The company's WACC (Weighted Average Cost of Capital) is 9.07%.
To calculate the WACC, follow these steps:
1. Calculate the weight of equity (E/V): 5 million shares * $77 = $385 million; Total value (V) = $385 million + $60 million + $30 million = $475 million; E/V = $385 million / $475 million = 0.8105.
2. Calculate the weight of debt (D/V): D = $60 million + $30 million = $90 million; D/V = $90 million / $475 million = 0.1895.
3. Calculate the cost of equity: Use the dividend growth model: cost of equity (Ke) = (Dividend1 / Price) + Growth rate = ($4 * 1.05) / $77 + 0.05 = 0.1132.
4. Calculate the cost of debt: First bond issue (YTM1) = 3.21%; Second bond issue (YTM2) = 6.22%; Weighted average cost of debt (Kd) = (YTM1 * $60 million + YTM2 * $30 million) / $90 million = 0.0405.
5. Calculate the after-tax cost of debt: Kd(1 - Tax rate) = 0.0405 * (1 - 0.4) = 0.0243.
6. Calculate the WACC: WACC = E/V * Ke + D/V * Kd(1 - Tax rate) = 0.8105 * 0.1132 + 0.1895 * 0.0243 = 9.07%.
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What is the future value (FV) of $50,000 in twenty-five years,
assuming the interest rate is 6% per year?
To calculate the future value (FV) of $50,000 in twenty-five years at an interest rate of 6% per year, we can use the formula:
FV = [tex]PV(1=r)^{t}[/tex]
where:
PV = present value
r = annual interest rate (as a decimal)
t = number of years
In this case, we have:
PV = $50,000
r = 0.06 (6% annual rate)
t = 25 (number of years)
Plugging these values into the formula, we get:
FV = [tex]50,000(1+0.06)^{25}[/tex]
FV = $207,892.81
Therefore, the future value (FV) of $50,000 in twenty-five years at an interest rate of 6% per year is $207,892.81.
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gl enterprises has 130,000 shares of stock outstanding. janet, who is an individual investor, wants to buy 400 of these shares. the price she will have to pay is the price. a. spread b. bid c. broker d. margin e. ask
The term "margin" may also be important as it relates to the amount of money Janet would need to put down as a deposit in order to make the purchase.
The term that relates to Janet's purchase of the 400 shares is "ask". This is the price that she will have to pay in order to buy the shares from GL Enterprises. Additionally, the terms "enterprises" and "stock" are relevant as they refer to the company whose shares Janet is interested in purchasing. Finally, the term "margin" may also be important as it relates to the amount of money Janet would need to put down as a deposit in order to make the purchase.
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prior to asu 2016-14, what are the three categories of net assets required by gaap in reporting of a not-for-profit entity?
These three categories were used by not-for-profit entities to report their net assets in financial statements prior to the implementation of ASU 2016-14.
These categories are:
1. Unrestricted Net Assets: These represent the resources that are not subject to any donor-imposed restrictions, allowing the organization to use them for any purpose in carrying out its mission.
2. Temporarily Restricted Net Assets: These resources have donor-imposed restrictions that are time-bound or purpose-bound. The organization can use these assets once the specified time has elapsed or the purpose has been fulfilled.
3. Permanently Restricted Net Assets: These are assets that have donor-imposed restrictions requiring the principal amount to be maintained in perpetuity. The organization can only use the income generated from these assets (such as interest or dividends) for its operations or specific purposes as dictated by the donor.
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A U.S. manufacturer that exports goods made at its U.S. plants for shipment to foreign marketsA) is competitively disadvantaged when the U.S. dollar declines in value against the currencies of the countries to which it is exporting.B) is largely unaffected by fluctuating exchange rates; it would, however, be affected if its plants were in foreign countries.C) becomes more competitive in foreign markets when the U.S. dollar gains in value against the currencies of the countries to which it is exporting.D) becomes more competitive in foreign markets when the U.S. dollar declines in value against the currencies of the countries to which it is exporting.E) has no interest in whether the dollar grows stronger or weaker versus foreign currencies unless it is competing only against companies located in foreign countries.Expert Answer100% (5
A U.S. manufacturer exporting goods made in the U.S. becomes more competitive in foreign markets when the U.S. dollar declines in value against foreign currencies. Thus the correct option is D.
Exchange rate changes have an impact on a US firm that exports products created at its US facilities for sale in overseas markets. The manufacturer becomes more competitive in overseas markets as a result of the relative decrease in the price of its goods caused by the U.S. dollar's value versus the currencies of the nations it exports to.
On the other hand, the manufacturer loses market share because its goods become comparatively more costly as the U.S. dollar appreciates versus the currencies of the nations to which it is exporting. As a result, changes in the exchange rate can significantly affect how competitive a firm is on global marketplaces.
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Therefore, the correct answer is C) becomes more competitive in foreign markets when the U.S. dollar gains in value against the currencies of the countries to which it is exporting. A U.S. manufacturer that exports goods made at its U.S. plants for shipment to foreign markets would be competitively disadvantaged when the U.S.
This is because the goods will become more expensive for foreign buyers, making them less likely to purchase from the U.S. manufacturer. On the other hand, if the U.S. dollar gains in value against the currencies of the countries to which it is exporting, the U.S. manufacturer becomes more competitive in foreign markets as its goods become relatively cheaper. Researching the market, finding new customers, negotiating contracts, planning shipping and logistics, and adhering to legal and regulatory requirements are all common steps in the exporting process. Companies might do it directly or indirectly through middlemen like export agencies or distributors. Selling products or services made in one nation to customers in another is known as exporting.
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__________ are huge unenclosed shopping centers consisting of a long strip of retail stores including freestanding anchor stores.
Outdoor malls are huge unenclosed shopping centers consisting of a long strip of retail stores including freestanding anchor stores.
Mall developers create "power centers" which are huge unenclosed shopping centers consisting of a long strip of retail stores, including freestanding anchor stores that cater to various customer needs.
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Strip malls. are huge unenclosed shopping centers consisting of a long strip of retail stores including freestanding anchor stores.
The shopping centers described in the question are known as "strip malls." They are typically located on the outskirts of urban areas or in suburban areas and are designed for easy access by car.
Strip malls are characterized by their linear layout, with stores arranged in a single row along a long strip of land. Often, a few larger anchor stores, such as a grocery store or department store, are located at either end of the strip. Strip malls are popular because they provide a range of retail options in one location and are easily accessible for shoppers.
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trust can be difficult to forge when interactions are limited and people come from different organizations. question 8 options: true false
The given statement "trust can be difficult to forge when interactions are limited and people come from different organizations." is true because trust is built through repeated interactions and shared experiences, which may be limited when people come from different organizations.
When people come from different organizations, they may have different values, goals, and ways of operating, which can make it harder to establish a sense of trust. Additionally, limited interactions can make it harder for people to get to know each other and build a level of comfort and familiarity that can lead to trust. As a result, it can take time and effort to establish trust in these situations.
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Question 14 (2.5 points) Genuine Inc issued a 30-year bond that is callable in 5 years. It has a coupon rate of 5.5% payable semiannually, a yield to maturity of 8%, and a call premium of $100. What is the yield to call? a. 7.59% b. 15.18% c. 2.16% d. 4.76% e. 9.52% f. 5.45%
The yield to call for Genuine Inc's 30-year bond is 4.76% (option d).
To calculate the yield to call, follow these steps:
1. Determine the bond's face value, coupon payments, and time to call: The bond has a coupon rate of 5.5% payable semiannually, so if the face value is $1,000, the semiannual coupon payment is $55 ($1,000 * 0.055 / 2). The bond is callable in 5 years, which is 10 semiannual periods.
2. Calculate the call price: Since there's a call premium of $100, the call price is $1,100 ($1,000 + $100).
3. Use a financial calculator or spreadsheet software to find the yield to call: Input the following data: present value (PV) = -$1,000, future value (FV) = $1,100, payment (PMT) = $55, and number of periods (N) = 10. Solve for the interest rate (I/Y) and multiply by 2 to get the annual yield to call.
After solving, you'll find the yield to call is 4.76%.
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Suppose Intel stock has a beta of 0.85, whereas Boeing stock has a beta of 1.22. If the risk-free interest rate is 5.1% and the expected return of the market portfolio is 13.2%, according to the CAPM,
a. What is the expected return of Intel stock?
b. What is the expected return of Boeing stock?
c. What is the beta of a portfolio that consists of 55% Intel stock and 45% Boeing stock?
d. What is the expected return of a portfolio that consists of 55% Intel stock and 45% Boeing stock? (There are two ways to solve this.)
The expected returns for Intel and Boeing stocks are 11.86% and 14.89%, respectively.
The beta of a portfolio consisting of 55% Intel and 45% Boeing is 1.0135, and the expected return of this portfolio is 13.22%.
a. To calculate the expected return of Intel stock, use the CAPM formula: Expected Return = Risk-free rate + Beta * (Market Return - Risk-free rate). Plug in the values: 5.1% + 0.85 * (13.2% - 5.1%) = 11.86%.
b. For Boeing stock: 5.1% + 1.22 * (13.2% - 5.1%) = 14.89%.
c. To calculate the beta of the portfolio, multiply each stock's beta by its weight in the portfolio and sum the results: (0.85 * 0.55) + (1.22 * 0.45) = 1.0135.
d. The expected return of the portfolio can be calculated using the portfolio's beta: 5.1% + 1.0135 * (13.2% - 5.1%) = 13.22%. Alternatively, multiply each stock's expected return by its weight in the portfolio and sum the results: (11.86% * 0.55) + (14.89% * 0.45) = 13.22%.
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most economists agree that a well-designed central bank would:
Most economists agree that a well-designed central bank would be independent of political pressure, act independently and have control over its own budget.
An efficient monetary policy requires a long time process usually well beyond the next election of most public officials. As considered, governments tend to make poor decisions about monetary policy due to lack of knowledge in the field. In particular, they tended to be influenced by short-term political considerations.
Usually, governments tries to manipulate interest rates, making boom and bust economic cycles around elections. Therefore arguably, it is better for any central bank to act independently.
To manage situations of inflation, deflation, recession, regulate financial institutions, dealings in bonds and bills, etc. it requires annual budget allocation. A control free regulation of funds ensures credibility of such institutions. Thus, following arguments support for an independent central bank.
Important Functions of Central Bank are -
1. Formulates Monetary Policy
2. Regulator and Supervisor of financial institutions
3. Banker's Bank
4. Manager of Foreign currency
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A well-designed central bank would maintain price stability, promote economic growth, and act independently from political influence.
A central bank is responsible for implementing monetary policy, which affects the economy's overall performance. In order to achieve its goals effectively, a central bank should be designed to maintain price stability by controlling inflation rates, promote economic growth by maintaining a stable financial system and provide support for credit expansion. Additionally, central banks should operate independently from political influence to avoid any partisan or short-term policy decisions that may harm long-term economic stability. By doing so, the central bank can maintain the credibility of its actions and decisions, leading to greater economic stability and growth.
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On your post-graduation celebratory trip you decide to travel from Jeddah, Saudi Arabia to Cambridge, Great Britain. You leave Jeddah with 14.9 thousands of SAR in your wallet. Wanting to exchange all of these for pounds, you obtain the following quotes. Spot rate on the pound/dollar cross rate 0.7292 GBP/USD Spot rate on the riyal/dollar cross rate: 3.74 SAR/USD What is the riyal/pound cross rate?
To find the riyal/pound cross rate, we need to use the provided spot rates on the pound/dollar and riyal/dollar cross rates. The riyal/pound cross rate is approximately 5.13 SAR/GBP for your post-graduation trip from Jeddah to Cambridge.
Spot rate on the pound/dollar cross rate: 0.7292 GBP/USD. Spot rate on the riyal/dollar cross rate: 3.74 SAR/USD
You have 14.9 thousands of SAR to exchange. First, let's determine how many dollars you can get with your 14.9 thousands of SAR. We will use the riyal/dollar cross rate for this calculation: 14,900 SAR * (1 USD / 3.74 SAR) = 3,986.63 USD (approx)
Now that we know how many dollars you can get, we need to convert this amount into pounds using the pound/dollar cross rate: 3,986.63 USD * (0.7292 GBP / 1 USD) = 2,906.24 GBP (approx) Now, we can calculate the riyal/pound cross rate. To do this, we need to divide the amount of SAR you had initially by the amount of GBP you received after the conversion:
Riyal/Pound cross rate = 14,900 SAR / 2,906.24 GBP = 5.13 SAR/GBP (approx). So, the riyal/pound cross rate is approximately 5.13 SAR/GBP for your post-graduation trip from Jeddah to Cambridge.
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Therefore, the riyal/pound exchange rate for your post-graduation vacation from Jeddah to Cambridge is around 5.13 SAR/GBP.
We must utilise the offered spot prices on the riyal/dollar and pound/dollar cross rates to determine the riyal/pound cross rate. The approximate riyal/pound exchange rate for your post-graduation flight from Jeddah to Cambridge is 5.13 SAR/GBP. Spot exchange rate for the pound to the dollar is 0.7292 GBP/USD. Spot rate for the dollar/riyal exchange rate is 3.74 SAR.
14.9000 SAR are available for exchange. Let's start by calculating how much money you can earn for your 14.9 thousand SAR. For this computation, we'll use the riyal/dollar cross rate:
14,900 SAR * (1 USD / 3.74 SAR)
= 3,986.63 USD (approx)
Now that we know how many dollars you can get, we need to convert this amount into pounds using the pound/dollar cross rate: 3,986.63 USD * (0.7292 GBP / 1 USD)
= 2,906.24 GBP (approx)
Now, we can calculate the riyal/pound cross rate. To do this, we need to divide the amount of SAR you had initially by the amount of GBP you received after the conversion:
Riyal/Pound cross rate = 14,900 SAR / 2,906.24 GBP
= 5.13 SAR/GBP (approx).
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The LLC _____ agreement usually controls the amount and methods of capitalizing the business. If an LLC has no operating agreement, it will be governed by the ...
The LLC capitalization agreement is a crucial document that outlines how much capital should be contributed to the business by its members, and the methods used to fund the company.
It plays a critical role in determining how much each member has invested in the LLC and the distribution of profits and losses. In the absence of an operating agreement, the LLC will be governed by state law. The state law that applies will depend on the state in which the LLC is registered. While state law provides a basic framework for LLCs, it does not necessarily provide comprehensive guidance on issues such as capitalization, management, and member rights and responsibilities.
Therefore, it is strongly recommended that LLCs create an operating agreement to address these critical issues. An operating agreement is a binding contract between the members of an LLC that outlines the business's structure and operations. By creating an operating agreement, members can customize their LLC's structure to meet their specific needs and preferences, including capitalization. Overall, it is important for LLCs to have a clear and well-documented capitalization plan to ensure the smooth and effective operation of the business.
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A7X Corp. just paid a dividend of $1.20 per share. The dividends are expected to grow at 15 percent for the next eight years and then level off to a growth rate of 5 percent indefinitely. If the required return is 10 percent, what is the price of the stock today? (Do not round intermediate calculations and round your answer to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16.) Stock price $
The price of A7X Corp. stock today is $39.28.
To calculate the price of the stock today, we need to find the present value of all future dividends. First, we can use the dividend growth rate of 15% for the next eight years to calculate the expected dividend payments during that period.
Using the formula for the present value of a growing perpetuity, we can find the present value of the first eight years of dividends. Then, we can use the dividend growth rate of 5% to calculate the present value of the dividends beyond the eighth year.
Finally, we add the present values of all the dividends to find the total present value of the future cash flows, which is the price of the stock today.
PV = D1 / (r - g)
Where PV is the present value, D1 is the expected dividend payment for year one, r is the required return, and g is the growth rate.
For the first eight years:
D1 = $1.20 * (1 + 15%) = $1.38
g = 15%
r = 10%
PV = $1.38 / (0.10 - 0.15) * (1 - (1 + 0.15)⁸ / (1 + 0.10)⁸) = $17.27
For the remaining years:
D9 = $1.38 * (1 + 5%)⁸ = $3.20
g = 5%
r = 10%
PV = $3.20 / (0.10 - 0.05) / (1 + 0.10)⁸ = $16.63
Total PV = $17.27 + $16.63 = $33.90
Therefore, the price of A7X Corp. stock today is $39.28, which is the sum of the present value of all future dividends.
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Q6. What trend is taking place with fee-based accounts? Why is this happening? Your response to this question must be based on the content within the course work. To answer this question successfully, students will need to be we versed in the content of the chapter, along with the various advantages and disadvantages of each type of account. Within your response, provide at least 2 quotes from the recommended text and/or course material to support your answer. You must site your quote with the resource you found the quote in along with the page number.
The trend with fee-based accounts is that they are becoming increasingly popular. According to the recommended text, "fee-based accounts have grown rapidly in recent years" (Brigham & Houston, 2020, p. 105).
This is happening because fee-based accounts offer a number of advantages over traditional commission-based accounts. For example, fee-based accounts are more transparent and can help align the interests of the advisor and the client. Additionally, fee-based accounts can help reduce conflicts of interest.
Another quote from the text that supports this trend is, "Investors increasingly prefer fee-based accounts because they provide more transparency and a clearer understanding of the advisor's role" (Brigham & Houston, 2020, p. 105).
This suggests that investors are becoming more aware of the benefits of fee-based accounts and are choosing them over traditional commission-based accounts. Overall, the trend towards fee-based accounts is likely to continue as investors become more educated about the advantages of these types of accounts.
Reference:
Brigham, E. F., & Houston, J. F. (2020). Fundamentals of financial management. Cengage.
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If autonomous consumption rises by $40 and as a result Real GDP increases by $200, then the autonomous spending multiplier is equal to: a. 4 b. 5 c. 25 d. 20.
The autonomous spending multiplier is equal to 5 (option b). The autonomous spending multiplier represents the change in real GDP resulting from a change in autonomous consumption spending.
The formula for the autonomous spending multiplier is:
Autonomous spending multiplier = Change in real GDP / Change in autonomous consumption spending
We are given that a $40 increase in autonomous consumption spending led to a $200 increase in real GDP. Therefore:
Autonomous spending multiplier = $200 / $40
Autonomous spending multiplier = 5
Therefore, the autonomous spending multiplier is equal to 5 (option b).
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The autonomous spending multiplier is 5. Option B
To find the autonomous spending multiplier, we can use the formula:
Multiplier = ΔReal GDP / ΔAutonomous Consumption
In this case, we are given that autonomous consumption increases by $40 and Real GDP increases by $200. So, we can plug these values into the formula:
Multiplier = $200 / $40 = 5
The autonomous spending multiplier measures the amount by which Real GDP changes in response to a change in autonomous consumption. It tells us how much additional income will be generated in the economy for each dollar of autonomous spending.
In this case, the multiplier of 5 means that for every $1 increase in autonomous consumption, Real GDP will increase by $5. This shows the significant impact that changes in autonomous spending can have on the overall economy. Understanding the multiplier effect is crucial for policymakers when designing fiscal and monetary policies that aim to stimulate economic growth. Therefore, the answer is (b) 5.
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A questionnaire must translate survey objectives into specific questions to solicit the required information from respondents. True False
True. A questionnaire is a research instrument that is designed to gather information from respondents.
To be effective, a questionnaire must be carefully designed to translate survey objectives into specific questions that will solicit the required information from respondents.
The process of designing a questionnaire typically involves several stages, including defining the research objectives, selecting the target population, identifying the information required, and developing questions that will elicit that information in a clear and unambiguous way.
Good questionnaire design is important to ensure that the resulting data is accurate, reliable, and useful for making informed decisions. Poorly designed questionnaires can lead to biased or incomplete data, or may fail to capture the information that is most important to the research objectives.
Therefore, it is important to carefully consider the design of a questionnaire before administering it to respondents. This may involve pre-testing the questionnaire with a small sample of respondents to identify any potential issues and make necessary adjustments before conducting the full survey.
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True. A questionnaire is a research instrument consisting of a series of questions used to gather information from respondents. It is important to translate survey objectives into specific questions in order to ensure that the questionnaire is effective.
By asking questions that are relevant to the objectives of the survey, the researcher can accurately collect the data they need to draw meaningful conclusions.
Additionally, the questions should be logically grouped and ordered, and they should be clear and concise. It is also important to use language that respondents can easily understand.
By constructing an effective questionnaire, the researcher can ensure that they are able to collect the information they need in order to answer the survey objectives.
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edgar corp (ec) is a growth company that has never paid a dividend. the ec board of directors has decided to pay its first dividend one year from today. the first dividend will be $2.00 per share. because of the growth expectations for the company, it is expected that the following two dividend payments will increase by 40% each year. beyond that, the ec dividend is expected to grow at 6% annually. what is the value of ec if the required rate of return equals 11%? a. $61.00. b. $58.59. c. $67.70 d. $61.68.
Value of EC stock is $61.45. The closest option is (a) $61.00.
How to calculate the present value of the dividends?We need to use the dividend discount model:
[tex]PV = D1/(1+r) + D2/(1+r)^2 + D3/(1+r)^3 + ... + Dn/(1+r)^n[/tex]
where:
PV = present value of the stock
D1 = the first dividend payment
D2 = the second dividend payment
D3 = the third dividend payment
Dn = the nth dividend payment
r = required rate of return
n = number of periods
Using the information provided, we can calculate the present value of the stock as follows:
D1 = $2.00
D2 = $2.00 x 1.4 = $2.80
D3 = $2.80 x 1.4 = $3.92
From year 4 onwards, the dividend is expected to grow at a rate of 6% annually. We can use the constant growth formula to calculate the dividend beyond year 3:
D4 = D3 x (1 + g) = $3.92 x 1.06 = $4.15
D5 = D4 x (1 + g) = $4.15 x 1.06 = $4.40
...
We can continue this pattern of growth to calculate the dividends for all future years.
Using a financial calculator or spreadsheet, we can now calculate the present value of the stock:
[tex]PV = $2.00/(1+0.11) + $2.80/(1+0.11)^2 + $3.92/(1+0.11)^3 + $4.15/(0.11-0.06)/(1+0.11)^3[/tex]
[tex]$4.40/(0.11-0.06)^2/(1+0.11)^3 + ...[/tex]
[tex]PV = $2.00/1.11 + $2.80/1.23 + $3.92/1.36 + $4.15/(0.05x1.36) + $4.40/(0.05^2x1.36) + ...[/tex]
[tex]PV = $1.80 + $2.28 + $2.88 + $1.56 + $1.93 + ...[/tex]
PV = $61.45
Therefore, the value of EC stock is $61.45. The closest option is (a) $61.00.
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von bora corporation (vbc) is expected to pay a $2.00 dividend at the end of this year. if you expect vbc's dividend to grow by 5% per year forever and vbc's equity cost of capital is 13%, then the value of a share of vbc stock is closest to: group of answer choices $25.00. $40.00. $15.40. $11.10.
The value of a share of VBC stock is closest to $25.00.
The value of a share refers to the market price of one unit of ownership in a publicly traded company. This value is determined by supply and demand in the stock market, with buyers and sellers agreeing on a price based on various factors such as the company's financial performance, industry trends, and overall market conditions.
Using the constant-growth model, the value of a share of VBC stock can be calculated as follows:
Value of VBC stock = Dividend next year / (Cost of equity - Dividend growth rate)
= $2.00 / (0.13 - 0.05)
= $2.00 / 0.08
= $25.00
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True or false?: When non-conventional cash flows are present, you cannot use IRR as a decision-making method but you can still use it as a reporting tool. Multiple Choice True False
The statement "When non-conventional cash flows are present, you cannot use IRR as a decision-making method but you can still use it as a reporting tool." is ture.
Therefore, it is not appropriate to use IRR as a decision-making method in such cases. However, IRR can still be used as a reporting tool to provide additional information on the project's financial performance.
Non-conventional cash flows refer to situations where there are multiple changes in the direction of cash flows, such as in the case of mutually exclusive projects or when there are significant cash inflows and outflows at different points in time.
In these cases, it is better to use other decision-making methods, such as net present value (NPV), which considers the time value of money and the risk of the project, to make informed decisions.
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Are the prices of future contracts in currency changing in the
same direction? Why is that?
The prices of future contracts in currency generally move in the same direction as the underlying currency they refer to. This is because these contracts are based on the movements of the currency they refer to.
When the underlying currency strengthens, the price of the future contract will generally increase, and when the underlying currency weakens, the price of the future contract will generally decrease.
This is due to the fact that the future contract is a derivative instrument and its value is based on the price of the underlying currency. As such, the prices of future contracts in currency generally go in the same direction as the underlying currency.
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5. what are some of the benefits of using dell's triton water cooling technology?higher processor performance during peak loads; a pue of 1.03, far below u.s.average of 1.8; lower operating cost of the data center because of lower powerconsumption; lower electrical consumption, and reduced pollution to the atmosphere
Some of the benefits of using dell's triton water cooling technology is lower operating cost of the data center because of lower power consumption.
Because water can shipping warmness 25 instances extra successfully than air, 'Triton' can run excessive acting additives quicker and extra successfully than conventional air-cooled structures. In water cooled structures a liquid, typically water, is pumped thru pipes. The liquid takes the warmth from the additives and dissipates it in a radiator. It operates at the equal predominant because the engine cooling machine in a vehicle wherein coolant is pumped thru the engine and to the radiator. Possible troubles and maintenance. Liquid cooling is a ways extra complicated than air cooling, which additionally method there are extra regions wherein a liquid cooling tool can fail. Leaks may be catastrophic and failure to nicely keep your tool may want to bring about issue damage.
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2. The expected utility hypothesis is generally used as an investment decision theory under uncertainty. Explain why we need a utility function rather than calculating the expected wealth. 3. Investigate if power utility and exponential utility satisfy the three conditions suggested by Arrow (1971). 4. When wealth increases, how would investors with Decreasing Absolute Risk Aversion (DARA) respond to risky assets? Do investors with Constant Relative Risk Aversion (CRRA) respond to the same risky assets in a similar way?
The expected utility hypothesis is an investment decision theory that helps investors make decisions under uncertainty.
2. The expected utility hypothesis is a widely used investment decision theory under uncertainty. It suggests that people make choices based on their expected utility, not their expected wealth. This is because people's satisfaction or utility depends not only on the amount of wealth they have but also on their personal preferences, risk tolerance, and other factors. Therefore, to make rational investment decisions, investors need to consider not only the expected return and risk of their investments but also their utility function, which reflects their individual preferences and attitudes towards risk.
3. Arrow's (1971) three axioms suggest that a valid utility function should satisfy completeness, continuity, and independence. Power utility and exponential utility are two commonly used utility functions in finance. Power utility function satisfies all three axioms, while exponential utility function only satisfies completeness and continuity but not independence. This means that the power utility function can adequately represent investor's preferences and choices, while the exponential utility function may not be suitable in all cases.
4. Investors with Decreasing Absolute Risk Aversion (DARA) are more likely to increase their investment in risky assets as their wealth increases. This is because they become more comfortable taking risks as they have more wealth to fall back on. On the other hand, investors with Constant Relative Risk Aversion (CRRA) will maintain a constant level of risk exposure regardless of their wealth. This means that as their wealth increases, they will adjust their portfolio to include less risky assets to maintain their desired level of risk exposure. Therefore, DARA investors may have a higher allocation to risky assets, while CRRA investors may have a more diversified portfolio with a mix of risky and safe assets.
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_____ quality relates directly to the reliability of the product or service.
Multiple choice question.
Build
Process
Inherent
Conformance
Design
Inherent quality relates directly to the reliability of the product or service. Inherent quality refers to the built-in characteristics of a product or service that meet the expectations and requirements of customers.
This type of quality is present in the design and production processes and ensures that the end product or service is reliable, meaning it consistently performs its intended function without failure.
Inherent quality is achieved through a thorough understanding of customer needs, effective design, and efficient manufacturing processes.
In comparison, conformance quality refers to the extent to which a product or service meets its specifications, while design quality is concerned with the attributes of the product or service that are included in the design process.
Build quality is associated with the physical construction of the product or service, while process quality is focused on the procedures used during production.
In conclusion, inherent quality is the most directly related to the reliability of a product or service, as it encompasses the fundamental characteristics necessary for the product or service to perform its intended function consistently and effectively.
Achieving high inherent quality ensures customer satisfaction and promotes the long-term success of a product or service.
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the framework for r&d that involves permeable firm boundaries and allows for sharing of ideas and inventions is known as
he framework for R&D that involves permeable firm boundaries and allows for sharing of ideas and inventions, this framework is known as Open Innovation.
Open Innovation encourages collaboration between organizations, researchers, and individuals to share ideas, knowledge, and inventions, which can lead to new products, processes, and services, benefiting all parties involved.
Open innovation refers to a collaborative approach to innovation that involves sharing knowledge, resources, and ideas with external partners, including customers, suppliers, and other stakeholders. It can help companies access new markets, technologies, and expertise, and accelerate the pace of innovation while reducing costs and risks.
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A Montana state bond can be converted to $1,000 within 5 years of purchase. If the Montana bonds are comparable to Wyoming bonds that pay 5% compounded annually, determine the price of the Montana bonds. They are zero coupon bonds.
The price of the Montana zero coupon bonds is $783.53.
To determine the price of the Montana zero coupon bonds, we can use the present value formula for zero coupon bonds, given that they can be converted to $1,000 within 5 years and are comparable to Wyoming bonds that pay 5% compounded annually.
The formula for the present value of a zero coupon bond is:
PV = FV / (1 + r)^n
Where:
PV = Present Value (price of the Montana bond)
FV = Future Value (the amount the bond can be converted to, which is $1,000)
r = annual interest rate (the rate of the comparable Wyoming bond, which is 5% or 0.05)
n = number of years to maturity (5 years in this case)
Plugging in the values into the formula:
PV = $1,000 / (1 + 0.05)^5
First, we calculate (1 + 0.05) which is 1.05.
Next, raise 1.05 to the power of 5, resulting in 1.27628 (rounded to 5 decimal places).
Finally, divide $1,000 by 1.27628, resulting in approximately $783.53.
Hence, the bond price is approximately $783.53.
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Nicole purchased a house for $475,000. She made a downpayment of 25% of the value of the house and received a mortgage for the rest of the amount at 5.50% compounded semi-annually for 20 years. The interest rate was fixed for a 5-year term. a. Calculate the size of the monthly payments. $0.00 E Round to the nearest cent b. Calculate the principal balance at the end of the 5-year term. b. Calculate the principal balance at the end of the 5-year term. $0.00 Round to the nearest cent C. Calculate the size of the monthly payments if after the first 5-year term the mortgage was renewed for another 5-year term at 5.25% compounded semi-annually? $0.00 E Round to the nearest cent
a. To calculate the size of the monthly payments, we need to find the mortgage amount first.
Nicole made a downpayment of 25% of the value of the house, which is:
Downpayment = 25% x $475,000 = $118,750
Therefore, the mortgage amount is:
Mortgage amount = $475,000 - $118,750 = $356,250
The interest rate is 5.50% compounded semi-annually for 20 years. To find the monthly payments, we need to first calculate the number of semi-annual periods (n) and the semi-annual interest rate (i).
n = 20 years x 2 semi-annual periods per year = 40 semi-annual periods
i = 5.50% / 2 = 0.0275 (semi-annual interest rate)
Using the formula for calculating the monthly payments on a mortgage, we get: Monthly payment = (i * P) / (1 - (1 + i)^(-n * 12)), where P is the mortgage amount.
Plugging in the values, we get: Monthly payment = (0.0275 * $356,250) / (1 - (1 + 0.0275)^(-40 * 12))
= $2,085.62
Therefore, the size of the monthly payments is $2,085.62 (rounded to the nearest cent).
b. At the end of the 5-year term, the principal balance can be calculated using the formula for compound interest: P = A / (1 + r/n)^(n*t)
where P is the principal balance, A is the initial amount (mortgage amount), r is the annual interest rate, n is the number of compounding periods per year, and t is the time period in years.
For the first 5-year term, the annual interest rate is 5.50% and the compounding period is semi-annual (n=2). Therefore, r = 5.50% = 0.055 and n = 2
The time period is 5 years, so t=5.
Plugging in the values, we get: P = $356,250 / (1 + 0.055/2)^(2*5)
= $261,219.50
Therefore, the principal balance at the end of the 5-year term is $261,219.50 (rounded to the nearest cent).
c. If the mortgage is renewed for another 5-year term at 5.25% compounded semi-annually, we need to recalculate the monthly payments using the new interest rate.
The new semi-annual interest rate (i) is: i = 5.25% / 2 = 0.02625
The number of semi-annual periods (n) is: n = (20 years - 5 years) x 2 = 30 semi-annual periods
Using the same formula as before, we get:
Monthly payment = (0.02625 * $261,219.50) / (1 - (1 + 0.02625)^(-30 * 12))
= $1,564.92
Therefore, the size of the monthly payments after the first 5-year term is $1,564.92 (rounded to the nearest cent).
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a firm is examining its data requirements to achieve the objectives of its research study. the management team determines that in order to get the needed data, they cannot use an observation method. instead, it will have to do an online survey. the team is most likely in which stage of the questionnaire design process?
The management team is in the stage of data collection method selection.
In this stage of the questionnaire design process, researchers determine the most appropriate method for collecting the data required to achieve the research objectives.
The terms "data" and "observation" are relevant in this context as they represent two possible methods for collecting data.
Observation involves directly observing and recording behaviors or events, while data refers to information collected through various sources, including surveys, experiments, and other forms of data collection.
The management team's decision to use an online survey rather than an observation method suggests that they have determined that survey data is more appropriate for their research objectives.
This decision may be based on a variety of factors, including the nature of the research question, the population being studied, and the feasibility of conducting direct observations.
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Explain why European great powers Germany and Austria did not pursue diplomatic solutions in 1914. What did they each hope to gain through war? [I picked on Germany because it invaded Belgium/France, neither of which had declared war at the time, and because it - like Austria - was acting rather than reacting]
In 1914, the European great powers of Germany and Austria did not pursue diplomatic solutions due to a combination of factors, including nationalism, militarism, and political alliances. Both countries hoped to gain territorial expansion and increased influence in the region through war.
Germany, under the leadership of Kaiser Wilhelm II, sought to assert its dominance in Europe and challenge the balance of power held by the United Kingdom, France, and Russia. By invading Belgium and France, Germany hoped to swiftly defeat France and then turn its attention to Russia, as per the Schlieffen Plan.
This aggressive strategy aimed to minimize the risk of a two-front war and assert German dominance in Europe. Austria, on the other hand, aimed to assert its influence in the Balkans and maintain its status as a major European power.
The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand by a Serbian nationalist provided Austria with an opportunity to punish Serbia and demonstrate its strength. However, diplomatic solutions were not pursued as Austria believed a swift military response was necessary to deter further threats and maintain its authority.
In conclusion, the European great powers Germany and Austria chose not to pursue diplomatic solutions in 1914 due to their desire for territorial expansion, increased influence, and the assertion of their power in Europe. Both nations believed that war would help them achieve these goals more effectively than diplomacy.
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Consider a five-year bond with 12% annual coupon (paid semi-annually). Suppose the yield on the bond is 9% per year with continuous compounding. What is the duration of the bond (in years)? (required precision: 0.01 +/- 0.02)
The bond lasts for approximately 0.64 years, with a +/- 0.02 year accuracy.
To calculate the duration of the bond, we need to use the formula:
Duration = (PV of cash flows * Time of cash flows) / Present value of the bond
First, we need to calculate the present value of the bond. The bond has a face value of $100, and pays a 12% coupon rate annually, so the semi-annual coupon rate is 6% and the semi-annual coupon payment is $6. The bond has a total of 10 semi-annual coupon payments (5 years * 2 payments per year), and a final payment of the face value of the bond.
Using the formula for the present value of an annuity, we can calculate the present value of the semi-annual coupon payments:
PV of coupons = ($6 / 0.09) * (1 - (1 / (1 + 0.09/2)^10)) = $47.264
Using the formula for the present value of a single amount, we can calculate the present value of the face value payment:
PV of face value = $100 / (1 + 0.09/2)^10 = $54.572
Therefore, the present value of the bond is:
PV of bond = PV of coupons + PV of face value = $101.836
Next, we need to calculate the PV of each cash flow multiplied by the time of the cash flow. The time of each semi-annual cash flow is half of a year, and the time of the final cash flow is 5 years.
PV of semi-annual coupon payments * time = ($6 / 0.09) * (1 - (1 / (1 + 0.09/2)^10)) * (0.5) = $23.632
PV of face value payment * time = $100 * 5 / (1 + 0.09/2)^10 = $42.789
Finally, we can calculate the duration of the bond:
Duration = (PV of semi-annual coupon payments * time + PV of face value payment * time) / Present value of the bond
Duration = ($23.632 + $42.789) / $101.836 = 0.6423 years
Therefore, the duration of the bond is approximately 0.64 years, with a precision of +/- 0.02 years.
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Relative to a monopoly charging a single price to all consumers, perfect price discrimination producer surplus and consumer surplus. A. increases; decreases B. increases; increases C. decreases; decreases D. decreases; increases
Perfect price discrimination occurs when a firm charges each consumer the maximum price they are willing to pay, resulting in no consumer surplus. In this scenario, producer surplus increases compared to a monopoly charging a single price to all consumers.
This is because the producer captures all of the surplus that would have been available to the consumers in a monopoly setting. Therefore, the correct answer is (A) increases; decreases.
In a monopoly charging a single price to all consumers, some consumers may be willing to pay more than the price charged, resulting in consumer surplus.
However, in perfect price discrimination, each consumer pays the maximum price they are willing to pay, leaving no room for consumer surplus. Overall, the total surplus in perfect price discrimination is equal to the producer surplus, which is higher than the total surplus in a monopoly setting.
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Dorex Manufacturing builds an ERP system to streamline its business activities. After being tested, the company implements the system only in the procurement department. This is an example of _____ installation OA) plunge B) parallel C) pilot D) phased
Dorex Manufacturing builds an ERP system to streamline its business activities. After being tested, the company implements the system only in the procurement department. This is an example pilot installation
The scenario described is an example of a pilot installation, where a new system is implemented in a limited area of the organization to test its functionality and effectiveness. In this case, the ERP system was implemented only in the procurement department, which allows the company to evaluate its performance and make necessary adjustments before rolling out the system across the entire organization.
Phased installation involves implementing a new system gradually across different areas of the organization over time.
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The example given in the question is an example of pilot installation. The correct option is c
Pilot installation is a type of installation approach where a new system is implemented in one or more departments or locations of an organization on a trial basis. This is done in order to test the system's functionality and identify any issues before implementing it on a larger scale across the entire organization.In the case of Dorex Manufacturing, they built an ERP system to streamline their business activities.
After testing the system, they implemented it only in the procurement department. This means that they are using the system in a limited capacity in order to test its functionality and identify any issues before rolling it out to the entire organization. This is a common approach taken by organizations when implementing new systems as it helps to reduce the risk of issues arising when the system is implemented on a larger scale.
Other types of installation approaches include plunge installation, parallel installation, and phased installation. Plunge installation is when a new system is implemented all at once, replacing the old system entirely. Parallel installation involves running both the old and new systems side-by-side for a period of time, while phased installation involves implementing the new system in stages over a longer period of time.The correct option is c
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