Answer:
Because this transaction MEET the control of the corporation requirement, Janice has income of $0 and Thom has income of $
Explanation:
Based on the information we were told that Thom provide service that is worth $40,000 which means that the amount of $40,000 is Thom income but we were not told that Janice has an income, which means that Janice will have an income of $0.
Hence, Because this transaction MEET the control of the corporation requirement, Janice has income of $0 and Thom has income of $
40,000.
At a computer-consulting firm, the number of new clients that they have obtained each month has ranged from 0 to 6. the number of new clients has the probability distribution that is shown below. determine the expected number of new clients per month. # of clients probability 0 0.05 1 0.10 2 0.15 3 0.35 4 0.20 5 0.10 6 0.05
Answer:
3.05
Explanation:
The computer consulting firm is analyzing the performance of its company based on new clients each month. The data is given for six months and the probability distribution for number of new clients per month that the company has gained. The probability sum equals to 1 for the six months. The variance distribution is the squared value of each the difference by the mean. values of probability are squared and then their sum is taken to calculate variance deviation.
The Oriole Acres Inn is trying to determine its break-even point during its off-peak season. The inn has 50 rooms that it rents at $100 a night. Operating costs are as follows:
Salaries $7,500 per month
Utilities $1,500 per month
Depreciation $1,300 per month
Maintenance $1,760 per month
Maid service $24 per room
Other costs $46 per room
Determine the inn’s break-even point in number of rented rooms per month.
Answer:
Break-even point in units= 402 rooms a month
Explanation:
Giving the following information:
The inn has 50 rooms that it rents at $100 a night. Operating costs are as follows:
Salaries $7,500 per month
Utilities $1,500 per month
Depreciation $1,300 per month
Maintenance $1,760 per month
Maid service $24 per room
Other costs $46 per room
First, we need to calculate the total fixed costs and the unitary variable cost.
Total fixed costs= salaries + utilities + depreciation + maintenance
Total fixed costs= $12,060
Unitary variable cost= 24 + 46= $70
To calculate the break-even point in units, we need to use the following formula:
Break-even point in units= fixed costs/ contribution margin per unit
Break-even point in units= 12,060/ (100 - 70)
Break-even point in units= 402 rooms a month
Steve Madison needs $353,100 in 10 years.How much must he invest at the end of each year, at 9% interest, to meet his needs?
Answer:
$23,241.07
Explanation:
To determine the annual annuity, this formula would be used
PV = FV / annuity factor
Annuity factor = {[(1+r)^n] - 1} / r = (1.09^10 - 1 ) / 0.09 = 15.192930
$353,100 / 15.192930 = $23,241.07
In the price range where demand is inelastic, a decrease in price will result in a decrease in total revenue. True or False?
Santana Mortgage Company uses a process cost system to accumulate costs in its Application Department. When an application is completed, it is forwarded to the Loan Department for final processing. The following processing and cost data pertain to September.
1. Applications in process on September 1, 170
2. Applications started in September, 930
3. Completed applications during September, 660
4. Applications still in process at September 30 were 100% complete as to materials (forms) and 60% complete as to conversion costs.
Beginning WIP:
Direct materials $1,310
Conversion costs 4,140
September costs:
Direct materials $5,114
Direct labor 12,820
Overhead 7,581
Materials are the forms used in the application process, and these costs are incurred at the beginning of the process. Conversion costs are incurred uniformly during the process.
Required:
a. Determine the equivalent units of service (production) for materials and conversion costs.
b. Compute the unit costs and prepare a cost reconciliation schedule.
Answer: a) The equivalent units for material = 1,100
The equivalent units for conversion cost = 924.
b) The unit cost for material and conversion cost is $5.84 and $26.56 respectively.
c) cost reconciliation schedule is in the explanation column
Explanation:
first , we calculate units in process
Units in Process = Units of applications Opened + units of application started - units of application completed
= 170 + 930 - 660 = 440 units
Equivalent units of production for materials =application units completed + Application units in process x its percentage complete
660 + (440 x 100%)=660+440= 1,100
Equivalent units of production for conversion = application units completed + Application units in process x its percentage complete
660 + (440 x 60%)=660+264=924
Computing the unit costs
Units of cost as per material
Number of application units during the month = 660units
Wor in process unit = 440units
Material cost during ,month -=$5,114
Beginning work in progress cost for materials =$1,310
Equivalent unts of production for materials = 1,100
Unit cost for material = Material cost during the month +Begining work in progress cost for materials/Equivalent units of production for materials = $5,114 + $1,310=$6,424/ 1100= $5.84
Units of cost as per conversion
Number of application units during the month = 660units
Work in progess unit = 440units
conversion cost during ,month -= direct labour + overhead = $12,820 + $7,581= $20, 401
Beginning work in progress cost for materials =$4,140
Equivalent unts of production for materials = 924
Unit cost = Material cost during the month +Beginning work in progress cost for materials/Equivalent units of production for materials = $20,401 + 4,140=$24,541 / 924= $26.56
Cost Reconciliation schedule
Particulars no of units materials conversion Total
units transferred 660 $5,114 $20,401 $25,515
ending WIP 440 $6,424 $24, 541 $30,965
Total $11,538 $44,942 $56,480
Roger purchased a stock for $16 a share. The stock paid a $1 annual dividend and increased in price by $2 a year for the following three years. What is the arithmetic average annual capital gain
Answer:
The answer is 11.2%
Explanation:
Cost of acquisition: $16 per share
Annual dividend: $1
The stock increases by $2 every year for 3 years. Therefore, we have:
First year is $16 per share
Second year is $18 per share
Third year is $20 per share.
The arithmetic average annual capital gain will be
($2/$16 + $2/$18 + $2/$20)/3
(0.125 + 0.111 + 0.1) / 3
0.336/3
0.112
Expressed as a percentage:
= 11.2%
The next dividend payment by Savitz, Inc., will be $1.44 per share. The dividends are anticipated to maintain a growth rate of 6 percent forever. The stock currently sells for $26 per share.
a. What is the dividend yield? (Do not round intermediate calculations and enter your answer as a percent rounded to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16.)
b. What is the expected capital gains yield? (Enter your answer as a percent.)
Answer:
Dividend yield = 5.54%
The expected capital gains yield = 6%
Explanation:
Next Dividend (D1) = $1.44
Growth rate (g) = 6%
Required return (Ke) = 6% + 5.54% = 11.54%
Ke-g = 11.54% - 6% = 5.54%
Price = D1 / (ke / g) = 1.44 / 5.54% = $25.9927 = $26
a. Dividend yield = D1 / Price = $1.44 / $26
Dividend yield = 0.05538
Dividend yield = 0.0554
Dividend yield = 5.54%
b. The expected capital gains yield = Required return (Ke) - Dividend yield
The expected capital gains yield = 11.54% - 5.54%
The expected capital gains yield = 6%
A Quality Analyst wants to construct a control chart for determining whether three machines, all producing the same product, are under control with regard to a particular quality variable. Accordingly, he sampled four units of output from each machine, with the following results:
Machine Measurements
Number1 17 15 15 17
Number2 16 25 18 25
Number3 23 24 23 22
What is the estimate of the process mean for whenever it is under control?
a. 16
b. 19
c. 20
d. 21
e. 23
Answer:
c. 20
Explanation:
The summary of the given information shows that a Quality Analyst sampled four units of output from each machine, with the following results:
Machine Measurements
Number 1 17 15 15 17
Number 2 16 25 18 25
Number 3 23 24 23 22
In order to determine the estimate of the process mean for whenever it is under control, we need to find the mean of each Machine and find the average of the three machines together
i.e
For Machine Number 1 ;
Mean = (17+15+15+17)/4
Mean = 64/4
Mean = 16
For Machine Number 2 ;
Mean = (16+25+18+25)/4
Mean = 84/4
Mean = 21
For Machine Number 3;
Mean = ( 23+24+23+22)/4
Mean = 92/4
Mean = 23
∴
The estimate of the process mean for whenever it is under control
= (16 + 21 + 23)/3
The estimate of the process mean for whenever it is under control = 60/3
The estimate of the process mean for whenever it is under control = 20
Analyzing Contingent and Other Liabilities:
The following independent situations represent various types of liabilities. Analyze each situation and indicate which of the following is the proper accounting treatment for the company: (a) record a liability on the balance sheet, (b) disclose the liability in a financial statement footnote, or (c) neither record nor disclose any liability.
1. A stockholder has filed a lawsuit against______. ______attorney's have reviewed the facts of the case. Their review revealed similar lawsuits have never resulted in a cash award and it is highly unlikely that this lawsuit will either.
2. _____signed a 60-day, 10% note when it purchased items from another company.
3. The EPA notifies______that a state where it has a plant is filing a lawsuit for groundwater pollution against_____and another company that has a plant adjacent to______plant. Test results have not identified the exact source of the polution. ______manufacturing process often produces by-products that can pollute groundwater.
4. _______manufactured and sold products to a retailer that later sold the products to consumers. ______will replace the product if it is found to be defective within 90 days of the sale to the consumer. Historically, 1.2% of the products are returned for replacement.
Answer:
1. Situation is that a Stockholder has filed a lawsuit against C corporation.
Accounting treatment: Neither record nor disclose any liability.
Since the liability is not at all possible, it should be neither recorded nor disclosed.
2. Situation: F signed a 60 days, 10% note when it purchased items from another company.
Account treatment: Record the liability on the balance sheet.
Real liability that is both certain and the liability amount can also be reasonably estimated. It should be recorded on the balance sheet.
3. The EPA notifies S co that a state where it has a plant is filing a lawsuit.
Account treatment: Disclose the liability in a financial statement footnote.
The liability is probable but not certain and liability amount can also be reasonably estimated. It should be disclosed in financial statement footnote.
4. Situation: Company manufactured and sold products to a retailer that later sold product to consumer.
Account treatment: Record the liability on the balance sheet.
Real liability that is both certain and the liability amount can also be reasonably estimated. It should be recorded on the balance sheet.
The Cell Inc., a microbiology research laboratory headquartered in the United States, has been losing money. The CEO decides to outsource some production to companies in developing countries. This decision to shift functions or processes to less developed countries is most likely due to their
Answer:
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The decision of the Ceo of Cell Inc. microbilogy research laboratory to outsource some production in developing countries so that maximum output and fast deliveries can be expected to customers and also by the company can focus on various other factors affecting the business.
What is a research laboratory?The scientific lab where the experiments or products research are made so that new products can be made or existing can be replaced in chemical biological or physical aspects.
What is outsourcing?The practice which is done by an individual or an organization by using third party to carry their business activities like performing tasks giving services to customers etc.
What is third party?The company or an individual which comes in between two aspects and try to manage or solve the issue or give solutions
To know more about Outsourcing, click here
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Two investment advisers are comparing performance. One averaged a 21% rate of return and the other a 18% rate of return. However, the beta of the first investor was 1.4, whereas that of the second investor was 1. a. Can you tell which investor was a better selector of individual stocks (aside from the issue of general movements in the market)? First investor Second investor Cannot determine b. If the T-bill rate was 7% and the market return during the period was 13%, which investor would be considered the superior stock selector? Second investor First investor Cannot determine c. What if the T-bill rate was 4% and the market return was 17%? First investor Second investor Cannot determine
You are thinking of building a new machine that will sve you 2,000 in the first year the machine will then begin to wear out so that the savings decline at a rate of 4% per year forever. What is the present value of the savings if the interest rate is 5% per year? (Hint: this is a growing perpetuity.)
Answer:
The present value of the savings is $22222.22
Explanation:
A perpetuity is an indefinite series of equal payments made after equal intervals of time and for an unlimited period. A growing perpetuity is a kind of perpetuity whose period payments are not equal and they grow(or decline) at a constant rate each period for an indefinite period of time.
The formula for the present value of a growing perpetuity is attached.
The present value of the savings can be calculated as follows,
Present value = 2000 / (0.05 - (-0.04)
Present value = 2000 / (0.05 + 0.04)
Present value = 2000 / 0.09
Present value = $22222.22
On January 1, 2020, the Oriole Company had $2,990,000 of $10 par value common stock outstanding that was issued at par and Retained Earnings of $1,150,000. The company issued 146,000 shares of common stock at $16 per share on July 1. On December 15, the board of directors declared a 10% stock dividend to stockholders of record on December 31, 2020, payable on January 15, 2021. The market value of Oriole Company stock was $17 per share on December 15 and $17 per share on December 31. Net income for 2020 was $580,000.
Required:
Journalize the issuance of stock on July 1 and the declaration of the stock dividend on December 15.
Answer:
Oriole Company
Journal Entries:
July 1:
Debit Cash Account $2,336,000
Credit Common Stock $1,460,000
Credit Paid-in In Excess of Common Stock $876,000
To record the issuance of 146,000 shares of common stock, par $10 at $16 per share.
December 15:
Debit Retained Earnings $445,000
Stock Dividends Payable $445,000
To record the declaration of a 10% stock dividend.
Explanation:
a) Stockholders of record on December 31, 2020:
Number of shares in issue at beginning 299,000
Number of shares issued on July 1 146,000
Total 445,000
10% of 445,000 = 44,500 shares
b) Stock Dividends declared on December 15 will result to the issuance of 44,500 shares to stockholders. To finance this stock dividend, the Retained Earnings account is debited while the Stock Dividends Payable is credited. When the shares are issued on January 15, the Stock Dividends Payable (Distributable) will be debited and the Common Stock credited with the par value. The market price of $17 does not affect the company's records.
Delta Company sells mini-flash drives. The selling price is $10 each and the variable costs are $8. If fixed costs are $3,000, how much in sales dollars must Delta have to break even
Answer:
Break-even point (dollars)= $15,000
Explanation:
Giving the following information:
The selling price is $10 each and the variable costs are $8.
Fixed costs are $3,000.
To calculate the break-even point in dollars, we need to use the following formula:
Break-even point (dollars)= fixed costs/ contribution margin ratio
Break-even point (dollars)= 3,000 / [(10 - 8)/10]
Break-even point (dollars)= $15,000
Identifying the median voter
Sam, Andrew, and Darnell are roommates who are trying to decide how much money to spend on heat in their apartment each month.
A. Andrew would ideally contribute $15. However, he would prefer contributing $55 to contributing $0 because he does not want to freeze.
B. Sam hates being cold. Therefore, he would ideally like each to contribute $55 to heat, and his utility declines at a constant rate as the roommates decrease the amount of money they spend.
C. Darnell does not care about heat and is on a tight budget. Therefore, he prefers to contribute no money to heat, and his utility declines at a constant rate as the roommates increase the amount of money they spend.
Suppose the three roommates vote on spending either so, $15, or $55 on heat using the Borda count system of voting. That is, each roommate awards three points to his first choice, two points to his second choice, and one point to his third choice
Answer:
The median voter here is $55 based on the allocated points in order of preference.
This is the vote that avoids the two extremes of 5 and 7
Explanation:
Voting with the Borda count system of voting:
$0 $15 $55
Andrew 1 3 2
Sam 1 2 3
Darnell 3 2 1
Total points 5 7 6
The median voter is the selection that is based on choosing the median in a spectrum, so that the extremes are avoided. In this case, the extremes win points 5 and 4, with the median as 6.
The voting was done by using the Borda count system of voting. With this system, points are allocated based on personal preferences. The preference that is favored most is given the highest point, and so on. This implies that the preference that is least favoured is given the lowest point.
We want to send all of our high-value customers a special VIP gift. We are defining high-value customers as those who have made at least 1 order with a total value (not including the discount) equal to $10,000 or more. We only want to consider orders made in the year 2016. Who would we send the gift to? (Show customer ID, name, the order, and the total order amount.)
Answer:
Customer ID HANAR
Customer Name Hanari Carnes
Order ID 10981
Total Amount 15810.00
Explanation:
Companies focus on Customer retention policies for high valued customers. The companies do not want to upset their high valued clients and lose a great part of their sales from these customers. In this question all the high valued customers are sent gifts by the company who has shop for $10,000 or more from the company this year. From the given list we have sorted the high valued customers based on this criteria.
Petra Company uses standard costs for cost control and internal reporting. Fixed costs are budgeted at $36,000 per month at a normal operating level of 10,000 units of production output. During October, actual fixed costs were $40,000 and actual production output was 12,000 units.
Required:
a. Determine the fixed overhead budget variance.
b. Assume that the company applied fixed overhead to production on a per-unit basis. Determine the fixed overhead volume variance.
Answer: tough
Explanation:
From studying Geert Hofstede’s cultural dimensions, what differences exist between the United States and Brazil that may be relevant to your communication? 2. How can you use words to relate to each audience? 3. What images will you use for each audience?
Answer:
what differences exist between the United States and Brazil that may be relevant to your communication?
Using Geert Hofstede's cultural dimensions as a framework, we can determine that the United States is higher on individualism while Brazil is higher on collectivism.
The United States is also higher on restraint, while Brazil is higher on indulgence.
2. How can you use words to relate to each audience?
For the United States, you should use words that motivate individuals. For Brazil, you should words that motivate collective groups.
3. What images will you use for each audience?
Again, for the United States, you should use images that represent individualistic cultural values, while the opposite should be used for Brazil: picture that represent more collectivist cultural values.
The common stock of Auto Deliveries currently sells for $28.99 a share. The stock is expected to pay an annual dividend of $1.34 per share next year. The firm has established a pattern of increasing its dividends by 4 percent annually and expects to continue doing so. The estimated market rate of return on this stock is _______ percent.
Answer:
8.62%
Explanation:
The common stock of Auto deliveries currently sells for $28.99 per share
The stock is expected to pay a dividend of $1.34
The growth rate is 4%
= 4/100
= 0.04
Therefore, the market rate of return on the stock can be calculated as follows
Market rate= dividend/stock price + growth rate
= $1.34/$28.99 + 0.04
= 0.04622+0.04
= 0.0862×100
= 8.62%
Hence the estimated market rate of return on the stock is 8.62%
A copy machine acquired on July 1 with a cost of $1,450 has an estimated useful life of four years. Assuming that it will have a residual value of $250, determine the depreciation for the first year by the double-declining-balance method.
Answer:
Annual depreciation= $300
Explanation:
Giving the following information:
Purchasing price= $1,450
Salvage value= $250
Useful life= 4 years
First, we need to determine the annual depreciation for the whole year using the following formula:
Annual depreciation= 2*[(book value)/estimated life (years)]
Annual depreciation= 2*[(1,450 - 250) / 4]
Annual depreciation= $600
Now, for 6 months:
Annual depreciation= (600/12)*6= $300
What must be the price of a $ 2 comma 000 bond with a 5.8% coupon rate, annual coupons, and 30 years to maturity if YTM is 10.1 % APR?
Answer:
Price of bond= $1,196
Explanation:
The value of the bond is the present value(PV) of the future cash receipts expected from the bond. The value is equal to present values of interest payment plus the redemption value (RV).
Value of Bond = PV of interest + PV of RV
The value of bond would be worked out as follows:
Step 1
Calculate the PV of interest payments
Annual interest payment
= 5.8% × 2,000× = 116
PV of interest payment
A ×(1- (1+r)^(-n))/r
A- 116
r- annual yield 5.8%
n = 30
= 116 × (1-(1.101)^(-30)/0.101
= 1084.465
Step 2
PV of redemption Value
PV = $2000 × (1.101)^(-30)
= 111.53
Step 3
Price of bond
= 111.53 + 1084.465159 = 1195.99
Price of bond= $1,196
From past records it is known that 10% of items from a production line are defective. If two items are selected at random, what is the probability that only one is defective?
Answer:
0.2
Explanation:
The Probability distribution is the function which describes the likelihood of possible values assuming a random variable. The 10% of the items from the production line are assumed to be defective. There is a sample selection of 2 items. The probability that one of the item among the selected sample of two items is found defective is 0.2 (2 items sample *10%)
Which of the following business combinations is a vertical integration? A. The corner gas station buys the competitor across the street and shuts them down to increase its own market share. B. The corner gas station and the competitor across the street agree to set their prices at the same level. C. The corner gas station acquires the gasoline distributor to ensure they can get gas in times of shortages. D. The corner gas station starts selling fireworks during December/January and June/July.
Answer:
C. The corner gas station acquires the gasoline distributor to ensure they can get gas in times of shortages.
Explanation:
Vertical integration is the situation where the same company owns both the sources of supply and the distribution (retail) outlets. The description of (C) matches this definition.
A company's flexible budget for 13,200 units of production showed sales, $54,120; variable costs, $21,120; and fixed costs, $18,000. The operating income expected if the company produces and sells 19,600 units is:
Answer:
Net income= $31,000
Explanation:
Giving the following information:
Production= 13,200
Sales= 54,120
Variable costs= $21,120
Fixed costs= $18,000
First, we need to calculate the unitary contribution margin:
Unitary contribution margin= total contribution margin/number of units
Unitary contribution margin= (54,120 - 21,120) / 13,200
Unitary contribution margin= $2.5
Now, for 19,600 units:
Total contribution margin= 2.5*19,600= 49,000
Fixed costs= (18,000)
Net income= 31,000
he financial manager at Starbuck Industries is considering an investment that requires an initial outlay of $24,000 and is expected to produce cash inflows of $1,000 at the end of year 1, $5,000 at the end of years 2 and 3, $14,000 at the end of year 4, $9,000 at the end of year 5, and $7,000 at the end of year 6. a. Select the time line option that represents the cash flows associated with Starbuck Industries' proposed investment. b. Which of the approaches—future value or present value—do financial managers rely on most often for decision making? Why?
Answer:
Please check the attached image for the timeline image.
present value. this is because in making the decision of whether to carry out a project, the decision is made at the beginning of of the project and not in the future. so it is important to determine the present value to know if the project is profitable and should be carried out.
Explanation:
Timeline is arranges a series of events in chronological order. cash inflows are recorded as positive while cash outflows have a negative sign in front of the amount.
present value is the sum of discounted cash flows
With an increase in product advertising of $50 million you expect to increase sales by 10,000 units. If unit grow margin is $4,800, will the additional advertising increase product contribution?
Answer:
Income will decrease by $2,000,000.
Explanation:
Giving the following information:
Advertising increase= $50,000,000
Units increase= 10,000 units
Unit contribution margin= $4,800
To calculate the total effect on income, we need to use the following formula:
Effect on income= total contribution margin - increase in fixed costs
Effect on income= 10,000*4,800 - 50,000,000
Effect on income= $2,000,000 decrease
Income will decrease by $2,000,000.
During the last five years, average daily occupancy at Autumn Acres nursing home has slid from 125 to 95 even though Autumn Acres has cut its daily rate from $125 to $115. Do these data suggest that occupancy would have been higher if Autumn Acres had raised its rates? What changes in nonprice demand factors might explain this change? (The supply, or the number of nursing home beds in the area, has not changed during this period.)
Answer:
no
Decline in the number of aged people in the population
The quality of care offered might have declined
Preference to be cared for at home instead of at care home
increase in death rate among the elderly
Explanation:
Even though, there seem to be a positive correlation between the price of daily rates and occupancy. it doesn't imply that increasing the rates would increase occupancy rates. there might be other factors explaining the decline.
some of these factors include :
1. decline in the number of the aged in the population : if the proportion of the aged in the population has reduced, the nursing home would experience a decline in residents
2. if the quality of care received by patients has also reduced, the aged might prefer other nursing homes.
3. there might be a shift in reference. the aged might prefer to be cared for at home by family and friends instead of staying in a nursing home.
Increase in death rate among the elderly : if there is an increase in mortality rate, the care home would experience a decline in occupancy
Imprudential, inc., has an unfunded pension liability of $582 million that mustb be paid in 20 years. To assess the value of the firms stock, financialal analysts to discount the liability back to the present
If the relevant discount rate is 7.5 percent, what is the present value of this liability? (Enter your answer in dollars not in millions, e.g., 1,234,567. Do not round intermediate calculations and round your answer to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16.)
Answer:
Present value $137,010,452.17
Explanation:
Calculation for the present value of Imprudential, inc. liability
Using this formula
Present Value = FV / (1 + r)^t
Where,
FV =$582,000,000
=(1 + r)=(1+0.075=1.075)
t=20 Years
Let plug in the formula
Present Value = $582,000,000 / (1.075)^20
Present Value=$582,000,000/4.2478511
Present value= $137,010,452.17
Therefore the present value of Imprudential, inc. liability will be $137,010,452.17
Smith Services, Inc., was a trucking company established in 2000 and owned by Tony Smith as the sole shareholder. Smith Services, Inc., had an account with Laker Express, a fuel provider, and often would charge fuel purchases for the company trucks to that account. Smith’s employees would fuel their vehicles and sign the account slip with a notation that the purchase was for Smith Services, Inc. Laker Express would bill Smith Services regularly for the charges on the account. After several months of low business, Smith Services ceased doing business and was dissolved in 2013, with its assets being distributed to creditors. Laker Express only recovered a small part of the amount owed by Smith Services, Inc. Tony Smith then opened up a new trucking service business as a sole proprietor. Laker Express sought to recover Smith Services' unpaid fuel charges, which amounted to about $35,000, from Smith. He argued that he was not personally liable for a corporate debt. Should a court hold Tony Smith personally liable?
Assume that in addition to the facts given, that evidence was presented to the court that Smith, his wife, and their kids regularly used the account at Laker Express to fill up their personal vehicles. Does this change the outcome?
1. Given this new evidence, a court likely (would, would not) find that Laker Express was tricked or misled into dealing with the corporation rather than the individual.
2. The court likely (would, would not) find that the corporation was undercapitalized.
3. The court likely (would, would not) find that the corporation was created to evade an existing legal obligation.
4. The court likely (would, would not) find that the corporation failed to comply with the required corporate formalities and meetings.
5. The court likely (would, would not) find that the personal and corporate interests were commingled to such an extent that the corporation had no separate identity with regard to the relationship with Laker Express.
6. Because of these findings, the court likely (would, would not) pierce the corporate veil and hold Tony Smith personally responsible for the debt to Laker Express.
Answer:
Smith Services, Inc. and Laker Express
a. A court should not hold Tony Smith personally liable for the corporate debt of Smith Services, Inc to the tune of $35,000 representing unpaid fuel charges to Laker Express. This decision is given based on the facts presented in the case, so far.
b. Assuming that in addition to the given facts, evidence was presented to the court that Smith, his wife, and their kids regularly used the account at Laker Express to fill up their personal vehicles, then this evidence changes the outcome. Smith Service, Inc. has met one of the conditions for piercing the corporate veil. This condition is commingling the corporate account with personal expenses and use of corporate assets. This may also question if proper accounting records were being kept at the Smith Services.
c. Therefore,
1. Given this new evidence, a court likely (would, would not) find that Laker Express was tricked or misled into dealing with the corporation rather than the individual.
2. The court likely (would, would not) find that the corporation was undercapitalized.
3. The court likely (would, would not) find that the corporation was created to evade an existing legal obligation.
4. The court likely (would, would not) find that the corporation failed to comply with the required corporate formalities and meetings.
5. The court likely (would, would not) find that the personal and corporate interests were commingled to such an extent that the corporation had no separate identity with regard to the relationship with Laker Express.
6. Because of these findings, the court likely (would, would not) pierce the corporate veil and hold Tony Smith personally responsible for the debt to Laker Express.
Explanation:
To protect the legal status of corporations like Smith Services Inc. as limited liability entities, State courts reluctantly pierce the corporate veil, unless the requirements, which vary from state to state, are met. If Tony Smith does not the court to pierce the corporate veil of Smith Services, Inc., his former company should have used corporate assets only for corporate purposes. Based on the unpaid fuel charges, Tony Smith did not maintain the separation of ownership from his Smith Services, Inc. since he, his wife, their kids, and apparently the employees fuelled their personal cars on fuel charge to Laker Express for Smith Services, Inc. to offset.
1. Given this new evidence, a court would likely find that Laker Express was tricked or misled into dealing with the corporation rather than the individual.
2. The court would not likely find that the corporation was undercapitalized.
3. The court would not likely find that the corporation was created to evade an existing legal obligation.
4. The court likely would not find that the corporation failed to comply with the required corporate formalities and meetings.
5. The court likely would find that the personal and corporate interests were commingled to such an extent that the corporation had no separate identity with regard to the relationship with Laker Express.
6. Because of these findings, the court likely would pierce the corporate veil and hold Tony Smith personally responsible for the debt to Laker Express.
According to the case in hand, Tony Smith, the sole owner of Smith Services, a trucking company was accused of misappropriation of fuel for several years, up to the tune of $35, 000 which may or may not be the reason why the company went bankrupt.
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On January 1, an investment account is worth 300,000. M months later, the value has increased to 315,000 and 15,000 is withdrawn. 2M months prior to the end of the year, the account is again worth 315,000 and 15,000 is withdrawn. On December 31, the account is worth 315,000. The annual effective yield rate, using the dollar-weighted method, is 16%. Calculate M.
Answer:
M = 3
Explanation:
The first withdrawal takes place 1 - M/12 months until the end of the year. The second withdrawal takes place 2M/12 months before the end of the year.
$315,000 = ($300,000 x 1.16) - {$15,000 x [1 + 0.16(1 - M/12)]} - {$15,000 x [1 + 0.16(2M/12)]}
$315,000 = $348,000 - [$15,000 x (1.16 - 0.16M/12)] - [$15,000 x (1 + 0.32M/12)]
$315,000 = $348,000 - $17,400+ 200M - $15,000 - 400M
$315,000 = $315,600 - 200M
200M = $315,600 - $315,000 = $600
M = 600 / 200 = 3