For each of the processes, determine whether the entropy of the system is increasing or decreasing. The system is underlined.
1. a snowman melts on a spring day
2. a document goes through a paper shredder
3. a water bottle cools down in a refrigerator
4. silver tarnishes
5. dissolved sigar precipitates out of water to form rock candy
A. Entropy is increasing
B. Entropy is decreasing

Answer:

DE2

Explanation: for every one D+2 you need two E-1 because +2=-2

Answer:

The pressure the gas will have if the pressure is initially 1.50 atm at 22.0 ° C and the temperature changes at 11.0 ° C is 1.44 atm (option D)

Explanation:

Gay Lussac's law indicates that, as long as the volume of the container containing the gas is constant, as the temperature increases, the gas molecules move more rapidly. Then the number of collisions against the walls increases, that is, the pressure increases. That is, the gas pressure is directly proportional to its temperature.

Gay-Lussac's law can be expressed mathematically as follows:

[tex]\frac{P}{T}=k[/tex]

Where P = pressure, T = temperature, K = Constant

You have a gas that is at a pressure P1 and at a temperature T1. When the temperature varies to a new T2 value, then the pressure will change to P2, and then:

[tex]\frac{P1}{T1}=\frac{P2}{T2}[/tex]

In this case:

Replacing:

[tex]\frac{1.5 atm}{295 K}=\frac{P2}{284 K}[/tex]

Solving:

[tex]P2= 284 K*\frac{1.5 atm}{295 K}[/tex]

P2=1.44 atm

The pressure the gas will have if the pressure is initially 1.50 atm at 22.0 ° C and the temperature changes at 11.0 ° C is 1.44 atm (option D)

Answer:

[tex][OH^-]=0.01165M[/tex]

Explanation:

Hello,

In this case, for the dissociation of methylamine:

[tex]CH_3NH_2(aq)+H_2O(l)\rightleftharpoons CH_3NH_3^+(aq)+OH^-(aq)[/tex]

We can write the basic dissociation constant as:

[tex]Kb=\frac{[CH_3NH_3^+][OH^-]}{[CH_3NH_2]}[/tex]

That in terms of the reaction extent [tex]x[/tex], turns out:

[tex]Kb=\frac{x*x}{[CH_3NH_2]_0-x}[/tex]

[tex]4.4x10^{-4}=\frac{x^2}{0.32M-x}[/tex]

That has the following solution for [tex]x[/tex]:

[tex]x_1=-0.01209M\\x_2=0.01165M[/tex]

Yer 0.01165M is valid only as no negative concentrations are eligible. It means that it is the concentration of hydroxyl ions in the solution:

[tex][OH^-]=0.01165M[/tex]

Best regards.

Answer

Hello

I think the reaction is like this FeO+OFe²O³

And the balance reaction is 2Fe+OFe²O³

Explanation:

At first we should find sth that has more atoms than the other then for example we realized that we have two atoms of Fe in Fe²O³ then put 2 before FeO and now we have 2 atoms of Fe in right side and 2 atoms of Fe in left then Oxygen in FeO change to 2 atoms of Oxygen and we have an other one in right side that they become 3 atoms of Oxygen and now we have 3 atoms of Oxygen in both right and left side.

Finally our reaction balanced.

Good luck

Answer:   3.87M  of HI remains after 27.3 s

Explanation:

Using the Second order decomposition equation of

1/[H]t =K x t +1/[A]o

Given initial concentration ,[A]o = 4.78M

time, t = 27.3 s

rate of constant , k= 1.80 x 10^-3 M-1s-1

1/[H] t= 1/[A] t= concentration after time, t=?

SOLUTION

1/[A] t =kt +1/[A]o

1/[A] t =(1.80 x 10^-3 (27.3)+1/4.78

0.04914+0.2092=0.2583

1/[A] t =0.2583

[A] t =1/0.2583= 3.87M

Answer:

How the chemical reacts

Explanation:

Answer:

[tex]HCN~~Ka=4.9x10^-^1^0[/tex]

Explanation:

In this case, we have to remember the relationship between the Ka value and the pH. We can use the general reaction for any acid with his Ka value expression:

[tex]HA~->~H^+~+~A^-[/tex]    [tex]Ka=\frac{[H^+][A^-]}{[HA]}[/tex]

In the Ka expression, we have a proportional relationship between Ka and the concentration of [tex]H^+[/tex]. Therefore, if we have a higher Ka value we will have a smaller pH (lets keep in mind that with a higher

So, if we have to find the higher pH value we need to search the smaller Ka value in this case [tex]HCN~~Ka=4.9x10^-^1^0[/tex].

I hope helps!

HCN has the highest pH among all the acids listed in the question.

The Ka is called the acid dissociation constant. It shows the extent to which an acid is ionized in water. The pH shows the hydrogen ion concentration of water. The higher the Ka, the higher the hydrogen ion concentration and the lower the pH.

Hence, HCN has the lowest Ka and the lowest hydrogen ion concentration. Therefore, HCN has the highest pH among all the acids listed in the question.

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Answer:

The answers to your questions are given below

Explanation:

The following data were obtained from the question:

CH3COOH → CH3C00^- + H^+

Equilibrium constant, Ka = 1.8 x 10^-5

AgCl → Ag^+ + Cl^-

Equilibrium constant, Ksp = 1.6 x 10^-10

Al(OH)3 → Al^3+ + 3OH^-

Equilibrium constant, Ksp = 3.7 x 10^-15

A+B → C

Equilibrium constant, K = 4.9 x 10^3

When the value of the equilibrium constant is grater than 1, it shows that the concentration of product is higher than that of the reactant and it implies that the forward reaction is favored.

When the value of the equilibrium constant is 1, it shows that the the concentration of the product and reactant are the same. Therefore neither the forward nor the reverse reaction is favored.

When the value of the equilibrium constant is lesser than 1, it shows that the concentration of the reactant is higher than the concentration of the product. Therefore, the reversed reaction is favored.

Now, we shall the question given above as follow:

A. CH3COOH → CH3C00^- + H^+

Equilibrium constant, Ka = 1.8 x 10^-5

Since the value of the equilibrium constant is lesser than 1, it means that the reverse reaction is favored.

B. AgCl → Ag^+ + Cl^-

Equilibrium constant, Ksp = 1.6 x 10^-10

Since the value of the equilibrium constant is lesser than 1, it means that the reverse reaction is favored.

C. Al(OH)3 → Al^3+ + 3OH^-

Equilibrium constant, Ksp = 3.7 x 10^-15

Since the value of the equilibrium constant is lesser than 1, it means that the reverse reaction is favored.

D. A+B → C

Equilibrium constant, K = 4.9 x 10^3

Since the value of the equilibrium constant is greater than 1, it means that the forward reaction is favored.

The reaction conditions are:

A. The reverse reaction is favored.

B. The reverse reaction is favored.

C. The reverse reaction is favored.

D. The forward reaction is favored.

Chemical reaction:

A. [tex]CH_3COOH[/tex] → [tex]CH_3COO^- + H^+[/tex]

Equilibrium constant, Ka = [tex]1.8 * 10^{-5}[/tex]

B. [tex]AgCl[/tex] → [tex]Ag^+ + Cl^-[/tex]

Equilibrium constant, Ksp = [tex]1.6 * 10^{-10}[/tex]

C. [tex]Al(OH)_3[/tex] → [tex]Al^{3+} + 3OH^-[/tex]

Equilibrium constant, Ksp = [tex]3.7 * 10^{-15}[/tex]

D. A+B → C

Equilibrium constant, K = [tex]4.9 * 10^3[/tex]

When the value of the equilibrium constant is greater than 1, it shows that the concentration of product is higher than that of the reactant and it implies that the forward reaction is favored.

When the value of the equilibrium constant is 1, it shows that the the concentration of the product and reactant are the same. Therefore neither the forward nor the reverse reaction is favored.

When the value of the equilibrium constant is lesser than 1, it shows that the concentration of the reactant is higher than the concentration of the product. Therefore, the reversed reaction is favored.

Thus, the reactions will be:

A. The reverse reaction is favored.

B. The reverse reaction is favored.

C. The reverse reaction is favored.

D. The forward reaction is favored.

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Answer:

E. Q < K and reaction shifts right

Explanation:

Step 1: Write the balanced equation

A(s) + 3 B(l) ⇄ 2(aq) + D(aq)

Step 2: Calculate the reaction quotient (Q)

The reaction quotient, as the equilibrium constant (K), only includes aqueous and gaseous species.

Q = [C]² × [D]

Q = 0.64² × 0.38

Q = 0.15

Step 3: Compare Q with K and determine in which direction will shift the reaction

Since Q < K, the reaction will shift to the right to attain the equilibrium.

Answer:

The Lewis structure is attached with the answer -

Explanation:

Lewis structure or Lewis dot diagram are diagrams or representation of showing the bonding between different or same atoms of a molecule in any and also shows lone pairs of electrons that may exist in the molecule as dots.

HBrO₄ is bromine oxoacid which is also known as perbromic acid. It is a unstable inorganic compound.

The Lewis structure is attached in form of image with representation of lone pairs of electrons.

Answer:

C. ammonia, nitrogen gas, nitrous oxide, nitrite, nitrate

Explanation:

To establish the oxidation number of nitrogen in each compound, we know that the sum of the oxidation numbers of the elements is equal to the charge of the species.

Nitrite ion (NO₂⁻)

1 × N + 2 × O = -1

1 × N + 2 × (-2) = -1

N = +3

Nitrous oxide (NO)

1 × N + 1 × O = 0

1 × N + 1 × (-2) = 0

N = +2

Nitrate ion (NO₃⁻)

1 × N + 3 × O = -1

1 × N + 3 × (-2) = -1

N = +5

Ammonia (NH₃)

1 × N + 3 × H = 0

1 × N + 3 × (+1) = 0

N = -3

Nitrogen gas (N₂)

2 × N = 0

N = 0

The order of increasing nitrogen oxidation state is:

C. ammonia, nitrogen gas, nitrous oxide, nitrite, nitrate

Answer:

0.36 g of N2.

Explanation:

The following data were obtained from the question:

Temperature (T) = 25 °C

Volume (V) = 340 mL

Measured pressure = 730 torr

Vapour pressure = 23.76 torr

Mass of N2 =..?

First, we shall determine the true pressure of N2. This can be obtained as follow:

Measured pressure = 730 torr

Vapor pressure = 23.76 torr

True pressure =..?

True pressure = measured pressure – vapor pressure

True pressure = 730 – 23.76

True pressure = 706.24 torr.

Converting 706.24 torr to atm, we have:

760 torr = 1 atm

Therefore,

706.24 torr = 706.24 / 760 = 0.929 atm

Next, we shall convert 340 mL to L. This is illustrated below:

1000 mL = 1 L

Therefore,

340 mL = 340/1000 = 0.34 L

Next, we shall convert 25 °C to Kelvin temperature. This is illustrated below:

Temperature (K) = Temperature (°C) + 273

T(K) = T (°C) + 273

T (°C) = 25 °C

T(K) = 25 °C + 273

T (K) = 298 K

Next, we shall determine the number of mole of N2. This can be obtained as follow:

Pressure (P) = 0.929 atm

Volume (V) = 0.34 L

Temperature (T) = 298 K

Gas constant (R) = 0.0821 atm.L/Kmol

Number of mole (n) =...?

PV = nRT

0.929 x 0.34 = n x 0.0821 x 298

Divide both side by 0.0821 x 298

n = (0.929 x 0.34 ) /(0.0821 x 298)

n = 0.0129 mole

Finally, we shall determine the mass of N2 as shown below:

Mole of N2 = 0.0129 mole

Molar mass of N2 = 2x14 = 28 g/mol

Mass of N2 =.?

Mole = mass /Molar mass

0.0129 = mass of N2/ 28

Cross multiply

Mass of N2 = 0.0129 x 28

Mass of N2 = 0.36 g

Therefore, 0.36 g of N2 was collected.

Answer:

- Pressure in St. Paul, Minnesota

- Temperature in St. Paul, Minnesota

Explanation:

22.4 L or dm³ is the volume for a gas under Standard pressure and temperature conditions.

It is logically to say, that tempereature value at the day of the experiment was not 273.15 K, which is 32°F

We can say, that the pressure was not 1 atm. St Paul Minnesota has  a minimum, but a little height, so the pressure differs by few figures from the standard pressure values.

We also have to mention, that 22.4 L is the value for the Ideal gases at standards conditions. Ideal gases does not exisist on practice, we always talk about real gases. Don't forget the Ideal Gases Law equation:

P . V = n . R . T

Pressure . Volume = number of moles . 0.082 L.atm /mol. K  . 273.15K

Number of moles must be 1 at STP, to determine a volume of 22.4L

Answer:

Ethane would have a higher boiling point.

Explanation:

In this case, for the lewis structures, we have to keep in mind that all atoms must have 8 electrons (except hydrogen). Additionally, each carbon would have 4 valence electrons, with this in mind, for methane we have to put the hydrogens around the carbon, and with this structure, we will have 8 electrons for the carbon. In ethane, we will have a bond between the carbons, therefore we have to put three hydrogens around each carbon to obtain 8 electrons for each carbon.

Now, the main difference between methane and ethane is an additional carbon. In ethane, we have an additional carbon, therefore due to this additional carbon, we will have more area of interaction for ethane. If we have more area of interaction we have to give more energy to the molecule to convert from liquid to gas, so, the ethane will have a higher boiling point.

I hope it helps!

The Lewis structure shows the valence electrons in a molecule. Ethane will have a higher boiling point than methane.

We can deduce the number of valence electrons in a molecule by drawing the Lewis structure of the molecule. The Lewis structure consists of the symbols of elements in the compound and the valence electrons in the compound.

We know that the higher the molar mass of a compound the greater its boiling point. Looking at the Lewis structures of methane and ethane, we cam see that ethane has a higher molecular mass (more atoms) and consequently a higher boiling point than methane.

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Answer:

The heat absorbed by the sample of water is 3,294.9 J

Explanation:

Calorimetry is the measurement and calculation of the amounts of heat exchanged by a body or a system.

The sensible heat of a body is the amount of heat received or transferred by a body when it undergoes a temperature variation (Δt) without there being a change of physical state (solid, liquid or gaseous). Its mathematical expression is:

Q = c * m * ΔT

Where Q is the heat exchanged by a body of mass m, made up of a specific heat substance c and where ΔT is the temperature variation.

In this case:

Replacing:

Q= 4.184 [tex]\frac{J}{g*C}[/tex] * 45 g* 17.5 C

Solving:

Q=3,294.9 J

The heat absorbed by the sample of water is 3,294.9 J

Answer:

The mass of NaHCO3 required is 235.22 g

Explanation:

*******

Continuation of Question:

2NaHCO3(s) + H2SO4(aq)  →  Na2SO4(aq) + 2CO2(g) + 2H2O(l)

You estimate that your acid spill contains about 1.4 mol H2SO4. What mass of NaHCO3 do you need to neutralize the acid?

********\

The question requires us to calculate the mass of NaHCO3  to neutralize the acid.

From the balanced chemical equation;

1 mol of H2SO4 requires 2 mol of NaHCO3

1.4 would require x?

Upon solving for x we have;

x = 1.4 * 2 = 2.8 mol of NaHCO3

The relationship between mass and number of moles is given as;

Mass = Number of moles * Molar mass

Mass = 2.8 mol * 84.007 g/mol

Mass =  235.22 g

Answer:

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Answer:

ΔH = [tex]q_{p}[/tex]

Explanation:

In a calorimeter, when there is a complete combustion within the calorimeter, the heat given off in the combustion is used to raise the thermal energy of the water and the calorimeter.

The heat transfer is represented by

[tex]q_{com}[/tex] = [tex]q_{p}[/tex]

where

[tex]q_{p}[/tex] = the internal heat gained by the whole calorimeter mass system, which is the water, as well as the calorimeter itself.

[tex]q_{com}[/tex]  = the heat of combustion

Also, we know that the total heat change of the any system is

ΔH = ΔQ + ΔW

where

ΔH = the total heat absorbed by the system

ΔQ = the internal heat absorbed by the system which in this case is [tex]q_{p}[/tex]

ΔW = work done on the system due to a change in volume. Since the volume of the calorimeter system does not change, then ΔW = 0

substituting into the heat change equation

ΔH = [tex]q_{p}[/tex] + 0

==> ΔH = [tex]q_{p}[/tex]

Answer:

Ksp = 2.06x10⁻¹⁰

Explanation:

For AB₂. solubility product constant, Ksp, is written as follows:

AB₂(s) ⇄ A²⁺ + 2Br⁻

Ksp = [A²⁺] [Br⁻]²

Molar solubility represents how many moles of AB₂ are soluble per liter of solution. and is obtained from Ksp:

AB₂(s) ⇄ A²⁺ + 2Br⁻

AB₂(s) ⇄ X + 2X

where X are moles that are soluble (Molar solubility)

Ksp = [X] [2X]²

As molar solubility of the salt is 3.72x10⁻⁴M:

Ksp = 4X³

Ksp = 4(3.72x10⁻⁴)³

Answer:

3.00 L

Explanation:

PV = nRT

(82 atm × 101325 Pa/atm) V = (10 mol) (8.314 J/mol/K) (27 + 273) K

V = 0.00300 m³

V = 3.00 L

Answer:

The Henry's law constant for argon is [tex]k=2.11*10^{-3}\frac{ M}{atm}[/tex]

Explanation:

Henry's Law indicates that the solubility of a gas in a liquid at a certain temperature is proportional to the partial pressure of the gas on the liquid.

C = k*P

where C is the solubility, P the partial pressure and k is the Henry constant.

So, being the concentration [tex]C=\frac{ngas}{V}[/tex]  

where ngas is the number of moles of gas and V is the volume of the solution, you must calculate the number of moles ngas. This is determined by the Ideal Gas Law: P*V=n*R*T where P is the gas pressure, V is the volume that occupies, T is its temperature, R is the ideal gas constant, and n is the number of moles of the gas. So [tex]n=\frac{P*V}{R*T}[/tex]

In this case:

Then:

[tex]n=\frac{1 atm*5.16*10^{-2} L}{0.082 \frac{atm*L}{mol*K} *298K}[/tex]

Solving:

n= 2.11 *10⁻³ moles

So: [tex]C=\frac{ngas}{V}=\frac{2.11*10^{-3} moles}{1 L} =2.11*10^{-3} \frac{moles}{L}= 2.11*10^{-3} M[/tex]

Using Henry's Law and being C=CAr and P =PAr:

2.11*10⁻³ M= k* 1 atm

Solving:

[tex]k=\frac{2.11*10^{-3} M}{1 atm}[/tex]

You get:

[tex]k=2.11*10^{-3}\frac{ M}{atm}[/tex]

The Henry's law constant for argon is [tex]k=2.11*10^{-3}\frac{ M}{atm}[/tex]

The Henry's law constant for argon gas in 1 litre of water is 2.1 × 10⁻³M/atm.

Henry's law of gas states that solubility of a gas in any liquid at particular temperature is directly proportional to the partial pressure of the gas.

C∝P

C = kP, where

k = Henry's constant

P = partial pressure of gas

C is the solubility and it is present in the form of concentration and will be calculated as:
C = n/V

n = no. of moles

V = volume

And moles of the gas will be calculated by using the ideal gas equation as:

PV = nRT

n = (1)(5.16×10⁻²) / (0.082)(298) = 2.1 × 10⁻³ moles

And Concentration in liquid will be:

C = 2.1 × 10⁻³mol / 1L = 2.1 × 10⁻³ M

Now we put all these values in the first equation to calculate the value of k as:

k = (2.1 × 10⁻³M) / (1atm) = 2.1 × 10⁻³M/atm

Hence required value of k is 2.1 × 10⁻³M/atm.

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Answer:

1.00x10^-9

Explanation:

Explanation:

This reaction is in equilibrium and would hence obey lechatelier's principle. This principle states that whenever a system at equilibrium undergoes a change, it would react in way so as to annul that change.

Since it is an endothermic reaction, increasing the temperature would cause the reaction to shift towards the right.

This means that it favours product formation and more of the product would be formed.

Answer:

Explanation:

A nonpolar molecule has no separation of charge, so no positive or negative poles are formed. In other words, the electrical charges of nonpolar molecules are evenly distributed across the molecule. Nonpolar molecules tend to dissolve well in nonpolar solvents, which are frequently organic solvents. The answer is hydrogen cyanide.

Answer:

0.250 mol Mg²⁺

0.500 mol Cl⁻

Explanation:

Magnesium chloride (MgCl₂) dissociates into ions according to the following equilibrium:

MgCl₂  ⇒  Mg²⁺ + 2 Cl⁻

1 mol      1 mol   2 mol

1 mol of Mg²⁺ and 2 moles of Cl⁻ are formed per mole of MgCl₂.  If we have 0.250 mol of MgCl₂, the following amounts of ions will be formed:

0.250 mol MgCl₂ x 1 mol Mg²⁺/mol MgCl₂= 0.250 mol Mg²⁺

0.250 mol MgCl₂ x 2 mol Cl⁻/mol MgCl₂= 0.500 mol Cl⁻

Answer:

HEY THE ANSWER ABOVE ME IS RIGHT!! i defientely misclicked my rating :/

5/5 all the way.

Explanation:

Answer:

Percent yield: 78.2%

Explanation:

Based on the reaction:

4Al + 3O₂ → 2Al₂O₃

4 moles of Al produce 2 moles of Al₂O₃

To find percent yield we need to find theoretical yield (Assuming a yield of 100%) and using:

(Actual yield (6.8g) / Theoretical yield) × 100

Moles of 4.6g of Al (Molar mass: 26.98g/mol) are:

4.6g Al × (1mol / 26.98g) = 0.1705 moles of Al.

As 4 moles of Al produce 2 moles of Al₂O₃, theoretical moles of Al₂O₃ obtained from 0.1705 moles of Al are:

0.17505 moles Al × (2 moles Al₂O₃ / 4 moles Al) = 0.0852 moles of Al₂O₃,

In grams (Molar mass Al₂O₃ = 101.96g/mol):

0.0852 moles of Al₂O₃ × (101.96g / mol) =

Thus, Percent yield is:

(6.8g / 8.7g) × 100 =

Answer:

A) Chlorine (Cl)

B) Cobalt (Co)

C) Caesium (Cs)

Hope this helps.

The abbreviated electron configurations that was given in the question belongs to

Chlorine (Cl)

Cobalt (Co)

Caesium (Cs) respectively.

Therefore, electron configurations  explain orbitals of an atom when it is in it's ground state.

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Answer:

D) 1 iron(II), 2 chloride

Explanation:

Iron II chloride is the compound; FeCl2. It is formed as follows, ionically;

Fe^2+(aq) + 2Cl^-(aq) -----> FeCl2

The formation of one mole of FeCl2 involves the reaction one mole of iron and two moles of chloride ions. This means that in FeCl2, the ratio of iron to chlorine is 1:2 as seen above.

Therefore there is one iron II ion and two chloride ions in each mole of iron II chloride, hence the answer.

Answer:

V2 = 17371.43ml

Explanation:

We use Boyles laws

since temperature is constant

P1V1=P2V2

760 x 400 = 17.5 x V2

304000 = 17.5 x V2

V2 = 304000/17.5

V2 = 17371.43ml

The volume will the dry hydrogen gas occupy at the temperature of 20°C and vapor pressure at  760 torrs will be 18 ml.

What is vapor pressure?

The vapor pressure of a liquid is independent of the volume of liquid in the container, whether one liter or thirty liters; both samples will have the same vapor pressure at the same temperature.

The temperature has an exponential connection with vapor pressure, which means that as the temperature rises, the vapor pressure rises as well the equation is -

P1 V1 / T1 = P2 V2 / T1

here, P = pressure

       T = temperature

        V = volume

substituting the value in the equation,

400 ×760 / 20 = 17.5× V / 20

V = 400× 760 / 20 × 17.5 / 20

V = 18 ml

Therefore the volume of the hydrogen gas remaining at this temperature will be 18 ml.

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Answer:

I think its B

Explanation:

Precipitation reactions leave a solid behind. The solid is called a precipitate.

Answer:

B

Explanation:

An insoluble solid will form when ions in dissolved compounds switch places.