On the ventral surface of the brain, you can observe the optic nerves and chiasma, the pituitary gland, and the mammillary bodies. These externally visible structures form the floor of the Diencephalon
"Diencephalon" is the term used to describe the structures around the 3rd ventricle and form the nucleus of the cerebrum "big brain", the members of the diencephalon are the thalamus, hypothalamus, subthalamus and epithalamus.
Diencephalon Function
The diencephalon plays a role in the motor control of sensory information exchange and the control of autonomic functions of various parts of the body. Examples of some activities that involve the work of the diencephalon are chewing, seeing, eye movements, facial expressions, hearing, breathing, swallowing, smelling and regulating body balance.
Structure and Parts of the Diencephalon
Diencephalon consists of 4 structures that have their respective specific tasks, namely:
1. Thalamus
The thalamus is a structure located in the middle of the brain, precisely between the cerebral cortex and the midbrain. The word thalamus comes from the Greek word which means inner space. The main function of this gland is to convey sensory and motor signals related to consciousness, sleep and alertness to the brain cortex, the thalamus is a suborgan of the diencephalon.
2. Hypothalamus
The hypothalamus is the part of the brain that is the control center of the autonomic system, the hypothalamus is located just above the brainstem. This gland-shaped organ is part of the endocrine system. In humans, the hypothalamus is about the size of a pea and accounts for 1% of the total brain weight.
3. Subthalamus
The subthalamus is an important extrapyramidal motor nucleus that has many connections with other nervous system nuclei. The function of the subthalamus is not yet fully understood, but if there is an abnormality in this part, there will be abnormalities in the movement of the foot or hand that hit strongly on one side of the body.
4. Epithalamus
The epithalamus is a narrow band of nerve tissue that forms the roof of the diencephalon, functions in regulating the body's circadian rhythm and inhibits gonadotropic hormones.
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Chromosomes and genes are alike because they both contain _____________________ material.
in winter, some birds stand on frozen ponds and lakes. how do they prevent their feet from freezing while simultaneously preventing excessive heat loss?
Through the process of countercurrent heat exchange in their legs, they keep their feet from freezing while maintaining a temperature above zero.
An entire foot needs a lot of energy to stay warm. These birds, however, let the foot get close to freezing. Birds use a countercurrent heat exchange system, and blood is still given to the foot. The warm arteries transmit heat to the chilly veins. Heat is maintained in the core very well by this countercurrent heat exchange system. The foot doesn't freeze because of periodic surges in blood flow that allow a small amount of heat to enter.
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What factor has not been available to scientists and has kept them from being able to produce a living cell
It has been challenging to research due to the cell's size. We have a variety of methods in which we are able to produce things that work similarly to cells.
All biological things are constructed from simple units called cells. Millions of billions of cells make up the human body. They provide the body structure, absorb nutrients from the diet, transform those nutrients into energy, and perform certain tasks.. Numerous, maybe even thousands, of tiny, unique structures known as organelles are found in the cytoplasm, which is made up of complex arrangements of microscopic fibers.
Research is "creative and systematic work undertaken" in order to advance the corpus of knowledge. It comprises the objective collecting, organization, and analysis of information to increase understanding of a topic or circumstance.. An extension of earlier work in the topic could be the focus of a research study.
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What is the process that causes harmful materials to seep into the ground and move through rock and soil and contaminate ground water?.
The process that causes harmful materials to seep into the ground and move through rock and soil and contaminate ground water is through precipitation and lead to groundwater contamination.
When man-made substances like chemicals, oil, road salts, and gasoline contaminate groundwater, they render it hazardous and unfit for human consumption. The soil can allow substances from the surface of the land to pass through it and end up in the groundwater.
Groundwater quality can be impacted by industrial discharges, urban activities, agriculture, groundwater pumping, and waste disposal. Human activity can cause contaminants, such as through harmful chemical spills or leaking fuel tanks.
Poor drinking water quality, a lack of water supply, deteriorated surface water systems, expensive cleanup expenses, high prices for alternative water supplies, and/or significant health issues can all result from ground water contamination.
Thus, through percolation of these hazardous components the ground water gets contaminated.
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Is water wet? If not, explain?
Answer: yes
Explanation:
because its water
Which rna is a copy made from a dna strand that can be transported to a ribosome?.
Answer:
mRNA
Explanation:
also known as messager RNA
made from DNA template
takes it to rRNA
translated by the rRNA
also known as ribosomal RNA
they help translate the codons
make protein when stop codon is sent out
describe how quorum sensing and two-component regulatory systems allow cells to adapt to fluctuating environmental conditions.
Bacteria may regulate their gene expression in response to their population density through quorum sensing (QS) regulation.
Although their production level can also be altered by the environment, the bacteria create signaling molecules that build up during particular phases of development.
Bacteria employ the generation and detection of extracellular substances known as autoinducers, a kind of cell-cell communication known as quorum sensing, to track the density of their population of cells. Quorum sensing enables bacteria to coordinate their collective gene expression and operate as a single unit.
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in an isotonic solution, the amount of solutes inside the cell is _____ to the amount of solutes inside the cell
Answer:
isotonic
Explanation:
How is the reproductive system useful
The function of hemoglobin is to carry ________ from the lungs throughout the body.
Answer: Oxegyn or blood
Explanation: It is either one of these choices.
if a serum specimen is diluted 1:2 with buffer beginning in tube 2 and serially diluted 1:2 in each of five subsequent test tubes that follow, what is the final dilution of serum in tube 5 ?
The ratio of serum concentration in the final tube to that in the first tube is 1:64. (or 164 of the original concentration).
The proportion of the parts in respect to one another is expressed as a part-to-part ratio. The whole is made up of all its component components. "1 to 2" is how the ratio 1: 2 is written. This indicates that out of the sum of 3, one component is worth 1 and another part is worth 2.
When a solvent is added, the concentration of the solute in the solution is diluted. By removing the solvent, concentration raises the solute concentration in the solution. Because each molecule needs a certain amount of energy to break bonds, dissociation rises with dilution. Take HCl as an example; it requires a certain amount of energy to split into H+ and Cl-.
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before endosymbiosis could occur, what must have been present? a. an atmosphere with high levels of oxygen b. aggregated continental crust via plate tectonics c. oceans with salinities close to the modern level d. multiple species of prokaryotic organisms e. an ozone layer, to protect genetic material from the effects of ultraviolet radiation
Answer:
D. Multiple species of prokaryotic organisms.
Explanation:
Hope this helps!!!
A scientist discovered a new organism. she found that the cells have membrane-bound organelles, an irregular shape, and increase in size by dividing. what type of organism did she most likely discover?
A scientist discovered a new organism and found that cells have membrane-bound organelles, irregular shape, and increase in size by dividing. Type of organism that she most likely discovered is : animal cells.
What is an animal cell?Animal cells lack rigidity, therefore they have round and irregular shapes whereas cell wall of plant is made of cellulose that gives plant cells rigidity and a fixed rectangular shape.
Animal cells are type of the eukaryotic cell that enclosed by a plasma membrane and having a membrane-bound nucleus and organelles. Animal cells do not have a cell wall, unlike eukaryotic cells of plants and fungi,
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The birth of the study of human relations within business organizations can be traced to?.
The birth of study of human relations within business organizations can be traced to the Hawthorne studies from1924 to 1932.
What is human relation within business?The human relations movement was born from the Hawthorne studies which was conducted by Elton Mayo and Fritz Roethlisberger from year 1924 to 1932.
The ability to interact in a healthy manner with others and build a strong relationships is known as Human relations. It is the process of creating systems and communication channels to enable group employee relationships and also one-on-one relationships.
The human relations theory of management began developing in the early 1920s and now, it is important to every business. Understanding the involved skills and theories is key for the success of employees.
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16. Which of the statements below is true about
binomial nomenclature?
a) It is a two-word naming system that is used for
naming species
b) It is a system of giving names to bacteria
c) It is an organelle of a cell
what techniques could be used to demonstrate that a mutation in a man with hemophilia is due to the insertion of an alu element into the coding sequence of the x-linked gene for factor viii, one of the proteins needed for efficient blood clotting in humans?
Therefore, if a guy inherits an X chromosome that has a mutation in either the factor VIII or factor IX gene, they may develop a disease similar to hemophilia. Hemophilia can also affect women, however this is far less common. In these situations, either both of the X chromosomes are afflicted, or one is affected while the other is absent or inactive.
What is Mutation ?A mutation in biology is an adjustment to the nucleic acid sequence of an organism's, virus's, or extrachromosomal DNA. DNA or RNA can be found in the viral genome.
Mutations that are harmful can result in cancer or genetic diseases. A genetic disorder is a condition brought on by a change in one or more genes. Cystic fibrosis is a human example. A single gene mutation causes the body to create thick, sticky mucus that obstructs digestive organ ducts and clogs the lungs.
Missense, nonsense, insertion, deletion, duplication, and frameshift are just a few categories of gene mutations. The advent of lethal diseases like cancer is one of the main consequences of a gene mutation.
What is Hemophilia ?An genetic bleeding ailment called hemophilia causes the blood to clot improperly. This may result in both spontaneous bleeding and bleeding after injury or surgery. Blood contains a variety of clotting proteins that can aid in halting bleeding.
A moderate form of hemophilia A or B usually results in substantial bleeding after an accident. Additionally, you can have bleeding after an injury if you have hemophilia A or B in its most severe forms. spontaneous bruising of the muscles or joints
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What does a nucleotide consist of?
Answer:
A molecule consisting of a nitrogen-containing base ( adenine, guanine, thymine, or cytosine in DNA; adenine, guanine, uracil, or cytosine in RNA), a phosphate group, and a sugar (deoxyribose in DNA; ribose in RNA ).
Explanation:
Answer: A nucleotide consists of a nitrogenous base, a pentose sugar and a phosphate group.
Explanation:
Shira observes that the shape of cell a appears normal, while cell b appears swollen and cell c is shrunken. The apparent shrinking of cell c indicates the reaction of the cell to what?.
The apparent shrinking of cell c indicates the reaction of the cell to hypertonic solution.
A cell will lose volume if it is submerged in a hypertonic solution because there will be a net flow of water out of the cell. If a solution's solute concentration is greater than that of the cell and the solutes are unable to permeate the membrane, the solution will be hypertonic to the cell.
Thus, in hypertonic solution the cell will shrink and shape of cell will be deformed.
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the amniotic egg appeared once, in the most recent common ancestor of sauropsids and mammals, and was retained over evolutionary time. which tree correctly shows the location of the appearance of the amniotic egg?
The homology tree shows the location of the appearance of the amniotic egg correctly since it advanced once and was kept up over evolutionary time.
The amniotic egg is a homology since it advanced once and was kept up over evolutionary time.
The amniotic egg: An air-breathing egg characterized by a shell and extraembryonic films. These encased the amniote developing life in a private lake amid its advancement and interceded gas exchange with the outside environment.
Amniotes are a clade of tetrapod vertebrates that comprises sauropsids and synapsids.
They are recognized from the other tetrapod clade — the creatures of land and water — by the advancement of three extraembryonic layers, thicker and more keratinized skin, and coastal breath.
In well-evolved creatures, layers that are homologous to the extra-embryonic layers in eggs are displayed within the placenta. Extra-determined characteristics of amniotes incorporate waterproof skin, due to the nearness of lipids, and costal (rib) ventilation of the lungs.
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one of the largest cypress trees in florida has a tree trunk with a diameter of about 3.5 meters. what is the source of most of the carbon in the cypress tree's trunk?
The majority of the carbon in the cypress tree's trunk was absorbed by the tree when it ingested carbon dioxide molecules from the atmosphere.
What components make up the atmosphere?It is an amalgam of many gases. Approximately 78% of the air in Earth's atmosphere is nitrogen, while 21% is oxygen. Small amounts of other gases, including carbon dioxide, neon, and hydrogen, are also present in air.
How does atmosphere become made?Because of radiation from the Sun, early Earth lost its hydrogen, helium, and other hydrogen-containing gases, leaving it without an atmosphere. Gases locked in the early Earth's interior were released, creating the first atmosphere, a process that continues today in volcanoes.
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Explore It! Question #4: Look around you. Describe how you could use an
object in the room to simulate the motion of this type of wave.
Your answer
Answer:
A longitudinal wave can be created in a slinky if the slinky is stretched out in a horizontal direction and the first coils of the slinky are vibrated horizontally. In such a case, each individual coil of the medium is set into vibrational motion in directions parallel to the direction that the energy is transported.
Explanation:
HELPPP!!! Question 6 of 10 Which two statements describe examples of inferences used to draw scientific conclusions?
A. A cheetah has a speed of 33 m per second over short distances because the cheetah sprinted 330 m in 10 seconds.
B. T. rex must have been a carnivore because fossilized remains show teeth well-suited to biting and crushing bones.
C. It will rain this afternoon because the satellite images show increased cloud cover moving in this direction.
D. The population of black bears in a 100 km² area has increased from 14 to 18 in the past year.
Answer:
Determine which equation is false, based on the solution set S:{4}.
3t = 12
3m + 7 = 14
4(4c + 1) = 68
9 = 5p − 11
Explanation:
Answer:B and C
Explanation: inference is a guess based on reasoning, not numbers, using educated guesses is an inference. Finding out things with numbers isnt. So B and C are the answers
After ingestion, the first type of macromolecule to be worked on by enzymes in the human digestive system is.
Enzymes with in human digestive system begin working with carbohydrates as soon as they are ingested as the first form of macromolecule.
What happens after digestion?Chewing triggers the start of digestion, which is completed there in small intestine. Large food molecules split into smaller ones as they move through the GI tract and combine with digestive fluids.
Why is proper digestion important?To be converted into nutrients that body can use for energy, development, and cell repair, food must first be digested. Nutrients from food and drink need to be broken up into smaller molecules before being absorbed by the circulation and sent to the cells around the body.
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which possible cause of doms is also a cause of cellular damage in muscular dystrophy and alcohol-induced cardiomyopathy
DOMS and cellular damage in muscular dystrophy and alcohol-induced cardiomyopathy are caused by elevated calcium levels, which rush into injured tissue and slow repair.
DOMS, commonly referred to as "muscle fever," is delayed onset muscle soreness. After engaging in new and strenuous exercise, the muscles feel sore, achy, and unpleasant. The most frequent cause of DOMS, which is transient muscle injury and inflammation, seems to be eccentric activity. Muscular dystrophy is a muscle disorder in mutated genes in body doesn't allow the formation of protiens required for healthy muscle cells. Alcoholism causes your heart to change form, a condition known as alcoholic cardiomyopathy.
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Evaporation of 1 quart of perspiration releases about ______ kilocalories of heat energy from the body.
Answer:
Evaporation of 1 quart of perspiration releases about 600 kilocalories of heat energy from the body.
Explanation:
Which characteristic was not advantageous for organisms in the million years after the catastrophic asteroid impact?.
(A) "Large body size" is the characteristic that was not advantageous for organisms in the million years after the catastrophic asteroid impact.
At first, having a large body was a disadvantage. Large animals have a high feeding need and a sluggish rate of reproduction. Larger animals eventually took control of the landscape, much as dinosaurs had done millions of years before. Large bodies are detrimental to organisms since they need less food and room to exist, which increases their viability.
Option B is false since living underground boosts survival odds and reduces predation. Option C is inaccurate since spores enable organisms to survive inclement weather. Option D is false since living near rivers and marshes offers access to shelter, food, and water.
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Question correction:
Which characteristic was NOT advantageous for organisms in the million years after the catastrophic asteroid impact?
A. Large body size
B. Dwelling underground
C. Self-contained spores
D. Dwelling in swamps or rivers
If a human cell has more or less than the correct number of chromosomes, what is a likely result? Select all that apply.
a
It can cause mutations in the DNA of the human.
b
It can result in lower human diversity.
c
It can cause the human's DNA to replicate.
d
It can cause cell cloning in humans.
e
It can result in humans not being able to reproduce
If a human cell has more or less than the correct number of chromosomes then it will lead to mutations. Option a is correct.
What is the number of chromosomes ?The human genome is made up to use 23 pairs of chromosomes that is 46 chromosomes in all. Out of these 22 are autosomes and 1 pair is sex chromosomes.
DNA is required to function properly at the pair of 23 chromosomes only. Various mutations leading to diseases takes place if abnormality occurs.
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how does iodine staining effect the life process of the cell
Answer:
As a biological stain, iodine is useful for studying plant cells because it stains starch blue-black and in animal tissue, it can help in the demonstration of nuclei and cell membranes
given what you know about glycolysis and regulation of metabolism by this enzyme, what is the mechanism by which phosphofructokinase activity differs depending on atp concentration?
ADP and ATP both inhibit and activate the allosteric enzyme .
How does the enzyme phosphofructokinase control glycolysis?The ability of to control glycolysis through allosteric inhibition enables the cell to alter the rate of glycolysis in response to its need for energy. For instance, and glycolysis will be inhibited by a high ATP to ADP ratio.
The glycolytic pathway has three main enzymatic control sites. These transitions include the hexokinase, phosphofructokinase, and pyruvate kinase enzymes.
This widespread is mostly due to the fact that catalyses a process that is out of equilibrium and that it displays an in tricate and sophisticated regulatory behaviour that indicates its capacity to integrate signals from several pathways.
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what will happen to the cl- equilibrium potential, if one changes the extracellular chloride concentration from 560 mm to 100 mm? give the direction of cl- flow.
The chlorine (cl-) will flow from higher concentration to lower concentration, that is from 560 mm towards the 100 mm direction.
Concentration gradient is more important in cellular metabolism. They maintain the solute solvent interaction properly.
To maintain a stable concentration, the cell attains an equilibrium of solute solvent. That is they flow from higher concentration to lower concentration to maintain an equilibrium.
Chloride ions (Cl−) are pivotal in neuronal signaling; they permeate through anion channels thereby regulating membrane potential and excitability in neurons. A large proportion of Cl− permeable channels are gated by the neurotransmitters GABA and glycine.
Neurotransmitters are signaling molecules that flow from one cell receptor to another to transfer signals to other cells and tissues of the body. Therefore, to maintain equilibrium, the cl- ion will flow from higher concentration to lower concentration.
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