Answer:
When prolonged periods of severe weather strike, two things often get the blame these days: climate change and the jet stream. Many have expressed concerns that the rapidly melting Arctic is now disturbing the jet stream, bringing more frequent bouts of wild weather. But potentially even more powerful changes are afoot in the tropics – and the consequences could be severe.
The northern hemisphere’s jet stream is a current of fast-moving air encircling the globe from west to east in the middle latitudes – the zone between the baking tropics and the freezing Arctic. The strongest winds are about 10km high, near the altitudes at which planes fly, but the bottom of the jet can reach all the way down to the ground, forming the prevailing westerly winds familiar to many. The southern hemisphere’s counterpart is what gives rise to the Roaring Forties – similarly treacherous winds between latitudes 40 and 50 degrees.
The jet forms a relatively sharp dividing line between the warm tropical and cold polar air masses. The strongest winds are concentrated in a band several hundred kilometres wide. But this band is not fixed. It meanders and snakes its way around the globe, sometimes touching the edge of the tropics and at other times scraping the polar regions.
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Churches urged to provide sanctuary as extreme weather bites
Churches urged to provide sanctuary as extreme weather bites
As a result, the jet can have a wide array of impacts across the hemisphere. If it passes over your location, expect to be repeatedly bombarded by the whirling storms that are carried along by it. As a recent example, the severe flooding in the north of England in November 2019 arose in part from a shift of the jet, which put the UK right in the middle of a region where storms tend to grow.
If the jet shifts to pass north of you, you’ll find yourself under the warm, dry zone of the atmosphere which lies south of the jet. This brings generally settled and pleasant weather in summer, but can set the scene for droughts and heatwaves. And if the jet moves south instead, you’ll be on its cold polar side, so you’d better hope this doesn’t happen too much during winter.
Weather worries
The jet has always varied – and has always affected our weather patterns. But now climate change is affecting our weather too. As I explore in my latest book, it’s when the wanderings of the jet and the hand of climate change add up that we get record-breaking heatwaves, floods and droughts – but not freezes.
The coldest weeks of any given winter will occur when the jet brings masses of cold air directly from the polar regions. But severe though this may feel, records show that similar events in past decades were even colder than they are now. While the jet is largely doing the same as it always has, the planet-heating greenhouse gases we’ve added to our atmosphere mean that invasions of polar air these days are just that bit milder.
Melting ice in the Arctic is causing colder air to travel southwards
Melting ice in the Arctic is causing colder air to travel southwards (iStock)
The flip side, of course, is that when the jet moves north in summer, bringing warm air from the south, we often have to endure temperatures beyond anything in living memory.
It is clear and well understood how climate change and the jet can combine like this to cause truly extreme weather events. But whether climate change is directly changing the jet’s behaviour is a much harder question to answer.
Some have suggested that the rapidly warming Arctic is weakening the jet, by reducing the temperature contrast between the tropical and polar air to either side of it. As a result, the jet meanders more to the north and south, and these meanders can remain fixed over one location for longer – as happened when the Beast from the East placed much of northern Europe under a bitter chill.
There are certainly some interesting ideas here, but many still do not find the logic compelling, and more convincing evidence from observations and computer models will be needed for these theories to become widely accepted.
Scientists are however increasingly confident that important changes are afoot in the tropics. Driven by the vast quantities of energy pouring in from the sun directly overhead, these are the great powerhouses of Earth’s climate. Indeed, the power of the tropics is evident in the worldwide weather disruption caused by El Nino events – subtle increases or decreases in temperatures in the equatorial Pacific Ocean, that in turn disturb the jet stream.
Over the past few years, it has become apparent that at high altitudes, the Earth’s tropical regions are heating up more quickly than the rest of the world. At least partly because of this, the tropical regions of the atmosphere have been widening, expanding ever so slightly away from the equator, and impinging more on the jet stream.
Explanation:
True or false? Deforestation only affects the organisms that directly feed off the trees.
Answer:false I think because it affects environment, organisms, bad air, animals house being destroyed like bird nest, etc.
Explanation:
Answer:
I think its False
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What will most likely happen if a light wave moves through a solid?
A.It will increase in wavelength.
B.It will decrease in speed.
C.It will increase in speed.
D.It will decrease in wavelength.
The answer is A
It will increase in wavelength. It will decrease in speed.
Answer:
Its B Explanation: got it right on edgeLos Angeles, San Diego, and neighboring cities mutually support each other in their urban development and expansion. These cities have grown together into one continuous urban community, and together they are an example of a __________. A. choropleth B. town C. megalopolis D. river valley civilization Please select the best answer from the choices provided.
Answer:
c megalopolis
Explanation:
Which of the following is the best example of a biased historical source?
A: A speech by a US senator about the dangers of communism
B: An ancient set of laws from Mesopotamia
C: A newspaper article reporting the end of WW2
D: A copy of a medieval treaty ending a war between France and England
Answer:
B
Explanation:
Describe the process of Carbonation.
On rocks
Answer:
Explanation:
Carbonation is another type of chemical weathering. Carbonation is the mixing of water with carbon dioxide to make carbonic acid. This type of weathering is important in the formation of caves. Dissolved carbon dioxide in rainwater or in moist air forms carbonic acid, and this acid reacts with minerals in rocks.
Company charges a flat rate of $120 per hour. Green Thumb Landscapers charges $70 per hour plus $1600
Answer:
You would want to pick company A because after 13 hours you would have $1600
Explanation:
Which of the following bodies of water is an example of a shrunken lake?
A.
the Harirud
B.
the Aral Sea
C.
the Caspian Sea
D.
the Balkhash lake
Answer:
b
Explanation:
easy
Answer:
b
Explanation:
If a town has 500 people and grows by 10% a year, what will the population be in 5 years?
Discride the function of korodegaga village
Answer:
Firstly, I think the question you asked doesn't make any sense.
Explanation:
I don't have any answer.
what is the height of the triangle? 12 units 24units 36units 72units
Answer:
the answer is 24 units
Explanation: pls press the heart button i gave a answer sp plz lol :)
How has the Aral Sea changed since 1960?
Perth is located in which climate zone
How is it possible for the oceans to
have landforms?
Answer:
Oceans have landforms because of volcanic activity.
Explanation:
Oceans are dominated by water, but they are not exclusively covered with water on their surface, but there are also a lot of landforms. The landforms are small in the percentage of the total area, but nevertheless, they can be found in varying sizes and shapes. The reason why oceans have landforms is the volcanic activity.
When it comes to landforms that are located near the edges of the oceans, they tend to be created because of subduction zones. Here we have a rise of magma from the mantle and the creation of volcanic island arcs, like in the case of the Japanese islands. When it comes to landforms that are found deep into the ocean and far away from plate boundaries, the cause is hot spot volcanism. This volcanism occurs above places where there is higher than usual activity in the mantle, and it is such a powerful activity that it breaks through the crust and manifests itself on the surface. An example of this type of landforms is the Hawaii Islands.
Why is there a south china sea conflict/ why is it happening?
Answer:
Tensions between China and both the Philippines and Vietnam have recently cooled, even as China increased its military activity in the South China Sea by conducting a series of naval maneuvers and exercises in March and April 2018. Meanwhile, China continues to construct military and industrial outposts on artificial islands it has built in disputed waters.
The United States has also stepped up its military activity and naval presence in the region in recent years, including freedom of navigation operations (FONOPs) in January and March 2018. In a speech during his November 2017 visit to Southeast Asia, President Donald J. Trump emphasized the importance of such operations, and of ensuring free and open access to the South China Sea. Since May 2017, the United States has conducted six FONOPs in the region.
China’s sweeping claims of sovereignty over the sea—and the sea’s estimated 11 billion barrels of untapped oil and 190 trillion cubic feet of natural gas—have antagonized competing claimants Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Taiwan, and Vietnam. As early as the 1970s, countries began to claim islands and various zones in the South China Sea, such as the Spratly Islands, which possess rich natural resources and fishing areas.
China maintains [PDF] that, under international law, foreign militaries are not able to conduct intelligence-gathering activities, such as reconnaissance flights, in its exclusive economic zone (EEZ). According to the United States, claimant countries, under UN Convention of the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), should have freedom of navigation through EEZs in the sea and are not required to notify claimants of military activities. In July 2016, the Permanent Court of Arbitration at The Hague issued its ruling on a claim brought against China by the Philippines under UNCLOS, ruling in favor of the Philippines on almost every count. While China is a signatory to the treaty, which established the tribunal, it refuses to accept the court’s authority.
In recent years, satellite imagery has shown China’s increased efforts to reclaim land in the South China Sea by physically increasing the size of islands or creating new islands altogether. In addition to piling sand onto existing reefs, China has constructed ports, military installations, and airstrips—particularly in the Paracel and Spratly Islands, where it has twenty and seven outposts, respectively. China has militarized Woody Island by deploying fighter jets, cruise missiles, and a radar system.
To protect its political, security, and economic interests in the region, the United States has challenged China’s assertive territorial claims and land reclamation efforts by conducting FONOPs and bolstering support for Southeast Asian partners. Also in response to China’s assertive presence in the disputed territory, Japan has sold military ships and equipment to the Philippines and Vietnam in order to improve their maritime security capacity and to deter Chinese aggression.
The United States, which maintains important interests in ensuring freedom of navigation and securing sea lines of communication (SLOCs), has expressed support for an agreement on a binding code of conduct and other confidence-building measures. China’s claims threaten SLOCs, which are important maritime passages that facilitate trade and the movement of naval forces.
The United States has a role in preventing military escalation resulting from the territorial dispute. Washington’s defense treaty with Manila could draw the United States into a potential China-Philippines conflict over the substantial natural gas deposits or lucrative fishing grounds in disputed territory. The failure of Chinese and Southeast Asian leaders to resolve the disputes by diplomatic means could also undermine international laws governing maritime disputes and encourage destabilizing arms buildups.
Explanation:
Cutting down the Amazon Rainforest is an example of which of the theme of geography
Answer:
Human interaction such as shaping the landscape
According to the geologic time scale, how is the most recent eon subdivided?
Answer:
The most recent eon is subdivided into three eras and eleven periods.
Explanation:
The geological time scale has been constructed so that it can help in better research and understanding of the past, as well as making it easier to distinguish the past and its characteristics at a certain time. There are larger and smaller divisions in the geologic time scale, with the eon being the largest unit, followed by era, and then period.
The most recent eon is the Paherozoic, starting from 542 million years ago and still going on. It is subdivided into three eras and eleven periods so far. The three eras are:
Paleozoic MesozoicCenozoicThe eleven periods are:
CambrianOrdovicianSilurianDevonianCarboniferousPermianTriassicJurassicCretaceousTertiaryQuaternaryAccording to the "Urban and Rural Populations" graph, we can expect to see --
Answer:
Explanation:
I don’t get it sorry I couldn’t help