The rate of energy that refrigerant-134a enters the compressor of a refrigeration system as saturated vapor at 0.14 mpa, and leaves as superheated vapor at 0.8 mpa and 608c at a rate of 0.06 kg/s is thus 24.072 kJ/s.
First, we need to calculate the enthalpy of saturated vapor at 0.14 mpa. This can be found in a vapor table. The enthalpy of saturated vapor at 0.14 mpa is 272.6 kJ/kg. Next, we need to calculate the enthalpy of superheated vapor at 0.8 mpa and 608C. Again, this can be found in a vapor table. The enthalpy of superheated vapor at 0.8 mpa and 608C is 681.2 kJ/kg.
Now, we can calculate the rate of energy that refrigerant-134a enters the compressor of a refrigeration system. We calculate this by subtracting the enthalpy of saturated vapor (272.6 kJ/kg) from the enthalpy of superheated vapor (681.2 kJ/kg) and multiplying the difference by the rate of flow (0.06 kg/s). The rate of energy that refrigerant-134a enters the compressor of a refrigeration system is thus 24.072 kJ/s.
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Kelvin contact resistance test structure in Fig. P3. 19, it is usually assumed that the voltmeter has very high input resistance and there is negligible voltage drop along the voltage measurement arm
In the Kelvin contact resistance test structure in Fig. P3.19, it is usually assumed that the voltmeter has very high input resistance and there is negligible voltage drop along the voltage measurement arm.
This assumption is made because the purpose of the Kelvin contact resistance test is to measure the resistance of a contact without including the resistance of the contact leads.To achieve this, the current is passed through the current leads, and the voltage is measured using the voltage leads. However, if the voltage leads have any resistance, this will add to the measured resistance value, making it inaccurate. To avoid this, the Kelvin contact resistance test structure uses two sets of voltage leads, one to carry the current and another to measure the voltage, so that any resistance in the measurement leads is not included in the measured resistance value.By assuming that the voltmeter has very high input resistance and there is negligible voltage drop along the voltage measurement arm, the Kelvin contact resistance test structure ensures that any resistance in the measurement leads is insignificant compared to the resistance of the contact being measured. This allows for accurate measurement of contact resistance and is a common technique used in electrical testing.for more such question on voltage
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assuming that the longest stage of 5-stage pipeline requires 0.6ns, and pipeline register delay is 0.1ns, calculate the clock cycle time of 5-stage pipeline and 10-stage pipeline.
The 10-stage pipeline's clock cycles would take 1.5ns to finish on average, which is 1.5ns longer than the 5-stage pipeline's.
To calculate the clock cycle time of a 5-stage pipeline and a 10-stage pipeline, we need to consider the time required for each stage and the pipeline register delay.
For a 5-stage pipeline with a longest stage of 0.6ns and a pipeline register delay of 0.1ns, the total clock cycle time would be:
Clock cycle time = longest stage time + pipeline register delay = 0.6ns + 0.1ns = 0.7ns
This means that each clock cycle in the pipeline would take 0.7ns to complete.
For a 10-stage pipeline with the same longest stage time and pipeline register delay, the total clock cycle time would be:
Clock cycle time = longest stage time + (pipeline register delay x (number of pipeline stages - 1)) = 0.6ns + (0.1ns x 9) = 1.5ns
This means that each clock cycle in the 10-stage pipeline would take 1.5ns to complete, which is longer than the 5-stage pipeline due to the additional pipeline stages.
It is worth noting that while longer pipelines can potentially increase performance by allowing for higher clock rates, they can also increase the risk of pipeline hazards and decrease overall efficiency due to increased latency and complexity.
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true or false: since liquid can be considered as incompressible, the volume flow rates into and out of a steady flow device will remain constant.
Answer:
True
Explanation:
Since liquid can be considered as incompressible, the volume flow rates into and out of a steady flow device will remain constant. True, For a steady, incompressible flow, since the density is constant, it implies that the total volumetric flow rates entering and leaving a control volume are the same.
what is the purpose of the ground symbol used in electrical circuit diagrams? group of answer choices to show that there is a return path for the current between the source of electrical energy and the load. to show the source of electrical energy for the load. to show that there is common bus for connection of the source of electrical energy to the load.
Answer:
To show that there is a return path for the current between the source of electrical energy and the load.
the low-level wind shear alert system (llwas) provides wind data and software process to detect the presence of a
The Low-Level Wind Shear Alert System (LLWAS) provides wind data and software processes to detect the presence of hazardous wind shear.
LLWAS (Low-level windshear alerting systems) is a tool with a system to detect the presence of windshears close to the airport, and will provide warning windshear information automatically if has exceeded its threshold.
It works by collecting data from wind speed and direction sensors located around an airport to provide real-time monitoring of changes in wind direction and speed that can lead to hazardous wind shear events. The data is used to create an alert if hazardous wind shear is detected.
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Apart from replacement and displament deep foundations,
1. whats a third soloution and
2 method of installation ,
3. advantages, disadvantages
4. how it is connected to the foundation, then describe the role this connection plays resisting forces (e.g. lateral restraint, and others)
Alternative deep foundation: helical piles. Installed with torque, ideal for limited access sites, vibration-free. Resist lateral forces.
What is the explanation for the above response? The third solution for deep foundations is the use of micropiles.Micropiles are typically installed using a drilling rig, and the process involves drilling a small diameter hole (usually less than 30 cm) into the ground and then filling it with a high-strength grout material, followed by the installation of a steel reinforcing element.Advantages of using micropiles include their ability to be installed in low headroom areas, the ability to be installed in difficult soil conditions, and their low noise and vibration during installation. However, their load carrying capacity is typically lower than that of traditional piles, and their installation can be more expensive than other deep foundation solutions.Micropiles are connected to the foundation through a pile cap or a concrete footing, which transfers the load from the structure to the micropiles. The connection between the micropiles and the foundation provides lateral restraint and resists forces such as wind and earthquake loads. The micropiles can also provide uplift resistance, as they are typically installed at an angle to increase their effective length and capacity.Learn more about deep foundations at:
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for designing heat exchangers at the pinch, what is the criterion for matching streams above the pinch and what is the criterion for matching streams below the pinch? why are such criteria needed? (10 points)
The criteria for matching streams above the pinch for designing heat exchangers is to make sure that the hot stream and the cold stream are both having the same temperature. The criteria for matching streams below the pinch is to make sure that the hot stream and the cold stream have the same heat capacity.
These criteria are needed to ensure that there is an efficient heat exchange, meaning that the hot stream will give up most of its heat to the cold stream. In order for this to occur, it is essential that the temperature and heat capacity of the two streams are similar. If the temperatures of the hot and cold streams are too different, the efficiency of the heat exchange will be greatly reduced.
Similarly, if the heat capacities of the hot and cold streams are too different, the heat exchange will not be efficient. Thus, these criteria are necessary for efficient heat exchange.
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how does the sovent drainage and waste system operate without the venting piping used in traditional systems?
The solvent drainage and waste system operates without venting piping by using a combination of air flow and pressure.
Instead of relying on venting piping to exhaust fumes and waste, the system takes in air from the atmosphere and circulates it through the system with a blower or compressor. This creates a pressure difference that drives the solvent out of the system, taking any remaining waste with it. The pressure also keeps odors from escaping and prevents the system from backflowing.
Drainage is the removal of a mass of water either naturally or artificially from the surface or subsurface from a place.
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Which is a small plain text file that a website might place on your local drive?
Answer:A cookie
Explanation:To track interests.
what is an impact, ballistic or creep ripple? what is the length of these ripples relative to their heights? how does this ratio compare to those for aerodynamic and hydrodynamic ripples?
Impact, ballistic, and creep ripples are all types of surface features that can occur on materials subjected to different types of stresses.
Impact ripples are formed when a material is struck by a projectile or another object. Ballistic ripples are similar but are specifically formed by high-velocity projectiles. Creep ripples, on the other hand, are formed when a material is subjected to a constant stress over a long period of time, causing it to slowly deform.
The length of these ripples relative to their heights can vary depending on the specific material and conditions. However, in general, the ripples tend to have a relatively short wavelength compared to their height.
In comparison, aerodynamic and hydrodynamic ripples are formed by the flow of air or water over a surface. These ripples tend to have a much longer wavelength compared to their height, with the length-to-height ratio typically ranging from several to tens of thousands. This is because the fluid flow over the surface is generally much smoother and less abrupt than the stresses that cause impact, ballistic, and creep ripples.
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what device will produce an electrical current when a turbine is used to rotate an iron core wrapped with a coil of wire near a magnet?
A device that will produce an electrical current when a turbine is used to rotate an iron core wrapped with a coil of wire near a magnet is a generator.
A generator is a device that uses electromagnetic induction to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy. It operates on the basis of the Faraday Law of Electromagnetic Induction, which states that a current is induced in a conductor that is moving through a magnetic field.
The following components are found in a basic generator:
1) rotating magnetic field 2) rotating armature 3) wires 4) coils 5) commutator 6) brushes
Generators are used in a variety of applications, including power plants, wind turbines, and hydroelectric facilities. They are essential for converting mechanical energy into electricity. They have also been utilized as backup power supplies for homes and businesses.
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calculate the cumulative infiltration and the infiltration rate on a silty clay soil after one hour of rainfall at 1cm/h if the initial effective saturation is 20 percent. assume ponding depth h0 is negligible in the calculations.
The cumulative infiltration and infiltration rate on a silty clay soil after one hour of rainfall at 1cm/h with initial effective saturation of 20 percent are 252 cm and 4.21 cm/h, respectively.
To calculate the cumulative infiltration and the infiltration rate on a silty clay soil after one hour of rainfall at 1cm/h if the initial effective saturation is 20 percent, we need to first calculate the cumulative infiltration (Icum) and infiltration rate (f). The cumulative infiltration is given by the equation: Icum = h0 + ∫f (dt). Here, h0 is negligible and ∫f (dt) = f x t. So, Icum = f x t.
The infiltration rate can be calculated using the Kostiakov equation: f = K x t1/2. Here, K is the Kostiakov coefficient, which is a function of the initial effective saturation (Si). For a silty clay soil, K = 0.0026 x Si0.5 (cm/min1/2). Thus, in this case, K = 0.0026 x 200.5 = 0.164 cm/min1/2. Since the rainfall intensity is 1 cm/h, t = 1 hour = 60 min. So, the infiltration rate, f = 0.164 x 601/2 = 4.21 cm/h. The cumulative infiltration is Icum = 4.21 x 60 = 252 cm. So, the answers are 252 cm and 4.21 cm/h, respectively.
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which safety hazard are firefighters most likely to find in the space between the ceiling and the roof?
Firefighters are most likely to find the following safety hazards in the space between the ceiling and the roof: accumulation of combustible material, poor ventilation, and exposure to hazardous chemicals.
Accumulation of combustible materials such as wood, paper, insulation, and other debris can provide fuel for a fire, which can be difficult to contain in a confined space like the one between a ceiling and a roof.
Poor ventilation in this space can make it difficult for firefighters to breathe, and they can be exposed to hazardous chemicals such as asbestos, lead, and dust. Firefighters have to be careful with that.
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the equation used to determine the approximate amount of of critical stress to propagate a crack is known as the friffith equation the griffith equation is
The Griffith equation is used to calculate the approximate amount of critical stress necessary to propagate a crack. The formula for the equation is K = √(πE/2Y), where E is Young's modulus, and Y is the geometrical factor, which depends on the shape of the crack.
The equation is based on the energy release rate for crack propagation and was developed by A.A. Griffith in 1921. The equation is used to calculate the stress intensity factor (K) for a crack in an elastic material.
The Griffith equation is important for engineers as it can be used to estimate how much stress a material can withstand before it will fracture. This is important when designing components or structures that will be subject to loading or fatigue. Additionally, the equation can be used to calculate the stress concentration factor (Kt) at a point of crack initiation.
In conclusion, the Griffith equation is an important equation used to calculate the approximate amount of critical stress necessary to propagate a crack. This equation can be used by engineers to ensure that their designs are able to withstand the expected loads, as well as calculate stress concentration factors.
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