The diagnosis for this patient is likely an autoimmune disease called myasthenia gravis. In which case, the patient's immune system is making antibodies that bind to acetylcholine receptors, decreasing their function. Inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase are commonly used to treat the effects of this disease. In severe cases, the thymus may be removed to reduce the release of hormones that stimulate antibody-producing cells. Temporary removal of the harmful antibodies from the blood may be accomplished by a technique called plasmapheresis.
What is myasthenia gravis?Myаstheniа grаvis (MG) is а chronic аutoimmune disorder in which аntibodies destroy the communicаtion between nerves аnd muscles, resulting in weаkness of the skeletаl muscles. Myаstheniа grаvis аffects the voluntаry muscles of the body, especiаlly those thаt control the eyes, mouth, throаt аnd limbs.
Your question is incomplete, but most probably your full question was
Case Study: A woman in her mid-30s began to experience drooping eyelids followed by difficulty in swallowing. As the condition progressed she began to feel an overall weakness. Tests indicated that she had an abnormally low number of acetylcholine receptors on her skeletal muscle cells.
Complete each sentence with the correct word or phrase regarding this patient.
thymusthyroidmultiple sclerosismyasthenia gravisacetylcholinesteraseacetylcholine receptorsplasmapheresisFor more information about myаstheniа grаvis refer to the link:
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Please help me, I have a F
Failure to build spindle - anaphase
Failure to dissolve the nuclear membrane - prophase
Failure to condense chromosome - metaphase
What is mitosis?Mitosis is the division of vegetative cells to produce two daughter cells. The process occurs in 4 steps:
Prophase: a stage where the nuclear membrane dissolves and the chromosomes condense to become visible under the microscope.Metaphase: a stage where the condensed chromosomes line up at the center of the cell to form a metaphase plate. each chromosome also gets engaged by the spindle fibers from the opposite ends of the cell. Anaphase: sister chromatids are pulled to opposite poles as a result of the shortening of the spindle fibers.Telophase: sister chromatids complete their migration to the poles. The chromosomes decondense back and the nuclear membrane reappears.Thus:
Failure to build spindle fibers will affect anaphase the most.Failure to dissolve the nuclear membrane will affect prophase the mostfailure to condense chromosomes will affect metaphase the most.More on mitosis can be found here: https://brainly.com/question/26678449
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many sea creatures that occupy the lower benthic zones of the ocean are sightless. explain why this marine life, such as a variety of crabs, are not handicapped by their sightlessness.
Even though there is no light at the bottom of the ocean but still marine animals are adapted to not being able to see and even if they had eyes, they would not be able to see.
Why are benthonic zones?Many sea creatures that occupy the lower benthic zones of the ocean are sightless.
Animals that live on the sea floor are called benthos and most of these animals lack backbone and are hence called invertebrates. Benthic invertebrates are sea anemones, sponges, corals, sea stars, sea urchins, worms, crabs and others.
Because of the depths, benthic zone is characterized by low sunlight and low temperatures and this attributes to little life and biodiversity.
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What type of hormones use second messengers in a cascade of reactions that trigger a cell response?.
The hormones that use second messengers to trigger a cell response are glucagon, calcitonin and thyroid-stimulating hormone which achieve the result through cAMP.
Glucagon takes part in levels regulating the levels of blood glucose .
Calcitonin helps in construction of bones and regulation of blood calcium levels.
Thyroid-stimulating hormones releases T3 and T4 from the thyroid gland .
There are three types of second messengers namely;
calcium ions cyclic nucleotides that include cAMP and cGMP inositol trisphosphate and diacylglycerol.The above are molecules transfer signals that are received at the receptors on the surface of the cell.
The cell response is triggered by the cyclic AMP which is activated by the G-proteins.
The cell responses to hormones involve; protein and enzyme production.
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a lung specimen from a pneumonia patient contains gram-negative bacilli. laboratory test results on the bacteria show they are nonmotile coliforms with a capsule. which pathogen is the likely cause of the pneumonia? a) escherichia coli b) enterobacter c) hafnia d) klebsiella e) serratia
It may take some time to recover from pneumonia, which has a likely cause in the Serratia pathogen. Some people recover their health and resume their regular routines in one to two weeks.
What brings about Serratia bacteria?In any damp area where phosphorus-containing compounds or fatty substances build up, the bacteria will flourish. These compounds can be found in toilets, in soap residues left behind in bathing places, and in pet water bowls.
Is the bacterium Serratia marcescens an pathogenic one?A Gram-negative bacterium known as Serratia marcescens infects a variety of invertebrate and vertebrate hosts, as well as plants, to cause disease (Grimont and Grimont, 1978). It is an opportunistic human infection, and during the past three decades, nosocomial S has steadily increased.
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during , dna serves as a template to assemble a strand of rna. a. transcription b. translation c. dna transfer d. transcriptional modifications e. replication
During Transcription, DNA serves as a template to assemble a strand of RNA
What is DNA and DNA template?
Humans and nearly all other species carry their genetic information in DNA, also known as deoxyribonucleic acid. Adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (C) are the four chemical bases that make up the code that stores the information in DNA.The sample of DNA that contains the desired sequence is known as a DNA template.What is transcription?
Transcription is the process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA. The segments of DNA transcribed into RNA molecules that can encode proteins are said to produce messenger RNA. Other segments of DNA are copied into RNA molecules called non-coding RNAs.
Therefore, during Transcription DNA serves as a template to assemble a strand of DNA
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in the human life cycle a.meiosis produces haploid gametes, and fertilization creates a diploid cell that divides by mitosis to produce a new individual. b.mitosis produces haploid gametes, and fertilization creates a diploid cell that divides by meiosis to produce a new individual. c.diploid gametes reproduce by meiosis to produce haploid daughter cells that divide by mitosis to produce a new individual. d.diploid gametes reproduce by mitosis to produce diploid daughter cells that divide by meiosis to produce a new individual
Meiosis produces haploid gametes, and fertilization creates a diploid cell that divides by mitosis to produce a new individual.
Understanding meiosis
One method of cell division is meiosis. Reporting from the official website of the Ministry of Education and Culture of the Republic of Indonesia, meiotic division only occurs in the sex organs.
The function of Meiosis is to produce gametes (egg cells and sperm cells). This division produces daughter cells that have half the chromosomes of the parent cell.
The number of chromosomes possessed by daughter cells is n or is called haploid. Hence, meiotic cell division is referred to as reduction division.
Meiosis is a cell division thatthat produces 4 daughter cells, each of which has half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell.
And while body cells carry a total of 46 chromosomes, gamete cells only carry 23 chromosomes. A healthy young adult male will produce several hundred million gametes each day. In women, sex cells or ovum development follows a long process, starting in the fifth month after the woman is conceived. Meiosis begins at this stage, but stops at the egg precursor cell stage – or primary oocyte – during fetal development.
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which two properties of glucokinase explain why it is an ideal glucose sensor capable of stimulating insulin release from the pancreas?
Glucokinase acts as a glucose sensor in beta cells by regulating the rate of glucose entrance into the glycolytic pathway (glucose phosphorylation) and subsequent metabolism.
Despite the fact that it is a monomeric enzyme, glucokinase has a considerably lower affinity for glucose and exhibits positive cooperativity for this substrate. Glucokinase is a critical enzyme in the liver's capacity to store glucose as glycogen, particularly in the postprandial stage.
The affinity for glucose of glucokinase is lower than that of the other hexokinases. In the physiologically significant range of 4-10 mmol/L (72-180 mg/dL), glucokinase alters shape and/or function in tandem with increasing glucose concentrations. At a glucose content of roughly 8 mmol/L (144 mg/dL), it is half-saturated. It is theorized that glucokinase (GCK) serves as a glucose sensor not only for the regulation of insulin release by pancreatic -cells, but also for the rest of the cells in mammals that contribute to glucose homeostasis.
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explain what features of endospores make them so resistant to microbial control, and how sterilizing techniques work to destroy them.
Endospores are resistant to environmental stresses that would usually result in the bacterium's death. These stresses include high temperature, intense UV irradiation, desiccation, chemical damage and enzymatic degradation.
Because they contain less water and have a slower metabolism than vegetative organisms, bacterial endospores are more resistant to disinfectants. Not all microorganisms respond to disinfection in the same way. However, there are two ways to eliminate bacterial endospores. The first technique involves spore killing at high temperatures. The second technique involves reactivating endospore germination to produce active bacteria that can be quickly eliminated using conventional sterilizing techniques.
The dehydration of the core protoplast caused and maintained by the osmotic activity of enlarged electronegative peptidoglycan polymer may be the cause of the exceptional heat resistance of bacterial endospores.
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AUG GGC UCA
Is this a strand of DNA or RNA, and how can you tell?
Uracil | SIELC
a
DNA because it has the sugar, Ribose
b
RNA because it has inorganic phosphate groups
c
RNA because it has the nitrogen base, Uracil.
d
DNA because it has the nitrogen base, Adenine
Answer:
RNA because it has the nitrogen base
which statement correctly describes most cinder cone volcanoes?
a) they are one of the tallest types of volcanoes.
b) they have a single,symmetrical cone at the top.
c) they often take thousands of years to form.
d) they emit lava that slowly spreads before cooling.
Statement correctly describes most cinder cone volcanoes are they have a single, symmetrical cone at the top
Cinder cones are the simplest type of volcano and they are built from particles and blobs of congealed lava ejected from a single vent and as the gas charged lava is blown violently into the air and it break into small fragments that solidify and fall as cinders around the vent to form circular cone and oval cone and a cinder cone is a steep conical hill of loose pyroclastic fragment and such as volcanic and clinkers and volcanic ash
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Answer:B
Explanation:
why are most affected individuals with a homozugous dominant disease usualy heterozygotes and not homozygotes
If a dominant gene produces the disorder, a heterozygote can also have it.
What exactly is a "disease"?Any unfavorable deviation from such an organism's typical structural or functional state is referred to as a disease. A disease differs from a physical damage in origin and is typically accompanied by the a set of symptoms. A sick organism frequently exhibits signs or symptoms that reveal its abnormal state.
What leads to illness?Bacteria. These one-celled organisms cause strep throat, tuberculosis, and urinary tract infections. Viruses. The various diseases brought on by viruses, which are even more insignificant than bacteria, range from the common cold to AIDS.
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DNA polymerase repairs mistakes made durring DNA replication true or false
Answer: True
Explanation:
DNA polymerases from many species, including bacteria, viruses and eukaryotes, possess a 3′–5′ proofreading exonuclease activity which removes misincorporated bases from extending primers, thereby improving fidelity.
the major disadvantage of cassava as a dietary staple is that it is very low in protein. significant disadvantage of planting hybrid seeds?
Cassava contains less protein than other cereal grains, and the protein it does contain is of poor quality and contains relatively few important amino acids.
Describe proteins.Large, complex proteins known as protein perform a variety of vital roles in the body. They are crucial for the structure, operation, and control of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems and carry out the majority of their job inside cells.
What are the primary advantages of protein?A vital component of a processes that give you energy and allow your blood to transport oxygen around your body is protein. Furthermore, it helps in the production of antibodies which fight against infections and diseases & stimulates the development of new cells.
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Compared to other cereal grains, cassava has a lower protein content, and the protein that is there is of poorer quality and contains fewer essential amino acids.
Is cassava a sweet potato substitute?
Despite the fact that the spelling is sometimes confused, the two are unrelated. Similar to potatoes, cassava seems to be a root vegetable which can be prepared in a variety of ways. This starchy tuber has thicker skin and the appearance of a butternut squash or yam on the outside. Cassava seems to have a neutral flavour and a tender, airy texture when cooked.
Is cassava unhealthy for You?
Although cassava has a lot of carbohydrates, it also contains a lot of fiber and a good amount of vitamins and minerals.
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Which of the following describes the photic zone of the open ocean?
ANSWER IF YOU'RE 100 PERCENT SURE!!!
THIS IS FOR A TEST
A. The part of the ocean that CANNOT support photosynthesis
B. The darkest part of the ocean, where NO light can penetrate
C. The shallowest part of the ocean where there is enough light to support plant life.
Answer:
C is the answer of ur question
100 points and brainlest if answer is right
Answer:
Evolved first
Explanation:
Prokaryotic cells Evolved to other forms of organelles (mitochondrial and chloroplast)in the eukaryotic cells
And with regards to the other options available can not only be with respect to Prokaryotic cells because other cell possess plasma membrane, ribosomes and DNA as well
Answer:
c) Evolved first
Explanation:
Eukaryotic cells started to form after the evolution of prokaryotes.
So, the characteristic of prokaryotic cells is that they evolved first. Hence, the option (c) is the correct answer.
n cloning experiments of frogs, nuclei were removed from intestinal cells of tadpoles and transplanted into zygotes whose nucleic had been removed. a small percent of these zygotes developed into normal frogs, suggesting that
This is Nuclear transplantation,
Nuclear transplantation was developed 50 years ago in frogs.
Nuclear transplantation, test whether nuclei from differentiated cells remain genetically equivalent to zygotic nuclei.
nuclear transplantation originally described by Briggs and King
it showed that the nuclei of some intestinal epithelial cells from feeding tadpoles, after transplantation into enucleated eggs, could develop into normal feeding tadpole
The results from the cloning experiments in frogs indicated that nuclei gradually lose potency during development from embryonic to adult cells.
Also we can say, it is equally possible that there are many cloned animals are in fact derived from the nuclei of less differentiated adult cells such as adult stem cells.
These cells may be more easily reprogrammed than the terminally differentiated cells and also may support development of a clone at a very higher efficiency.
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Did sun wukong / monkey king use cloning? How?
Yes, Sun Wukong / monkey king uses cloning.
From any of the hairs on his body, Sun Wukong/Monkey King can produce clones. The Chinese Legend of Sun Wukong is the inspiration for The Monkey King. The only troops that can duplicate themselves are It and the Witch.
Cloning is a separate skill that the Monkey King possesses in addition to being a function of the staff. Based on the lore, RWBY's Sun Wukong character may create clones utilizing the game's magic system as opposed to his hair as in the literature.
The Monkey King often referred to as Sun Wukong, is a legendary mythical entity most known for appearing as one of the primary characters in the 16th-century Chinese classic Journey to West and numerous subsequent works and adaptations.
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How can fossils tell scientist about the past?
Answer: Fossils can tell scientists about the past by showing how the skeleton is structured so they can get an idea about what they ate, their limitations, and sometimes even how they acted or mated.
Explanation:
A grower who wishes to enhance plant growth by adjusting the carbon dioxide levels in the greenhouse will use a(n) _________as analyzer to evaluate CO2 levels.
A grower who wishes to enhance plant growth by adjusting the carbon dioxide levels in the greenhouse will use a NDIR as analyzer to evaluate carbon dioxide levels.
What is NDIR?Carbon dioxide can be measured using infrared detectors, also known as NDIR analyzers, because it is an excellent absorber of infrared energy. Depending on the application, carbon dioxide can be measured in percent (%) or parts per million (ppm).
A sensor is used to measure carbon dioxide. The NDIR non-dispersive infrared sensor is one of the most common.
Its popularity stems from its long life-span, high speed, and low cross-sensitivity to other gases. An NDIR CO2 sensor detects infrared light in an air sample.
Thus, NDIR can be used.
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Could you help me with this question I don't understand it
The principle relate to tree ring dating as the organism have evolved by slow gradual uniform changes
The principle of uniformitarianism says that the present is the key to the past and the principle has a profound impact on the science and geology and the idea that earth has always changed in uniform ways and that the present is the key to the past and this principle to understanding earth history and Darwinian evolution uses the principle of uniformitarianism as the central idea of descent with modification that organism have evolved by slow gradual uniform changes and the simpler organism the older it is assumed
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why is phosphorylation/dephosphorylation a prominent switch mechanism (compared to allosteric binding)?
Phosphorylation/dephosphorylation is a prominent switch mechanism (compared to allosteric binding) because It is a rapid mechanism to switch on/off, and universally (targeting Tyr, Ser, Thr residues).
An event that occurs primarily on a protein surface, phosphorylation and dephosphorylation are significant posttranslational changes of natural proteins. These biological mechanisms are crucial for intracellular signal transduction cascades and enzymatic activity switching. It is essential to select fluorogenic probes with high binding affinity to phosphorylated peptides and proteins if you want to be able to see these activities in real time.
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the diffusion of hydrogen ions down their concentration gradient allows;
A. H+ ions to serve as the final electron acceptor
B. energy to be released as H+ ions move freely across the mitochondrial membrane
C. a concentration gradient to be generated when H+ ions are passively transported from the matrix to the inter membrane space of the mitochondrion
D. ATP to be synthesized when H+ ions move through a channel in ATP synthase
The diffusion of hydrogen ions down their concentration gradient allows ATP to be synthesized when H⁺ ions move through a channel in ATP synthase (Option D).
What is the ATP synthase protein?The ATP synthase is a protein used by the cell to generate adenosine triphosphate or ATP from adenosine diphosphate or ADP and phosphate, which requires an electrochemical gradient generated by pumping protons H⁺ through the mitochondrial inner membrane.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that ATP synthase is required to generate ATP by using an electrochemical gradient in the cell.
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which cellular components are precursor metabolites for the construction of macromolecule building blocks?
The building blocks are fatty acids , amino acids , sugars and nucleotides.
These include lipids (or fats), proteins, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids. All of the main kinds of macromolecules share the property of being huge polymers constructed from small repeating monomer subunits.
The majority of macromolecules are constructed from single monomers, often known as building blocks. Covalent bonds allow the monomers to join to create polymers, which are bigger molecules. Monomers produce water molecules as a consequence of this process.
The majority of biological macromolecules are polymers made by connecting monomers, or single molecules, in a lengthy chain. They are created by the polymerization process. In this procedure, two monomers are joined together via dehydration synthesis, or the elimination of a water molecule.
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Which process is speeded up by rubisco during the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis?.
The process of photosynthesis that can be affected by the rubisco enzyme is the process of carbon fixation.
How is Calvin cycle process ?The rubisco enzyme is one of the enzymes that plays an important role in the overall process of plant photosynthesis in the dark reaction. At this stage there will be capture of CO₂ from the free air and then the union of CO₂ with ribulose bisphosphate which is assisted by the rubisco enzyme.The photosynthesis cycle that occurs when it is dark or does not require sunlight in the process is called the dark reaction or Calvin cycle. And in the process it uses ATP and NADPH² that have been produced in the daytime photosynthesis process.In the Calvin cycle, glucose is formed through a chemical reaction that converts oxygen (CO₂) and several other components into glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate.The Calvin cycle is very useful in life, because it is the main player in the process that provides oxygen stability and prepares plant raw materials to make starch that we can later use.Learn more about Calvin cycle here: brainly.com/question/13477893
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a(n) blank is a molecule that can bind to an enzyme and prevent the enzyme from working. there are two types: a(n) blank binds to the active site of the enzyme; a(n) blank binds elsewhere on the enzyme.
An enzyme inhibitor is a chemical that can attach to an enzyme and keep it from functioning. There are two kinds: an enzyme inhibitor and an enzyme blank. An enzyme blank binds to the enzyme's active site.
What exactly are enzyme inhibitors?An enzyme inhibitor is a chemical that can attach to an enzyme and stop it from functioning. There are two types: a competitive inhibitor binds to the enzyme's active site and a noncompetitive inhibitor binds somewhere else on the enzyme.
Various Enzyme Inhibitors?Enzyme inhibitors can also be divided into two groups:
- Inhibitors that are irreversible:
- Reversible inhibitors: Possibility of reversal (competitive, noncompetitive, and uncompetitive inhibitors).
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Assume alternative splicing can generate all permutations and combination. How many proteins could a gene with three exons and two introns generate?
Answer:
Gene splicing is an important source of protein diversity. During a typical gene splicing event, the pre-mRNA transcribed from one gene can lead to different mature mRNA molecules that generate multiple functional proteins.
in this process, which is called “alternative splicing”, one gene thus provides the information for two different proteins
A protein with 3 exons can give up 3 proteins or more. Usually one exon leads to one or more than one proteins. Splicing gives out intron and keep the exons.
What is the main tool for the splicing ?After the splicing the exons are kept whereas introns are removed out thus this creates the tension in the structure which is maintained by the splicosomes.
One protein is produced from one gene and that means only a section of DNA is required to code for a protein. Exons has both coding and non-coding strands. There is no sure thing like that this much of exons produces this much of proteins only.
But there are a fix thing that is there are 64 codons and they make up the 20 amino acids that are essential in nature and they do make an important role in the functioning of the body.
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List 2 for each fluid: Specify if each fluid is a liquid or gas and explain why. 1. Home 2. school/work 3. outdoors
The types of fluid for each place include the following listed below:
1. Home - Liquid soap, oil
2. School/work - Water, Oxygen.
3. Outdoors - Oxygen, water
What is a Fluid?This is referred to as a substance which could be in the form of liquid or gas and is capable of continually flowing when it is subjected to shear stress or external force.
There are various types of fluids which have their individual properties which is based on their structure and atoms such as liquid soap which is used in the home for household chores such as washing and cleaning of materials or surfaces.
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Answer:
Home: Cooking Oil is used to cook a variety of vegetables/ foods, Water is a basic need to live and we drink it everywhere including our homes.
School: Liquid soap is used for clean windows, floors and sometimes ourselves, Oxygen is also a basic need just like water to live but for breathing.
Outdoors: Engine Oil is a liquid and used to repair cars and Gas is a fuel used to run cars and vehicles
describe the morphology of s. capitis. include cell shape, any motility structures, and its gram stain result
Staphylococcus capitis morphology Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, non-motile cocci are S. capitis subsp. capitis.
What is motility dysfunction?Anywhere throughout your gastrointestinal (GI) tract, motility problems are caused by aberrant muscle or nerve contractions that produce spasms or lack of motion. It's possible that your throat, stomach, large and small intestines, colon, and rectum won't be able to carry out their respective roles in the digestion process.
Why do motility problems occur?Usually, it results from damage to the gut's nerves or muscle. The majority of causes are because of diabetes-related nerve damage (neuropathy), severe stomach operations, or for unknown (or "idiopathic") causes.
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what is the most significant factor affecting environments and biodiversity. describe what role do humans have in protecting or changing this issue?
The most significant factor affecting environments and biodiversity is the way that humans have altered natural habitats to make room for farmland or to obtain natural resources. As humans, it is our role to protect the environment.
To obtain our food, water, fuel, medicines, building materials, and many other necessities, humans must interact with the environment. Through the use of science and technology, we have improved our ability to exploit the environment for selfish purposes, but we have also harmed and polluted it. We have a moral duty to protect the environment for the benefit of present and future generations. Men are polluting the environment, whether they are conscious of it or not. Deforestation, water and air pollution, and greenhouse gas-induced climate change are a few of these. You can promote biodiversity and protect the environment by reducing, reusing, and recycling. Cut back on the waste you generate, volunteer to help with community clean-ups, Educate people, improve water efficiency, Think sustainably when shopping, be cautious, using light bulbs with a long lifespan. Plant a tree, etc.
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the field that focuses on the study of short-term evolutionary change in a given species is known as .
A gene pool is made up of every gene present in every individual of a specific species or community. Micro genetics is the scientific discipline that focuses on understanding transient evolutionary change within a particular species.
What is the term for when a species changes?In biology, evolution is the process through which new species arise over time from already existing ones. In genetics, evolution is any shift in the frequency of alleles in populations of organisms from generation to generation.
What is natural selection according to Darwin?Those that possess adaptive traits—traits that give them an advantage—are more likely to endure and procreate. The descendants of these individuals then inherit the adaptive qualities.
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