function h()

Compute h(0)

1*1 + k(1)-1  = 1 + 4 - 1 = 4

Going back to caller function g()

Compute g(1)

4 * h(1)  = 4 * 4 = 16

Going back to caller function f()

compute f(1)

g(1) + math.sqrt(h(1))  = 16 + 2 = 18

f(1) = 18

Compute f(2)

f() returns:

return g(2) + math.sqrt(h(2))

f() calls g() and h()

g() returns:

return 4 * h(2)

g() calls h()

h() returns

return 1*1 + k(2)-1

h() calls k()

k() returns:

return 2 * (2+1)

2 * (3)  = 6

Going back to caller function h()

Compute h(2)

2*2 + k(2)-1  = 4 + 6 - 1 = 9

Going back to caller function g()

Compute g(2)

4 * h(2)  = 4 * 9 = 36

Going back to caller function f()

compute f(2)

g(2) + math.sqrt(h(2))  = 36 +3 = 39

f(1) = 13.7

Now

x4 = f(0) + f(l) + f(2)

    = 5 + 18 + 39

    = 62

Hence  

Compute f(-1)

f() returns:

return g(-1) + math.sqrt(h(-1))

f() calls g() and h()

g() returns:

return 4 * h(-1)

g() calls h()

h() returns

return 1*1 + k(-1)-1

h() calls k()

k() returns:

return 2 * (-1+1)

2 * (0)  = 0

Going back to caller function h()

Compute h(-1)

-1*-1 + k(-1)-1  = 1 + 0 - 1 = 0

Going back to caller function g()

Compute g(-1)

4 * h(-1)  = 4 * 0 = 0

Going back to caller function f()

compute f(-1)

g(-1) + math.sqrt(h(-1))  = 0

f(-1) = 0

Compute g(-1)

g() returns:

return 4 * h(-1)

g() calls h()

h() returns

return 1*1 + k(-1)-1

h() calls k()

k() returns:

return 2 * (-1+1)

2 * (0)  = 0

Going back to caller function h()

Compute h(-1)

-1*-1 + k(-1)-1  = 1 + 0 - 1 = 0

Going back to caller function g()

Compute g(-1)

4 * h(-1)  = 4 * 0 = 0

g(-1) = 0

Compute h(-1)

h() returns

return 1*1 + k(-1)-1

h() calls k()

k() returns:

return 2 * (-1+1)

2 * (0)  = 0

Going back to caller function h()

Compute h(-1)

-1*-1 + k(-1)-1  = 1 + 0 - 1 = 0

h(-1) = 0

Compute k(-1)

k() returns:

return 2 (x + 1)

k(-1) = 2 ( -1 + 1 ) = 2 ( 0 ) = 0

k(-1) = 0

x5 = f(-1) + g(-1) + h(-1) + k(-1)

    = 0  + 0 + 0 + 0

    = 0

Hence

Answer:

Using java

//assuming that hashmap object name is ChangeMap

ChangeMap. replace("short", "long");

System.out.println("New HashMap: "

+ ChangeMap.toString());

Explanation:

From the above we have used the replace method to replace the value of the "short" key in the hashtable with "long" instead of the previous value "tall". We have used the printed the hashtable to the console using println and the ".toString()" method that we added to the function's parameter.

Answer:

See comments for line by line explanation (Lines that begins with // are comments)

The function written in C, is as follows:

//The function starts here

int check(x,y,n)

{

//This if condition checks if x and y are within range of 0 to n - 1

if((x>=0 && x<=n-1) && (y>=0 && y<=n-1))

{

//If the if conditional statement is true, the function returns 1

 return 1;

}

else

{

//If the if conditional statement is false, the function returns 0

 return 0;

}

//The if condition ends here

}

//The function ends here

Explanation:

Answer:The new directory method creates a new directory within the current working directory.

Explanation:The new directory function and returns the list of the files within that directory.The new directory function allow to with the built in function MK dir().

To the new directory function create a current working directory.

import OS

OS.MKdir()

The code creates the directory projects in the current working directory to specify the full path.

Answer:

when there is no junk

Explanation:

If you choose the checkbox next to “Delete the driver software from this device,” your computer will no longer contain the driver or any associated registry keys. Either method will prevent you from using the device until you reinstall the device driver.

To connect and communicate with particular devices, a computer needs device drivers.

It may be taken out without any trouble. However, it also comes with the installers for your PC's drivers. You will need to go to the manufacturer's website to download them again if you accidentally delete them.

Therefore, No, unless your new driver is broken and corrupts data. Install the driver if it comes from a reliable source. It is not intended to. Having a backup system that keeps your data safe in case of issues is a good idea.

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Answer:

Mon Feb 26 2017

Explanation:

Since the current date is considered as Monday, February 26, 2017, thisDay will be set to that value.

The toDateString() method returns the first three letters of the name of the day (The first letter is capitalized), the first three letters of the name of the month (The first letter is capitalized), the day of the month as an integer, and the year as an integer (There are spaces between all)

Answer:

Here is the python method:

def is_power(n1, n2): # function that takes two positive integers n1 and n2 as arguments

   if(not n1>0 and not n2>0): #if n1 and n2 are not positive integers

       print("The number is not a positive integer so:") # print this message if n1 and n2 are negative

       return None # returns none when value of n1 and n2 is negative.

   elif n1 == n2: #first base case: if both the numbers are equal

       return True #returns True if n1=n2

   elif n2==1: #second base case: if the value of n2 is equal to 1

       return False #returns False if n2==1

   else: #recursive step

       return is_divisible(n1, n2) and is_power(n1/n2, n2) #call divisible method and is_power method recursively to determine if the number is the power of another

Explanation:

Here is the complete program.

def is_divisible(a, b):

   if a % b == 0:

       return True

   else:

       return False

def is_power(n1, n2):

   if(not n1>0 and not n2>0):

       print("The number is not a positive integer so:")  

       return None  

   elif n1 == n2:

       return True

   elif n2==1:

       return False

   else:

       return is_divisible(n1, n2) and is_power(n1/n2, n2)  

print("is_power(10, 2) returns: ", is_power(10, 2))

print("is_power(27, 3) returns: ", is_power(27, 3))

print("is_power(1, 1) returns: ", is_power(1, 1))

print("is_power(10, 1) returns: ", is_power(10, 1))

print("is_power(3, 3) returns: ", is_power(3, 3))

print("is_power(-10, -1) returns: ", is_power(-10, -1))  

The first method is is_divisible method that takes two numbers a and b as arguments. It checks whether a number a is completely divisible by number b. The % modulo operator is used to find the remainder of the division. If the remainder of the division is 0 it means that the number a is completely divisible by b otherwise it is not completely divisible. The method returns True if the result of a%b is 0 otherwise returns False.

The second method is is_power() that takes two numbers n1 and n2 as arguments. The if(not n1>0 and not n2>0) if statement checks if these numbers i.e. n1 and n2 are positive or not. If these numbers are not positive then the program prints the message: The number is not a positive integer so. After displaying this message the program returns None instead of True of False because of negative values of n1 and n2.

If the values of n1 and n2 are positive integers then the program checks its first base case: n1 == n2. Suppose the value of n1 = 1 and n2 =1 Then n1 is a  power of n2 if both of them are equal. So this returns True if both n1 and n2 are equal.

Now the program checks its second base case n2 == 1. Lets say n1 is 10 and n2 is 1 Then the function returns False because there is no positive integer that is the power of 1 except 1 itself.

Now the recursive case return is_divisible(n1, n2) and is_power(n1/n2, n2)  calls is_divisible() method and is_power method is called recursively in this statement. For example if n1 is 27 and n2 is 3 then this statement:

is_divisible(n1, n2) returns True because 27 is completely divisible by 3 i.e. 27 % 3 = 0

is_power(n1/n2,n2) is called. This method will be called recursively until the base condition is reached. You can see it has two arguments n1/n2 and n2. n1/n2 = 27/3 = 9 So this becomes is_power(9,3)

The base cases are checked. Now this else statement is again executed  return is_divisible(n1, n2) and is_power(n1/n2, n2) as none of the above base cases is evaluated to true. when is_divisible() returns True as 9 is completely divisible by 3 i.e. 9%3 =0 and is_power returns (9/3,3) which is (3,3). So this becomes is_power(3,3)

Now as value of n1 becomes 3 and value of n2 becomes 3. So the first base case elif n1 == n2: condition now evaluates to true as 3=3. So it returns True. Hence the result of this statement print("is_power(10, 2) returns: ", is_power(10, 2))  is:                                                                                                

is_power(27, 3) returns:  True

Following are the program to the given question:

Program Explanation:

Program:

def is_divisible(a, b):#defining a method is_divisible that takes two parameters

   return a % b == 0#using return keyword that modulas parameter value and checks its value equal to 0

def is_power(a, b):#defining a method is_power that takes two parameters  

   if a == 1:#defining if block that checks a value equal to 1  or check odd number condition

       return True#return value True

   if b ==  1:#defining if block that checks b value equal to 1  or check odd number condition

       return False#return value False

   if not is_divisible(a, b):#defining if block that check method is_divisible value

       return False##return value False

   return is_power(a/b, b)#using return keyword calls and return is_power method                          

print("is_power(10, 2) returns: ", is_power(10, 2))#using print method that calls is_power which accepts two parameter

print("is_power(27, 3) returns: ", is_power(27, 3))#using print method that calls is_power which accepts two parameter

print("is_power(1, 1) returns: ", is_power(1, 1))#using print method that calls is_power which accepts two parameter

print("is_power(10, 1) returns: ", is_power(10, 1))#using print method that calls is_power which accepts two parameter

print("is_power(3, 3) returns: ", is_power(3, 3))#using print method that calls is_power which accepts two parameter

Output:

Please find the attached file.

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Answer: CSIRT

Explanation: CSIRT is team that specializes in day to day cyber incidents  

The CSIRT is responsible for creating and testing the incident response plan.

CSIRT is the Computer emergency response team. One of the key areas for the efficient operation of a corporation is the legal department. Professionals face enormous challenges, particularly when you take into account the need for other bodies within the company itself.

We can list the reviews of the CSIRT procedures that are conducted through this department as one of its key responsibilities. This department also has the responsibility of comprehending the actions that the CSIRT will take to ensure that they comply with all applicable federal, state, and local laws and regulations.

Therefore, the incident response strategy must be written and tested by the CSIRT.

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Answer:

alphabet = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"

test_dups = ["zzz","dog","bookkeeper","subdermatoglyphic","subdermatoglyphics"]

test_miss = ["zzz","subdermatoglyphic","the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog"]

# From Section 11.2 of: # Downey, A. (2015). Think Python: How to think like a computer scientist. Needham, Massachusetts: Green Tree Press.

def histogram(s):

   d = dict()

   for c in s:

       if c not in d:

           d[c] = 1

       else:

           d[c] += 1

   return d

#Part 1 Write a function called has_duplicates that takes a string parameter and returns True if the string has any repeated characters. Otherwise, it should return False.

def has_duplicates(stringP):

   dic = histogram(stringP)

   for key,value in dic.items():

       if value>1:

           return True

   return False

# Implement has_duplicates by creating a histogram using the histogram function above. Write a loop over the strings in the provided test_dups list.

# Print each string in the list and whether or not it has any duplicates based on the return value of has_duplicates for that string.

# For example, the output for "aaa" and "abc" would be the following. aaa has duplicates abc has no duplicates Print a line like one of the above for each of the strings in test_dups.

print("***Implementation of has_duplicates fuction***")

for sTr in test_dups:

   if has_duplicates(sTr):

       print(sTr+": has duplicates")

   else:

       print(sTr+": has no duplicates")

#Part 2 Write a function called missing_letters that takes a string parameter and returns a new string with all the letters of the alphabet that are not in the argument string.

#The letters in the returned string should be in alphabetical order. Your implementation should use a histogram from the histogram function. It should also use the global variable alphabet.

#It should use this global variable directly, not through an argument or a local copy. It should loop over the letters in alphabet to determine which are missing from the input parameter.

#The function missing_letters should combine the list of missing letters into a string and return that string.

def missing_letters(sTr):

   missingLettersList = []

   dic = histogram(sTr)

   for l in alphabet:

       if l not in dic:

           missingLettersList.append(l)

   missingLettersList.sort()

   return "".join(missingLettersList)

#Write a loop over the strings in list test_miss and call missing_letters with each string. Print a line for each string listing the missing letters.

#For example, for the string "aaa", the output should be the following. aaa is missing letters bcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz

#If the string has all the letters in alphabet, the output should say it uses all the letters.

#For example, the output for the string alphabet itself would be the following. abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz uses all the letters

#Print a line like one of the above for each of the strings in test_miss.

print("\n***Implementation of missing_letters fuction***")

for lTm in test_miss:

   sTr = missing_letters(lTm.replace(" ",""))

   if sTr!="":

       print(lTm+" is missing letters "+sTr)

   else:

       print(lTm +" uses all the letters")

Answer:

c. suffer from indefinite postponement.

Explanation:

Algorithm is a set of rules that are followed in calculations or other problem solving operation by a computer. An algorithm may execute for unknown amount of time and it may suffer indefinite postponement. Algorithm depends on random numbers and it can execute continuously.

Answer:

Following are the code to this question:

Defining method shiftLeft:

def shiftLeft(bit_string): #defining method shiftLeft, that accepts parameter bit_string

   bit_string= bit_string[1:]+bit_string[0]#use bit_string to provide slicing

   return bit_string#return bit_string value

bit_string =input("Enter value: ")#defining bit_string variable for user input

print (shiftLeft(bit_string))#use print method to call shiftLeft method

Defining method shiftRight:

def shiftRight(bit_string):#defining method shiftRight, which accepts bit_string variable

bit_string=bit_string[len(bit_string)-1]+bit_string[0:len(bit_string)-1]#using bit_string variable for slicing

   return bit_string#return bit_string calculated value

bit_string= input("Enter value: ")#defining bit_string variable for user input

print(shiftRight(bit_string))#use print method to call shiftLeft method

Output:

Please find the attachment.

Explanation:

method description:

Answer:

I am writing a Python program. Let me know if you want the program in some other programming language.        

import string  #to use string related functions

def wordcount(filename):  # function that takes a text file name as parameter and returns the number of occurrences of every word in file

   file = open(filename, "r")  # open the file in read mode

   wc = dict()  # creates a dictionary

   for sentence in file:  # loop through each line of the file

       sentence = sentence.strip()  #returns the text, removing empty spaces

       sentence=sentence.lower() #converts each line to lowercase to avoid case sensitivity

       sentence = sentence.translate(sentence.maketrans("", "", string.punctuation))  #removes punctuation from every line of the text file

       words = sentence.split(" ")  # split the lines into a list of words

       for word in words:  #loops through each word of the file

           if len(word)>2:  #checks if the length of the word is greater than 2

               if word in wc:  # if the word is already in dictionary

                   wc[word] = wc[word] + 1  #if the word is already present in dict wc then add 1 to the count of that word

               else:  #if the word is not already present

                   wc[word] = 1  # word is added to the wc dict and assign 1 to the count of that word                

   for w in list(wc.keys()):  #prints the list of words and their number of occurrences

       print(w, wc[w])  #prints word: occurrences in key:value format of dict        

wordcount("file.txt") #calls wordcount method and passes name of the file to that method

Explanation:

The program has a function wordcount that takes the name of a text file (filename) as parameter.

open() method is used to open the file in read mode. "r" represents the mode and it means read mode. Then a dictionary is created and named as wc. The first for loop, iterates through each line (sentence) of the text file. strip() method is used to remove extra empty spaces or new line character from each sentence of the file, then each sentence is converted to lower case using lower() method to avoid case sensitivity. Now the words "hello" and "Hello" are treated as the same word.

sentence = sentence.translate(sentence.maketrans("", "", string.punctuation))  statement uses two methods i.e. maketrans() and translate(). maketrans() specifies the punctuation characters that are to be deleted from the sentences and returns a translation table. translate() method uses the table that maketrans() returns in order to replace a character to its mapped character and returns the lines of text file after performing these translations.

Next the split() method is used to break these sentences into a list of words. Second for loop iterates through each word of the text file. As its given to ignore words of length 2 or less, so an IF statement is used to check if the length of word is greater than 2. If this statement evaluates to true then next statement: if word in wc:   is executed which checks if the word is already present in dictionary. If this statement evaluates to true then 1 is added to the count of that word. If the word is not already present  then the word is added to the wc dictionary and 1 s assigned to the count of that word.

Next the words along with their occurrences is printed. The program and its output are attached as screenshot. Since the frankenstein.txt' is not provided so I am using my own text file.

Answer:

for (var i = 0; i <20; i++)

{

var lineY = 20 + (i * 20);

line(0, lineY, 400, lineY);

}

Explanation:

To turn the loop while to for loop, you start by considering the iterating variable i and its iterating operations which are;

var i = 0; while (i < 20) and i++;

Where var i = 0; is the initializing statement

(i < 20) is the conditional statement

i++ is the increment

The next is to combine these operations to a for loop; using the following syntax: for(initializing; condition; increment){}

This gives: for(var i = 0; i<20; i++)

Hence, the full code snippet is:

for (var i = 0; i <20; i++)

{

var lineY = 20 + (i * 20);

line(0, lineY, 400, lineY);

}

Answer:

Bandwidth delay product = 2500 Kbits

Utilization = 0.02%

Explanation:

We proceed as follows;

From the question, we are given that

band width = 500 Mbps

The bandwidth-delay product is = 500 x 10^6 x 25 x 10^-3

= 2500 Kbits

The system can send 12500 Kbits during the time it takes for the data to go from the sender to the receiver and then back again.

However, the system sends only 2500 bits.

The the link utilization =

2500/(12500 x 10^3) = 0.02%

Answer:

A printer is connected locally on Computer1 and is shared on the network. Computer2 installs the shared printer and connects to it. Computer1 considers the printer to be a(n) _____local___________ printer, and Computer2 considers the printer to be a(n) _____network___________ printer.

Explanation:

Any printer installed directly to Computer 1 is a local printer.  If this printer is then shared with computers 2 and 3 in a particular networked environment, it becomes a shared printer.  For these other computers 2 and 3, the shared printer is a network printer, because it is not locally installed in each of them.  There may be some features which network computers cannot use on a shared printer, especially if the printer can scan documents.

Complete Question:

Let's say that you handle the IT systems administration for your company. There's a server inside of your organization that checks how often client machines access it. If a client machine hasn't accessed the server in three months, the server won't allow the client machine to access its resources anymore. What can you set to make sure that your client machines and the server times are in sync?

Answer:

Network Time Protocol (NTP).

Explanation:

As the IT systems administrator, you can set the network time protocol (NTP) to make sure that your client machines and the server times are in synchronization.

A network time protocol (NTP) can be defined as an internet standard protocol which is used by an IT system administrator to synchronize a computer's clock to a particular time reference over packet switched or local area network (LAN) and variable-latency data networks. NTP was developed at the University of Delaware by Professor David L. Mills.

Basically, the network time protocol uses the coordinated universal time (UTC) and a client-server model to measure the total round-trip delay for a computer process.

Answer:

Subject line

Explanation:

Editing the subject line is very important so as to enable the recipient know the source of received the message (document).

For example, if a remote team working on a project called Project X receives a shared document by one member of team, we would expect the subject line of the email to be– Project X document. By so doing the legitimacy of the email is easily verified.

Answer:

The answer is below

Explanation:

Given that:

Frame transmission time (X) = 40 ms

Requests = 50 requests/sec, Therefore the arrival rate for frame (G) = 50 request * 40 ms = 2 request

a) Probability that there is success on the first attempt = [tex]e^{-G}G^k[/tex] but k = 0, therefore Probability that there is success on the first attempt = [tex]e^{-G}=e^{-2}=0.135[/tex]

b) probability of exactly k collisions and then a success = P(collisions in k attempts) × P(success in k+1 attempt)

P(collisions in k attempts) = [1-Probability that there is success on the first attempt]^k = [tex][1-e^{-G}]^k=[1-0.135]^k=0.865^k[/tex]

P(success in k+1 attempt) = [tex]e^{-G}=e^{-2}=0.135[/tex]

Probability of exactly k collisions and then a success = [tex]0.865^k0.135[/tex]

c) Expected number of transmission attempts needed = probability of success in k transmission = [tex]e^{G}=e^{2}=7.389[/tex]

This question is incomplete because the options are missing; here are the options for this question:

Which of the following is the most effective way for Velma to save money each month?

A. Automatically reroute a portion of her paycheck to her savings account.

B. Manually deposit 10% of her paycheck in her savings account.

C. Pay all of her bills and then place the remaining money in her savings account.

D. Pay all of her bills and then place the remaining money in her piggy bank.

The correct answer to this question is A. Automatically reroute a portion of her paycheck to her savings account.

Explanation:

In this case, Velma needs to consistently save money for her vacation as this guarantees she will have the money for the trip. This means it is ideal every month she contributes consistently to her savings for the vacation.

This can be better be achieved by automatically rerouting a part of her paycheck for this purpose (Option A) because in this way, every month the money for the vacations will increase and the amount of money will be consistent, which means Velma will know beforehand the money she will have for the vacation. Moreover, options such as using a piggy bank or paying the bills and using the rest for her savings, do not guarantee she will contribute to the savings every month, or she will have the money she needs at the end.

Answer:

(B) It allows an attacker to redirect targets to malicious webserver.

(D) It affects any clients querying the poisoned DNS server.

Explanation:

DNS cache poisoning is a serious type of attack that is designed to exploit the vulnerabilities inherent in a Domain Name Server (DNS) where a user is redirected from a real server to a fake one. It is also called DNS spoofing.

Normally, when your browser tries to visits a website through a given domain name, it goes through the DNS server. A DNS server maintains a list of domain names and their equivalent Internet Protocol addresses. This server (DNS) then responds to the request with one or more IP addresses for the browser to reach the website through the domain name.

The computer browser then get to the intended website through the IP address.

Now, if the DNS cache is poisoned, then it has a wrong entry for IP addresses. This might be via hacking or a physical access to the DNS server to modify the stored information on it. Therefore, rather than responding with the real IP address, the DNS replies with a wrong IP address which then redirects the user to an unreal website.

Although they might not be able to control your computer remotely as long as you are not trying to visit a web page via the poisoned information, there are other dangers attached to this type of attack.

Once the DNS server has been poisoned, any client trying to query the server will also be affected since there is no direct way of knowing if the information received from the server is actually correct.

Answer:

The programming language is not stated (I'll answer using C++)

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int convert(float miles)

{

   return miles * 5280;

}

int main() {

   cout<<"Console:"<<endl;

   cout<<"Hike Calculator"<<endl;

   float miles;

   char response;

   cout<<"How many miles did you walk?. ";

   cin>>miles;

   cout<<"You walked "<<convert(miles)<<" feet"<<endl;

   cout<<"Continue? (y/n): ";

   cin>>response;

   while(response == 'y')

   {

   cout<<"How many miles did you walk?. ";

   cin>>miles;

   cout<<"You walked "<<convert(miles)<<" feet"<<endl;

   cout<<"Continue? (y/n): ";

   cin>>response;

   }

   cout<<"Bye!";

   return 0;

}

Explanation:

Here, I'll explain some difficult lines (one after the other)

The italicized represents the function that returns the number of feet

int convert(float miles)

{

   return miles * 5280;

}

The main method starts here

int main() {

The next two lines gives an info about the program

   cout<<"Console:"<<endl;

   cout<<"Hike Calculator"<<endl;

   float miles;

   char response;

This line prompts user for number of miles

   cout<<"How many miles did you walk?. ";

   cin>>miles;

This line calls the function that converts miles to feet and prints the feet equivalent of miles

   cout<<"You walked "<<convert(miles)<<" feet"<<endl;

This line prompts user for another conversion

   cout<<"Continue? (y/n): ";

   cin>>response;

This is an iteration that repeats its execution as long as user continue input y as response

   while(response == 'y')

   {

   cout<<"How many miles did you walk?. ";

   cin>>miles;

   cout<<"You walked "<<convert(miles)<<" feet"<<endl;

   cout<<"Continue? (y/n): ";

   cin>>response;

   }

   cout<<"Bye!";

Answer:

[tex]Attenuation = 0.458\ db[/tex]

Explanation:

Given

Power at point A = 100W

Power at point B = 90W

Required

Determine the attenuation in decibels

Attenuation is calculated using the following formula

[tex]Attenuation = 10Log_{10}\frac{P_s}{P_d}[/tex]

Where [tex]P_s = Power\ Inpu[/tex]t and [tex]P_d = Power\ outpu[/tex]t

[tex]P_s = 100W[/tex]

[tex]P_d = 90W[/tex]

Substitute these values in the given formula

[tex]Attenuation = 10Log_{10}\frac{P_s}{P_d}[/tex]

[tex]Attenuation = 10Log_{10}\frac{100}{90}[/tex]

[tex]Attenuation = 10 * 0.04575749056[/tex]

[tex]Attenuation = 0.4575749056[/tex]

[tex]Attenuation = 0.458\ db[/tex] (Approximated)