If the SN2 reaction of an aromatic alcohol with an alkyl halide, like the synthesis of nerolin, is successful, what changes would be seen in the IR spectrum for the product compared to the starting material

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

O-H stretch signal at 3300 cm-1

Explanation:

In this question, we can start with the reaction mechanism for the synthesis of Nerolin. We have to start with naphthalen-2-ol adding NaOH we can produce the alkoxide. Then this alkoxide can react by an Sn2 reaction with bromomethane to produce Nerolin (see figure 1).

In the starting molecule (naphthalen-2-ol) we have an "OH" group. Therefore we will have an O-H stretch signal around 3300 cm^-1. The alcohol signals are very broad and very intense, so this will be the main signal for the initial molecule. In the final product, we dont have the "OH" therefore this signal will disappear (see figure 2).

I hope it helps!

If The SN2 Reaction Of An Aromatic Alcohol With An Alkyl Halide, Like The Synthesis Of Nerolin, Is Successful,
If The SN2 Reaction Of An Aromatic Alcohol With An Alkyl Halide, Like The Synthesis Of Nerolin, Is Successful,

Related Questions

Compare strontium with rubidium in terms of the following properties:
a. Atomic radius, number of valence electrons, ionization energy.
b. Strontium is smaller than rubidium.
c. Rubidium is smaller than strontium.
d. Strontium has more valence electrons.
e. Rubidium has more valence electrons.
f. Strontium has a larger ionization energy.
g. Rubidium has a larger ionization energy.

Answers

Answer:

Strontium is smaller

Strontium has the higher ionization energy

Strontium has more valence electrons

Explanation:

It must be understood that both elements belong to the same period i.e the same horizontal band of the periodic table

While Rubidium is an alkali metal(group 1) while Strontium is an alkali earth metal(group 2)

Since they are in the same period, periodic trends would be useful in evaluating their properties

In terms of atomic radius, rubidium is larger meaning it has a bigger atomic size

Generally, across the periodic table, atomic radius is expected to decrease and thus Rubidium which is leftmost is expected to have the higher atomic radius

Since strontium belongs to group 2 of the periodic table, it has 2 valence electrons which is more than the single valence electron that rubidium which is in group 1 has

In terms of ionization energy, the atom with the higher number of valence electrons will have the higher ionization energy which is strontium in this case

Zn + 2 HCl --> H2 + ZnCl2 If 1.70 g of Zn are reacted, how many grams of ZnCl2 can be created? Show work and process and I will give brainliest

Answers

Explanation:

first find the the number of moles of of zinc .

as the number of moles of zinc and ZnCl2 is same we can calculate the mass of ZnCl2.

A base solution contains 0.400 mol of OH–. The base solution is neutralized by 43.4 mL of sulfuric acid. What is the molarity of the sulfuric acid solution?

Answers

Answer:

Molarity of the sulfuric acid solution is 4.61M

Explanation:

The neutralization of a base of OH⁻ with sulfuric acid, H₂SO₄, occurs as follows:

2 OH⁻ + H₂SO₄ → 2H₂O + SO₄²⁻

That means, 2 moles of base react with 1 mole of sulfuric acid.

If you add 0.400 moles of OH⁻, moles of sulfuric acid you need to neutralize this amount of OH⁻ are:

0.400 moles OH⁻ ₓ (1 mole H₂SO₄ / 2 moles OH⁻) = 0.200 moles of H₂SO₄

As you add 43.4mL = 0.0434L of sulfuric acid to neutralize this solution, molarity (Ratio between moles and liters) is:

0.200 moles H₂SO₄ / 0.0434L = 4.61M

Molarity of the sulfuric acid solution is 4.61M

How would you monitor the progress of a neutralization reaction? Question 2 options: We will use a funnel to separate the solid as it forms We will use a balance to see the changes in mass We will use a thermometer to check the changes in temperature We will use an acid-base indicator to see changes in color depending on the pH

Answers

Answer:

We will use an acid-base indicator to see changes in colour depending on the pH  

Explanation:

The pH changes during a titration, so you could use an acid-base indicator to follow the changes in pH.

A is wrong. An acid-base titration does not usually form a solid, and it would be impractical to isolate a solid with a funnel.

B is wrong. There are no changes in mass.

C is wrong. Any changes in temperature would be too small to measure precisely with an ordinary thermometer.

The best way to monitor the progress of a neutralization reaction such as acid-base titration: D. Use an acid-base indicator to observe the changes in color depending on the pH.

The chemical reaction that occurs when you mix an acid and a base together is referred to as neutralization reaction.

In a neutralization reaction, what is formed is salt and water.

Acid-base titration is a neutralization method.

During acid-base titration, the neutralization reaction that occurs is usually monitored by observing the pH changes that occurs.

Change in pH is an indicator that there is progress in the neutralization reaction.

An acid-base indicator, can be used to detect the changes that occur via the pH changes in relation to the color change.

Therefore, the best way to monitor the progress of a neutralization reaction such as acid-base titration: D. Use an acid-base indicator to observe the changes in color depending on the pH.

Learn more about neutralization reaction here:

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What is the purpose of reacting 2.0mL of HNO3 with 2.0 mL of H2SO4 in a separate test tube, prior to adding it to the solution containing the substrate

Answers

The question is incomplete, the complete question is;

What is the purpose of reacting 2.0mL of HNO3 with 2.0 mL of H2SO4 in a separate test tube, prior to adding it to the solution containing the substrate? more than one answer is possible

A) The release of a water molecule that acts as an electrophile in the reaction with methyl benzoate.

B) The formation of nitronium ion, which acts an electrophile in the reaction with methylbenzoate.

C)The formation of bisulfate (hydrogen sulfate), which acts as an electrophile in the reaction with methylbenzoate.

D)The release of a water molecule that acts as a nucleophile in the reaction with methyl benzoate.

Answer:

B) The formation of nitronium ion, which acts an electrophile in the reaction with methylbenzoate.

Explanation:

The benzene ring is known to be stable hence it can only undergo a substitution reaction with the aromatic ring still intact. When the substitution reaction involves an electrophile we refer to the process as electrophillic aromatic substitution. Electrophilic aromatic substitution is a useful synthetic route for many organic compounds.

In the electrophilic substitution of methyl benzoate using the 1:1 volume ratio mixture of H2SO4/HNO3, the nitronium ion (NO2+) is the electrophile generated in the test tube. It is this NO2+ that now reacts with the methyl benzoate to yield the reaction product.

Predict the order of acid strengths in the following series of cationic
species: CH3CH2NH3
+, CH3CH=NH2

Answers

Answer:

CH3CH=NH2+>CH3CH2NH3+

Explanation:

A close examination of both structures will reveal that they are both amines hence they must have the polar N-H bond.

Electrons usually move towards the nitrogen atom and this makes both compounds acidic. We must also remember that some features of a compound may make it more acidic than another of close resemblance. Being more acidic may imply that the proton of the N-H is more easily lost.

CH3CH=NH2+ has an sp2 hybridized carbon atom in its structure which is known to be very electronegative due to increasing s character of the bond. It will withdraw electron density from the N-H bond thereby leading to a greater acidity of CH3CH=NH2+ in comparison to CH3CH2NH3+

To infer means to do what?

A. reach a conclusion about data

B. make a hypothesis about data

C. decide to collect some more data

D. state something found indirectly from data

Answers

Answer:

A

Explanation:

infer means use data to reach conclusion.

Explain the term isomers?​

Answers

Answer:

Isomers are molecules that have the same molecular method, however have a unique association of the atoms in space. That excludes any extraordinary preparations which can be sincerely because of the molecule rotating as an entire, or rotating about precise bonds.

You are given 10.00 mL of a solution of an unknown acid. The pH of this solution is exactly 2.18. You determine that the concentration of the unknown acid was 0.2230 M. You also determined that the acid was monoprotic (HA). What is the pKa of your unknown acid

Answers

Answer:

[tex]pKa=3.70[/tex]

Explanation:

Hello,

In this case, given the information, we can compute the concentration of hydronium given the pH:

[tex]pH=-log([H^+])\\[/tex]

[tex][H^+]=10^{-pH}=10^{-2.18}=6.61x10^{-3}M[/tex]

Next, given the concentration of the acid and due to the fact it is monoprotic, its dissociation should be:

[tex]HA\rightleftharpoons H^++A^-[/tex]

We can write the law of mass action for equilibrium:

[tex]Ka=\frac{[H^+][A^-]}{[HA]}[/tex]

Thus, due to the stoichiometry, the concentration of hydronium and A⁻ are the same at equilibrium and the concentration of acid is:

[tex][HA]=0.2230M-6.61x10^{-3}M=0.2164M[/tex]

As the concentration of hydronium also equals the reaction extent ([tex]x[/tex]). Thereby, the acid dissociation constant turns out:

[tex]Ka=\frac{(6.61x10^{-3})^2}{0.2164}\\ \\Ka=2.02x10^{-4}[/tex]

And the pKa:

[tex]pKa=-log(Ka)=-log(2.02x10^{-4})\\\\pKa=3.70[/tex]

Regards.

Suppose, in an experiment to determine the amount of sodium hypochlorite in bleach, you titrated a 26.34 mL sample of 0.0100 M K I O 3 with a solution of N a 2 S 2 O 3 of unknown concentration. The endpoint was observed to occur at 15.51 mL . How many moles of K I O 3 were titrated

Answers

Answer:

0.1 M

Explanation:

The overall balanced reaction equation for the process is;

IO3^- (aq)+ 6H^+(aq) + 6S2O3^2-(aq) → I-(aq) + 3S4O6^2-(aq) + 3H2O(l)

Generally, we must note that;

1 mol of IO3^- require 6 moles of S2O3^2-

Thus;

n (iodate) = n(thiosulfate)/6

C(iodate) x V(iodate) = C(thiosulfate) x V(thiosulfate)/6

Concentration of iodate C(iodate)= 0.0100 M

Volume of iodate= V(iodate)= 26.34 ml

Concentration of thiosulphate= C(thiosulfate)= the unknown

Volume of thiosulphate=V(thiosulfate)= 15.51 ml

Hence;

C(iodate) x V(iodate) × 6/V(thiosulfate) = C(thiosulfate)

0.0100 M × 26.34 ml × 6/15.51 ml = 0.1 M

The nutrition label on the back of a package of hotdogs (purchased within the US) indicates that one hotdog contains 100 calories. How many calories does a hotdog actually have?
A. 1,000
B. It depends on how many hotdogs you eat
C. 100
D. 10
E. 100,000

Answers

Answer:

C. 100

Explanation:

Biochemical researches and studies have found out that an average health hotdog has a calorie of between 100 and 150 which is usually dependent on the additives.

Since the nutrition label on the back of a package of hotdogs (purchased within the US) indicates that one hotdog contains 100 calories then it truly contains such amount of calories. The standard number of calories present in a hotdog is independent of the amount eaten by individuals.

In a 74.0-g aqueous solution of methanol, CH4O, the mole fraction of methanol is 0.140. What is the mass of each component?

Answers

Answer:

The correct answer is 16.61 grams methanol and 57.38 grams water.

Explanation:

The mole fraction (X) of methanol can be determined by using the formula,  

X₁ = mole number of methanol (n₁) / Total mole number (n₁ + n₂)

X₁ = n₁/n₁ + n₂ = 0.14

n₁ / n₁ + n₂ = 0.14 ---------(i)

n₁ mole CH₃OH = n₁ mol × 32.042 gram/mol (The molecular mass of CH₃OH is 32.042 grams per mole)

n₁ mole CH₃OH = 32.042 n₁ g

n₂ mole H2O = n₂ mole × 18.015 g/mol  

n₂ mole H2O = 18.015 n₂ g

Thus, total mole number is,  

32.042 n₁ + 18.015 n₂ = 74 ------------(ii)

From equation (i)

n₁/n₁ + n₂ = 0.14

n₁ = 0.14 n₁ + 0.14 n₂

n₁ - 0.14 n₁ = 0.14 n₂

n₁ = 0.14 n₂ / 1-0.14

n₁ = 0.14 n₂/0.86 ----------(iii)

From eq (ii) and (iii) we get,  

32.042 × 0.14/0.86 n₂ + 18.015 n₂ = 74

n₂ (32.042 × 0.14/0.86 + 18.015) = 74

n₂ = 74 / (32.042 × 0.14/0.86 + 18.0.15)

n₂ = 3.1854 mol

From equation (iii),  

n₁ = 0.14/0.86 n₂

n₁ = 0.14/0.86 × 3.1854

n₁ = 0.5185 mol

Now, presence of water in the mixture is,  

= 3.1854 mole × 18.015 gram per mole  

= 57.38 grams

Methanol present in the mixture is,  

= 0.5185 mol × 32.042 gram per mole

= 16.61 grams

A meteorologist filled a weather balloon with 3.00L of the inert noble gas helium. The balloon's pressure was 765 torr. The balloon was released to an altitude with a pressure of 530 torr. What was the volume (L) of the weather balloon

Answers

Answer:

4.33 L

Explanation:

Step 1: Given data

Initial volume of the balloon (V₁): 3.00 L

Initial pressure of the balloon (P₁): 765 torr

Final  volume of the balloon (V₂): ?

Final pressure of the balloon (P₂): 530 torr

Step 2: Calculate the final volume of the balloon

If we consider Helium to behave as an ideal gas, we can calculate the final volume of the balloon using Boyle's law.

[tex]P_1 \times V_1 = P_2 \times V_2\\V_2 = \frac{P_1 \times V_1}{P_2} = \frac{765torr \times 3.00L}{530torr} = 4.33 L[/tex]

Compound X absorbs photons with a wavelength of 179.3 nm. What is the increase in energy of a 0.115 M solution of compound X in which a mole of photons are absorbed

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

 one mole of photon will contain  

6.02 x 10²³ no of photons

energy of one photon = h x f

= h c / λ

h is plank's constant , c is velocity of light and λ is wavelength

= 6.6 x 10⁻³⁴ x 3 x 10⁸ / 179.3 x 10⁻⁹

= .11 x 10⁻¹⁷ J

energy of one mole of photon

= 6.02 x 10²³ x .11 x 10⁻¹⁷

= .6622 x 10⁶ J

If a boy (m = 50kg) at rest on skates is pushed by another boy who exerts a force of 200 N on him and if the first boy's final velocity is 8 m/s, what was the contact time? t= s

Answers

Answer:

t = 2 seconds

Explanation:

It is given that,

Mass of a boy, m = 50 kg

Initial speed of boy, u = 0

Final speed of boy, v = 8 m/s

Force exerting by another boy, F = 200 N

Let t is the time of contact. The force acting on an object is given by :

F = ma

a is acceleration

So,

[tex]F=\dfrac{m(v-u)}{t}\\\\t=\dfrac{m(v-u)}{F}\\\\t=\dfrac{50\times 8}{200}\\\\t=2\ s[/tex]

So, the contact time is 2 seconds.

Answer:

t=2 s

Explanation:

A mercury manometer is used to measure pressure in the container illustrated. Calculate the pressure exerted by the gas if atmospheric pressure is 751 torr and the distance labeled is 176 mm.

Answers

Answer:

Pressure exerted by the gas is 574.85 torr

Explanation:

Atmospheric pressure = 751 torr

but 1 torr = 1 mmHg

therefore,

atmospheric pressure = 751 mmHg

1 mmHg = 133.3 Pa

therefore,

atmospheric pressure = 751 x 133.3 = 100108.3 Pa

distance labeled (tube section with mercury) = 176 mm

the pressure within the tube will be

[tex]P_{tube}[/tex] = ρgh

where ρ is the density of mercury = 13600 kg/m^3

h is the labeled distance = 176 mm = 0.176 m

g is acceleration due to gravity = 9.81 m/s^2

[tex]P_{tube}[/tex]  = 13600 x 9.81 x 0.176 = 23481.216 Pa

The general equation for the pressure in the manometer will be

[tex]P_{atm}[/tex] = [tex]P_{tube}[/tex] + [tex]P_{gas}[/tex]

where [tex]P_{atm}[/tex]  is the atmospheric pressure

[tex]P_{tube}[/tex]  is the pressure within the tube with mercury

[tex]P_{gas}[/tex] is the pressure of the gas

substituting, we have

100108.3 = 23481.216 + [tex]P_{gas}[/tex]

[tex]P_{gas}[/tex] = 100108.3 - 23481.216 = 76627.1 Pa

This pressure can be stated in mmHg as

76627.1 /133.3 = 574.85 mmHg

and also equal to 574.85 torr

Write a balanced equation for: capture of an electron by cadmium-104

Answers

Answer:

104 48 Cd + 0 -1 e ---------> 104 47 Ag

Explanation:

In the process of electron capture, the nucleus captures an electron and thus converts a proton into a neutron with the emission of a neutrino. This process increases the Neutron/Proton ratio, the captured electron is usually from the K shell. An electron from a higher energy level now drops down to fill the vacancy in the K shell and characteristic X-ray is emitted. This process usually occurs where the Neutron/proton ratio is very low and the nucleus has insufficient energy to undergo positron emission.

For 104 48 Cd, the balanced equation for K electron capture is;

104 48 Cd + 0 -1 e ---------> 104 47 Ag

33. Hydrocarbons that release pleasant odors are called_________
hydrocarbons. (1 point)

Answers

Answer:

Aromatic Hydrocarbons

Explanation:

Aromatic (Pleasant Odour) Hydrocarbons are those having pleasant odours.

Answer:

substituted hydrocarbons

Explanation:

i think

1. In this experiment, the procedure instructs you to dissolve solid potassium hydrogen tartrate (KHT) in two different solvents. What are these two solvents? (2 pts)

Answers

Answer:

Water

Explanation:

Solid potassium hydrogen tartrates (KHT) is soluble in water. This is especially at room temperature.

The solvent for KHT is water.

Draw the Lewis structure of ethyne (C₂H₂) and then choose the appropriate pair of molecular geometries of the two central atoms. Your answer choice is independent of the orientation of your drawn structure.
A) linear / linear
B) trigonal/pyramidal
C) pyramidal/trigonal
D) trigonal pyramidal/trigonal pyramidal
E) planar / linear

Answers

Answer:

A) linear / linear

Explanation:

In this case, we have a triple bond beetween the atoms (See figure 1). If we have this triple bond we will have an Sp hybridization (in both carbons). We have to remember the relationship between the geometry and the hybridization:

-) Sp3 = Tetrahedral

-) Sp2 = Trigonal

-) Sp = Linear

Due to the hybridization, we will have a linear structure between the atoms. The angle between the atoms is 180º (See figure 2).

So, if we have a hybridization Sp for both carbons, we will have a linear geometry in each carbon. Therefore, the answer is A.

If the concentration of Mg2+ in the solution were 0.039 M, what minimum [OH−] triggers precipitation of the Mg2+ ion? (Ksp=2.06×10−13.) Express your answer to two significant figures and include the appropriate units. nothing nothing

Answers

Answer:

2.30 × 10⁻⁶ M

Explanation:

Step 1: Given data

Concentration of Mg²⁺ ([Mg²⁺]): 0.039 M

Solubility product constant of Mg(OH)₂ (Ksp): 2.06 × 10⁻¹³

Step 2: Write the reaction for the solution of Mg(OH)₂

Mg(OH)₂(s) ⇄ Mg²⁺(aq) + 2 OH⁻(aq)

Step 3: Calculate the minimum [OH⁻] required to trigger the precipitation of Mg²⁺ as Mg(OH)₂

We will use the following expression.

Ksp = 2.06 × 10⁻¹³ = [Mg²⁺] × [OH⁻]²

[OH⁻] = 2.30 × 10⁻⁶ M

How long should you hold the iron on the hair to heat the strand and set the base ?


A) 5 seconds
B) 15 seconds
C) 30 seconds
D) 1 minute

Answers

A) 5 seconds
That’s what I did
A) 5 seconds
That is what I use and what most people in my life use

Which of the following is a property of salts? Undergo combustion Do not make ionic bonds easily Do not conduct electricity as solids Formed due to reaction of acid with water

Answers

Answer:

Do not conduct electricity as solids.

Explanation:

Hello,

In this case, we should remember that salts are formed when an acid and base react in order to yield the salt and water due to the ions exchange during neutralization chemical reactions. For instance, when hydrochloric acid  (acid) reacts with potassium hydroxide (base), sodium chloride (salt) and water are yielded via:

[tex]HCl+NaOH\rightarrow NaCl+H_2O[/tex]

Moreover, it is widely known that salts are formed by electrovalent/ionic bonds which involves electron transfer so the metallic atom becomes positively charged (cation) whereas the non-metallic atom becomes negatively charged (anion) once the electrons are received so it can conduct electricity when dissolved in water yet not when solid since electron transfer is facilitated by the aqueous media, otherwise, ions remain together. Thereby, answer is do not conduct electricity as solids.

Regards.

Answer:

c

Explanation:

Calculate the equilibrium constant at 298 K for the reaction of formaldehyde (CH2O) with hydrogen gas using the following information. CH2O(g) + 2H2(g) LaTeX: \longleftrightarrow⟷ CH4(g) + H2O(g) LaTeX: \DeltaΔH°= –94.9 kJ; LaTeX: \DeltaΔS°= –224.2 J/K A. 1.92 B. 9.17 x 10-6 C. 2.07 x 1028 D. 1.10 x 105 E. 8.08 x 104 F. 3.98 x 1011 Group of answer choices

Answers

Answer:

E. 8.08 x 10⁴.

Explanation:

Hello,

In this case, for the reaction:

[tex]CH_2O(g) + 2H_2(g) \rightleftharpoons CH_4(g) + H_2O(g)[/tex]

We can compute the Gibbs free energy of reaction via:

[tex]\Delta G\°=\Delta H\°-T\Delta S\°[/tex]

Since both the entropy and enthalpy of reaction are given at 298 K (standard temperature), therefore:

[tex]\Delta G\°=-94.9kJ-(298K)(-224.2\frac{J}{K}*\frac{1kJ}{1000kJ} )\\\\\Delta G\°=-28.1kJ[/tex]

Then, as the equilibrium constant is computed as:

[tex]K=exp(-\frac{\Delta G\°}{RT} )[/tex]

We obtain:

[tex]K=exp(-\frac{-28.1kJ/mol}{8.314x10^{-3}\frac{kJ}{mol* K}}*298K )\\\\K=8.08 x10^4[/tex]

For which the answer is E. 8.08 x 10⁴.

Best regards,

If a bottle of olive oil contains 1.2 kg of olive oil, what is the volume, in milliliters (mL), of the olive oil?

Answers

Answer:

1.3 mL

Explanation:

First, get the density of the olive oil, which is 0.917 kg/mL. Then divide the mass by the density:

1.2kg/0.917kg/mL= 1.3086150491 mL. The kg cancel out, leaving us with mL.

It should have 2 significant figures, because 1.2kg has 2 and we are dividing.

The volume of olive oil will be nearly 1300mL or 1.30 L as per the given data.

What is volume?

Volume is a measurement of three-dimensional space that is occupied. It is frequently numerically quantified using SI derived units or various imperial units. The definition of length is linked to the definition of volume.

Volume is, at its most basic, a measure of space. The units liters (L) and milliliters (mL) are used to measure the volume of a liquid, also known as capacity.

This measurement is done with graduated cylinders, beakers, and Erlenmeyer flasks.

Here, it is given that mass of olive oil is 1.2kg.

We know that,

Density of olive oil = 0.917kg/l.

Volume = mass/density

Volume = 1.2/0.917.

Volume = 1.30 lit.

Volume = 1300mL.

Thus, the volume of olive oil will be 1300 mL.

For more details regarding volume, visit:

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Which of the following functional groups is formed from the condensation of carboxylic acids???

a. acid anhydride
b. acid halide
c. amide
d. ester
e. ether​

Answers

Answer:

a

Explanation:

its made up of carbon and hydrogen

a) During the workup of the reaction, an aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate was added to the cooled reaction mixture. Why was this done

Answers

Answer:

The purpose of adding an aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate is either to extract a certain compound or to remove/neutralize acidic compounds present in the reaction mixture.

Explanation:

Upon adding sodium bicarbonate, carbon dioxide is released (gaseous state at room temperature), which helps build up pressure that is able to push out the unwanted gas/liquid.

The Handbook of Chemistry and Physics gives solubilities of the following compounds in grams per 100 mL water. Because these compounds are only slightly soluble, assume that the volume does not change on dissolution and calculate the solubility product for each.
(a) BaSeO4, 0.0118 g/100 mL
(b) Ba(BrO3)2 H20, 0.30 g/100 mL
(c) NH4MgAsO4-6H20, 0.038 g/100 mL
(d) La2(MoOs)3, 0.00179 g/100 mL

Answers

Answer:

(a) [tex]Ksp=4.50x10^{-7}[/tex]

(b) [tex]Ksp=1.55x10^{-6}[/tex]

(c) [tex]Ksp=2.27x10^{-12}[/tex]

(d) [tex]Ksp=1.05x10^{-22}[/tex]

Explanation:

Hello,

In this case, given the solubility of each salt, we can compute their molar solubilities by using the molar masses. Afterwards, by using the mole ratio between ions, we can compute the concentration of each dissolved and therefore the solubility product:

(a) [tex]BaSeO_4(s)\rightleftharpoons Ba^{2+}(aq)+SeO_4^{2-}(aq)[/tex]

[tex]Molar\ solubility=\frac{0.0188g}{100mL} *\frac{1mol}{280.3g}*\frac{1000mL}{1L}=6.7x10^{-4}\frac{mol}{L}[/tex]

In such a way, as barium and selenate ions are in 1:1 molar ratio, they have the same concentration, for which the solubility product turns out:

[tex]Ksp=[Ba^{2+}][SeO_4^{2-}]=(6.7x10^{-4}\frac{mol}{L} )^2\\\\Ksp=4.50x10^{-7}[/tex]

(B) [tex]Ba(BrO_3)_2(s)\rightleftharpoons Ba^{2+}(aq)+2BrO_3^{-}(aq)[/tex]

[tex]Molar\ solubility=\frac{0.30g}{100mL} *\frac{1mol}{411.15g}*\frac{1000mL}{1L}=7.30x10^{-3}\frac{mol}{L}[/tex]

In such a way, as barium and bromate ions are in 1:2 molar ratio, bromate ions have twice the concentration of barium ions, for which the solubility product turns out:

[tex]Ksp=[Ba^{2+}][BrO_3^-]^2=(7.30x10^{-3}\frac{mol}{L})(3.65x10^{-3}\frac{mol}{L})^2\\\\Ksp=1.55x10^{-6}[/tex]

(C) [tex]NH_4MgAsO_4(s)\rightleftharpoons NH_4^+(aq)+Mg^{2+}(aq)+AsO_4^{3-}(aq)[/tex]

[tex]Molar\ solubility=\frac{0.038g}{100mL} *\frac{1mol}{289.35g}*\frac{1000mL}{1L}=1.31x10^{-4}\frac{mol}{L}[/tex]

In such a way, as ammonium, magnesium and arsenate ions are in 1:1:1 molar ratio, they have the same concentrations, for which the solubility product turns out:

[tex]Ksp=[NH_4^+][Mg^{2+}][AsO_4^{3-}]^2=(1.31x10^{-4}\frac{mol}{L})^3\\\\Ksp=2.27x10^{-12}[/tex]

(D) [tex]La_2(MoOs)_3(s)\rightleftharpoons 2La^{3+}(aq)+3MoOs^{2-}(aq)[/tex]

[tex]Molar\ solubility=\frac{0.00179g}{100mL} *\frac{1mol}{1136.38g}*\frac{1000mL}{1L}=1.58x10^{-5}\frac{mol}{L}[/tex]

In such a way, as the involved ions are in 2:3 molar ratio, La ion is twice the molar solubility and MoOs ion is three times it, for which the solubility product turns out:

[tex]Ksp=[La^{3+}]^2[MoOs^{-2}]^3=(2*1.58x10^{-5}\frac{mol}{L})^2(3*1.58x10^{-5}\frac{mol}{L})^3\\\\Ksp=1.05x10^{-22}[/tex]

Best regards.

For carbon: What is the effective nuclear charge? In which orbitals do the valence electrons reside? For silicon: What is the effective nuclear charge? In which orbitals do the valence electrons reside?

Answers

Answer:

For carbon, the effective nuclear charge is 3.25 and the valence electrons will reside in the orbitals 2s^2 and 2p^2

For silicon, the effective nuclear charge is 4.15 and its valance electrons will reside in the orbitals 3s^2 and 3p^2

Explanation:

Carbon

The effective nuclear charge of carbon is 3.25

To get the orbitals in which it’s valence electron reside, let’s write the electronic configuration

The atomic number of carbon is 6

So the configuration will be;

1s^2 2s^2 2p^2

So the valence electrons will reside in the orbitals 2s^2 and 2p^2

For silicon;

It’s effective nuclear charge is +4.15

The electronic configuration of silicon with atomic number 14 is;

1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^2

So the valence electrons will reside in the orbitals 3s^2 and 3p^2

Write a balanced equation for the single-replacement oxidation-reduction reaction described, using the smallest possible integer coefficients. The reaction that takes place when chlorine gas combines with aqueous potassium bromide. (Use the lowest possible coefficients. Omit states of matter.)

Answers

Answer:

[tex]\rm Cl_2 + 2\; KBr \to Br_2 + 2\; KCl[/tex].

One chlorine molecule reacts with two formula units of (aqueous) potassium bromide to produce one bromine molecule and two formula units of (aqueous) potassium chloride.

Explanation:

Formula for each of the species

Start by finding the formula for each of the compound.

Both chlorine [tex]\rm Cl[/tex] and bromine [tex]\rm Br[/tex] are group 17 elements (halogens.) Each On the other hand, potassium [tex]\rm K[/tex] is a group 1 element (alkaline metal.) Each

Therefore, the ratio between [tex]\rm K[/tex] atoms and [tex]\rm Br[/tex] atoms in potassium bromide is supposed to be one-to-one. That corresponds to the empirical formula [tex]\rm KBr[/tex]. Similarly, the ratio between

The formula for chlorine gas is [tex]\rm Cl_2[/tex], while the formula for bromine gas is [tex]\rm Br_2[/tex].

Balanced equation for the reaction

Write down the equation using these chemical formulas.

[tex]\rm ?\; Cl_2 + ?\; KBr \to ?\;Br_2 + ?\; KCl[/tex].

Start by assuming that the coefficient of compound with the largest number of elements is one. In this particular equation, both [tex]\rm KBr[/tex] and [tex]\rm KCl[/tex] features two elements each.

Assume that the coefficient of [tex]\rm KCl[/tex] is one. Hence:

[tex]\rm ?\; Cl_2 + 1 \; KBr \to ?\;Br_2 + ?\; KCl[/tex].

Note that [tex]\rm KBr[/tex] is the only source of [tex]\rm K[/tex] and [tex]\rm Br[/tex] atoms among the reactants of this reaction.

There would thus be one [tex]\rm K[/tex] atom and one [tex]\rm Br[/tex] atom on the reactant side of the equation.

Because atoms are conserved in a chemical equation, there should be the same number of [tex]\rm K[/tex] and [tex]\rm Br[/tex] atoms on the product side of the equation.

In this reaction, [tex]\rm Br_2[/tex] is the only product with [tex]\rm Br[/tex] atoms.

One [tex]\rm Br[/tex] atom would correspond to [tex]0.5[/tex] units of [tex]\rm Br_2[/tex].

Similarly, in this reaction, [tex]\rm KCl[/tex] is the only product with [tex]\rm K[/tex] atoms.

One [tex]\rm K[/tex] atom would correspond to one formula unit of [tex]\rm KCl[/tex].

Hence:

[tex]\displaystyle \rm ?\; Cl_2 + 1 \; KBr \to \frac{1}{2}\;Br_2 + 1\; KCl[/tex].

Similarly, there should be exactly one [tex]\rm Cl[/tex] atom on either side of this equation. The coefficient of [tex]\rm Cl_2[/tex] should thus be [tex]0.5[/tex]. Hence:

[tex]\displaystyle \rm \frac{1}{2}\; Cl_2 + 1 \; KBr \to \frac{1}{2}\;Br_2 + 1\; KCl[/tex].

That does not meet the requirements, because two of these coefficients are not integers. Multiply all these coefficients by two (the least common multiple- LCM- of these two denominators) to obtain:

[tex]\displaystyle \rm 1\; Cl_2 + 2 \; KBr \to 1\;Br_2 + 2\; KCl[/tex].

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