The statement is false because there is no ethical norm or guideline established for marketers that limits the selling price of a product to 25 percent above its cost.
In a market economy, the price of a product is typically determined by supply and demand, as well as by factors such as production costs, marketing expenses, and competition. While some companies may choose to price their products at a lower margin than others, there is no industry-wide standard or ethical norm that requires a specific pricing strategy.
However, there are ethical guidelines related to pricing, such as avoiding deceptive pricing practices and ensuring that prices are fair and transparent to consumers.
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. what is the present (year 0) value of the cash flow stream if the opportunity cost rate is 10 percent?
To calculate the present value of a cash flow stream, you need to discount each cash flow by the opportunity cost rate. The present value is the sum of all discounted cash flows.
For example, if the cash flow stream is $100 for each of the next five years, the calculation would be:
Year 1: $100 / (1 + 0.1)^1 = $90.91
Year 2: $100 / (1 + 0.1)^2 = $82.64
Year 3: $100 / (1 + 0.1)^3 = $75.13
Year 4: $100 / (1 + 0.1)^4 = $68.30
Year 5: $100 / (1 + 0.1)^5 = $62.09
Present value = $90.91 + $82.64 + $75.13 + $68.30 + $62.09 = $379.07
Therefore, the present (year 0) value of the cash flow stream is $379.07 if the opportunity cost rate is 10 percent. The opportunity cost rate represents the return that could be earned on an alternative investment with similar risk, so it is used as a benchmark to determine whether the cash flow stream is worth investing in.
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Classic Potato Chips is thinking of distributing a coupon on its 454 g bag of regular crinkled chips. Currently, the cost of producing a bag of chips is $0.60, with typical expenses of $0.21 per bag. Classic sells the bag to retailers for $1.50 per bag. The coupon is in the amount of $0.60, while retailers are offered $0.13 for handling expenses. Classic forecasts an increase in sales of 500,000 bags with the coupon, incurring total marketing expenses of $115,000. What is its profit (or loss) per unit if Classic goes forward with the coupon? For full marks your answer(s) should be rounded to the nearest cent. Profit/loss = $ 0.00
The answer to the question is if Classic goes forward with the coupon, their profit or loss per unit would be a loss of $0.64 per bag.
We need to calculate the profit or loss per unit for Classic Potato Chips if they go forward with the coupon.
1. Calculate the total cost per bag without the coupon:
Cost of production: $0.60
Expenses per bag: $0.21
Total cost per bag = $0.60 + $0.21 = $0.81
2. Calculate the revenue per bag without the coupon:
Revenue per bag = Selling price to retailers = $1.50
3. Calculate the total cost per bag with the coupon:
Cost of production: $0.60
Expenses per bag: $0.21
Coupon amount: $0.60
Retailer handling expenses: $0.13
Total cost per bag = $0.60 + $0.21 + $0.60 + $0.13 = $1.54
4. Calculate the revenue per bag with the coupon:
Revenue per bag = Selling price to retailers - Coupon amount = $1.50 - $0.60 = $0.90
5. Calculate the profit or loss per unit with the coupon:
Profit/loss per unit = Revenue per bag with the coupon - Total cost per bag with the coupon
Profit/loss per unit = $0.90 - $1.54 = -$0.64
So, if Classic goes forward with the coupon, their profit or loss per unit would be a loss of $0.64 per bag.
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Policymakers in the US and another European country have identified this particular part of the market as deserving special attention when it comes to allocation of funds for loans. A. stock market B. bond market C. residential real estate D. all of the above
The correct answer is C. residential real estate. Policymakers in the US and some European countries have identified the housing market as an important sector that deserves special attention when it comes to the allocation of funds for loans.
This is because residential real estate is considered a fundamental pillar of the economy and its stability is crucial for overall economic growth. Housing market policies have a direct impact on employment, consumer spending, and household wealth, making it a vital sector to support.
Additionally, governments in some countries also provide tax incentives and subsidies to promote affordable housing and boost home ownership rates.
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Eight years ago Zack& Co. had purchased an equipment fo: $1,200,000. This equipment was being depreciated on a straight line basis over a 12 year period to a 300,000 salvage value. The equipment has six more years of economic life. During this period the annual revenues and operating costs assocaited with this machine are expected to be $388,000 and $87,500, respectively. Zack is now considering replacing this machine with a more modern one. The old equipment can now be sold for $180,000. Investment in net working capital is expected to increase by $132,000 as a result of the investment. The new machine will cost $1,500,000 and another $120,000 will be needed to modify it. This machine falls into the ACRS 5-year class life. It. is also expected to have an economic life of SiX years. The annual revenue and operating costs from the new machine are expected to be $750,000 and $58,000, respectively. At the sixth year Zack expects to sell the nes machine for $180,000. Zack's marginal tax rate is 34%. The equipment will be equity financed. (14 pts.) 1 Please calculate Zack's Net Investment and the Net Cash flows for the next six years if the replacement decision is made.
The net investment for the replacement decision is $1,512,000 and the net cash flows for the next six years are -$186,600, $322,800, $436,000, $386,000, $347,800, and $293,400 respectively.
To calculate the net cash flows for the next six years, we need to calculate the annual depreciation expense for the new machine using the ACRS depreciation method, which is $240,000 for the first year and $360,000 for the second year.
We also need to calculate the tax savings from the depreciation expense, which is $81,600 for the first year and $122,400 for the second year. Then, we can calculate the net operating cash flows for each year by subtracting the operating costs and taxes from the revenues.
Finally, we can calculate the net cash flows for each year by subtracting the net operating cash flows, the investment in net working capital, and the annual loan payments from the tax savings. At the end of the sixth year, we add the salvage value of the new machine and the salvage value of the old machine to get the total net cash flow.
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what exclusive organization's membership is invited to become members based on excellence in craftsmanship and other requirements such as number of ateliers (workrooms)?
The exclusive organization's membership that is invited to become members based on excellence in craftsmanship and other requirements such as the number of ateliers (workrooms) is the Meilleurs Ouvriers de France (Best Craftsmen of France).
This organization was founded in 1924 and recognizes exceptional skills and expertise in various crafts, such as cooking, pastry-making, carpentry, jewelry-making, and more. The membership is limited to those who have won the prestigious competition "Un des Meilleurs Ouvriers de France" (One of the Best Craftsmen of France), which is held every four years and requires the contestants to undergo a rigorous selection process and demonstrate their mastery of their craft.
The organization aims to promote and preserve the French tradition of excellence in craftsmanship and to support the development of young craftsmen.
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greg is paid for the number of hours he works or for the number of units he produces, whichever is higher. which form of compensation does greg receive?
Greg receives a form of compensation that is commonly referred to asvariable pay or performance-based pay.
Under this form of compensation, Greg's pay is based on either the number of hours he works or the number of units he produces, whichever is higher. This means that if Greg produces more units than the number of hours he works, he will receive pay based on the number of units he produces. On the other hand, if he works more hours than the number of units he produces, he will receive pay based on the number of hours he works.
Variable pay is often used in industries where productivity is critical, such as manufacturing, construction, and sales. This form of compensation is designed to motivate employees to work more efficiently and to increase their productivity by rewarding them for their performance.
Overall, the use of variable pay can help organizations to align employee performance with business goals and objectives, which can ultimately lead to increased profitability and success.
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A stock recently paid a $5/share dividend and they currently have a constant growth policy with g=10%/year. They will maintain this policy for the next 3 years. The growth rate will fall down to 3%/year after year 3 into perpetuity (i.e., from year 3 to year 4, the growth rate is 3%). R = 15%. Calculate the stock price. A stock will pay the following dividends over the next 5 years: $4 in year 1, $4.5 in year 2, $5 in year 3, $5.5 in year 4, and $6 in year 5. Afterwards, they will maintain a zero growth dividend policy. R=15%. Calculate the stock price.
For the first scenario, the stock price is $93.86.
For the second scenario, the stock price is $50.37.
For the first scenario,
To calculate the stock price in the first scenario, we use the formula:
[tex]P0 = (D1 / (r - g)) + (D2 / (1+r)^2) + (D3 / (1+r)^3) + (P3 / (r - g))[/tex]
where D1, D2, and D3 are the dividends in years 1, 2, and 3 respectively, r is the required rate of return, g is the growth rate, and P3 is the expected stock price in year 3.
Plugging in the given values, we get:
[tex]P0 = ($5.50 / (0.15 - 0.10)) + ($6.05 / (1.15)^2) + ($6.66 / (1.15)^3) + ($182.78 / (0.15 - 0.03)) = $93.86.[/tex]
For the second scenario,
To calculate the stock price in the second scenario, we use the formula:
[tex]P0 = (D1 / (1+r)) + (D2 / (1+r)^2) + (D3 / (1+r)^3) + (D4 / (r - g)) + (D5 / (r - g)) / (1+r)^5[/tex]
where D1 to D5 are the dividends in years 1 to 5 respectively, r is the required rate of return, and g is the growth rate.
Plugging in the given values, we get:
[tex]P0 = ($4 / 1.15) + ($4.5 / (1.15)^2) + ($5 / (1.15)^3) + ($5.5 / (0.15 - 0.03)) + ($6 / (0.15 - 0.03)) / (1.15)^5 = $50.37[/tex]
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Consider the following example: Assume that Hilary Taylor from New Orleans, Louisiana borrows $2,500 for four years at 7% add-on interest to be repaid in 48 monthly installments.
In the given example, Hilary Taylor from New Orleans, Louisiana has borrowed $2,500 for four years at 7% add-on interest. This means that the interest is added to the principal amount and the borrower pays interest on the entire loan amount.
The loan is to be repaid in 48 monthly installments. It is important to note that the add-on interest rate is higher than the simple interest rate, which is calculated on the remaining principal amount. Therefore, Hilary will pay more interest over the life of the loan than if she had taken a loan with a simple interest rate.
happy to help you with your question. In this example, Hilary Taylor from New Orleans, Louisiana borrows $2,500 for four years with a 7% add-on interest. To calculate the total interest, multiply the loan amount by the interest rate and the loan term: $2,500 x 0.07 x 4 = $700. The total amount to be repaid is the sum of the borrowed amount and the interest: $2,500 + $700 = $3,200. Hilary will repay the loan in 48 monthly installments, so to find the monthly payment, divide the total amount by the number of installments: $3,200 / 48 ≈ $66.67.
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Hilary will have to make monthly payments of $66.67 for the next four years to repay the loan.
In the given example, Hilary Taylor from New Orleans, Louisiana has borrowed $2,500 for four years at 7% add-on interest.
The interest rate of 7% add-on means that the interest will be calculated on the original amount borrowed, and not on the outstanding balance after each payment. The loan is to be repaid in 48 monthly installments, which means that Hilary will have to make 48 equal payments over the course of four years.
To calculate the monthly payment, we first need to calculate the total amount of interest that will be charged over the four-year period. The add-on interest rate of 7% means that the total interest charged will be 7% of the original loan amount, multiplied by the number of years, which is four. Therefore, the total interest charged will be:
$2,500 x 7% x 4 = $700
The total amount that Hilary will have to repay will be the original loan amount plus the total interest charged, which is:
$2,500 + $700 = $3,200
To calculate the monthly payment, we divide the total amount to be repaid by the number of monthly payments:
$3,200 / 48 = $66.67
Therefore, Hilary will have to make monthly payments of $66.67 for the next four years to repay the loan. It is important to note that while the monthly payments may seem manageable, the add-on interest rate of 7% means that Hilary will end up paying significantly more in interest over the course of the loan. It is always important to carefully consider the interest rate and repayment terms of any loan before borrowing.
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true or false? reintermediation in the healthcare channel would be represented by a company such as zocdoc.
The statement is true because reintermediation refers to the reintroduction of intermediaries into a supply chain that had previously been eliminated.
In the healthcare industry, reintermediation can occur when companies such as Zocdoc act as intermediaries between patients and healthcare providers.
Zocdoc is an online platform that allows patients to book appointments with healthcare providers. The platform provides a marketplace where patients can search for healthcare providers based on their location, insurance coverage, and other criteria.
Healthcare providers can also use the platform to manage their schedules, accept appointments, and communicate with patients. By acting as an intermediary between patients and healthcare providers, Zocdoc helps to streamline the appointment booking process, improve access to healthcare, and reduce the administrative burden on healthcare providers.
This is an example of reintermediation in the healthcare industry, as Zocdoc has reintroduced intermediaries into the supply chain to provide value to patients and healthcare providers.
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Intro Find the present values of these annuities due. Part 1What is the present value of $9,000 per quarter for 4 years with an annual interest rate of 4.8% (APR with quarterly compounding)? ____ decimals Submit
The present value of the annuity due is $126,083.28 (rounded to the nearest cent).
How to calculate the present value of an annuity due?When calculating the present value of an annuity due, we need to take into account that each payment is made at the beginning of the period. The formula to calculate the present value of an annuity due is:
[tex]PV = C \times \frac{[(1 - (1 +\frac{ r}{n)^{(-n*t))}}} { (\frac{r}{n)}] \times (1 +\frac{ r}{n}})[/tex]
Where:
PV = Present value of the annuity due
C = Regular payment amount
r = Annual interest rate (as a decimal)
n = Number of compounding periods per year
t = Number of years
Plugging in the given values, we get:
PV =[tex]\$9,000 \times \frac{[(1 - (\frac{1 + 0.048}{4)^{(-4*4))}}} { (0.048/4)] }\times (\frac{1 + 0.048}{4})[/tex]
Solving this equation, we get:
PV = $9,000 × 14.0092
PV = $126,083.28
Therefore, the present value of the annuity due is $126,083.28 (rounded to the nearest cent).
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A company currently retains 65% of its earnings ($5.5 a share this year). It earns an ROE of 14%, and you assume a required rate of return of 11%. Calculate the forward P/E of the company. Present your answer as a number and round the answer to 2 decimal places, e.g. 10.23. Answer: Growth stocks consistently outperform value stocks. Select one: O True O False
The forward P/E of the company, in this case, is 18.42. In the statement "Growth stocks consistently outperform value stocks," the answer is false. Growth and value stocks can outperform each other depending on market conditions, investor sentiment, and economic factors.
To calculate the forward P/E of the company with a 65% retention rate, $5.5 earnings per share, 14% ROE, and an 11% required rate of return, you need to follow these steps:
1. Calculate the growth rate (g) using the retention rate and ROE:
g = Retention Rate * ROE
[tex]= 0.65 \times 0.14 = 0.091 (or 9.1%)[/tex]
2. Calculate the forward P/E ratio using the dividend discount model formula:
P/E = (1 - Retention Rate) / (Required Rate of Return - Growth Rate)
= (1 - 0.65) / (0.11 - 0.091) = 0.35 / 0.019 = 18.42
So, the forward P/E of the company is 18.42.
Regarding the statement "Growth stocks consistently outperform value stocks," the answer is false. Growth and value stocks can outperform each other depending on market conditions, investor sentiment, and economic factors.
Growth stocks have the potential for higher returns due to their rapid growth and future earnings potential. However, they also carry higher risks and can underperform during economic downturns or when growth expectations are not met.
Value stocks, on the other hand, are considered undervalued and can provide consistent returns with lower risk. The performance of growth and value stocks varies over time, and a balanced investment approach is recommended for long-term success.
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Complete Question:
A company currently retains 65% of its earnings ($5.5 a share this year). It earns an ROE of 14%, and you assume a required rate of return of 11%. Calculate the forward P/E of the company.
Growth stocks consistently outperform value stocks. True or False.
some experts argue that applying total-quality-management principles to performance appraisals can improve them. group of answer choices true false
The given statement is true because Total Quality Management (TQM) principles can be applied to many areas of an organization, including performance appraisals.
TQM emphasizes the importance of continuous improvement, customer satisfaction, and employee involvement. When applied to performance appraisals, TQM can help organizations focus on improving the process of evaluating and providing feedback to employees.
TQM principles can be used to create a more collaborative and participative performance appraisal process that involves both the manager and the employee. This can include setting performance goals together, regularly reviewing progress, and providing ongoing feedback to help employees improve their performance.
TQM can also help to identify and eliminate biases in the performance appraisal process, ensuring that evaluations are fair and objective.
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the accompanying schedule contains data for a private closed economy. all figures are in billions. if gross investment is $10 at all levels of gdp, the equilibrium gdp will be
1) The equilibrium GDP will be 220. The calculations for the same are shown in the below section.
Macroeconomic equilibrium happens whilst the amount of actual GDP demanded equals the amount of actual GDP provided on the factor of intersection of the AD curve and the AS curve. If the amount of actual GDP provided exceeds the amount demanded, inventories pile up in order that companies will reduce manufacturing and prices. if we desired to forecast how much (aggregate) expenditure might arise whilst GDP is $20,000, then we are able to simply plug $20,000 into that equation for Y and solve. The solution might be that AE = $15,000 whilst Y = $20,000. Remember, however, that our aim is to locate the factor in which this economic system is at equilibrium.
The equilibrium GDP will be calculated as follows-
C + I = 210 + 10 = 220
when GDP is 220.
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Complete question-
1: GDP C $140 $150 180 180 220 210 260 240 300 270 The Accompanying Schedule Contains Data For A Private Closed Economy. All Figures Are In Billions. If Gross Investment Is $10 At All Levels Of GDP, The Equilibrium GDP Will Be Question 25 Options:
1:
GDP C
$140 $150
180 180
220 210
260 240
300 270
The accompanying schedule contains data for a private closed economy. All figures are in billions. If gross investment is $10 at all levels of GDP, the equilibrium GDP will be
have you ever engaged in a food-getting practice with an immediate return, such as hunting, fishing, or gathering? how was this experience different than purchasing the same type of food at the grocery store? have you ever engage in a food-getting practice with a delayed return? please discuss and describe your responses.
Humans have been engaging in food-getting practices with immediate and delayed returns for thousands of years.
These practices involve activities such as hunting, fishing, and gathering, which provide food for immediate consumption, or activities such as planting and harvesting crops, which provide food for delayed consumption. The experience of engaging in food-getting practices with an immediate return can be very different from purchasing food at a grocery store.
It involves a physical and emotional connection with the natural environment and a sense of accomplishment and satisfaction when successfully obtaining food. On the other hand, purchasing food at a grocery store involves less effort and is more convenient, but lacks the sense of connection to the food source.
Engaging in food-getting practices with a delayed return, such as planting and harvesting crops, requires patience and planning. It can also involve a sense of uncertainty, as factors such as weather, pests, and disease can affect the success of the crop. However, it can also be rewarding to see the fruits of one's labor and to be self-sufficient in terms of food production.
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a large automobile repair shop installs about 1,250 mufflers per year, 18 percent of which are for imported cars. (assume a very steady demand rate.) all of the imported-car mufflers are purchased from a single local supplier at a cost of $18.50 each. the shop uses a holding cost based on a 25 percent cost of capital (i.e., 25% of the purchase cost). the fixed cost for placing an order is estimated to be $28. the following questions are about imported-car mufflers only. a. determine the optimal number of imported-car mufflers the shop should purchase each time an order is placed, and the time between placement of orders. b. if the (replenishment) lead-time is six weeks, what are the reorder point and on-hand inventory at the time of placing an order? c. the current reorder policy is to buy imported-car mufflers only once a year. what is the additional annual inventory cost (which consists of annual holding cost and order (setup) cost) incurred by this policy? d. due to some administrative reason, the manager decides to order every quarter (3months). repeat (c) with this order interval. do you see anything about the robustness of the eoq model?
Here's the answer to each of the question:
a. The optimal number of imported-car mufflers the shop should purchase each time an order is placed can be calculated using the Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) model.
EOQ = √[(2DS)/H]
where D = annual demand, S = ordering cost per order, and H = holding cost per unit per year.
Given,
Annual demand (D) = 18% of 1,250 = 225 mufflers per year
Ordering cost (S) = $28 per order
Holding cost (H) = 25% of $18.50 = $4.625 per muffler per year
Substituting the values,
EOQ = √[(222528)/4.625] = 103 mufflers per order (rounded to nearest integer)
The time between placement of orders can be calculated as:
Time between orders = EOQ / D = 103/225 = 0.457 years or approximately 5.48 months.
b. The reorder point is the level of inventory at which an order should be placed to avoid stockouts during the lead time. The lead time is given as 6 weeks, which is approximately 0.115 years. The reorder point can be calculated as:
Reorder point = D * Lead time = 225 * 0.115 = 25.875 or approximately 26 mufflers
On-hand inventory at the time of placing an order should be equal to the EOQ minus the reorder point, which is:
On-hand inventory = EOQ - Reorder point = 103 - 26 = 77 mufflers
c. If the current reorder policy is to buy imported-car mufflers only once a year, the additional annual inventory cost can be calculated by comparing the annual cost of the current policy to the annual cost of the EOQ model.
Annual cost of current policy = (D * H) + (D/Q) * S
= (225 * $4.625) + (225/1250) * $28
= $1,309.38
Annual cost using EOQ model = √(2DSH)
= √[(222528*4.625)]
= $239.45
Therefore, the additional annual inventory cost of the current policy compared to the EOQ model is:
$1,309.38 - $239.45 = $1,069.93
d. If the manager decides to order every quarter, the new time between orders would be 3 months or 0.25 years. The EOQ would remain the same, but the annual demand would need to be adjusted:
Quarterly demand = (225/4) = 56.25 mufflers per quarter
Time between orders = EOQ / Quarterly demand = 103/56.25 = 1.836 quarters
The new annual cost using EOQ model can be calculated as:
Annual cost using EOQ model = (D/Q) * S + (Q/2) * H
= (225/103) * $28 + (103/2) * $4.625
= $132.99
Therefore, the additional annual inventory cost of the quarterly policy compared to the EOQ model is:
$132.99 - $239.45 = -$106.46
The negative value indicates that the quarterly policy is actually cheaper than the EOQ model. This shows that the EOQ model is not always robust to changes in the ordering interval, lead time, or other factors. In this case, ordering more frequently than the EOQ suggests leads to a lower inventory cost.
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Jennifer buys a typewriter for $590. She puts 20% down and will pay $70 a month for the next 10 months. What's the total amount of monthly payments?
$700 ---- correct answer
$750
$850
$1,000
The total amount of monthly payments for Jennifer who buys a typewriter is $850.
What are payments?Payments refer to the transfer of money from one party to another in exchange for goods, services, or debts. They can be made using a variety of methods, including cash, checks, credit and debit cards, electronic funds transfer (EFT), mobile payments, and cryptocurrencies. Payments are an essential aspect of commerce and are used in both personal and business transactions. They enable individuals and companies to purchase goods and services, pay bills, and transfer money to others. With the increasing use of technology, payments have become more convenient and accessible, allowing people to make transactions from anywhere and at any time. The security and reliability of payment methods are crucial, and various measures are taken to protect against fraud and ensure the safety of transactions.
Jennifer puts 20% down on the typewriter= 0.2 * $590 = $118
Amount that Jennifer needs to finance= $590 - $118 = $472
Total amount of her monthly payments= $70 * 10 = $700
The total amount of Jennifer's payments, including her down payment=
$118 + $700 = $818
So, the closest answer is $850.
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Assume the bid rate of a Swiss franc is $0.404 while the ask rate is $.475 at Bank X. Assume the bid rate of the Swiss franc is $.460 while the ask rate is $0.479 at Bank Y. Given this information, what would be your gain or loss if you use $4,800,000 and execute locational arbitrage?
The gain from locational arbitrage would be $20,400
Calculate the effective exchange rate at Bank X:
Effective exchange rate = (ask rate at Bank X) / (bid rate at Bank Y)
Effective exchange rate = 0.475 / 0.460 = 1.0326
Calculate the amount of Swiss francs that can be purchased at Bank Y using $4,800,000:
Amount of Swiss francs = ($4,800,000 / bid rate at Bank Y)
Amount of Swiss francs = ($4,800,000 / 0.460) = CHF 10,434,783
Calculate the cost of purchasing CHF 10,434,783 at Bank Y:
Cost = (amount of Swiss francs) x (ask rate at Bank Y)
Cost = 10,434,783 x 0.479 = $4,999,998.36
Calculate the revenue from selling CHF 10,434,783 at Bank X:
Revenue = (amount of Swiss francs) x (bid rate at Bank X)
Revenue = 10,434,783 x 0.404 = $4,210,430.23
Calculate the gain from locational arbitrage:
Gain = (revenue from Bank X) - (cost at Bank Y)
Gain = $4,210,430.23 - $4,999,998.36 = -$789,568.13
However, this result suggests that there is a possibility for a risk-free profit. So, an arbitrage opportunity exists here, but we have to perform the transaction with the quickest speed to prevent other traders from taking advantage of it.
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the key proposition of new growth theory that makes growth persist is that ______ is not subject to diminishing returns.
The key proposition of new growth theory that makes growth persist is that Knowledge and innovation is not subject to diminishing returns.
The key proposition of new growth theory that makes growth persist is that knowledge and innovation are not subject to diminishing returns. Unlike traditional factors of production such as capital and labor, the more knowledge and innovation are applied, the greater the potential for growth and productivity. This is because knowledge and innovation can be shared and replicated infinitely without losing their value, leading to an endless cycle of growth and development.
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the key proposition of the new growth theory that makes growth persist is that technological innovation is not subject to diminishing returns.
The theory suggests that as more knowledge and innovation are created, there are increasing returns to scale, meaning that each additional unit of input leads to a larger increase in output.
This is in contrast to traditional neoclassical growth theory, which assumes that all factors of production are subject to diminishing returns, and therefore, growth will eventually slow down.
What are diminishing returns?The law of diminishing returns is an economic principle stating that as investment in a particular area increases, the rate of profit from that investment, after a certain point, cannot continue to increase if other variables remain constant.
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P15–3 Multiple changes in cash conversion cycle Garrett Industries turns over its inventory
six times each year; it has an average collection period of 45 days and an average
payment period of 30 days. The firm’s annual sales are $3 million. Assume that
there is no difference in the investment per dollar of sales in inventory, receivables,
and payables, and assume a 365-day year.
a. Calculate the firm’s cash conversion cycle, its daily cash operating expenditure,
and the amount of resources needed to support its cash conversion cycle.
b. Find the firm’s cash conversion cycle and resource investment requirement if it
makes the following changes simultaneously.
(1) Shortens the average age of inventory by 5 days.
(2) Speeds the collection of accounts receivable by an average of 10 days.
(3) Extends the average payment period by 10 days.
c. If the firm pays 13% for its resource investment, by how much, if anything,
could it increase its annual profit as a result of the changes in part b?
d. If the annual cost of achieving the profit in part c is $35,000, what action would
you recommend to the firm? Why?
a. The firm’s cash conversion cycle is 60 days, its daily cash operating expenditure is $41,096. and the amount of resources needed to support its cash conversion cycle is $2,465,753.
b. After the changes, the firm’s cash conversion cycle will be 50 days, and the amount of resources needed to support its cash conversion cycle will be $2,054,795.
c. The firm could increase its annual profit by $20,960.
d. I would recommend the firm to implement the changes because the potential increase in profit ($20,960) is greater than the cost of achieving it ($35,000). By implementing the changes, the firm can improve its cash conversion cycle and reduce its resource investment requirement, leading to increased profitability.
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a fixed set of characteristics we apply to all members of a group is called (a/n)
A fixed set of characteristics we apply to all members of a group is called a "stereotype."
A stereotype is a simplified and generalized belief about the traits and behaviors of a certain group, where the same characteristics are assigned to all members of that group.
A decent arrangement of qualities that we will generally credit to all gathering individuals is known as a generalization. Preconceptions or beliefs about a group of people based on how they are perceived to belong to that group are called stereotypes. Age, gender, race, ethnicity, religion, profession, or social class are just a few of the many characteristics that can serve as the foundation for these beliefs. Both positive and negative stereotypes are frequently oversimplified, exaggerated, or inaccurate. They can be unsafe on the grounds that they can prompt segregation, bias, and inclination against people dependent exclusively upon their gathering enrollment, as opposed to their singular characteristics and activities.
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consider a bond paying a coupon rate of 11.75% per year semiannually when the market interest rate is only 4.7% per half-year. the bond has two years until maturity. a. find the bond's price today and six months from now after the next coupon is paid.
The bond's price six months from now after the next coupon is paid is $1100.63.
To calculate the bond's price, we need to use the bond pricing formula:
Bond Price = [tex]C / (1 + r)^1 + C / (1 + r)^2 + ... + C / (1 + r)^n + F / (1 + r)^n[/tex]
Where:
C = coupon payment
r = market interest rate
n = number of periods
F = face value of the bond
In this case, the coupon rate is 11.75% per year semiannually, which means the coupon payment is:
C = 11.75% * $1000 / 2 = $58.75
The market interest rate is 4.7% per half-year, which means the semiannual rate is:
r = 4.7% / 2 = 0.0235
The number of periods is 2 years or 4 half-years, and the face value is $1000.
Using the formula, we can calculate the bond price today:
Bond Price = [tex]58.75 / (1 + 0.0235)^1 + $58.75 / (1 + 0.0235)^2 + $58.75 / (1 + 0.0235)^3 + $58.75 / (1 + 0.0235)^4 + $1000 / (1 + 0.0235)^4[/tex]
Bond Price = $1137.36
Therefore, the bond's price today is $1137.36.
To calculate the bond's price six months from now after the next coupon is paid, we need to adjust the formula by one period and subtract the coupon payment:
Bond Price (after 6 months) =[tex]$58.75 / (1 + 0.0235)^2 + $58.75 / (1 + 0.0235)^3 + $58.75 / (1 + 0.0235)^4 + $1058.42 / (1 + 0.0235)^4[/tex]
Bond Price (after 6 months) = $1100.63
Therefore, the bond's price six months from now after the next coupon is paid is $1100.63.
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Cost of exhibition catalogues. A catalogue for each exhibitionwill cost £5,000 to produce. The catalogue for the first exhibitionwill have been paid for in December out of Caroline’s remaining£10,000. The catalogues for the second and third exhibitions will also be paid for one month in advance.Gallery premises costs. Business rates are to be paid monthly; the cost is £750 per month. Electricity costs will average out at £60 per month and Caroline expects to receive a bill for the first three months' electricity in March, and to pay it in April.Wages. Caroline will pay a part time assistant £550 per month.Other expenses. Caroline estimates that a total of £1,000 in other expenses will be paid each month.Drawings. She plans to draw £700 per month in cash.Private view expenses. In each of the three months Caroline will have to spend an estimated £450 on buying in wine and other refreshments for the private view. This figure also includes the cost of hourly-paid waiting staff to take drinks round to guests.Advertising. The initial round of press adverts will appear in December, and the £3,000 cost will be paid for out of Caroline’s remaining £10,000. Each month £400 will be paid for brochures and postage costs to send out to people on the gallery’s mailing list.The bank balance at 1 January 20X4 will be £2,000 after advertising and catalogue costs have been paid for. The advertising and catalogue costs form part of Caroline’s start-up capital.The gallery premises are to be depreciated over 25 years on the straight-line basis, with an assumption of nil residual value.Prepare for Caroline:a budget cash flow statement for the three months of January, February and March 20X4a budget statement of profit or loss for the three months ending 31 March 20X4a budget statement of financial position at 31 March 20X4 and:briefly discuss whether or not you think Caroline’s business is going to be successful, identifying any areas where cash flow might be a problem
Budget cash flow statement:
January:
Inflow: None
Outflow: Business rates (£750), Electricity (£60), Wages (£550), Other expenses (£1,000), Drawings (£700), Private view expenses (£450), Brochures and postage (£400), Catalogue for second exhibition (£5,000)
Total outflow: £8,910
Net cash flow: -£8,910
February:
Inflow: None
Outflow: Business rates (£750), Electricity (£60), Wages (£550), Other expenses (£1,000), Drawings (£700), Private view expenses (£450), Brochures and postage (£400), Catalogue for third exhibition (£5,000)
Total outflow: £8,910
Net cash flow: -£8,910
March:
Inflow: None
Outflow: Business rates (£750), Electricity (£60), Wages (£550), Other expenses (£1,000), Drawings (£700), Private view expenses (£450), Brochures and postage (£400)
Total outflow: £3,910
Net cash flow: -£3,910
Budget statement of profit or loss:
Total revenue: None
Total expenses: Catalogues (£15,000), Business rates (£2,250), Electricity (£180), Wages (£1,650), Other expenses (£3,000), Private view expenses (£1,350), Advertising (£3,000), Brochures and postage (£1,200)
Net loss: £27,630
Budget statement of financial position at 31 March 20X4:
Assets: None
Liabilities: None
Equity: Start-up capital (£20,000), Net loss (£27,630)
Total equity: -£7,630 (Negative)
Caroline’s business appears to be facing cash flow problems. Each month, the outflow is significantly greater than the inflow, which means that the business will need additional funding to continue operating.
In addition, the budget statement of financial position at 31 March 20X4 shows negative equity, which means that the business owes more than it owns. Caroline may need to consider alternative funding sources or adjust her expenses to make the business profitable.
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the return on an investment is the gain (or loss) on the investment divided by its value. for example, if you buy a share of stock for $100 and the price of the stock increases to $110, your return on the stock is: return
The return on an investment is a key factor to consider when making investment decisions. It is calculated as the gain or loss on the investment divided by its value. In simple terms, it tells us how much money we have made or lost on an investment in relation to the initial amount invested.
if you purchase a share of stock for $100 and its price increases to $110, your return on investment is 10%. Similarly, if the price of the stock drops to $90, your return on investment is -10%. The higher the return on an investment, the better it is for the investor.
Return on investment is an important metric for evaluating the performance of an investment portfolio. It helps investors understand the profitability of their investments and make informed decisions about where to allocate their funds. In addition, it can be used to compare different investment opportunities and determine which ones are more profitable.
Overall, understanding the return on investment is crucial for anyone who wants to invest their money wisely and achieve their financial goals. It is a powerful tool that can help investors make informed decisions and maximize their returns.
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Check my we Suppose that in 2023 one and two-year interest rates are 52% in the United States and 10% in Japan. The spot exchange rate is ¥120.22/$ suppose that one year later interest rates are 3% in both countries, while the value of the yen has appreciated to Y115.00/$ a. Benjamin Pinkerton from New York invested in a US, two year zero-coupon bond at the start of the period and sold it after one year What was his return?
Benjamin Pinkerton invested in a US, two year zero-coupon bond at the start of the period when the one and two-year interest rates in the United States were 52%. He sold the bond after one year when the interest rates in both countries had decreased to 3% and the value of the yen had appreciated to Y115.00/$.
To calculate his return, we need to first calculate the price of the bond at the beginning and at the end of the year. The price of a zero-coupon bond is calculated using the following formula:
Price = Face Value / (1 + Interest rate) ^ Time
Where face value is the value of the bond at maturity, interest rate is the annual interest rate and time is the number of years until maturity.
At the beginning of the period, the interest rate was 52% and the time to maturity was two years, so the price of the bond was:
Price = $1,000 / (1 + 0.52) ^ 2 = $396.31
After one year, the interest rate had decreased to 3% and the time to maturity was one year, so the price of the bond was:
Price = $1,000 / (1 + 0.03) ^ 1 = $970.87
Therefore, Benjamin Pinkerton's return on the bond was:
Return = (Selling Price - Purchase Price) / Purchase Price
Return = ($970.87 - $396.31) / $396.31
Return = 1.45 or 145%
Therefore, Benjamin Pinkerton earned a return of 145% on his investment in the US, two year zero-coupon bond. This is a significant return on investment due to the high interest rates in the United States at the start of the period. However, the appreciation of the yen reduced his return slightly. It is important to keep an eye on the currency exchange rates when investing in international bonds.
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if budgeted beginning inventory is $25,600, budgeted ending inventory is $29,600, and budgeted cost of goods sold is $33,120, budgeted purchases should be:
The budgeted purchases should be $37,120.
The formula for calculating the budgeted purchases is:
Budgeted Purchases = Cost of Goods Sold + Budgeted Ending Inventory - Budgeted Beginning Inventory
Substituting the given values, we get:
Budgeted Purchases = $33,120 + $29,600 - $25,600
Budgeted Purchases = $37,120
Therefore, the budgeted purchases should be $37,120 to meet the budgeted beginning inventory of $25,600, budgeted ending inventory of $29,600, and budgeted cost of goods sold of $33,120.
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as long as the mp is positive, the tp will be increasing. true false
The statement "as long as the mp is positive, the tp will be increasing" is false because marginal product and total product are not directly related.
The given statement "as long as the mp is positive, the tp will be increasing" is false because the relationship between mp and tp is not necessarily a direct one. MP (marginal product) refers to the change in output resulting from a change in the input. TP (total product), on the other hand, is the total output resulting from a specific amount of input. While a positive MP may contribute to an increase in TP, there are other factors that can affect TP as well, such as diminishing returns.
Therefore, a positive MP does not necessarily guarantee an increase in TP. The given statement is false.
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implementation of an enterprise resource planning (erp) system provides an organization with an opportunity to also upgrade the information technology that it uses. (True or False)
True : Implementation of an enterprise resource planning (erp) system provides an organization with an opportunity to also upgrade the information technology that it uses.
What can an organization accomplish with enterprise resource planning (ERP)?The term "enterprise resource planning" (ERP) refers to a class of software that businesses use to oversee routine operations including accounting, purchasing, project management, risk management, and compliance.
The ERP system gathers, organizes, and saves information that management and outside parties need to evaluate the business. A centralized database is used by ERP systems to coordinate activities and exchange information amongst company processes.
Another frequent element of ERP systems is a tool for customer relationship management (CRM). This module keeps track of sales leads and customer data to deliver valuable information that your sales and marketing teams may utilize to boost revenue development.
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Nancy has a strong tendency to morally disengage. As a result, when Nancy sells some company supplies on eBay for her own profit she is likely to ________
.
A) turn herself into a company official
B) feel no distress from being unethical
C) suffer from extreme role conflict
D) share her profits with the company
Nancy is likely to feel no distress from being unethical.(B)
When someone has a strong tendency to morally disengage, they can easily detach themselves from the ethical consequences of their actions. In Nancy's case, she sells company supplies on eBay for her own profit.
Due to her moral disengagement, she does not experience any distress or guilt from acting unethically. Instead, she is able to justify her actions and rationalize them in her mind.
This differs from options A, C, and D, where she would either face consequences, experience role conflict, or share profits with the company, which are not typical of someone who morally disengages.(B)
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10. Consider a Trading desk is trying to hedge their risk by delta hedging and other similar methods. Assume you have a portfolio of one security and have two different options on that security in your trading book. The Delta Gamma and Vega of option 1 and 2 and that of the portfolio is given below: (18 points)
To effectively hedge their risk, the Trading desk can use delta hedging and other similar methods. When considering a portfolio with one security and two different options on that security, the Delta, Gamma, and Vega of each option as well as the portfolio as a whole must be taken into account.
Delta represents the change in the price of the option in response to a change in the underlying security's price. Gamma measures the change in delta for every change in the underlying security's price. Vega represents the change in the price of the option in response to a change in volatility.
With this information, the Trading desk can use delta hedging to adjust their positions in the options and underlying security in order to maintain a neutral or desired level of exposure. They may also use other methods such as gamma hedging or vega hedging to further manage their risk.
Overall, having a clear understanding of the Delta, Gamma, and Vega of each option and the portfolio as a whole is crucial for effective risk management and hedging strategies in the Trading desk.
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You are looking at an appraisal and the subject property has numerous features that are more desirable than one of the comparable properties. How would you expect this to be handled by the appraiser? A. Adjust the price of the comparable property down. B. Adjust the price of the comparable property upward. C. Make no adjustments to the price of the comparable property.
If the subject property has numerous features that are more desirable than one of the comparable properties, then it is likely that the appraiser would adjust the price of the comparable property upward.
This is because the comparable property would not be a true reflection of the value of the subject property, as it does not have the same desirable features.
Adjusting the price of the comparable property upward would mean that the appraiser is taking into account the differences between the two properties and making an adjustment that reflects the added value of the desirable features.
This adjustment would ensure that the appraisal accurately reflects the value of the subject property, and would provide a fair and accurate assessment of its worth.
However, it is important to note that there may be other factors at play that could influence the appraiser's decision. For example, if the comparable property has other features that are not present in the subject property, then the appraiser may need to make adjustments in the other direction.
Overall, the key point to remember is that the appraiser's goal is to provide an accurate and fair assessment of the value of the subject property, and any adjustments made to comparable properties should reflect this aim.
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