Calculate gibbs free energy at 298 K for the reaction CaCO3(s) yields CaO(s) + CO2(g) when H equals 178.8 kJ and S=161 J/K

The reactant that is consumed first in a chemical reaction, also known as the limiting reactant (or limiting reagent), limits the amount of product that can be produced. As a result ,O2 is the limiting reactant.

What is limiting reactant ?

When a reactant is totally consumed during a chemical reaction, the amount of product that can be created is constrained.

n(Mg) = 2.8 g / 24.31 g/mol, n(Mg) = 0.1153 mol, and n(Mg) = m/M

Then, let's determine how many moles of oxygen there are:

n(O2) = 4.5 L * 1 atm / (0.08206/mol * 273.15 K) n(O2) = V(STP) * P(STP) / R * T(STP)

n(O2) = 0.1788 mol

The balanced equation states that the stoichiometric ratio of magnesium to oxygen is 2:1. As a result, 1 mole of O2 and 2 moles of Mg react.

To react with all of the O2, Mg must be present in the following amounts: n(Mg) = n(O2) / 2 n(Mg) = 0.1788 mol / 2 n(Mg) = 0.0894 mol

Since we have only 0.1153 mol of Mg, which is greater than the required 0.0894 mol, Mg is not the limiting reactant. O2 is the limiting reactant since we have only 0.1788 mol of it, which is less than the required 0.1788 mol.

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According to the question Therefore, 81.00 mg/L CaCO3 is equivalent to 162.00 mg/L H2PO4-.

Calcium Carbonate, also known as CaCO3, is a naturally occurring mineral which is found in rocks, shells, and pearls. It is composed of the elements calcium, carbon, and oxygen, and is a major component of sedimentary rocks. Calcium Carbonate is an important building material, and is used in a range of industries, from paper and plastic to pharmaceuticals and cement. It is also used as an additive in many food products, such as baking powder and cheese.

To calculate this, we must first convert 81.00 mg/L CaCO3 to moles.

81.00 mg/L CaCO3 = 0.00045 moles CaCO3

Next, we need to convert from moles of CaCO3 to moles of H2PO4-. The molar ratio between CaCO3 and H2PO4- is 1:2, so for every mole of CaCO3, there are two moles of H2PO4-.

Therefore, 0.00045 moles CaCO3 = 0.00090 moles H2PO4-

Finally, we must convert the moles of H2PO4- back to mg/L:

0.00090 moles H2PO4- = 162.00 mg/L H2PO4-

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Answer:

a. The solute is the substance that is being dissolved, in this case, the red Gatorade mix.

b. The solvent is the substance in which the solute is being dissolved, in this case, water.

c. The solution is the resulting homogeneous mixture of the solute (red Gatorade mix) and the solvent (water).

d. To increase the molarity of the Gatorade in the water, you could add more Gatorade mix to the water while keeping the volume of the solution constant. Alternatively, you could decrease the volume of water while keeping the amount of Gatorade mix constant, which would increase the concentration of Gatorade in the solution.

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Systematic name : 5-chloro-2-pentanol (or 5-chloropentan-2-ol)

Systematic name : 1,2-difluoro-3-heptanol   (or 1,2-difluoroheptan-3-ol).

The active site of numerous reactions is the hydroxyl group (OH). Pentyl butyrate, which has an apricot-like aroma, is the ester that results from the reaction of 1-pentanol and butyric acid. Amyl acetate, also known as pentyl acetate, is the ester that is created when 1-pentanol and acetic acid are combined.

A research evaluating the efficacy of diesel fuel blends with different amounts of pentanol as an additive was done in 2014. Higher pentanol concentrations resulted in higher gaseous emissions at the expense of lower particulate emissions.

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Answer:

density = mass/volume

Rearranging, we get:

volume = mass/density

Substituting the given values, we get:

volume = 108g / 0.90 g/mL

volume = 120 mL

Therefore, the volume of the material is 120 mL. Answer: C

The density of a substance is its mass by volume. Then, the volume of the 108 g of material with a density of 0.90 g/ml is 120 mL.

Density is a physical property of matter that describes the amount of mass in a given volume of a substance. It is defined as the ratio of an object's mass to its volume.

Mathematically, density is expressed as:

Density = Mass / Volume

The unit of density depends on the units of mass and volume used. For example, in the SI system, the unit of mass is kilograms (kg) and the unit of volume is cubic meters (m³), so the unit of density is kg/m³.

Given that, density = 0.90 g/ml

mass = 108 g

then volume = mass/densiy

v = 108 g/0.900 g/ml = 120 mL.

Therefore, density of the material is 120 mL.

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Answer:

Explanation:

This requires using the mol/mol ratio of the balanced equation to solve.  

Start with the given number of moles, cancel those and then multiply by the moles of CO2.  

4 mol C2H6 x 4 mol CO2 = 8 moles of CO2 produced

                       2 mol C2H6

The molecular formula of the compound with a molecular ion at M+ = 122.0374 could be C7H10O3N.

A molecular formula is the chemical representation of a molecular compound that lists the types and quantities of atoms that make up each molecule.

The chemical formula for a molecular compound molecular formula lists the variety of atoms that make up the molecule. A subscript under oxygen in CO2, for instance, indicates that there are two oxygen atoms present, but a subscript under carbon indicates that there is just one carbon atom present.

By dividing the mass by the formula mass expressed in g/mol, one can determine the number of moles in a given quantity of substance.

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We can start by using the given enthalpy change and the balanced equation to calculate the amount of moles of carbon dioxide produced:

1 mol of C2H5OH produces 2 mol of CO2

-1367 kJ/mol is released when 1 mol of C2H5OH is combusted

370 kJ of energy are used in the reaction

Now we can use a proportion to find the number of moles of C2H5OH that produce 370 kJ of energy:

-1367 kJ/mol / 1 mol of C2H5OH = -x kJ / (2 mol of CO2)

Solving for x gives:

x = (370 kJ) (1 mol of C2H5OH) / (-1367 kJ/mol) (2 mol of CO2)

x = 0.1355 mol of CO2

Finally, we can use the molar mass of CO2 (44.01 g/mol) to find the mass of CO2 produced:

mass of CO2 = number of moles of CO2 * molar mass of CO2

mass of CO2 = 0.1355 mol * 44.01 g/mol = 5.96 g of CO2

Therefore, when 370 kJ of energy are used in the reaction, 5.96 g of carbon dioxide are produced.

1.083 moles of Al are needed to react completely with 52.00 g O2.

To begin, we can use the molar mass of O2 to convert 52.00 g to moles.

52.00 g O2 / (32.00 g/mol) = 1.625 mol O2

The balanced equation shows that two moles of aluminum react with three moles of oxygen to form two moles of aluminum oxide. Therefore, we need to know how many moles of aluminum are required to react with 1.625 mol of oxygen.

Using the stoichiometric ratio from the balanced equation:

2 mol Al : 3 mol O2

We can set up a proportion to determine the number of moles of Al needed:

2 mol Al / 3 mol O2 = x mol Al / 1.625 mol O2

Solving for x:

x = (2 mol Al / 3 mol O2) x (1.625 mol O2) = 1.083 mol Al

Therefore, 1.083 moles of aluminum must react completely with 52.00 g of O2.

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Answer:

How much heat will be released when. 8.21 g of sulfur reacts with excess O1 according to the following equation? 25 +302 → 2SO3. AH° = -791.4 kJ.

Explanation:

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76.0 kJ, According to the provided reaction and stoichiometry, 76.0 kJ of heat will be emitted when 8.21 g of sulphur interacts with too much oxygen to create sulphur dioxide.

We must first determine how many moles of sulphur are present:

S mass divided by S's molar mass equals moles of S.

8.21 g/32.06 g/mol = 0.256 mol are the moles of sulphur.

We may infer that all of the sulphur will react because there is an excess of oxygen, hence the reaction will result in:

1 mol SO2 divided by 0.256 mol S results in 0.256 mol SO2.

q = nΔH

where n is the number of moles of the product (SO2), q is the quantity of heat released, and H is the reaction's enthalpy change.

q = (0.128 mol)(-296.8 kJ/mol) = -76.0 kJ

The amount of water is needed to dilute the stock solution to 0.25 M with a total volume of 547 mL is 548 mL

To solve this problem, we can use the formula:

M1V1 = M2V2

where M1 and V1 are the initial concentration and volume, and M2 and V2 are the final concentration and volume.

Given:

M1 = initial concentration = ?

V1 = initial volume = 250 mL

M2 = final concentration = 0.25 M

V2 = final volume = 547 mL

Mass of KCl used = 10.2 g

First, we need to calculate the initial concentration:

M1 = (moles of solute) / (volume of solution in liters)

The molar mass of KCl is 74.55 g/mol. Therefore, the number of moles of KCl used is:

moles of KCl = (mass of KCl) / (molar mass of KCl)

moles of KCl = 10.2 g / 74.55 g/mol

moles of KCl = 0.137 mol

The volume of the initial solution in liters is:

V1 = 250 mL = 0.25 L

Using the formula above, we can calculate the initial concentration:

M1 = (moles of KCl) / (volume of solution in liters)

M1 = 0.137 mol / 0.25 L

M1 = 0.548 M

Now, we can use the formula to calculate the volume of water needed to dilute the solution:

M1V1 = M2V2

(0.548 M)(250 mL) = (0.25 M)(547 mL + V_water)

137 mL = 0.25 M V_water

V_water = 548 mL

Therefore, 548 mL of water is needed to dilute the stock solution to a final volume of 547 mL with a concentration of 0.25 M using M1V1 = M2V2.

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Tο determine which catiοn will precipitate first, we need tο cοmpare the sοlubility prοducts (Ksp) οf their respective sulfates. The catiοn with the smaller Ksp value will precipitate first. The Ksp values fοr BaSO₄ and CaSO₄ are:

Ksp(BaSO₄) = 1.1 × 10⁻¹⁰

Ksp(CaSO₄) = 2.4 × 10⁻⁵

A catiοn is an iοn with a pοsitive charge that is fοrmed by the lοss οf οne οr mοre electrοns frοm a neutral atοm. Catiοns are fοrmed when atοms lοse electrοns tο achieve a mοre stable electrοn cοnfiguratiοn, typically by becοming isοelectrοnic with a nearby nοble gas.

Since the Ksp value fοr BaSO4 is smaller, it will precipitate first. Tο calculate the minimum cοncentratiοn οf Na₂SO₄ required tο precipitate all οf the Ba2+ iοns, we need tο use the sοlubility prοduct expressiοn fοr BaSO₄:

BaSO₄(s) ⇌ Ba2+(aq) + SO₄₂-(aq)

Ksp = [Ba2+][SO₄₂-]

Since all οf the Ba2+ iοns will be precipitated, the cοncentratiοn οf Ba2+ will be zerο οnce precipitatiοn is cοmplete. Thus, the Ksp expressiοn simplifies tο:

Ksp = [SO₄₂-]²

Sοlving fοr [SO₄₂-], we get:

[SO₄₂-] = sqrt(Ksp) = sqrt(1.1 × 10⁻¹⁰) = 1.05 × 10⁻⁵ M

This means that the cοncentratiοn οf Na₂SO₄ needs tο be at least 1.05 × 10⁻⁵M tο prοvide enοugh SO₄₂- iοns tο precipitate all οf the Ba₂+ iοns. We rοund this tο twο significant figures, giving a final answer οf 1.1 × 10⁻⁵ M Na₂SO₄.

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Answer:

A. Excess reactant is FePO4

B. mass of Ca3(PO4)2 produced is 12.41g

Explanation:

A. FePO4 has molar mass of 150.82 g/mol => 26/150.82 = 0.17 mole

CaCO3 has molar mass of 100.09 g/mol => 12.1/100.09 = 0.12 mole

3CaCO3 + 2FePO4 => Ca3(PO4)2 + Fe2(CO3)3

2 moles of FePO4 will react with 3 moles of CaCO3

Therefore,

0.17 mole of FePO4 will react with 0.17 x (3/2) = 0.255 mole of CaCO3

and

0.12 mole of CaCO3 will react with 0.12 (2/3) = 0.08 mole of FePO4

Therefore the excess reactant will be FePO4

B. 3 moles of CaCO3 will produce 1 mole of Ca3(PO4)2

so 0.12 mole of CaCO3 will produce 0.12 x (1/3) = 0.04 mole

Ca3(PO4)2 has molar mass of 310.18 g/mol

=> mass of Ca3(PO4)2 produced is 0.04 x 310.18 = 12.41g

The statement is false that the chemical compound ethanol, with a molecular mass of 46.07 g/mol, has the same molecular formula as Ethanol. The organic liquid, on the other hand, has molecules that weigh 32 g/mol.

Ethylene glycol is a substance that is frequently used as antifreeze. 38.7% of it is carbon, 9.75% hydrogen, and the remainder is oxygen. Ethylene glycol has a molecular weight of 62.07 g.

In the molecules of carbohydrates, the proportion of carbon to hydrogen to oxygen is 1:2:1. This class of organic compounds gets its name from the parts water (water, -hydrate) and carbon (carbon, carbo-).

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If 17 mol of sodium (Na) react in this reaction, 8.5 mol should be the end product i.e., sodium oxide (Na2O) according to the stoichiometry.

Stoichiometry is a technique used by scientists to quantify and control the quantity of reactants and products in chemical reactions on a big scale. Without it, reactions might not be complete, wasting costly ingredients and producing dangerous byproducts.

With so many applications in everyday life, stoichiometry is regarded as the core of chemistry. Stoichiometric calculations are used to determine the chemical makeup of every chemical product we use on a regular basis, including shampoos, cleansers, fragrances, soaps, and fertilizers. Stoichiometry is necessary for the chemical industry to function.

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Answer:

The gas that is at room temperature reacts violently with other elements without heating is ammonium chloride ammonia, mercury or sodium. Basically, the electronegative element will be adopting -1 oxidation state.

Explanation:

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Answer: C) wood cross out

Answer:

In a perfect world, where the calorimeter does not exchange any heat with its contents, the amount of heat lost by the hot water will be equal to the amount of heat gained by the cool metal pieces. This is due to the principle of conservation of energy, which states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred from one form to another. Therefore, the number of calories gained by the metal pieces will be equal to the number of calories lost by the hot water, which is 75 calories.

Explanation:

In summary, according to the principle of conservation of energy, in a perfect world where a calorimeter does not exchange any heat with its contents, the number of calories gained by the cool metal pieces will be equal to the number of calories lost by the hot water, which is 75 calories.

Answer:

56.88g N2

Explanation:

1 mole of N2 will react to 3 moles of H2

so 6.25 moles of H2 will react to 6.25/3 = 2.03 moles of N2

molar mass of N2 = 2(14.01) = 28.02 g/mol

mass of N2 = 2.03 x 28.02 = 56.88 g

Answer: 72g

Explanation:

We need to calculate the stoichiometric ratios of the reactants and choose the set that provides the required ratios with the least amount of excess or unused reactants.

To determine the most efficient set of reactants for a reaction, we should consider the stoichiometry of the reaction, which tells us the ratios of the reactants and products that are involved in the reaction. The most efficient set of reactants will be the one that produces the desired product with the least amount of excess or unused reactants, and hence the least amount of waste.

2A + 3B → 4C If we have 4 moles of A and 6 moles of B, we have the exact stoichiometric amounts required for the reaction to proceed, and all the reactants will be consumed completely to form 8 moles of product C. In this case, there will be no waste of materials, and the reaction will be the most efficient. On the other hand, if we have an excess of one of the reactants, for example, if we have 6 moles of A and 6 moles of B, then only 4 moles of A can react with 6 moles of B to produce 8 moles of C, and the remaining 2 moles of A will be unused and wasted. In this case, the reaction will be less efficient.

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Answer:

To determine the lattice energy of CaCl₂, we can use the Born-Haber cycle, which relates the lattice energy to other thermodynamic quantities such as the enthalpy of sublimation, dissociation, and formation.

The Born-Haber cycle for CaCl₂ is as follows:

Ca(s) → Ca(g) ΔHsub

1/2 Cl₂(g) → Cl(g) ΔHdiss

Ca(g) + Cl(g) → CaCl(g) ΔHf

CaCl(g) → CaCl₂(s) ΔHlattice

We can use the following equation to calculate the lattice energy:

ΔHlattice = ΔHsub + ΔHdiss + ΔHf - IE1 - IE2 - EA

where IE1 and IE2 are the first and second ionization energies of Ca, and EA is the electron affinity of Cl.

Substituting the given values, we get:

ΔHlattice = (+178.2) + (+243.4) + (-795.8) - (+590) - (+1145) - (-348.7)

ΔHlattice = -57.1 kJ/mol

Therefore, the lattice energy of CaCl₂ is -57.1 kJ/mol.

Number of moles of S2 needed to produce 750 moles of SO2 is 375.

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Answer:

When the temperature of water in a geothermal power plant increases, the energy of the water molecules increases. Therefore, the correct answer is b. The energy of the water molecules increases.

Explanation:

Answer:

In this experiment, the amount of ice is the independent variable, and the temperature change is the dependent variable.

A. The mole fraction of sodium chloride (NaCI) is 0.042

B. The mole fraction of water (H₂O) is 0.958

We'll begin by obtaining the mole of each component in the solution. This is shown below:

For sodium chloride (NaCI)

Mole = mass / molar mass

Mole of NaCI = 3.57 / 58.5

Mole of NaCI = 0.061 mole

For water (H₂O)

Mole = mass / molar mass

Mole of H₂O = 25 / 18

Mole of H₂O = 1.389 mole

Finally, we shall determine the mole fraction of each component. Details below:

For sodium chloride (NaCI)

Mole fraction of NaCI = Mole of NaCI / total mole

Mole fraction of NaCI = 0.061 / 1.45

Mole fraction of NaCI = 0.042

For water (H₂O)

Mole fraction of H₂O = 1 - Mole fraction of NaCI

Mole fraction of H₂O = 1 - 0.042

Mole fraction of H₂O = 0.958

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Capturing quality data and using analytics are critical for the fire and emergency services to improve situational awareness, enhance resource management, improve incident management, and develop better planning and prevention strategies.

What is fire?

Fire is a chemical reaction that occurs when a fuel (such as wood, paper, or gasoline) combines with oxygen in the air, producing heat and light. The reaction is exothermic, meaning it releases energy in the form of heat and light. Fire requires three elements to exist: fuel, oxygen, and heat. These elements are often referred to as the "fire triangle."

Capturing quality data and using analytics are critical for the fire and emergency services for several reasons:

Improved situational awareness: Fire and emergency services need accurate, up-to-date information to make informed decisions and respond effectively to emergencies.

Enhanced resource management: Fire and emergency services often operate under tight budget constraints and need to make the most of their resources.

Improved incident management: The ability to capture and analyze data in real-time can help fire and emergency services manage incidents more effectively.

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The balanced chemical equation for the complete combustion of propan-2-ol (also known as isopropanol) is: C₃H₈O + 5O₂ → 3CO₂ + 4H₂O.

Complete combustion is a chemical reaction between a fuel and an oxidant that produces only carbon dioxide and water vapor as the products. In other words, in complete combustion, all of the fuel is burned completely, producing the maximum amount of heat and light energy. The general equation for complete combustion of a hydrocarbon fuel is: hydrocarbon + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water. In this reaction, methane reacts with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water vapor. This reaction is exothermic, meaning it releases heat energy, and it is used in many applications such as heating and energy production. Complete combustion is different from incomplete combustion, where the fuel is not burned completely and other products such as carbon monoxide (CO) and unburned hydrocarbons are produced. Incomplete combustion is generally less efficient and can produce harmful pollutants.

Here,

This equation shows that one molecule of propan-2-ol reacts with five molecules of oxygen gas to produce three molecules of carbon dioxide and four molecules of water vapor. This reaction releases energy in the form of heat and light and is a common way of producing energy from organic fuels. The balanced equation shows that the number of atoms of each element is the same on both sides of the equation, which is a requirement for a balanced chemical equation.

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Answer: 0.1334983576 g

Explanation:

The mass must be conserved on both sides of the equation. Mass put in must must = mass put out. So we must start by finding the mass of the reactants and then the mass of 2H2O. Then we must subtractio the mass of the reactants from the mass of 2H2O which will gives us the mass of CO2.

Mass of CH4:

(12.0107)+ 4(1.00794) = 16.48246 g/mol

we are given three mols of CH4 so divide 3 mol by 16.48246 g/mol

3 mol/ 16.48246 g/mol = 0.1820116657 g CH4

Mass of 2O2:

2(15.99994) = 31.99988 g/mol

we are given 2 moles of 2O2 so divide 2 mol by 31.99988 g/mol  

2 mol/ 31.99988 g/mol = 0.0625002344 g 2O2

Mass of 2H2O:

2(1.00794)+(15.99994) = 18.01582 g/mol

we are given 2 moles of 2H2O so divide 2 mol by 18.01582 g/mol

2 mol/ 18.01582 g/mol = 0.1110135425 g 2H20

Now we add up the grams on the reactatnt side and subtract that number from the mass of 2H2O:

0.1820116657 g CH4 + 0.0625002344 g 2O2 = 0.2445119001 g (total of g of reactants)

0.2445119001 g -  0.1110135425 g =  0.1334983576 g CO2