Copyright laws exist to protect authors’ and publishers’ rights, but also to balance that protection with access and innovation. In 1999, two teenagers created the file-sharing program Napster. Within its first year, the service surpassed 20 million users. Many Napster users shared music files with each other, but without any compensation to the artists and producers who made the music, sparking a series of legal battles over copyright and distribution. In 2001, an appellate panel upheld a previous ruling that Napster violated copyright laws, stating that, “Repeated and exploitative unauthorized copies of copyrighted works were made to save the expense of purchasing authorized copies.”

Artists were divided on the benefits and harms of Napster. Over 70 artists formed “Artists Against Piracy” in coalition with major record companies to combat the piracy occurring on Napster and other peer-to-peer internet services. In contrast, some established artists such as Neil Young saw piracy as the “new radio” and applauded the potential to reach larger audiences and drive additional sales through increased popularity. Seeing both the benefits and detriments of piracy, singer Norah Jones stated, “If people hear it I’m happy…it’s great that young people who don’t have a lot of money can listen to music and be exposed to new things… But I also understand it’s not ideal for the record industry, and a lot of young artists who won’t make any [money] off their album sales, but at least they can tour.”

Although court rulings forced Napster to terminate its file-sharing business, Napster’s innovations stimulated payment-based services, such as iTunes, Pandora, and many others. But the availability of such services has not put an end to the debate surrounding artist compensation with digital music, as seen with Taylor Swift’s open letter to Apple in 2015. Swift’s albums, along with the music of many other artists, were going to be streamed at no cost to new Apple Music customers over the first three months of service without any compensation to the artists. In her open letter, Swift stated, “I’m not sure you know that Apple Music will not be paying writers, producers, or artists for those three months. I find it to be shocking, disappointing, and completely unlike this historically progressive and generous company.” Within a few hours, Apple responded by changing the terms of its agreement in order to compensate artists at a reduced rate.



Discussion Questions

1. Artists generally agree that piracy causes financial harm, but some artists recognize that piracy creates exposure for the artist and access for the listener. Do you think the benefits of piracy outweigh the harms done? Why or why not?

2. Along with other file-sharing services, Napster helped to stimulate payment-based services such as iTunes, Pandora, and many others. Do you think this positive outcome justifies Napster’s illegal activities? Why or why not?

3. If Apple had not agreed to compensate artists in response to Swift’s open letter, do you think it would be ethically questionable to subscribe to their service? Are you, as a consumer, more likely to subscribe as a result of Apple’s response? Why or why not?

Enola Holmes defies the societal expectations placed on women at the period by being incredibly brilliant, perceptive, and intuitive.

Enola Holmes is the youngest child in the Holmes family. Being exceptionally intelligent, insightful, and intuitive, she violates the traditional expectations for women of the time. Her mother, Eudoria, has pushed her to be independent and to have a strong will. She has taught her everything, from chess to jujitsu.

The results may lead the writer to conclude that nationalism (self-sacrifice) is the moral tenet of the movie that is most essential.

Enola's intelligence, her ability to solve problems faster than her illustrious older brother, Sherlock Holmes, and her ability to stand up for herself while defending others, like Tewkesbury, are all revealed throughout the film.

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Answer: The red area would be the Soviet Union!

Green is Britain, Yellow is United States, and Blue is France. Hope this helps!

The red area would be the Soviet Union, Green is Britain, Yellow is United States, and Blue is France. So, Soviet Union occupied the German Territory Labelled 2.

Germany was split into four occupation zones following World War II, each of which was under the jurisdiction of one of the four Allied powers: the Soviet Union, the United States, Britain, and France. The French occupation zone is indicated on the map with the number 2.

At the Yalta Conference in February 1945, the Allied nations decided to partition Germany into four occupation zones. Military occupation lines were used to separate the zones, with the Soviet Union occupying eastern Germany and the United States occupying the south, Britain occupying the northwest, and France occupying the southwest.

Until 1990, when Germany was reunited, the occupation zones persisted.

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Answer:

The social positions of merchants were different in early Chinese and Muslim societies in several ways.

In early Chinese society, merchants were generally considered to be a lower social class than farmers and artisans. This was because they were seen as making their living through commerce and trade, rather than through productive labor. Merchants in China were often subject to strict regulations and restrictions, and were required to pay higher taxes than other social classes.

In contrast, merchants in early Muslim societies were often highly respected and valued for their role in trade and commerce. This was partly due to the central role of trade in Islamic culture and the importance of the Hajj (pilgrimage) to Mecca, which brought merchants from all over the Islamic world together. Merchants in Muslim societies were often wealthy and influential, and were sometimes able to use their wealth to gain political power and influence.

Another key difference between the social positions of merchants in early Chinese and Muslim societies was their relationship to the ruling elite. In China, merchants were often seen as a threat to the power and stability of the ruling dynasties, and were therefore subjected to strict regulations and restrictions. In Muslim societies, however, merchants were often able to use their wealth and influence to gain favor with the ruling elites, and were sometimes able to hold powerful positions within the government.

Overall, the social positions of merchants in early Chinese and Muslim societies were shaped by a complex set of cultural, political, and economic factors, and varied widely depending on the specific historical context and social norms of each society.

The social positions of merchants in early Chinese and Muslim societies were different in several ways.

In early Chinese society, merchants were generally considered to be members of the lowest social class, along with farmers and artisans. Confucianism, which was the dominant philosophy of the time, placed a high value on scholarly pursuits and viewed commerce as a less honorable profession.

Merchants were often seen as greedy and dishonest, and their wealth was viewed with suspicion. As a result, merchants were not given a prominent role in government and were often subject to various restrictions and regulations.

In contrast, in early Muslim society, merchants played a much more significant role. Islam placed a high value on trade and commerce, and the Prophet Muhammad himself was a merchant before he began preaching. As a result, merchants were respected members of society and were often involved in politics and government.

They were seen as valuable contributors to society, and their wealth was not viewed with suspicion as it was in China. In addition, the Islamic legal system, or sharia, provided a framework for commercial transactions and contracts, which helped to facilitate trade.

Overall, while the social positions of merchants in early Chinese and Muslim societies were different, these differences reflect the distinct cultural, philosophical, and religious values of these two societies.

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One of the founding fathers of the United States, Alexander Hamilton, had a major impact on the direction of the nation's early economic policies. He helped create the country's financial system.

Madison tended to be calmer and more restrained, while Hamilton was outspoken, ambitious, and aggressive. The two men's enmity was never as intense as it was between Burr and Hamilton or, even before their reconciliation, between John Adams and Thomas Jefferson.

He was a planner and a thinker, and the things he performed involved extensive plans for the country. Hamilton, a master of administration, created the framework for the growth of contemporary America.

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The Texas Clean Air Act of 1970 was one of the earliest environmental regulations in the state, and it aimed to address air pollution by setting standards for emissions from industrial sources.

It established the Texas Air Control Board, which was tasked with enforcing the regulations, and required industrial facilities to obtain permits for emissions above a certain threshold. This legislation was instrumental in reducing levels of smog and other pollutants in the atmosphere and improving air quality across the state.

More recently, in 2019, the Texas legislature passed House Bill 20, which requires the state to develop a plan to reduce carbon emissions from power plants. This legislation seeks to address the effects of climate change by reducing the amount of greenhouse gases being released into the atmosphere.

This plan will include strategies such as increased energy efficiency and the development of renewable energy sources, which will help reduce emissions and protect the environment.

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Answer:

The migrant labour system has had a significant impact on black communities. In South Africa, it has been linked to the country's history of apartheid and racially segregated settlements. The system was used to reconcile the need for cheap labour in mines and cities with the apartheid ideology that workers should not reside there permanently. As a result, black people were often confined to rural areas with fewer economic opportunities and could only work in cities on a temporary basis. This forced many black men to leave their families to find job opportunities in mines, construction, garden services, and other labour-intensive jobs within urban areas where white people lived. A significant number of women were also forced to migrate to urban areas to look for domestic jobs ¹.

The migrant labour system has left a huge dent in the black communities’ way of life. Some of the results of the migrant labour system include segregation of South African black people, poverty due to less paying jobs, segregated families, squatter camps and informal settlements, hostels and substance abuse ¹.

Sources:
(1) The Impact of Migrant Labour System in Black Communities Essay Guide .... https://mycourses.co.za/the-impact-of-migrant-labour-system-in-black-communities-essay-guide/ Accessed 11/04/2023.

(2) The History of Migrant Labor in South Africa (1800–2014). https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-93 Accessed 11/04/2023.

(3) The damaged family structure in African societies is a result of lack .... https://www.news24.com/citypress/Voices/the-damaged-family-structure-in-african-societies-is-a-result-of-lack-of-land-20180323 Accessed 11/04/2023.

(4) The impact of labor migration on African families in South Africa .... https://research-portal.najah.edu/migrant/10376/ Accessed 11/04/2023.

Explanation:

Answer: Ahimsa

Explanation: Both Buddhism and Jainism believe in the concept of karma, which is an attachment of positive and negative forces to the soul based on a person's actions, beliefs, and spiritual attachments. Reincarnation carries this force forward and requires effort to purify the soul.

According to Jainism every act by which a person directly or indirectly supports killing or injury is violence (himsa), which creates harmful karma. The aim of ahimsa is to prevent the accumulation of such karma.

Since they both believe in karma and Ahimsa is karma technally that is the answer

The National War Labor Board was created during World War I and then reestablished during World War II. Its main purpose was to prevent work stoppages and strikes by mediating labor disputes between workers and management in industries related to war production.

Therefore, the National War Labor Board was largely in charge of mediating labor disputes and preventing work stoppages and strikes in industries related to war production, rather than dealing with issues related to discrimination in hiring practices or affirmative action policies.

Hence, the correct answer is none of the options.

"Baby Boomers' Impact on the Post World War II Society" would be the finest heading for the aforementioned list. The three key themes in the description—which are all related to the Baby Boomer generation's impact on postwar society as a whole—are summarised in this title.

The expansion of colleges and the labor force, the rise of a consumer-driven economy, patterns of challenging authority, and the questioning of authority themselves all reflect the Baby Boomers' influence on society at this time.

The growth of a consumer-driven economy, the expansion of universities, and changes in the labor force are all signs that the Baby Boomer generation had a substantial impact on post-World War II society.

As this generation ages and continues to influence the cultural, social, and economic environment of the United States and abroad, their influence is still felt today. Understanding how the Baby Boomers have changed society can assist to clarify contemporary discussions of social and economic issues as well as the historical and cultural background of the post-war era.

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Option (a), Although concessions were required for it to succeed, Madison's Virginia Plan played a significant role in the Constitutional Convention.

The Virginia Plan called for the creation of a bicameral national legislature, or a legislature with two houses, in which the "rights of suffrage" in each house would be proportional to the size of the state. James Madison's Virginia Plan was presented to the Convention by Edmund Randolph on May 29, 1787.

Delegates from the larger states argued that since their states made proportionately greater financial and military contributions to the country, they should have correspondingly greater representation in both the Senate and the House.

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Answer:

hm

Explanation:

The word "revolution" can be defined as a dramatic and fundamental change in a society, culture, or political system, often brought about by a mass movement of people seeking to overthrow an existing order and replace it with a new one. A revolution can involve radical social, economic, or political transformations, and may be marked by violence, protests, and other forms of direct action. In some cases, revolutions have led to the establishment of new forms of government or social organization, while in other cases, they have resulted in chaos and instability. Ultimately, the term "revolution" refers to a profound and often irreversible shift in the way a society operates.

Answer:

Explanation:

Regarding foreign policy, the Republican Party traditionally has supported a strong national defense and the aggressive pursuit of U.S. national security interests, even when it entails acting unilaterally …

The correct sentence that describes Babylonia is "It was the first civilization with a written code of laws." The Option C.

This refers to the Code of Hammurabi, a set of laws created by the Babylonian king Hammurabi in the 18th century BCE. This code established rules for behavior and punishment, and helped to create a more stable and orderly society.

The Babylonian civilization was one of the earliest and most influential in human history, and was located in Mesopotamia, in what is now modern-day Iraq. The Babylonians are known for their advanced knowledge in mathematics, astronomy, and architecture, as well as their impressive public works projects, such as the hanging gardens of Babylon.

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Answer:

3.65

Explanation:

just put the decimal between the dollar and cent numbers

Technician A is correct because during turns, the wheels on outside of the turn travel a greater distance than the wheels on the inside of the turn, causing the front and the rear wheels to turn at different speeds.

Travel refers to the act of moving from one place to another, typically for the purpose of experiencing different cultures, environments, and lifestyles. It can be done for leisure, education, business, or any other reason. Travel can involve various modes of transportation, such as planes, trains, buses, cars, or even on foot. It can also include accommodations, such as hotels, hostels, camping, or staying with locals. Travel can provide opportunities for personal growth, broaden perspectives, and create unforgettable memories. It can also involve challenges, such as language barriers, cultural differences, and unexpected events. Overall, travel is a way to explore the world and connect with people and places beyond one's own familiar surroundings.

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Answer:

The use of social media communications makes information travel instantly, which means that customs, culture, fashion, and traditions from one place can be known in the other corner of the planet, something that never happened in the past.

Explanation:

Answer:

menelik a black scavengers can't written document

Answer:

The United States thought that Napoleon's ghost was haunting Cuba.

Fidel Castro, who overthrew the previous Cuban government, began diplomatic relations with the Soviet Union.

Explanation:

Cuba's alliance with the Soviet Union was the main reason the United States viewed Castro as a security threat–a fear that was arguably vindicated during the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962

The statement is true. Personal values and beliefs can have a significant impact on ethical decision-making, both inside and outside of the workplace.

The statement is true. Personal values and beliefs can have a significant impact on ethical decision-making, both inside and outside of the workplace.

It is important for individuals to understand their own values and biases, as well as the ethical principles and standards that apply to their profession, in order to make informed and ethical decisions.

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Answer:

D

Explanation:

because thats what other races usually do when coming to America because it is very easy to get that job

Answer:

One of the major groups leading the suffrage movement at this point was the American Equal Rights Association (AERA). The organization was founded on May 10, 1866, at the eleventh National Woman's Right Convention by suffrage leaders Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony. The group outlined its goal to “secure Equal Rights to all Americans citizens, especially the right of suffrage, irrespective of race, color, or sex.” The AERA featured a diverse group of members, many prominent figures in the suffrage and abolition movements.

Explanation:

According to the question, these two readings provide a picture of how Americans responded to dramatic changes that were taking place during the first half of 19th century.

It speaks about mill girls. How they labour for around 10 months a year to provide money for the boys in their family or even a friend in the hopes that they may enrol them in school so they can receive an education.

For the tasks they performed, the women received a pitiful wage. They often only received one dollar every week in pay.

In a later section of the chapter, it is explained why women are now valued financially and why they were not given greater attention.

The second reading was from Henry David Thoreau's book Walkden.

"Walden" was written by Henry David Thoreau. It illustrates the way Americans interacted with nature and how they lived in the country, emphasizing the value of living alone.

Both works discuss a time in American history when citizens had to react to the tremendous changes occurring in the first half of the nineteenth century, when businesses employed people for low-paying positions and employees toiled for long hours in ill circumstances.

Hence, together the two readings helped paint a picture of how women had a role in how Americans reacted to the seismic shifts that occurred throughout the first part of the nineteenth century. These significant improvements would not have taken place without women.

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