Explanation:
parental phenotype : black fur 》 white fur
parental genotype: Bb 》 bb
gametes: (B) (b) 》 (b) (b)
random fertilization: (punnet square)
b b
B Bb Bb
b bb bb
f1 generation phenotype: black fur 》 white fur
f1 gen genotype: Bb, Bb 》 bb, bb
percentage: 50% black fur 》 50% white fur
ratio: 1:1
therefore the probability of an offspring having white fur is 50% or 1/2
Someone please help...
Construct a model explaining the seasonal (black curve) fluctation of atmospheric CO2 at the global scale.
Thank you☆
The annual changes in carbon dioxide are caused by seasonal plant growth, whereas the cumulative rise over many years is due to a combination of fossil fuel consumption, deforestation, and cement production.
What is the fluctuating atmospheric CO2 at the global scale?Although photosynthesis also takes place in the oceans, only land-based photosynthesis drives the seasonal cycles, since very little of the CO2 produced there actually enters the atmosphere.
Therefore, Since seasonal CO2 swings are a result of photosynthesis, areas with more vegetation will see more variations.
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A patient sustained an electric shock when she accidentally touched live wires following a severe storm. The shock affected her urinary function and resulted in oliguria and uremia. How will the patient’s symptoms be treated if she develops anuria?.
Using theories of urinary system, we got hemodialysis is the method through which patient`s symptoms be treated of she develops anuria.
Hemodialysis, also called as haemodialysis, or simply dialysis, is a process of purifying the blood of a person whose kidneys are not working properly. This type of dialysis achieves the extracorporeal removal of the waste products such as creatinine and urea and free water from blood when the kidneys are in state of kidney failure. Hemodialysis is one of three renal replacement therapies (the others two being kidney transplant and peritoneal dialysis). A other method for extracorporeal separation of blood components such as plasma or cells is called as apheresis.
Hence, if the patient develops anuria, in that case patient`s symptoms be treated by the hemodialysis method.
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Why is it important that ions being transported across a cell membrane be shielded from the interior.
In cells the lipid bilayer's core is non polar, ions that are drawn to polar surroundings would be repelled by it.
For cells to continue functioning as they go throughout their life cycle, there must be a tremendous amount of exchange. The integration of living ions and the release of waste materials required for regular operation are both possible during transportation. Simple diffusion in cells and electron transport are the ways by which ions are transported across membranes. Solutes diffuse more easily via channels made of proteins. In order to push ions against the gradient of concentration, active transport needs energy in the forms of ATP conversion, channel proteins, or pumps. These charged (polar) ions do not flow across the membrane because of their charge. They instead travel through ions.
(Why is it important that ions being transported across a cell membrane be shielded from the interior of the lipid bilayer? )
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describe the most likely effect of gasdermin pore formation on water balance in the cell in a hypotonic environment.
The most likely effect of gasdermin pore formation in a cell that is hypotonic is that water will enter the cell causing them to burst because they become filled with too much water.
The cell would have a higher solute concentration than the surrounding environment. Better known as osmosis, the diffusion of water involves moving toward higher solute concentration. Due to phagocytes digesting the compounds of the cell along with other pathogens, this would prevent the spread of infection. Interleukin release activates the adaptive immune response by stimulating B and T leukocytes to divide and produce antibodies or kill infected cells.
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What's a good format for biology CER/Essay?
which statement is true about enzymes in the human body? which statement is true about enzymes in the human body? enzymes in the human body usually work best at normal body temperature. enzymes in the human body always work better as the temperature decreases. enzymes in the human body always work better as the temperature increases. enzymes in the human body work just as well at any temperature.
The correct statement is option A: enzymes in the human body usually work best at normal body temperature.
The body's normal temperature, which is around 98.6° F (Fahrenheit) or 37°C, is where most enzymes in the human body function optimally. They might still function at lower temperatures, but considerably more slowly. Therefore, option A is the right choice.
Enzymes function as biological catalysts that quicken biochemical reactions. The most popular explanation proposes that enzymes bind to the substrate molecule and create a transition state. As the reaction proceeds, an energy barrier that the substrates must cross separates the products from the substrates.
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What are the effects of fossil fuels in the in environment ?
Answer:
1. release large amounts of carbon dioxide
2. releases green house gas which traps heat into the atmosphere
3. air pollution/ global warming
4. can cause acid rain
Explanation:
a bacterial broth culture grown in isolation (pure culture) reflects a predictable growth profile. list the four principle phases of a typical growth profile and briefly describe: (a) what is happening during each phase with regard to the viable cell count and (b) what is causing the change to occur
The four-phase of bacterial culture growth are the lag phase, log phase, stationary phase, and death phase.
Lag Phase: Cellular activity, but not growth, characterizes this initial phase. During this phase, these cells enlarge but do not divide.
Exponential (Log) Phase: Bacterial cells move into the exponential or log phase after the lag phase. The cells are currently dividing by binary fission and multiplying by two after each generation. As DNA, RNA, cell wall components, and other components required for growth are produced for division, metabolic activity is high.
Stationary Phase: As the nutrients get depleted and waste products start to build up, the population expansion seen in the log phase eventually starts to slow down. The number of dividing cells equals the number of dying cells at the stationary phase of bacterial cell development. There is no overall population growth as a result.
Death Phase: As nutrients become scarcer and waste products multiply, more cells are undergoing cellular death.
Factors like oxygen, pH, temperature, and light impact microbial growth.
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in conditioning birds and rats, you find that it is easier to condition birds with vision-relevant stimuli than with taste-relevant stimuli, and it is easier to condition rats with taste-relevant stimuli than with vision-relevant stimuli. these results are true because
In the vision relevant stimuli, the result are true due to Law of effect.
In physiology, a stimulus is a detectable exchange in the bodily or chemical shape of an organism's inner or external surroundings. The capability of an organism or organ to detect external stimuli, so that the right reaction may be made, is known as sensitivity.
Stimuli is a detectable trade within the inner or outside surroundings. That which influences or causes a brief increase of physiological activity or response inside the entire organism or in any of its parts.
Detection of stimuli is crucial for adaptation, or adjusting to changes in the surroundings. The human frame is ready with response mechanisms that allow us to alter to changes inside the surroundings in order for survival.
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removal of the voice box: a.laryngectomy b.esophagectomy c.pharyngectomy d.larnygectomy e.pharnygectomy
Removal of voice box or sound box is called laryngectomy.
The larynx can be removed in whole or in part through a laryngectomy (voice box). It entails making an incision (cut) over the Adam's apple region on the outside of the neck. Partial laryngectomy: In order to treat some laryngeal malignancies, only a portion of the voice box needs to be removed.
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LUNG
Complete the sentences.
1. Oxygen is carried to all parts of your body in your
2. Another name for alveoli is A ______________ S
3. The bronchial tubes start at the bottom of your T
4 Dirt is kept out of your lunge by they hairs called C
5. Air comes into your lungs through bronchial U _____________S
I
6. The cilia and mucus keep your lungs clean, pink and
E
7. All of the parts of our body that help us breathe are called the
Respirator.
(2 words)
_D
t
system.
Answer:
7) digest system, 3) throat
What is the function of epithelial tissue in the human stomach?
- support and bind other tissues together
- contract to allow for movement of the stomach
- provide protection and allow secretion and absorption
- receive and transmit impulses and process information
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The presence of what cell part will be most helpful in classifying a cell as either prokaryotic or eukaryotic?.
The nucleus is the component that contributes the most to determining whether a cell is prokaryotic or eukaryotic in nature.
Because it houses a cell's DNA, the nucleus is one of the most crucial eukaryotic organelles. Chloroplasts and mitochondria are two other crucial organelles that are assumed to have evolved from primitive single-celled organisms and play significant roles in energy conversion. Organelles that are membrane-bound, such as numerous mitochondria, are present in eukaryotic cells. In eukaryotic cells, the process of cellular respiration takes place in the mitochondria. Prokaryotic cells, in contrast, lack mitochondria and other membrane-bound organelles but still engage in cellular respiration.
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Oxygen is important in the oxidation of glucose because it ____________________________.
Answer:
For oxidation to occur there must be oxygen.
Explanation:
scientifically speaking the word oxidation means the addition of a oxygen molecule
which neurotransmitters are excitatory to some cells and inhibitory to others, depending on the type of receptors on the target cells? multiple select question. gaba acetylcholine glycine norepinephrine glutamate
The neurotransmitters are excitatory to some cells and inhibitory to others, depending on the type of receptors on the target cells are acetylcholine and norepinephrine.
A molecule that, when a nerve impulse arrives, is released at the end of a nerve fiber. This chemical then diffuses across the synapse or junction, causing the impulse to be transferred to another nerve fiber, a muscle fiber, or some other structure is called neurotransmitter.
Depending on the type of receptors present, some neurotransmitters, like acetylcholine and norepinephrine, can have both excitatory and inhibitory effects. When several synapses in close proximity are triggered at once or receive input from several presynaptic cells, spatial summation occurs.
Thus, because of receptors these can cause excitatory as well as inhibitory responses by summation of impulses.
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mmediately after the repolarization phase of an action potential, the neuronal membrane is temporarily unable to respond to the stimulation of a second action potential. the brief pause is called the refractory period. what must happen to
The ball domain is released from the channel pore and the channel turns back to closed state after the repolarization phase of an action potential.
The ball domain here describes the ions flowing in and out of the cells in response to the action potentials. A portion of the neuron becomes positively charged when Na+ channels open at the beginning of an action potential, allowing a flood of Na+ ions from outside the cell to enter. This is called depolarization. K+ ions from inside the cell flood out when K+ channels open, making that region of the neuron membrane more negatively charged. This is termed as repolarization. These mechanisms are what alter the cell membrane's voltage.
The brief pause between the opening of these two channels to initiate a second action potential is termed as refractory period. It describes the time it takes for an excitable membrane to reach a resting state after responding to a second stimulus in terms of action potentials.
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Complete question is:
Immediately after the repolarization phase of an action potential, the neuronal membrane is temporarily unable to respond to the stimulation of a second action potential. the brief pause is called the refractory period. what must happen to the voltage-gated sodium channel for the refractory period to end?
explain why a plasmid and a segment of dna to be inserted into a plasmid must be cut with the same restriction enzyme.
Plasmid must be cut with the same restriction enzyme because it will produce fragments with the same complementary sticky ends, making it possible for bonds to form between them.
The restriction enzymes cuts at specific points in the given sequences, hence these restriction enzyme are used to forms fragments with complementary sticky ends, therefore helping in the formation of bonds between them.
A restriction enzyme is generally a protein isolated from bacteria that cleaves DNA sequences at sequence-specific sites, producing DNA fragments whose sequence is known at each ends.
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Look at the DNA samples from Cytochrome b shown above. What do you notice about the sequences for each population?
Answer:
Explanation:
they have lines.
One way that regulation is often studied is by examining the effects of mutations. For example, mutations within the parts of the lac operon have been well studied. Which of these mutants would be considered a constitutive mutant?.
The mutant so one can be taken into consideration as a constitutive mutant is a mutation withinside the gene for the repressor.
In the sphere of biology, a constitutive mutant may be defined as a mutation that outcomes withinside the overproduction of a gene. This situation takes place due to the fact the gene expression for that unique gene turns into uncontrollable.
A constitutive mutant might also additionally motive a mutation to arise withinside the repression of a gene. Repressors are proteins that prevent gene expression for a selected gene.
If, because of a mutation, a repressor is not capable of prevent the gene expression, then this may be a constitutive mutation.
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Select all the differences between DNA and RNA.
a
RNA contains one strand of nucleotides, and DNA has two.
b
DNA contains two strands of nucleotides, and RNA has four.
c
In RNA, thymine is replaced by uracil.
d
DNA is contained only within the nucleus and RNA is not.
e
RNA is more complex than is DNA because of its multiple forms.
f
In DNA, guanine is replaced by uracil.
Answer:
In RNA thymine is replaced by uracil
oncoviruses are a type of animal virus that can cause a neoplasm. which type of virus is likely to be an oncovirus?
Oncovirus is likely to be a lysogenic virus that can cause neoplasm, leading to cancer.
By modifying the cancer-related pathways in the host cells, oncoviruses may encourage their survival and growth. Oncoviruses can cause neoplasms, either benign or malignant. Malignant neoplasms have the ability to migrate to other parts of the body while still replicating. Lysogenic virus allow the virus to replicate within the host cell before turning to lytic cycle. In this was, oncoviruses are lysogenic virus capable of causing cancer.
Lysogenic would delay the return to the lytic cycle long enough for it to multiply and gather into a tumor. The viral genome is incorporated into the host cell's genome during the lysogenic cycle, causing internal infection.
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Deafness in cocker spaniels is inherited. the allele for deafness (d) is recessive to the allele for hearing (d). two cocker spaniels that are heterozygous for hearing are mated together. what is the chance that a puppy will be deaf?
Label the following diagram
The macromolecule that is shown in the image is an amino acid.
What is the macromolecule?We know that a macromolecule is the kind of molecule that is composed of many units. The units that are contained in the molecule are the ways that the molecule can be able to be combined so as to give a larger molecule.
In the case of the molecule that is shown in the image in the question, we can see that the compound must be an amino acid because it has the amino group and the carboxyl group as we can see here.
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ardi s intermediate form of bipedality included the use of: a. longer hind limbs for clinging and leaping. b. palms and feet to move along tree branches. c. a tail. d. none of the above.
In ardi's intermediate type of bipedality, moving over tree branches with the palms and feet is incorporated.
The capacity to stand erect and move on two legs is known as bipedalism. Only humans employ this position as their main form of propulsion, however many other primates can stand up and move around for brief periods of time.
Bipedality may have started as early as 6 million years ago, according to fossil evidence. Our ancestors, however, made their first steps as devoted bipeds with Australopithecus, an early hominid that emerged in Southern and Eastern Africa between 4 and 2 million years ago. However, little is still known by scientists regarding the conditions that gave rise to this feature.
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6co2 6h2o light energy ---> c6h12o6 6o2 what do you think will happen to the rate of the reaction as the light source is moved further away from the aquatic plant
The process of photosynthesis, which results in the production of glucose in plants, is 6 CO 2 + 6 H 2 O light C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6 O 2 6CO2+6H2O.
What kind of reaction produces C6H12O6 6O2 energy from 6CO2 6H2O?6CO2+6H2OC6H12O6+6O2 is the chemical equation for photosynthesis. 6CO2+6H2O→C6H12O6+6O2. In plants, the chloroplasts in the mesophyll of the leaves are where photosynthesis occurs.
What part of photosynthesis does 6CO2 play?Carbon dioxide and water are changed into glucose and oxygen during photosynthesis. Since glucose is a big molecule (C6H12O6) with six carbon atoms, only six molecules of carbon dioxide (CO2) are needed to create one molecule of glucose.
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Review this illustration to answer the question.
Which structure is responsible for organizing spindle fibers during mitosis?
The stricture responsible for organizing spindle fibers during mitosis is the centriole. The third option.
What is mitosis?Mitosis refers to the division of non-sex or vegetative cells in the body of living organisms to produce two daughter cells.
The onset of mitosis is marked by the dissolution of the nuclear membrane and the condensation of the chromatin material located in the nucleus. Thus, the chromatin material becomes visible as chromosomes.
Simultaneously, the centrioles start giving off spindle fibers at the opposite ends of the cell. This stage of mitosis is referred to as prophase.
Thereafter, the chromosomes align at the center of the cell and the spindle fibers from the centriole engage each chromosome at the centromere. This stage is otherwise known as metaphase.
Next, the spindle fibers start shortening to pull apart sister chromatids to opposite poles. This is the anaphase.
The sister chromatids complete their migrations to the pole at telophase. Thereafter, the nuclear membrane reappears, the chromosome decondense, and the cytoplasm divide to give two independent daughter cells.
In other words, the structure responsible for organizing spindle fibers is the centrioles.
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what is the evolutionary benefit to meiosis in reproduction? select only one answer choice. group of answer choices meiosis produces gametes with half the required number of chromosomes that the offspring will need. meiosis produces gametes that are identical to their parent cells. meiosis produces gametes with new combinations of alleles in the chromosomes. meiosis allows for growth and plasticity in multicellular organisms
The evolutionary benefit of meiosis in reproduction is meiosis produces gametes with new combinations of alleles in the chromosomes. Therefore, the correct answer is the third option.
Meiosis is the process of chromosomal reduction that leads to the production of gametes (sex cells) needed for sexual reproduction. It only appears in eukaryotic cells that only plants, animals, and fungis have.
In this process, the double set of chromosomes is reduced into a single set. The single sets combine in sexual reproduction, resulting in double-set offspring. That allows a new combination of alleles in the new gametes while conserving the chromosomal number of the species.
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which is not the neurotransmitter criteria? a) neurotransmitter has to be consumed in the diet. b) chemical must be rapidly inactivated/broken down after its release. c) application of the isolated neurotransmitter on the post-synaptic cell membrane should have the same effect when it is released by a neuron. d) postsynaptic potential change must result when a neurotransmitter is released and bound to its postsynaptic receptors. e) none of the above.
Neurotransmitter has to be consumed in the diet is not the criteria for neurotransmitter. So the correct option is a.
A neuron releases a signaling chemical called a neurotransmitter across a synaptic gap to influence another cell. Any major body component or target cell that receives the signal may be another neuron, but it could also be a gland or muscle cell. These signals enable you to move your limbs, experience sensations, maintain heartbeat, as well as receive and process all the information your body receives from other internal body parts and your environment.
These signals enable you to move your limbs, experience sensations, maintain heartbeat, as well as receive and process all the information your body receives from other internal body parts and your environment.
The axon terminal, a component of the neuron, is where neurotransmitters are found. They are kept inside synaptic vesicles, which have thin walls. Numerous thousands of neurotransmitter molecules can fit inside each vesicle.
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The table shows the energy that is stored in three types of organic molecules.
Energy Storage in Humans
Free glucose in blood has 4 kilocalories per gram, 40 kilocalories of energy storage, and a few minutes of life support time. Glycogen has 4 kilocalories per gram, 600 to 1600 kilocalories of energy storage, and 1 day of life support time. Lipids have 9 kilocalories per gram, 100,000 kilocalories of energy storage, and 30 to 40 days of life support time.
What is the best conclusion based on this data?
Blood is a primary location for energy storage.
Fat molecules contain more energy-containing bonds than simple sugars.
A gram of glycogen has twice as much energy as a gram of fat.
The human body stores approximately 1,000 kcal of glucose.
Based on the data shown, the best conclusion would be that fat molecules contain more energy-containing bonds than simple sugars. Option 2.
Drawing conclusions based on dataFrom the available data shown in the illustration, the following can be deduced:
1 gram of free glucose = 4 kilocalories, 40 kilocalories of energy storage, few minutes of life support.1 gram of glycogen = 4 kilocalories, 600 to 1600 kilocalories of energy storage, 1 day life support.1 gram of lipid = 9 kilocalories, 100,000 kilocalories of energy storage, 30 to 40 days of life support.Based on the information extracted, one can see that glucose offers the lowest amount of energy, storage energy, and life support time per gram.
On the other hand, lipid appears to offer the highest energy, storage energy, as well as life support time. Glucogen has values that lie in-between glucose and lipid.
In other words, fats being a type of lipid appears to contain more energy-containing bonds than simple sugar, glucose.
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Answer:B
Explanation: took the test
which antifungal drug acts by inhibiting biosynthesis of essential components of the fungal cell wall, which interferes with growth and reproduction
Conazoles is the class of drugs that acts by inhibiting biosynthesis of essential components of the fungal cell wall, which interferes with growth and reproduction.
Drugs are the chemical components that are used to cause some physiological or psychological changes in the body of an organism. If used in required amounts, the drugs act as medications. However, the excessive use of drugs can cause addiction that causes severe after-effects later or even death.
Fungal cell wall is composed of chitin, glucans and glycoproteins. It is present outside the cell membrane and has a hard outer appearance. Since it is not present in humans, it acts as the best target for anti-fungal products.
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