Answer:
Explanation:a
Genes A and B are neutral. A weakly beneficial mutation arises in the population. This mutation is 100 base pairs away from Gene A and 1000 base pairs away from Gene B. If this mutation were to go to fixation within the population, which gene would be more likely to go to fixation and what is the term for this process? Is there any reason to suspect that one or both of these genes may not go to fixation? Why or why not?
Answer:
Both genes would be likely to go to fixationThe term for this process is "linked genes"The reason to suspect that both of these genes may not go to fixation is that they are too close to the mutation and the recombination frequency between them is very very low.Explanation:
Independent assortment law establishes that the alleles from two or more different genes distribute in gametes independently from each other. In other words, a gamete receives an allele from a gene that does not depend nor influence the allele of another gene in the same gamete. This can only be applied to independent genes. These genes segregate independently after crossing-over because they are located far away from each other.
Some other genes, however, are too close to each other and they do not segregate independently. These are the linked genes that do not exhibit an independent distribution, and they inherit together more frequently.
Crossing-over between linked genes that are very close to each other in the chromosome is not that common. Crossing-over during meiosis occurs randomly in different positions all along the chromosome, and its occurrence frequency in the area between two genes depends on the distance between them. A short distance between genes is a very little target for crossing-over to occur, which means that only a few of them will happen, compared with the number of events between genes that are more separated between each other.
Two genes that are very close will have a few recombination events and are strongly bounded.
The more separated two genes are, the more chances of recombination there will be. The closer they are, the fewer chances of recombination there will be.
Genes that express 50% of recombination frequency or more are not linked genes.
To analyze the recombination frequency, we have to know that
1% of recombination = 1 map unit = 1centi Morgan = 1,000,000 base pairs.
And that the maximum recombination frequency is always 50%.
The map unit is the distance between the pair of genes for which every 100 meiotic products one of them results in a recombinant one.
In the exposed example we know that the distance of gene A from the mutation is 100 base pairs, and the distance of gene B from the mutation is 1000 base pairs.
1,000,000 base pairs ------------------ 1% recombination frequency
1000 base pairs -----------------------X = 0.001% recombination frequency
100 base pairs ------------------------ X = 0.0001% recombination frequency
According to the recombination frequency between the mutation and gene A, and between the mutation and gene B, we can assume that both genes are linked to the mutation, as they seem to be too close to it. They are so close, that their recombination frequency is very little.
Which of the following represents a duplication in the DNA sequence A-G-T-C-T? 1. T-C-A-G-A 2. A-G-G-T-C-T 3. A-G-T-C-T 4. G-A-C-T-T )Helppp
(Q005) Humans are unusual because our cultural practices can actually change our environmental circumstances. We can change the environment in which natural selection acts on our traits. Describe how this process has played out in the evolution of adult lactose tolerance. Describe how this process has played out in the maintenance of the sickle-cell trait. Can you hypothesize any similar situations where our future evolution may be influenced by cultural practices we have today?
Answer:
sickle cell disease or sickle cell disease is about the inheritance of metaplastic cells or cells that do not respect normal cell morphology from the mother or father to a child.
This is not associated with cultures, instead lactose tolerance is.
Explanation:
Lactose tolerance is basically an adaptation of the body in those humans who continue to drink milk throughout their lives, once the growth stage is over, milk should be suspended, although some continue to consume it and lactase continues to be encoded and expressed.
Some people for cultural reasons or environmentalist lifestyles do not drink animal milk, but rather vegetable milk.
Which of the following is an example of a lipid?
phospholipid.
triglyceride
fats and oils.
all of these
Answer:
phospholipid
Explanation:
Phospholipids, triglycerides, fats, and oils are examples of a lipid. Therefore, option D is correct.
What are lipids?Fatty, waxy, or oily molecules are referred to as lipids. They are soluble in organic solvents but insoluble in polar solvents like water. Steroids, phospholipids, oils, and waxes are examples of lipids. They are usually referred to as fats and oils.
Since lipids may be broken down to provide significant amounts of energy, one of their primary biological purposes is the storage of energy. The structural elements of cell membranes and a number of the body's messengers and signaling molecules are also formed by lipids.
Cell membranes, cholesterol, blood cells, and the brain are just a few places where they can be found in the human body.
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35 points please help science biology
Euglena are unicellular organisms classified into the Kingdom Protista, and the Phylum Euglenophyte. All euglena have chloroplasts and can make their own food by photosynthesis. They are not completely autotrophic though, euglena can also absorb food from their environment; euglena usually live in quiet ponds or puddles.
Euglena move by a flagellum (plural ‚ flagella), which is a long whip-like structure that acts like a little motor. The flagellum is located on the anterior (front) end, and twirls in such a way as to pull the cell through the water. It is attached at an inward pocket called the reservoir. Color the reservoir grey and the flagellum black.
The Euglena is unique in that it is both heterotrophic (must consume food) and autotrophic (can make its own food). Chloroplasts within the euglena trap sunlight that is used for photosynthesis, and can be seen as several rod like structures throughout the cell. Color the chloroplasts green. Euglena also have an eyespot at the anterior end that detects light, it can be seen near the reservoir. This helps the euglena find bright areas to gather sunlight to make their food. Color the eyespot red.Euglena can also gain nutrients by absorbing them across their cell membrane, hence they become heterotrophic when light is not available, and they cannot photosynthesize.
The euglena has a stiff pellicle outside the cell membrane that helps it keep its shape, though the pellicle is somewhat flexible and some euglena can be observed scrunching up and moving in an inchworm type fashion. Color the pellicle blue.
In the center of the cell is the nucleus, which contains the cell's DNA and controls the cell's activities. The nucleolus can be seen within the nucleus. Color the nucleus purple, and the nucleolus pink.
The interior of the cell contains a jelly-like fluid substance called cytoplasm. Color the cytoplasm light yellow. Toward the posterior of the cell is a star-like structure: the contractile vacuole. This organelle helps the cell remove excess water, and without it the euglena could take in some much water due to osmosis that the cell would explode. Color the contractile vacuole orange.
1. Does a scientific theory ever become a law? Explain
the difference between scientific theory and law.
Answer:
a theory cannot become a law
Explanation:
the difference between a scientific theory and a scientific law because a theory is an in depth explanation of an observed phenomenon. a law is a statement about an observed phenomenon or an unifying concept (i.e.: newtons law or gravity - no explanation on how it works or what it is just that it exists.)
Select all of the following that describe RNA.
Check all that apply.
nucleotides contain the sugar deoxyribose
always occurs as a double-stranded helix
can be single-stranded
can catalyze chemical reactions
the nitrogenous base thymine is used instead of guanine
the nitrogenous base uracil is used instead of thymine
nucleotides contain the sugar ribose
The statements that describe RNA are ;
Nucleotides contain the sugar ribose ( 7 )Can be single stranded ( 3 )The nitrogenous base uracil is used instead of thymine ( 6 )RNA and DNA are similar in some ways because they are both nucleic acids but the characteristics of RNA that makes it different from DNA is that RNA is mostly single stranded with it Nucleotides containing ribose instead of deoxyribose.
The RNA ( Ribonucleic acid ) nucleotides are composed of certain bases i.e. adenine, guanine, and cytosine also it contains uracil in place of thymine.
Hence we can conclude that the statements that describe RNA are ; Nucleotides contain the sugar ribose, Can be single stranded, The nitrogenous base uracil is used instead of thymine.
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what solution describes a saturated solution?
Answer:
This is not my answer, I found it on the internet.
No more solutes can be dissolved in a saturated solution at a given temperature and pressure.
Explanation:
A saturated solution is a solution that consists of maximum amount and concentration of the solute that is dissolved in the solvent.
The extra amount of solute cannot be dissolved in a saturated solution.
The saturated solution is composed of solute and solvent and solvent cannot dissolve more solute at some extent.
The carbonated beverage is an ideal example of saturated solution.
A saturated solution is one that contains the greatest concentration and amount of the solute dissolved in the solvent. In a saturated solution, the excess solute cannot dissolve.
What is Saturated solution?Solvent and solute make up the saturated solution, and to a certain extent, solvent cannot dissolve more solute. A saturated solution is best exemplified by fizzy beverages.
A solute's solubility is the greatest amount of that solute that can dissolve in a solvent at a given temperature and pressure. The moles of solute per volume (mol/L) or the mass of solute per mass of solvent (g/g) are other common ways to express solubility.
There is typically a limit to how much solute can dissolve in a given amount of solvent, even for extremely soluble compounds. In general, temperature and pressure—for gases—as well as the energy components we have already covered affect a substance's solubility.
Therefore, A saturated solution is one that contains the greatest concentration and amount of the solute dissolved in the solvent. In a saturated solution, the excess solute cannot dissolve.
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In science, which of the following best describes the scientific term
theory? *
A) An educated guess
B) An idea with lots of evidence to support it
C) possible idea that needs more evidence to be real science
D) An undisputed law that will not change.
PLEASE ANSWER!!!!!!!
Answer:
here's your answer
Explanation:
b) an idea with lots of evidence to support it .
In science, the word theory refers to a comprehensive explanation of an important feature of nature that is supported by many facts gathered over time. Theories also allow scientists to make predictions about as yet unobserved phenomena.
which of these increases as greenhouse gases pollution increases
a.thickness of freshwater ice sheets
b. ocean salinity
c. ocean surface temp
d.rate of thermohaline circulation
Answer:
The answer is C.The ocean surface temp
Explanation:
I'm not sure of it but Greenhouse gases pollution raise the rate of Global warming so i think the temp one works the most
Sea turtles spend most of their lives at sea feeding on jellyfish. When it is time to lay their eggs, mature females come ashore. They dig
nests in the sand along the coast, lay their eggs, and then return to the sea. The data below show the changing sea levels since the late
1800s.
Answer:
this is not a very clear question T-T
Explanation:
wish i could help
Answer:
Explanation:
Afterwards, only females come ashore to nest; males almost never return to land ... Most females return faithfully to the same beach each time they are ready to nest. ... When the turtle has finished digging the egg chamber, she begins to lay eggs. ... Well over 90% of a sea turtle's life is spent in the water – feeding, mating, ...
What does this diagram represent?
Which type of rock does B represent?
Group of answer choices
How does Nitrogen get from the atmosphere to the soil?
Answer:
Plants get their nitrogen indirectly from the air via microorganisms in the soil and in certain plant roots.
Answer:
Microorganisms and certain plant roots in the soil
Explanation:
"Plants get the nitrogen that they need from the soil, where it's already been fixed by bacteria and archaea. Bacteria and archaea in the soil and in the roots of some plants have the ability to convert molecular nitrogen from the air (N2) to ammonia (NH3)... Such organisms are called "diazotrophs". From here, various microorganisms convert ammonia to other nitrogen compounds that are easier for plants to use. In this way, plants get their nitrogen indirectly from the air via microorganisms in the soil and in certain plant roots."
I hope this helps...
identify and describe one natural and one man made source of carbon in the carbon cycle?
why do our digestive systems produce separate enzymes to digest proteins, fats, and carbohydrates?
Answer:
The digestive system produces different types of enzymes in order to convert proteins, fats and carbohydrates into smaller molecules and facilitate their absorption.
Explanation:
Once food is ingested, it must go through a process of digestion, which involves the conversion of food into smaller molecules, in order to facilitate its absorption at the intestinal level.
There are different enzymes, produced in the digestive system, for this purpose:
Proteases degrade meat proteins to convert them into amino acids. Lipases convert fats into fatty acids. Amylases convert sugars and carbohydrates into glucose.The main objective is to obtain the fundamental components of each food to be assimilated by the organism, via intestinal absorption.
How does the formation of NAD+ differ between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?
A. NAD+ is formed in aerobic respiration by a fermentation process and formed in anaerobic respiration by oxidation of NADH.
B. NAD+ is formed by a fermentation process in anaerobic respiration by the conversion of pyruvate into lactate and by simple oxidation of NADH in aerobic respiration.
C. Under aerobic conditions, the electron acceptor is a molecule other than oxygen for NAD+ production, whereas under anaerobic conditions the electron acceptor is oxygen.
D. NAD+ is formed by the breakdown of pyruvate to form oxaloacetate in anaerobic respiration whereas in aerobic respiration it is formed by the breakdown of pyruvate into lactic acid or alcohol.
Answer:
B. NAD+ is formed by a fermentation process in anaerobic respiration by the conversion of pyruvate into lactate and by simple oxidation of NADH in aerobic respiration.
Explanation:
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is an important coenzyme that may exist in two different forms: oxidized (NAD+) and reduced (NADH). The fermentation is an anaerobic oxidation-reduction reaction where pyruvate and NADH are reactants, while lactate and NAD+ are products generated by the oxidation of NADH to NAD+ and pyruvate to lactate, respectively. On the other hand, during aerobic respiration, NADH generated by glycolysis is oxidized to form NAD+ by the donation of its electrons to reduce pyruvate to lactate. Subsequently, NAD+ is reused in glycolysis (again) in order to generate more molecules of ATP.
Can you think of any structures in the human body that may have once had a job but are no longer necessary?
Answer:
I bealive Vestigial organs or appendix no longer have pourpose.
Explanation:
Why do you think it is winter in the southern hemisphere while it is summer in the northern hemisphere?
Answer:
yes
Explanation:
just to be nice could you mark this as brainleist please?
Happy Holidays!
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Is salivary amylase a carbohydrate, lipid, nucleic acid or protein?
Answer:
Amylase
Explanation:
Budding is a type of asexual reproduction. Which of the following is an disadvantage for asexual reproduction?
True or False: A is the hanging wall and B is the foot wall.
Answer:
False
Explanation:
so they hanging walls above the plane of the fault (and over your head and the footwall is below the plane of the fault (and is under your feet)
a. What is the major evolutionary advantage to producing an amnion?
b. What does that mean for embryonic development for the animal phylum as compared to the animal phyla?
WHAT IS THE MAJOR EVOLUTIONARY ADVANTAGE TO PRODUCING AN AMNION?
The main evolutionary advantage of producing an amnion is that the embryos of the amniotic membrane,the amniotes are made available with their own aquatic environment,this in-turn resulted to a lesser dependence on water for it's maturation and development therefore allowing or giving room for the amniotes to branch towards environments that are drier.
WHAT FOES THAT MEAN GOR EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE ANIMAL PHYLUM AS COMPARED TO THE ANIMAL PHYLA?
The embryonic development of animal phylum is also known as embryogenesis.
It is the development of the embryo from the point of fertilization of an egg,(the ovum) by a sperm cell ,this makes the fertilized egg a diploid cell otherwise known as a zygote.
This zygote undergoes mitosis,a mitotic division known as cleavage and a differentiation resulting in a multicellular embryo.
This embryonic development of animal phylum comprises of 36 animal phyla.
Outermost solid layer of earth A:crust. B:mantle. C:outer core. D;inner core
Answer: crust
Explanation: The crust is the most outer layer sold layer of planet Earth. We live on the crust of the Earth. Therefore, crust is the answer.
Hope this helps!
DNA sequences can act as "tape measures of evolution". Scientists analyzing the human genome sequence were surprised to find that some of the regions of the human genome that are most highly conserved (similar to comparable regions in other species) don't code for proteins. What is a possible explanation for this observation? EVOLUTION CONNECTION sequences can act as "tape measures of evolution". Scientists analyzing the human genome sequence were surprised to find that some of the regions of the human genome that are most highly conserved (similar to comparable regions in other species) don't code for proteins. What is a possible explanation for this observation?
Answer:
Non-coding DNA regions play important roles in regulating transcriptional activity by encoding different types of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), acting as scaffold attachment regions, acting as enhancer specific regions, etc.
Explanation:
Historically, it had been believed that non-coding DNA sequences were 'junk DNA' since they don't encode for proteins (beyond the sequences that are transcribed into functional non-coding RNAs, i.e., transfer RNA and ribosomal RNA). However, in the last years, it has been shown that non-coding DNA sequences play critical roles in regulating gene expression and genome function. For example, evolutionary conserved non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) with regulatory roles on gene expression such as, for example, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) have been mapped in non-coding DNA sequences, thereby evidencing the functional significance of these regions. In consequence, the conservative nature of certain non-coding DNA sequences evidence that mutations in such regions may have significant deleterious effects, and thereby they could have a negative impact on the fitness of the individual.
Structure of a Water molecule
Answer:
A water molecule consists of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. ... This molecular structure leads to hydrogen bonding, which is a stabilized structure in which a hydrogen atom is in a line between the oxygen atom on its own molecule and the oxygen on another molecule.
Explanation:
Let's suppose you were interested in developing drugs to prevent epigenetic changes that may contribute to cancer. What cellular proteins would be the target of your drugs?
Answer:
Potential targets:
1- DNA methyltransferases
2- Chromatin modifiers such as histone acetyltransferases, histone deacetylases, histone methyltransferases, etc.
3- Components of the RNA interference (RNAi) machinery such as Dicer, Argonaute, etc.
Explanation:
Epigenetics can be defined as the study of any heritable change in the phenotype that does not involve modifications in the DNA sequence. Epigenetic mechanisms can be classified into three major types: 1-DNA methylation, 2-histone modifications (e.g., acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, etc), and 3-regulatory non-coding RNAs (e.g., miRNAs, lncRNAs, siRNAs, etc) that modulate target gene expression via the RNA interference pathway. There are different types of proteins that are involved in these complex epigenetic mechanisms, and those cited above represent only some examples that can be used as therapeutic targets.
Help me guys!! (Giving brainliest)
Answer: C
Explanation:
C because the cell membrane is semi permeable which means only certain substances can enter and exit.
particles is found in the nucleus of an atom
Answer:
protons and neutrons
Explanation:
Protons and neutrons have a positive and neutral charge, respectively. They are in the nucleus, while the negative electrons orbit the nucleus.
Answer:
Protons, neutrons, electrons
Explanation:
If you're asking about subatomic particles.
What molecule, when linked
with others, creates a single link
in the DNA chain?
Answer:Figure 4: Double-stranded DNA consists of two polynucleotide chains whose nitrogenous bases are connected by hydrogen bonds.
Explanation::))))))))))))))))))))))