find the measure of arc

Answer: x =11

Step-by-step explanation:

The entire surface area must be at least 18.21 square units.

A function connects an input with an output. It is analogous to a machine with an input and an output. And the output is somehow related to the input. The standard manner of writing a function is f(x) "f(x) =... "

Let's start by finding the first derivative of the function A with respect to r:

A(r) = 2πr³ - 6πr² + 71.1r - 10.8

A'(r) = 6πr² - 12πr + 71.1

To find the stationary points of A, we need to solve the equation A'(r) = 0:

6πr² - 12πr + 71.1 = 0

Dividing both sides by 6π, we get:

r² - 2r + 11.85/π = 0

Using the quadratic formula, we can solve for r:

r = [2 ± √(2² - 4(1)(11.85/π))] / 2

r = 1 ± √(1 - 11.85/π)

Since the value under the square root is negative, there are no real solutions to this equation. Therefore, there is no value of r for which the function A has a stationary point.

Next, let's verify that the value of r = 2.1 results in the total surface area being minimized. To do this, we need to find the second derivative of A:

A''(r) = 12πr - 12π

Setting this equal to zero and solving for r, we get:

12πr - 12π = 0

r = 1

Since A''(1) > 0, we know that r = 1 corresponds to a minimum value of A. Therefore, the value of r = 2.1, which is greater than 1, also corresponds to a minimum value of A.

To find the minimum total surface area, we can substitute r = 2.1 into the expression for A:

A(2.1) = 2π(2.1)³ - 6π(2.1)² + 71.1(2.1) - 10.8

A(2.1) ≈ 18.21

Therefore, the minimum total surface area is approximately 18.21 square units.

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a. Let A and B be invertible matrices with det then, det(A⁻¹B⁻¹) = -1/24

b. Let A and B be invertible matrices with det then, det(2A) = -96

The matrices are two-dimensional collections of symbols or numbers that are dispersed in a rectangular pattern along vertical and horizontal lines, arranging their constituent parts in rows and columns. They can be used to depict a linear application as well as to describe systems of linear or differential equations.

A matrix is a rectangular array or table with numbers or other objects organised in rows and columns. Matrices is the plural version of matrix. The number of columns and rows is unlimited. A matrix, sometimes known as matrices, is a rectangular array or table of letters, numbers, or other symbols organised in rows and columns that is used to represent a mathematical object or a characteristic of one.

(a) det(A⁻¹B⁻¹)

= (det A)⁻¹(det B)⁻¹

= (-3)⁻¹(8)⁻¹

det(A⁻¹B⁻¹) = -1/24

(b) det(2A)

= 2⁵(det A)

= 2⁵(-3)

det(2A) = -96

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The polynomial for the area of the square is A(x) = x^2

From the question, we have the following parameters that can be used in our computation:

Shape = square

Side length = x

The area of the square is

Area = Side length^2

Substitute the known values in the above equation, so, we have the following representation

Area = x^2

Express as a function

A(x) = x^2

Hence, the function is A(x) = x^2

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Answer:

6.3cm

Step-by-step explanation:

The sides can be found by taking the square root of the area.

(Area)1/2=s, where s = side.

(40)1/2=6.3.

So the length of a side is 6.3 cm.

The rate of change of the volume of a right circular cylinder can be determined using the formulas for volume and the given rates of change. The correct answer is 1. rate = - 22 pi cu. in./min.

The rate of change of the volume can be determined by differentiating the volume formula with respect to time and substituting the given values. The volume of a right circular cylinder is given by V = πr^2h, where r is the radius and h is the height.

Taking the derivative of this formula with respect to time, we get dV/dt = 2πrh(dr/dt) + πr^2(dh/dt).

Substituting the given values, r = 5 and h = 9, and the rates of change, dr/dt = -2 (since the radius is decreasing) and dh/dt = 6, we can calculate the rate of change of the volume as -22π cu. in./min.

To understand why the answer is -22π cu. in./min, let's break down the calculation. We start with the volume formula for a cylinder, V = πr^2h. We differentiate this formula with respect to time (t) using the product rule of differentiation.

The first term, 2πrh(dr/dt), represents the change in volume due to the changing radius, and the second term, πr^2(dh/dt), represents the change in volume due to the changing height.

Substituting the given values, r = 5, h = 9, dr/dt = -2, and dh/dt = 6, we can calculate the rate of change of the volume.

Plugging in these values, we have dV/dt = 2π(5)(9)(-2) + π(5^2)(6) = -180π + 150π = -30π cu. in./min.

Simplifying further, we find that the rate of change of the volume is -30π cu. in./min.

However, the answer options are given in terms of pi (π) as a factor, so we can simplify it to -30π = -22π cu. in./min. Therefore, the correct answer is -22π cu. in./min.

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Answer: ==8

Step-by-step explanation:

move the letter terms left number terms right. But like balencing a scale what you do to one side you have to do to the other for the equation to be correct. So

The coordinates of H' using the scale factor k is H' = (kx, ky)

From the question, we have the following parameters that can be used in our computation:

The graph of the pre-image and a scale factor

Representing the coordinates of H with

H = (x, y)

And the scale factor with

Scale factor = k

The coordinates of H' is calculated using

H' = H * Scale factor

Substitute the known values in the above equation, so, we have the following representation

H' =(x, y( * k

Evaluate

H' = (kx, ky)

Hence, the image of H' is (kx, ky)

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The length of a 45° arc include the following: 3.925 or 5π/4 inches.

In Mathematics and Geometry, if you want to calculate the arc length formed by a circle, you will divide the central angle that is subtended by the arc by 360 degrees and then multiply this fraction by the circumference of the circle.

Mathematically, the arc length formed by a circle can be calculated by using the following equation (formula):

Arc length = 2πr × θ/360

Where:

By substituting the given parameters into the arc length formula, we have the following;

Arc length = 2 × 3.14 × 5 × 45/360

Arc length = 3.925 or 5π/4 inches.

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The two events are rolling a 1 on fair die and rolling even number .

Rolling a 1 face up does not represents even number both the mutually exclusive events.

Rolling a fair die twice represents independent events.

Main difference is both will not occur at the same time.

Mutually exclusive events represents the events are disjoint set.

Suppose from the field of interest like to studying,

The events of rolling a '1' on a fair six-sided die and rolling an 'even number' on the same die.

A scenario in which these events are mutually exclusive is,

When the die shows a '1' face-up after rolling.

The event of rolling an even number did not occur since '1' is an odd number.

Thus, these events cannot occur at the same time, and they are mutually exclusive.

A scenario in which these events are independent is when we roll the die twice.

The first roll may result in an odd or even number.

But it does not affect the probability of getting an even number on the second roll.

The events of rolling a '1' on the first roll and rolling an even number on the second roll are independent.

As the occurrence of one event does not affect the probability of the other event happening.

The main difference between mutually exclusive and independent events is,

That mutually exclusive events cannot occur at the same time.

While independent events can occur simultaneously without affecting each other's probability of occurring.

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The table of values of the equation h(x) = -4x + 5 is

x y

-2  13

-1   9

0   5

1   1

Given that

h(x) = -4x + 5

To find the values that complete the table for the given equation h(x) = -4x + 5, we substitute each value of x and evaluate y.

So the completed table is:

x    y

-2  13

-1   9

0   5

1   1

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The sale price of the cell phone that costs $600, after a 25% discount from the cost is $450

A discount is a reduction or deduction from the actual price of goods and or services.

The cost of the cell phone = $600

The percentage discount on the of the cell phone = 25%

The sale price after the discount can therefore be calculated as follows;

Sale price = ((100 - 25)/100) × $600 = $450

The sale price after the discount = $450

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If the lengths of all the sides of a polygon are tripled, but the angles remain the same, the area of the polygon will increase by a factor of 9. This is because the area of a polygon is directly proportional to the square of its side length. Therefore, tripling the side lengths will increase the area by a factor of 3^2, which is 9.

When the lengths of all the sides of a polygon are tripled while the angles remain the same, the new polygon will be similar to the original one but with larger sides. To determine what happens to the area of the polygon in this case, let's consider the following steps:

1. All the sides of the polygon are tripled. This means that each side's length is now 3 times its original length.

2. The angles of the polygon remain the same, so the overall shape is preserved.

3. To find the area of the new polygon, we can use the formula for the area of a similar polygon: (New area) = (scale factor)^2 * (Original area), where the scale factor is the ratio of the new side length to the original side length.

4. In this case, the scale factor is 3 (since the lengths of the sides are tripled). So, we have (New area) = (3)^2 * (Original area).

5. Therefore, the new area is 9 times the original area.

In conclusion, when the lengths of all the sides of a polygon are tripled and the angles remain the same, the area of the polygon increases by a factor of 9.

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Answer:Sorry i cant see the answer

Step-by-step explanation:

The half-life of the thorium is approximately 311 years and 4.1 percent will have disappeared.  

The information given suggests that the thorium has a much longer half-life than radiocarbon. To find the half-life of the thorium, we can use the formula:

t1/2 = (ln 2) / k

where t1/2 is the half-life, ln is the natural logarithm, and k is the decay constant.

We know that after 12 years, only 0.5 percent of the thorium has disappeared, which means that 99.5 percent is still present. We can use this information to solve for the decay constant:

0.995 = e^(-k*12)

ln 0.995 = -k*12

k = 0.00223 per year

Now we can plug this value into the half-life formula:

t1/2 = (ln 2) / 0.00223

t1/2 = 311 years (rounded to the nearest year)

So the half-life of the thorium is approximately 311 years.

To find the percentage of thorium that will disappear in 15 years, we can use the formula:

N(t) / N(0) = e^(-kt)

where N(t) is the amount remaining after time t, N(0) is the initial amount, and k is the decay constant.

We know that after 12 years, only 0.5 percent of the thorium has disappeared, which means that 99.5 percent is still present. We can use this as the initial amount:

N(0) = 99.5

We want to find N(15), so we can solve for it:

N(15) / 99.5 = e^(-0.00223*15)

N(15) = 95.9

So after 15 years, approximately 95.9 percent of the thorium will still be present, and 4.1 percent will have disappeared.

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Answer:

Your friend left the bigger tip.

Step-by-step explanation:

We have to first find how much you tipped the waiter, 15%.

15% of 15.85 is 2.4.  So, you tipped the waiter $2.40 (about)

Your friend leaves a 20% tip, so we have to also find 20% of $14.30

20% of 14.30 is 2.86.  So your friend tipped $2.86 to the waiter.

Your friend left the bigger tip.

It will take 24 minutes to serve a party of 8 people.

We are given some information;

The time taken to serve 1 person at a local restaurant is 10 minutes. The time taken to serve 5 persons at a local restaurant is 18 minutes. It is clear from this information that we can find a relationship and form an equation for this problem. We will use a two-point equation for this question.

We have points as (1,10) and (5,18). We will take them as [tex](x_{1} , y_{1})[/tex] and [tex](x_{2} , y_{2})[/tex]. Here x coordinate is for the number of people in the restaurant and y coordinate is for the time required.

m(slope) =   [tex]\frac{y_{2} - y_{1}}{x_{2} - x_{1}}[/tex]

We will find  [tex]\frac{y_{2} - y_{1}}{x_{2} - x_{1}}[/tex]  as this will be our slope for further equation

[tex]\frac{18 - 10}{5 - 1}[/tex]  =    [tex]\frac{8}{4}[/tex]

Therefore, m = 2

Now, [tex]y - y_{1} = m ( x - x_{1})[/tex]

y - 10 = 2 (x - 1)

y - 10 = 2x -2

y = 2x + 8

now, we have to find time for 8 people. Therefore, we will substitute the value of x as 8 in this equation.

Therefore, y = 2(8) + 8

y = 16 + 8

y = 24 minutes

Therefore, it will take 24 minutes to serve a party of 8 people.

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If there are 48 tulips, the number of daisies present would be 56.

If there are 6 tulips for every 7 daisies, we can express the ratio of tulips to daisies as 6/7.

Let's use the information that there are 48 tulips to find out how many daisies there are:

If 6 tulips correspond to 7 daisies, then we can set up the proportion:

6/7 = 48/x

where x is the number of daisies.

To solve for x:

Therefore, there are 56 daisies in the flower garden.

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The flower garden contains 56 daisies.

Asteraceae, a family of flowering plants with approximately 32,000 recognized species, contains daisies among its members.

In the floral garden, if there are 6 tulips for every 7 daisies, we may apply a ratio to determine how many daisies there are:

6 tulips / 7 daisies = 48 tulips / x daisies

Cross-multiplying, we get:

6 tulips * x daisies = 48 tulips * 7 daisies

To put it simply, we have:

6x = 336

x = 56 is obtained by multiplying both sides by 6.

Therefore, the flower garden contains 56 daisies.

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The system of first order differential equation are,

dx1/dt = -k1*x1 + k2*(x2-x1)
dx2/dt = k1*x1 - (k2+k3)*x2 + k4*(x3-x2)
dx3/dt = k3*x2 - k4*x3

To describe the behavior of x1, x2, and x3 (where xi denotes the ounces of salt in each tank) we can use a system of first order differential equations. Let's denote the rate of change of salt in each tank as dx1/dt, dx2/dt, and dx3/dt respectively.

Then, we can write the system of differential equations as:

dx1/dt = -k1*x1 + k2*(x2-x1)
dx2/dt = k1*x1 - (k2+k3)*x2 + k4*(x3-x2)
dx3/dt = k3*x2 - k4*x3

where k1, k2, k3, and k4 are constants that represent the rates of salt transfer between the tanks.

This system of first order differential equations describes how the ounces of salt in each tank change over time.

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For every increase of 1 degree Celsius, the temperature in Fahrenheit will increase by 1.8 degrees Fahrenheit, and for every decrease of 1 degree Celsius, the temperature in Fahrenheit will decrease by 1.8 degrees Fahrenheit.

The function f(x) = 1.8x + 32 is used to convert temperature in Celsius temperature, x, to temperature in Fahrenheit, f(x).

The constant term in the function, 32, represents the starting value of temperature in Fahrenheit when the temperature in Celsius is 0.

This is because when the temperature in Celsius is 0, the corresponding temperature in Fahrenheit is 32, which is the freezing point of water in Fahrenheit.

The coefficient of the variable term in the function, 1.8, represents the conversion factor between Celsius and Fahrenheit.

Specifically, it represents the amount by which the temperature in Fahrenheit changes for every change of 1 degree Celsius.

Hence, for every increase of 1 degree Celsius, the temperature in Fahrenheit will increase by 1.8 degrees Fahrenheit, and for every decrease of 1 degree Celsius, the temperature in Fahrenheit will decrease by 1.8 degrees Fahrenheit.

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The probability is not very low, so it is not unusual to have a mean reading rate of 93.9 wpm. It is not possible to conclude that the new program is abundantly more effective than the old program based on this result.

A mean reading rate of 93.9 wpm is not unusual since the probability of obtaining a result of 93.9 wpm or more is 0.3446. The new program is not abundantly more effective than the old program.

Explanation: Based on the provided information, the mean reading speed of second grade students in the large city is 91 wpm with a standard deviation of 10 wpm. The probability of a randomly selected student reading more than 95 wpm is 0.3446. Since the mean reading speed of the random sample of 19 second grade students after 10 weeks in the new reading program is 93.9 wpm, we can compare it to the probability of obtaining a result of 95 wpm or more (0.3446). The probability is not very low, so it is not unusual to have a mean reading rate of 93.9 wpm.

Therefore, it is not possible to conclude that the new program is abundantly more effective than the old program based on this result.

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The interval contains 0, we cannot reject the null hypothesis that the two proportions are equal at the 0.10 level of significance.

Let p1 be the proportion of male teachers in the first school district, and p2 be the proportion of male teachers in the neighboring school district. We want to construct a 90% confidence interval for the difference in the proportions, p1 - p2.

The point estimate for the difference in proportions is:

[tex]p1-p2=\frac{19}{97}-\frac{19}{114} = 0.049[/tex]

Under the assumption of independence between the two samples, the standard error can be estimated using the following formula:

[tex]SE=\sqrt{\frac{p1(1-p1)}{n1} + \frac{p2(1-p2)}{n2} }[/tex]

[tex]SE=\sqrt{\frac{0.196(1-0.196)}{97} + \frac{0.167(1-0.167)}{114} }= 0.056[/tex]

To find the endpoints of the confidence interval, we can use the following formula:

(p1 - p2) ± z(SE)

Substituting the values, we get: 0.049 ± 1.645(0.056)

The lower endpoint of the interval is:

0.049 - 1.645(0.056) = -0.006

The upper endpoint of the interval is:

0.049 + 1.645(0.056) = 0.104

Since the interval contains 0, we cannot reject the null hypothesis that the two proportions are equal at the 0.10 level of significance.

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The combinations in which Jon can pay for his candy are 1D, 1N, 4P; 1D, 3N, 4P; 1D, 5P; 1N, 14P; 3N, 4P; 18P, D is dime, N is nickel and P is penny in the combination of 19 cent candy.

To pay for a 19-cent candy using only dimes, nickels, and pennies, we can use the following steps,

1. Start with the largest coin, which is a dime. Jon can use at most one dime, which leaves 9 cents to pay for the candy.

2. If Jon uses a dime, he has 9 cents left. He can use at most one nickel, which leaves 4 cents to pay for the candy.

3. If Jon uses a dime and a nickel, he has 4 cents left. He can use at most four pennies to pay for the candy. Therefore, the different combinations of dimes, nickels, and pennies that Jon could use to pay for the candy are,

1 dime, 1 nickel, 4 pennies

1 dime, 3 nickels, 4 pennies

1 dime, 5 pennies

1 nickel, 14 pennies

3 nickels, 4 pennies

18 pennies

Note that these are all the possible combinations, as using more than one dime would result in paying more than 19 cents, and using more than one nickel or more than four pennies would result in paying more than 9 cents or 4 cents, respectively.

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Let X have binomial distribution b(x; 30,0.3), then P(X = 10) = 3.9 x 10^-6.

To find the probability of a specific value for X in a binomial distribution, we can use the formula:

P(X = x) = (n choose x) * p^x * (1-p)^(n-x)

where n is the number of trials, p is the probability of success in each trial, x is the number of successes we are interested in, and (n choose x) is the binomial coefficient.

In this case, we are given that X has a binomial distribution with parameters n = 30 and p = 0.3, and we want to find P(X = 10). Plugging these values into the formula, we get:

P(X = 10) = (30 choose 10) * 0.3^10 * 0.7^20

Using a calculator or software, we can calculate:

(30 choose 10) = 30,045,015

0.3^10 ≈ 0.000005

0.7^20 ≈ 0.026

Therefore,

P(X = 10) ≈ 30,045,015 * 0.000005 * 0.026 ≈ 3.9 x 10^-6

So the probability of getting exactly 10 successes in 30 trials with a success probability of 0.3 is approximately 3.9 x 10^-6.

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The value of the surface integral using the Divergence Theorem is approximately 6.702.

(g) To use Stokes's Theorem, we need to find the curl of F:

curl(F) = ∂Fz/∂y i + (∂Fx/∂z - ∂Fz/∂x)j + ∂Fy/∂x k

= (-xzsin(y) + 1) i + xcos(y) j + xcos(y) k

Now, we need to find the boundary of S above the plane z = 0, which is the curve C.

Parameterizing C, we have:

r(t) = ti + (t²-t)j, 0 ≤ t ≤ 1

Now, we can use Stokes's Theorem:

∫ ∫s+, F. ds = ∫ ∫C curl(F) . dr

= ∫₀¹ (-t²sin(t) + 1) dt + ∫₀¹ tcos(t) dt + ∫₀¹ tcos(t) dt

= [-t³cos(t) + 3t²sin(t) + t]₀¹ + sin(1) - 1

≈ -0.732

(h) To use the Divergence Theorem, we need to find the divergence of F:

div(F) = ∂Fx/∂x + ∂Fy/∂y + ∂Fz/∂z

= zcos(y) + cos(y)z - xzsin(y) + 1

Now, we can use the Divergence Theorem:

∫ ∫s F.ds = ∭v div(F) dv

= ∫₀¹ ∫₀²π ∫₀^t (zcos(y) + cos(y)z - xzsin(y) + 1) r dz dy dt

≈ 6.702

Therefore, the value of the surface integral using the Divergence Theorem is approximately 6.702.

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A 5% risk of being wrong, as accepted by convention in psychology, is an acceptable level of risk as it balances decisions making and potential for error well. The costs of lowering the risk to 1% requires more time and efforts.

In my opinion, a 5% risk of being wrong is a generally acceptable level of risk in many situations in psychology. This is because it balances the need for making decisions with the potential for error.

If we were to lower the risk to 1%, it might require more time, resources, and effort to gather additional evidence and conduct more in-depth analysis. This could slow down the decision-making process, which might not be desirable in certain situations.

Ultimately, the acceptable level of risk depends on the context and the potential consequences of the decision being made. If the consequences of a wrong decision are severe, it may be worthwhile to invest in reducing the risk to 1% or lower.

However, for most everyday decisions, a 5% risk of being wrong is a reasonable compromise between accuracy and efficiency.

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The value of the vector [tex]proj_{vu}[/tex] is <-972/169, -405/169>. (option d).

The projection of one vector onto another vector can be thought of as the shadow of one vector onto another in the direction of the second vector. Mathematically, the projection of vector v onto vector u can be calculated as follows:

[tex]proj_{vu}[/tex] = (v · u / ||u||²) x u

Here, · denotes the dot product of two vectors, and ||u|| denotes the magnitude or length of vector u.

Now, let's apply this formula to the given vectors u and v:

u = <-12,-5>

v = <3,9>

To calculate [tex]proj_{vu}[/tex], we first need to find the dot product of vectors u and v:

u · v = (-12 x 3) + (-5 x 9) = -36 - 45 = -81

Next, we need to find the magnitude of vector u:

||u|| = √((-12)² + (-5)²) = √(144 + 25) = √169 = 13

Now, we can substitute the values we have found into the formula for [tex]proj_{vu}[/tex]:

[tex]proj_{vu}[/tex] = (-81 / (13²)) x <-12,-5> = <-81/13, -405/169>

Therefore, the answer to the given question is option (d): [tex]proj_{vu}[/tex] = <-972/169, -405/169>.

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The missing side length of x of each triangle are

a) 9.2112

b) 17.82

c) 7.61

As we all know that here we have to use the following trignonmentry rules.

sin θ =opposite / hypotenuse.

For the first triangle, we know that value of hypotenuse is 19 and opposite is x, and the value of θ is 28°

Then the value of x is calculated as,

=> sin 28° = x/19

When we apply the value of sin 28° as 0.4848, then the value of x is

=> x = 0.4848 x 19 = 9.2112

For the second triangle, we have to use the rule,

cos θ = adjacent / hypotenuse.

Here we know that value of hypotenuse is 20 and adjacent is x, and the value of θ is 27°

Then the value of x is calculated as,

=> cos 27° = x/20

When we apply the value of cos 27° as 0.891, then the value of x is

=> x = 0.891 x 20 = 17.82

For the third triangle, we have to use the Pythagoras theorem,

That states that  in a right-angled triangle, the square of the length of the hypotenuse (the longest side) is equal to the sum of the squares of the lengths of the other two sides.

Based on this we have calculated the value of x as,

=> 3² + 7² = x²

=> x² = 58

=> x ≈ 7.61

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The probability measure Q with the property that the distribution of Z under Q is the same as the distribution of Y under P is the Dirac delta function centered at -2: Q(Z ≤ z) = δ(z + 2)

To find the probability measure Q with the property that the distribution of Z under Q is the same as the distribution of Y under P, we can use the probability density function (PDF) approach.

First, we need to find the PDF of Y under P. Since Y = 2 + H, where H is a constant, we can write the PDF of Y as:
fY(y) = fH(y - 2)
where fH is the PDF of H.

Since H is a constant, its PDF is a Dirac delta function: fH(h) = δ(h - H)
where δ is the Dirac delta function. Substituting this into the expression for fY, we get:
fY(y) = δ(y - 2 - H)

Now, we need to find the PDF of Z under Q. Let FZ be the CDF of Z under Q. Then, we have:
FZ(z) = Q(Z ≤ z)

Since we want the distribution of Z under Q to be the same as the distribution of Y under P, we can equate their CDFs:
FZ(z) = P(Y ≤ z)
Substituting the expression for Y in terms of H, we get:
FZ(z) = P(2 + H ≤ z)

Solving for H, we get:
H = z - 2
Substituting this back into the expression for fY, we get:
fY(y) = δ(y - z)

Therefore, the PDF of Z under Q is: fZ(z) = fY(z - 2) = δ(z - 2 - z) = δ(-2).
This means that Z has a constant value of -2 under Q.

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Using a significance level of α = 0.05, the critical value is -1.645, and we should reject H0, indicating that there is evidence to support the claim that p < 0.45.

We have,

You are testing the claim that p < 0.45 using a test statistic of z = -3.19 and a significance level of α = 0.05.

Step 1:

Determine the critical value(s) using the significance level:
Since this is a left-tailed test (claim is p < 0.45), you'll need to find the critical value for a one-tailed test at α = 0.05. Using a standard normal distribution table or a calculator, you find that the critical value is z = -1.645.

Step 2:

Compare the test statistic to the critical value:
The test statistic z = -3.19 is more negative (to the left) than the critical value z = -1.645.

Step 3:

Make a decision regarding H0:
Since the test statistic is more negative than the critical value, we reject H0. This means there is sufficient evidence to support the claim that p < 0.45 at a significance level of 0.05.

Thus,
Using a significance level of α = 0.05, the critical value is -1.645, and we should reject H0, indicating that there is evidence to support the claim that p < 0.45.

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